University of South Carolina Libraries
I / APES DO REASON, HE SAYS. Intelligence of a Chimpanzee in Est, caping from a Cage?A Cycling Ape. An ape, reared I'roni babyhood at tlie Biological Institute in Amani, Herman Kast Africa, lias aeeomplishI nients as a bicycle rider. There was a demand from Merlin for so gifted a specimen of the anthropoid ape and lie has now been added to the collections in the Zo-ological Garden of that city. Perhaps it is not very remarkable that an intelligent ape with innate love for feats of balancing and gymnastic stunts on the branches of trees, should learn to ride a bicycle, llis J trainer reports that his patience and time were not overtaxed in teaching him to ride. The ape was a little slow in grasping the idea that by working the pedals he could propel the machine, but when light dawned upon him his education as a wheelman was almost complete. lie is not yet sufficiently observant of obstacles in the road, but he is improving. Just now the Herman public is most interested in the studies tlnil Dr. Alexander Sokolovski lias been making of three antliropoid apes at Stellingen, near Berlin. llis scientific specialty is zo-ological psychology j and he has been observing the life of I two oranguotnng, male and female, I called Jacob and Rosa, and an an- [ named chimpanzee. He has convinc- > ed himself that these animals have not onlv instinct, but also clementarv j reasoning powers. The three animals are excellent friends, bu| there are marked temperamental difference between the chimpanzee and the orangulanjus. I I he former is full of lift1 and is doing! something every waking moment. The I latter are more quiet, sit reposefullv for long periods on the floor, and when they al tempt the swinging bar Ihev are slower and more cautious than the chimpanzee, who is reckless, lie likes rough and tumble play with Jacob, but Rosa is his favorite. There seems to be a perfect understanding between them and she is his dutiful servant in many of his origi-i nal performances. I 10 facilitate Dr. Sokolovski \s studies the keepers gave a good deal of latitude to the three animals. The chimpanzee especially has had his own way to an unusual extent, lie acts more naturally when he does not know that lie is under human observation, and for hours every day be has been apparently by himself though watched every moment. Some of the most interesting results of |)r. Sokolovski's studies grew out of the chimpanzee's desire to escape confinement, lie does not like it, though liis two friends seem content with their lot.. They occupied a part of a very large wire cage, more than half of which was used as the summer sleeping place of the giraffes. The board partition dividing the cage into two compartments was high, though it did not extend lo the roof. Nobody dreamed that the chimpanzee could surmount this wall, but he did, and it was one of his three successful attempts to get ouI of his cage. In a corner of the cage against the wooden partition was a large box in which the apes slept and so heavy that Ihev could not move it. One day the chimpanzee .jumped up on this box and seemed to he critically exainininu the partition, lie jumped into the air again and again with arms stretched above his head, hul he could not bring his fingers within three feet of the top of the wall. llis attention suddenly became ri-| voted upon a large tin globe which had been given to the animals to play with. It was made of thick plate and was so big ami heavy that it was not easy to handle. Ii was made for rolling along the ground. Now was |h" lime for Rosa to help, and she was summoned. Together' Ihev boosted the globe upon the Imx , and rolled it into the corner. Here il was kept l>v I lie faithful ami inlel-j liuenl Ro-a while her friend clamber- j ed up over her