The herald and news. (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, August 25, 1908, Page SEVEN, Image 7
IVORY FROM SIBERIA. ture
T|
Tusks of Mastodons Whose Skeletons ing '
Arc Found in Rivers and amp]
Swamps. m;m
sprii
I Siberia furnishes n large <]uantity 1700
f of ivory to the markets of the world, the :
hut the production of it belongs to fron
another age and to a species of ani- His
mill that does not now exist. The ''h'd
ivory is cut from the tusks of masto- tabli
dons, whose skeltons arc found fro/.en
in masses of ice or buried in the soon
mud of Siberian rivers and swamps. 1?>
The northern portion of the country seen
abounds in extensive bogs, which are worl
called urmans. In these are found pers
the tusks of the mastodon, from which kept
it is inferred that these animals lost the
their lives by venturing upon a sur- a m
face that would not bear their weight, caim
Of this region ;iud its products Dr. bans'
I Charles Wenyon writes: tanc
"Even to wild animals these ur- app?
mans are forbidden ground. The was
nimble stepping broad hoofed rein- ho v
deer can sometimes cross them safe- Tl
|ly in the summer time, but most other the
Blarge animals attempting to do so Thr<
I would quickly be engulfed, and this the
| may be a partial explanation of the bits
remains of mammoth and rhinoo- hies,
keros, which are so abundant and so urge
/widely diffused through these north- The
fern marsh lands of Siberia. selv<
i "Tn the museum at Tobolsk are nu- Fins
morons specimens of mammoth, and cruc
throughout this region they are by stee
no means rare. When an ice pack seer
breaks down a river bank or floods can
tear up a frozen marsh or the summer
thaw penetrates a little more
deeply than usual into t lit* ground
some of these antediluvian monsters
i .arc very likely to he exposed.
^ " Fti many cases the remains are so
fresh and well preserved with their ^
dark shaggy hair and undcrwool of ,j
reddish brown, their tufted ears and
long, curved tusks, that all the aborig- [""j
ines and even some of the Russian ^
settlors persist in the belief that they
are specimens of animals which still *
live, burrowing underground like ^ |
moles, and which die the instant they j
I are admitted to light.
I <' The further one goes northward (i|. |
, the more abundant do these remains .
become. They are washed up with .^ (
the tides upon the Arctic shores, and .|
some extensive islands off the coast.
. . trro?
contain great <|iiantities of fossil ^ j
ivory and bones. ^
"Tusks which have been long or ju,;n
repeatedly exposed to the air are onJ'~
brittle and unserviceable, but those
which have remained buried in the ice j ,
retain tin1 qualities of recent ivory
and are a valuable article of mor- .
chandise. There is a great market
for those mammoth tusks at Yakutsk. .j
on the Lena, from which they find .
their wav to the workshops of Furon
' . , , casi
poan Kussia, and even to I lie lvorv . .
c ' i?in
carvers of ( antoii.
"Various trinkets and works of .
]|1?V
art arc made of these remains and are ,,
11 ,i i i ,, I hei
sold at the shops and especially at ...
the museum as mementos of a visit to .j *
this graveyard of the mammoth. One .^ (
of the favorite curios very accurately
vesembled slices of Russian bread
and cheese. Hut the bread is really j
transverse section of one of the long ,n|1j
bones of a mammoth, and the cheese j .
a piece of ivory from his tusk. The |(|>
two joined together were sold at a j
price which enabled the ingenious ^,j
contriver to obtain for himself manv j>r|(
times their weight of the homely fare p(,|j
which tliev simulated."?The Youth's ,
s, . ' sacl
Companion. .
' wha
culii
INVENTIONS WERE STOLEN. it i:
tar.
Precautious Taken Bofore Days of dom
Patents to Prcsorve Trade alwj
Secrets. sion
in
Before patents were granted for in- Tur
volitions, the inventor had but one T
way to secure a return from his in- nnd
vent ion. That was to keep it secret, bai l
Secret inventions were the most vatf
valuable possessions of many fami- lion
lies and guilds. Hut in proportion to are.
their value, they tempted the cupidity best
of competitors. The secret of mak- tors
ing Venetian it lass was greatly prized The
l and was most jealously guarded. A izod
Venetian named Paoli, who possess- men
Ied the secret, left Venice and wander- son!
ed northward practising his art. lie vast
was stabbed in Normandy with a begi
dagger marked "Traitor"?a mens- serv
ure taken to preserve the secret. at 1
K In 1710 the elector of Saxony veai
Vvler.rned that a man named liottgcr anci
had discovered the secret of making the
;/|p|porcelain. Me accordingly confined equi
him in the castle of Albrechtsburg forn
until the discovered had been per- t a hi
fected. The workmen wet > sworn to long
I secrecy, and the drawbridge was kept bait
\ lip except to admit those specially The
A authorized. Thus was the inarmfac- OOOj
| ture of the famous Dresden ware be- impi
\ gnu. The secret was soon carried to the
j Vienna, where a royal factory was whit
> established, and to France, where it | nil (
\ was the foundation of the manufae-1 men
t
of the I anions Sevres pottery,
le stealing of the secret of inak'cast
stt?i'l in an interesting exle.