back to the top of the ' globe. Rosa --till kept I lie' globe in j place while I he venturesome chilli- i nnzee jumped again and again for the lop of that partition. But he could nol reach it by several inches. Then he had a conference with Rosa. .lust how he communicated his idea lo her is not known, but she understood him. The chimpanzee look her arm and hepled her to clamber up on the globe. ! She stretched herself face downward i on the rounding surface. The c!i ? ' panzee mounted on her body and i made another mighty spring info the! a i r. 11 was a great success, for he! clutched the top of (he partition and, dropped down among the giraffes on : I L the other side, lie was not a hit concerned ahout leaving his friends, but the unsellish Kosa had helped him 11> desert without leaping any sidvantage herself. I he keepers escorted the ape hack to his own compartment and d-'prived the three friends of the globe that had give them so niueh amusement. Tliev were very eertain that * the chimpanzee could not surmount the "v.: !i> m again. They didn't know the extent of the animal's resources. It was observed a few d:y; later ;uat the chimpanzee was having more fun than ever on his trapeze, and it looked as though he were continually Irving to swing himself against the roof. At last he gathered all his energies tor the biggesj swing of all, and when at the summit of his flight he sprang (til the bar and just managed to catch the top of the partition. The next moment he was among the giraffes again. That very day the partition was extended to the roof and flight in this direction was quite cut off. Ilis next attempt was to break the fastening on the door of the cage, lie observed with much apparent interest that when the keeper entered the cage he handled a bunch of keys, one d| which he inserted in a padlock. The keeper sometimes gave him the keys because he was so gravely curious to examine them one by one, and often he would strain up against the wire (o look at the padlock outside, for the idea seemed to | d'twn upon him that it had sonic- ; thing to do with getting into or out of the cage. One day Jacob managed to break ; the wooden piece 011 the swing and thi< put an implement into the hands of the chimpanzee. The hit of tough hardwood was about three fee) hum and i| had broken so that one end was almost :i point. Dr. Sokolovski could scarcely believe his (.\es when he saw the ape firusl the stick outside ol the wire, liusli the thin end up through the slant* 111:it held the padlock and ther. ;?v with all hi-, might force it out. '''he keeper was noti-j fied. the perI'o 'tii nee terminated and the chimpanzee was deprived of his new implement. As he It.'li liss restraint so deepl it was decided I give him :i little I occasional ex'rei-e in the open, and I so one day the keeper look him out inlo Ilu* garden lor a vfioll, leading him by a small chain, li was ;i great lark 'or the ape and he plainly manifested his enjoyment and all the more when they reached a fruit stall at the gate, where lie was regaled with bananas. He had the time of his life and the very next day he decided that he wanted another stroll and more bananas. ITe set to work on the wire of the cage, which was merely meant for summer use, but was supposed to be strong enough to hold any animal that was put into the cage. The chimpanzee confined his attention to the smaller wires that were bent around the network of larger wires to keep them in place. He bit and tugged at one wire with his strong teeth till it broke, and then lie uncoiled it with his fingers and threw it on the ground. He treated a number of these wire brands in the same wav and then with his enormously strong hands and arms he pulled and bent the larger wires lillj lie had cleared a hole big enough |o crawl through. It was high time to sound the alarm but before anything could be done the <diimpanz.ee was out in ;he garden and Jacob ami Kosa were at his heels. The leader was making straight for the fruit stand when the force of keepers corralled the party and forced t hem hack into flic cage. I his is only one series of observations among many which led Dr. Sokolovski to the conviction that these animals, while less than human, are much more than brutes. He learned many things also from the orang'ittaugs. but Ihev were not so bright and interesting a< the chimpanzee. One of the peculiarities of litis fel- I low was his antipathy for evervlhing I'll inn excepting hi- keepers. Jacob and lfo-a would blandlv extend their hands lor 1 cordial shake with the I "ublic while the chimpanzee lurked behind for a good chance to snatch off the headgear of the visitors. Spectacles aroused his greatest ire and lie had a way of sweeping I hem off the nose with a sort of backhand claw that hurl and almost stunned the victim. Dr. Sokolovski advises that a number of young men trained in zoological or comparative psvchologv be stationed in the native homes of these animals to make a thorough stndv of them. lie does not think that the anthropoid ape was the direct ancestor of the human race, but he believes man originated through some striking diflerentiation from them. At any rate in physical structure .iiul in mental processes they arc the nearest approach with tin? brute crea-I tion has made to man. They are worthy of tho most minute study, and with the present methods of investigation Dr. Sokolovski believes it will he possible to reveal their whole life history and to learn just what they are. HOW THE BOY WAS SAVED. B\ B .H. Lindsey, .Judge of the Juvenile Court at Denver, Colo. Shameful to relate, he was in jail. A strain* place for a twelve-year-old boy with a soul and heart. I lie jailer ha'd telephoned me one cold winter night that the boy was in a spasm of crying and had so ' alarmed him that he urged me to come at once. I grabbed my coat and bat and went out into the night, feeling that the pitiless beat of the sleety rain was ever kinder than a criminal law that condemns little J children to crime and iron cells. But I this was before the fight against ihe jail was fought and won. This was j before love and firmness had sup- I planted hatred and dejrada'. i.?r. Behind iron bars that would shame 1 (lie king tiger o| the jungle I iVuud | He was A-cpi.;, >li:i| would have thought not a care had ever vm" I mm lJ'.ie (??: !e ! h a ! | with its worn and tear-tained face, i ' ; ' .:.!, I ' I ing of iron bolts and bars and td;uk- ( iirr of great keys tu/iing in their, solemn, monotonous, locks n- the! jailer, leaving me alone with the boy,! returned from the cell back into tiio dimly lighted corridor. i he hoy. I rightcned at those J r.:!ige surroundings, luoked at his j new cell mate at first cautiously, al- ! most fearfully. Then a look of joy ! and gladness came to his <.Vi as j might come from Ihe captive at the approach of deliverance. Tin hov ! knew me. lor he had been a c'ironic little tmailt : and there may ha\-e i been worse things, but they mr Ke left unsaid, for it was the boy and not the "things" we were trv'ng to redeem. I sal down in the cell on tli" iron ; floor and put my arm around the boy. I told him how much I thought of him. and how 1 despised the bad ! things he did. Vet what could 1 do if he did not help me? I might help! him, but I could not carry hi n *. I < would always be his friend, bat he j was gelling both himself and -n in I trouble if he "swiped things;" for if 1 should let him on! r<ml h-1 "*wip d things" again, would not the officer! ay that the judge made a mistake in not sending "that kid to the State Industrial School, where he would not have a chance