A watchmaker named Huntswas
dissatisfied with the watch
lgs the market afforded, and in
conceived that if he could cast
steel into an ingot, springs made
i it would he more homogeneou .
conception was successfully car-'
out. and a large market was esished
for "Huntsman's ingots."
:e wotks with tall chimneys were
built.
,-ery effort was made to keep the
>t. No one was admitted to tho
<s. The process was divided, and
ons working on each part were
in ignorance of other parts of
work. One hitter winter night
an. dressed as a farm laborer,
!' to the door apparently in an exited
condition and asked admite.
The foreman, deceived bv his
arance into thinking the man
incapable of understanding what
ould see, let him in.
lie man dropped down in sight of
furn aces and seemed to sleep.
>ugh furtively open eyes he saw
workman cut bars of steel into
and depositing them into cruei,
put the crucibles in furnaces and
1 the fires to the highest pitch.
workmen had to protect themi's
from the heat by wet cloths,
illy lite steel melted, he saw the
ibles were withdrawn and I lie
1 was cast into moulds?and the
et was a secret no longer?AmcriTndustries.
THE COSSACKS.
Pampered Mercenaries of the
Most High.
was t ho Cossacks who put down
resistance to the Persian shah's
? d'etat (lie other day. and a Cos;
general lias been appointed bv
governor of Teheran, the capital
It was the CossacUs, too, who
uped out the sporadic army ros
in Russia last year and the year
' 'e, and prevented the risings in
w thousand villages scattered ovl!ie
land from spreading further
resulting, as in France in 178P, in
driving of I lie last landlord from
country. The ('ossaeks are a
it and characteristic institution
Russia, dating from the close of
middle ages. They were at the
lit of their power and independorganization
about the close of
sixteenth century, when tliev even
their sent of government, which
democratic, with a liclman, or
nan. at its head. The Don Cosis
are the leading body among
n. and their principal homes are
steppes of the Don and Ciscana.
Tt was tin1 Don Cossacks who
ed in the rchhellion against Cathe
II.. and were punished by hedeprived
of their liberties and
r democratic institutions. The
'aine ( ossacks (or Cossacks of
Rorder land) were organized by
king of Poland in the latter half
he sixteenth century as a buffer
voen Turks and the southeastern
ndaries of his realm. It is these
hern Cossacks who were probadrawn
upon for the putting down
I he Persian patriots. Their hisc
distinction was their joining
lies XII. under Mazeppa against
m' tlie flreat. whose victory at
ava sealed their fate. The Coses
have always maintained, in
tever latitude, the distinctive peurities
of the race, mixed, though
with Russian, Polish and Tarthe
Russian peasant strain prelinating.
Their prowess has not
ivs been confined to land incurs,
as at one pifiod "they engaged
naval expeditions against the
ks in Asia Minor.
he modern autocracy of Russia
erstands tin* value of such a semi'.irous
horde and carefully culti*s
and coddles il from generato
generation. The Cossacks
in fact, hereditary soldiers, the
of them, the sons of paid figlifor
a dozen or more generations.
Russian government has organeleven
corps of them in cncampts,
stretching from north to
h and from east to west of their
empire. Their military training
lis in hovhood and compulsory
ice at 17. Field service beings
?<> and continues for twenty-five
s. I'laclt corps receives an allow
of land I rom I he czar, from
revenue of which il clothes and
ps the Cossacks with their uniii
of dark green and their pore
arsenal of arms, including a
lance. There are also fifteen
erics of Cossack field artillery.
Cossacks now number nearly 2.000
people, with the head of the
erial I'amilv their helmnn, and
fighting force, some part of
li is actually fighting somewhere
!>( time amounts to fully .">00.0(1?
. I! is an essential part of Rus
sia's modiaovalistn?this mediaeval "lial
horde ol licensed soldiers of fortune, tin* s
litorall vliving on the country. rial
I lu? revolutionists have partially tho i
demoralized tlu? regular army, but In
they make no attempt to inspire such time
born and trained semi-savages, the owiu
?necial pets of despotism, with de- pairs
votion t<? the people. It is enough to ever
ri'ii 'inber that the Cossacks' privi- ply i
k ?es would vanish with the institu- ronu:
tion of a people's army and a more and
democratie government. ? Boston llt> i
Transcript. C1.'s
* " kit ol
WORKING OF FRENCH FARMS, empl
OWIU
Fjrom the Rich Landowner to the J hire
Half Share Man. j into
!shan
In France there is a hierarct * of ! azim
farmers.