to swipe things?" I hen they would say both the judge and the boy should be in jail. ITow could he expect a judge to keep his job if his boys did such things? He saw the point: a/id standing upright there in the cell the light in his eves spoke better than his words the earnestness of his promise to "stay wid ver, judge," as lie tearfully declared he would never get me into any trouble and we would both keep out of jail. And so I almost as tearfully accepted his proffered protection, and ""I ??f the jail we walked together into the now raging storm. And vet it was no such storm as had raged in f A'JgjffiLla I IPo ! IHv$? $ M $ 1 I ifi Fj Nii WH(3KL\ v \ m M W m il Is! fc) h !2 P. i'i ! ?>*'. ? j > | lifih iij - , v rThe nbovo is our >hi;;pni! j best and quickest fthippi/,,; lacilil HATKE'S VIRGINIA MO'Jfv | PRIVATE STOCK CO N-' 'i HO LLANO GIN ? Best Gin sc J APPLE BRAN DY?This yeai i PEACH BRAN DY ? Made e L"nna Wo prepay express Charge 800-80S-8<M-8rm Ti nMnnnaHi ' ?y s 1 ili' a home blighted by :i lather who ii:ul deserted ami trodden underfoot every vow ho took at the marriage altar. And so a lather's earo, the divine birtbright of every eliiltt. had been denied him. The boy was m?t bad. His opportunity had been poor; his environment was bad. 1 !"<>!< him home to his mother, a p "'i, i uiiiiIi11woman, deserving of " huter fad. than to toil all day to Iced a mi elothe her hungry children. Any mother, however noble, who nil-I dor such handieaps and dill'ienlties tries to ])erform the functions of both parentgenerally fails to perform those of either. It it a wonder, then, that the child is not "brought np in the wjiv it should go ?" Is i| the child *s fa nil ? If why then the jail ami degradation? T!io boy returned to school. Tie brought good reports for over two years, mid with them he brought joy and gladness, lie had, in a poor wav, 'ried to supply what was lacking in his little life. l)i,t to do this well ji -park had to be struck somewhere or a hearts!ring had to be sounded that would respond. One day his mother came at the end of a weary. toilsome day to tell >??' that Marry was a changed boy. S!m' '"h' how though! fnl and lov1,1 ?"; a ml that once when she! was sick he had. with the tenderness ?f .i w'onian. waited on her and giv- ! ?'! np all the pleasures of the si reel. ' Mnally the tears came into her eves, ;nid she said: "Judge, 1 never know .I'l-- why Harry chamred so ninch till ""? 'i?.v while I was" ill and he had : '" <? ; ' -'veet ami kind I asked him I wa- lie became good for the i '.d~e * and looking up into my face with a tea,- jn (.y,., 1,,. said: 'Well, mother, you >ee, it's (his Wav: If I ' ver pi!- bad .wipes | the j ubjo -the jn dye will lose his M''' :,,"1 he my friend he | :'Md I am .join" to stav wid him. HALF A GLASS OF WINE. 'No. sir: no woman over had a ' than I iiad. No one "I '< bet !< : hnsbaml at I he 1.1-i. lie w;|S youth-manly, refined, iliffent. lie was a good provider," < *s51 \- earned his $:if> a week, ''''member just when the Ironhie beiran. It was many years ago. My linsband was troubled with indi!i?-iion. lie had tried all sorts of remedies, but nothing did, him any good. At l;^s( ho happened to hear "t a French physician, and consulted him. Thi> physician. said, 'Certainly I can cure you. Simple and leasant remedy. Take a half-glass of wine at each meal. You'll come around all right.' j "Oh. sir. I remember the very I day that first demijohn came to our house. I had an awful feeling of apprehension. Such a thin? had never | entered our doors before. I said to |my husband. 'My dear, I wouldn't. I SnioK there must be some other eure. Ifeally. f afraid of the con! sequences. Don't touch, it dear.' But | lie became irritated; said he wasn't a fool; that ho knew how to take | wire of himself, and that 1 needn't i have any fears for him; that ho was I-imply doing what the doctor?an j experienced man?had told him to do, j <ail t hat it was all right. I ^ Well, sir, I remember it so well; I that meal he took a half-glass of (1,,. w:ue and filled the glass with water. ' f could see even then, at the close :e&co rrr~ jfM.Ijlfl Jlll'l . 1 )J fell t\ P| ^ | : A SH 1 R PI mi LSIJli mHiIo I j (<?:"T A ! L WlaOlTr. At. f.] [c. (p ? . .<;A ,y r if ,yy"; I -V y(^ gA 1 .uOUuiMhtiro we ,lavo businr U-S. All orders are sent out H.-.mo day n Tls' whiskev w? have be< >ld^? JL* 1 m0llow, try 't once, >ld at thiR low price bi,t 11 is pure brandy specially for us in Mnryland. lO CENTS F.XTFM P?R G/ILLOH FOR Af\ 21 Pints or 40 Mutt-Pints of Any A :s at tbwse prices and guarantee Halo delive Send Money Order or lie. A. IIATIvK & J. CAUY ST., nox ui ! ?' <?' 'I. I> 'lis I'll,-he,! I',!.-.. :i:mI \ " 1 !l !i,i* {lie w im> li'lie its it was 11:t(I jrone tu his head. Ii Smut a I mm* lu? took his wine without ! 1 water, and.il was not many months ! h before l ive demijohns ? week wore | brought into mil- once temperate and J beautiful home. "Oh. sir. that was years a?o. To-I da\ hill I must no; tell you where! he i< or how lie I no Us. lie is niv I i hushaml ,lill. Is ij.ere no place", where he ran n it for reformation j I have tried everything. lie fairlv i pleads with me now ;.i Iiis sober' r hours jo save hi.-n. lie .seems to he utterly unable t-., res';..; temptation.! When he is awav from drink, he does ' . quill- well for a time. When he sees ! it. mm t have it. All hix will-pow- j j <'r i- ivone. What can he do? What ^ shall I do?" ( FOREIGN CRIMINALS. ' Police Commissioner Theodore .\. Kinirhani is ||?. author of a starllim: J i article in (he September liitmhe;* of' ? the Norlli American Weview on " I'or j \ fi.an Criminals in New York." It \ could not bul be the fael. Ceuerall" Hinuhain says, that the ureal majori-1 j t.v of criminals in New York should \ be o) exolie origin, sinee ciirhly-five j per cent of I lie population of (lie city , is cither foreign-born or of foreign ; j, parent a.ire. while nearly half the resi-j dents ot the five horouirhs do no| ' speak the Knulish lanpia?v. While i ?' the ljebrew is credited or discredited I " with the hiirhesl percent aire of crime. | the Italian malefactor is hv far t he i urealer menace {? law ami order, (ieneral himrham describes the police iv j irulal ions which apply to |he Italian' criminal at home and which impel j him to seek relief by ciniirraI in?- to I'i?i:"d Si ne>. Th" coaonissi,.,,. j ? nn!ii? rat < certain defect < in the no- i lice system of New York which make j it diflicnll to deal satisfactorily with j 'he alien criminal. Of Chinatown he j r | says: ' Chinatown has been <|iiiet for j ' inan\ mouths; but murderous erup-1 ' ""is in thai ou?rter of \\-w York i always come without warninir, ami no < ?>ne save the Chinamen themselves < ever know any what the <(uai rcl j is about than that one lonjr. or socio- | , ty. lias a grievance asrinsl another. < The Chinaman never includes hiAmerican neighbors in his feu.Is, \ however, and the only risk the laller , runs when the former noes on the ; I war-path is from a si ray bullet; for the yellow men are poor marksmen. , Nevertheless. Chinalown is a plnirue : spot that oujrht not to be allowed to ( exist. 11 is- a const int menace to the morals c,r the children of the neighborhood and a cover for desperate criminals. The low-ceiled rooms \ <>f the s,,?alid buildinirs in hovers, IVII. and Molt Streets and facinir on" the Mowery, many of them openinir 1 only into inside courts, are divided 1 I and subdivided info closet-like spaces ' that are rented for living and sleeping purposes; and in them are lions- 1 ed the very lees of hiiinanily, black. 1 yellow, and white, Chiiiaineii. honest and dishonest, but all hers ' j thieves, lhu?rs. and prostitutes, with 1 I their parasites." I EXCURSION RATES TO COLUM- ! BIA, S. C., AND RETURN VIA i SOUTHERN RAILWAY. Account South Carolina Colored i Stale Fair tie Southern railway announces very low I'oii in I trip rale-; f j fro.,; all points i,: South Carolina to Columbia. S. c.. tickets jo he sold LOCATED IN'" RICHh ^ NJ rj ^ |p[ p| uuiW^5 ?ii pi IS M V? jj*5 ]-"). 1 '?! id n U h h! < k : Vi r*: > i f i i 11 o iiii'i - . '< T*-vr-~r*r- 'PfiOMPi :ss for more than forty yearn. JJointf next 1 uccivod, Wo make losses and breakage px I Gal. sn sotting for forty years - $2 50 then always - 2.50 " " " - - 2.50 " " " - ~ 2.50 2.50 iv of the nnovr nnnruns //v full nun lhai/H Itrnmlfi //? t'lnin Cnnun $7.SO. rv- ^ r't(' 'or complete pric.o list., aa tin ^'ist(^rcfl //Otter with order. - Y, an, 'ovember i I li |<> 11111 inclusive, and "" trains - acduled t.i arrive Columia before noon of November Tllli, 008. linited for return until Novoiner Ktt.li. 15)08. For rates, detailed infonnation. te., applv t.? Southern railway ticki alien! s . .? add ress, d. c. Lusk. Ivision I'asseutrer Ajjent. '? Mcel,. ('haricot on, S. < ?Jen. I 'ass. A lit.. Atlanta. (!a. UIAllLESTON & WESTERN CAROLINA RY. ScJiodulc in cffect May 31, 1908. .v. Xewlu'Trvl(' X & I,) 12:50 p.m. n\ Laurens o:02 p.m. .v. l.nurens (C & W (') 2p.m. u\ (ireenville 4 :00 p.m. v. Laurens 2:,T2 p.m. u\ Spartanburg -I:()."? p.m. -v. Spartanburg (So. liy.) 5:00 p.m. U\ I lendersouville 7:45 pan. u\ Aslieville S :.">() p.m. v. I -aureus ((' & \\' (*) 2:.T2 p.m. i r. (ireeinvood :.'52 p.m. ir. .McConuiek -T :!5.'> p.m. u\ August a (?:1;~> p.m. Tri-Weeklv I'arktr Car line beween Auunsta and Aslieville. Trains *os. I Mild 2. leave Augusta Tuesdays, liursduvs ;uid Saturdays, leave kslu'ville Mniidavs, Wednesdays and Yidavs. . Xote: Die above arrivals and de~ 'ariure.-, ms well as eonueetion* with titer companies, are riven as informal ion, and are not guaranteed. Krnest Williams, Men. Pas... Ayt.. Auirusta. fla, <!eo. T. Mrvan. (Iivenville, S. (\, (I'en. Aj^t. BLUE RIDGE SCHEDULES. Eastbouud. X<?. !S. leaves Anderson :it O.nO a. n.. for eouueetion at Mellon with >out liern for (ireenville. No. 12, from Walhalla. leaves Anlerson at 10.1.? a. in., for eouueetion il Melton with Southern Kail way for 'oliimhia and (Ireenville. Xo. 20. leaves Anderson at 2.20 >. in., for connections at Melton with ^oulheru liailway for (ireenville. Xo. H. daily except Sunday, from A allialla arrives Anderson (1.2-1 p. u., with connect ions at Seneca with southern liailway from points south. Xo. 10, from Walhalla, leaves Anlerson at !..?/ p. m., for connections il Melton with Southern liailway for ireenville and ('olumhia. Westbound. No. 17, arrives at Anderson at 7.50 i. in., Ironi Melton with connections Yoin (ireenville. No. 0, arrives at Anderson at 12.24 t. m., Iroiu Mellon with connections roin (Ireenville and Columbia, (iocs 0 Walhalla. No. 10, arrives al Anderson at .i.10 >. in., from Melton with conucdions from (Ireenville. Xo. 11. arrives at Andersm at 5.20 p. in., from Melton with connections from (ireenville and Columbia. (iocs to Walhalla. Xo. <, daily except Sunday, leaves Anderson al 0.20 a. in., for Walhalla, with connect ions at Seneca for local '"ll'l S S ill! II. Nos. 17. 18, If), and 20 are mixed Irvns between Anderson and Melton. Nos. i and H are local freight 1 rains, carrying passengers, between Anderson and Walhalla and between WalliallK a in1 Anderson rHOEART OF 7 lOND, VA.| ' i M % p, M p. W 1 ? 1'',li,N... i.. x.Tfj. i r : p'^'V -i SMPMENTS.i, l f^tho express office ^ives us the |j|j 2 Gnls. 3 Cals. 4% Grits ?, $4.50 $6.50 $9.00 Bffl 4 50 6.50 9.00 IH 4.50 6.50 9.00 flfe 4.50 6.60 9.00 k'J 4.50 6.60 9.00 nr.*;." U he are only a few brands, i|i