The great landowners we need not .
consider. They are no| in their fields, j
They are idling, gaining, talking pol- One
itics in Paris. They number their 1
acres by the thousands. Take the j
French Rothschilds, for instance?!
they own 400,(KM) acres of land. Other amo
barons of finance and many gentle- j lach
men of ancient houses are masters of Wa*
similar estates. | nine
Such "farmers" as these are at <lnithe
head of the hierarchy; the farm-' "
ing baron, the gentleman farmer. ! in It
Their lands are exploited in the | lach
broad, bu sin ess like way that rules peo|
tlie syndicate wheat farm- of the lari;
great northwest. Let us go down the 'cau.?
scale. Next in order come the far- I ber.
met- generals. They are middlemen. I thev
They are the capitalists who stand fate
between the owner, from whom they j od I
rent a hundred farms, and I he ten- I bind
ants to whom they sublet. Few of ; sold
them have ever turned a furrow. The "
farmer general is an intermediary j in (
parasite. I mmj
At Ihis point in the agricultural aid.
hierarchy comes the man who culti- ! oxpl
vales his fields. The largest class i lost
is made up ol those who rout their able
Iarms?as in Lugland?from some t rest
great landowner; if Hie lease be long bo t
and the tonus be good he faros not thoi
ill. lie owns Iiis stock and implo- lu.v
ments. Usually lie is well to do. lie
[employs a dozen men, laborers, shop- "
herds. More and more ho is becoming ' |he
the type of the French farmer, for i ino
the small owner?he who ploughed told
his own acres?is giving way before mon
the universal tendency toward con- ! ca,
cent ration; even so I lie little shop-i the
keeper is being destroyed by 1 lie all tian
absorbing department store. j <<
In a great measure this man is in- j quit;
| dependent. Twice a year he pays his j icini
rent; probably he rents his farm on j phy
a lease ol three, six and nine years, loml
lie is master in his domain. lie may i evei
sell, buy, sow and garner as ho will, til
Perhaps his greatest difficulty is in ; aboi
procuring laborers, for tho young.' <<
men go to the cities, to the factories; j j(,m
so ho works from dawn to dusk and ]jsi,
with him in the field his women work. (.Vd
Lower in tho scale is the farmer the
who works his land on shares, recoiv- ! cert
ing one-half of the product. llisjeoa.'
tanning is done under tho direction be i
ol i he owner of farmer-general. This j in I
is the method in vogue at Forrieres, [ on t
the great estate of the Baron Rothschild
in tho Seino-ot-Marne. Finally SET
but a small farm is allotcd to Ino w
I
Reduced
?TOFORT
WORT
AND RE1
VIA
SOUTHERN I
Account National Convention, F
September 1st to 5th, 1908, the S<
very low round trip rates from all p
Tickets to be sold August 29th, 30
leaving Fort Worth not later than S
Rates from principal points as fo
Abbeville $37-65 Grc*i
Anderson 37.65 Lan
Blacksluirg jo 2- N(JV
Camden 41.85 o,a
Charleston 4,.8s Spa
Columbia 40.80 Sim
Greenville 38.25 Yor
For detailed int'ormation, tickets, etc.
or address
J. L. MKKK.
Assistant Gen. Pass. .\ot.,
Atlanta,
L' slum's man." In reality lie is
ert ill' tlu1 now regime, for fiuaufeudaliiy
has preserved many of
?1<1 servitudes of tlio soil.
tlie* first place ho may at any
bo called away to work in tlio
t's fields. 11? must mako all rct.
Ill* must dig trenches wlierotho
owner soos fit. llo must sup111
tlio straw and hay the owner
ires and send to his kitchen eggs
but tor and vegetables in season.
nust allow all or any of the ownlaborers
to eook their food in his
ion whenever sueh laborers are
loved near by. And lastly it" the
r finds the work ill done he may
outside laborers and send I hem
the fields, for which the "half
cs man" must pay.?Outing MagGREAT
IS QUININE.
of the Most Valued Drugs Known
to Medicine.
>eakin,ir of quinine as the chief
ng all drugs, Dr. Singub II. CJer.
of Bombay, India, said to a 2
diington Post reporter that qui- I
is one of the most valuable of all E
rs known to medical science. H
No one would venture to travel B
idia without it," said Doctor CJer- I
. "Before its discovery 2,000,000 E
de died annually in India of ma- I
il fever. The mortality from this
0 is now less than half that numTlie
poor people?so poor that ""
looked upon the fever as their
. and expected no relief?are sav- W
iy the agency of quinine. Eng- X
1 could not keep her European *iers
in India without it. L
Livingstone and other travelers \
,'entral Africa could never have '
e their discoveries without its F
Tl is said of the great German *ocer,
Schweinfurth, that when ho C
his entire property by fire, valuscientific
instruments among II
. ho fell the loss of his quinine to
he greatest of nil. and often t
mhl will) fear of I he journey thai
before him. which, however, ho ^
lervered in.
The whole world is indebted to 4
cinchona tree, from which quin- \
is made. Who could have forethat
this tree, a native of the V
ntainons forest of South Ameri- t
would lie of such importance in L
advance of civilization and Chris- t
il y ? L
One of the strange things about II
line is llial it is tint used as a modi1
in the practice of the native f
sieians of I'eru, Ecuador or Coliia.
The native Indians did not J
i know of its curative powers unenlightened
bv Ihe Spaniards
it 2.10 years ago.
As a moans of guarding the sysfrom
intermit tent fever the Engnaval
regulations require that
y man should lake a portion of
drug when the ship is within a
a in distance of Ihe east or west
;l of Africa, and thai il should al
regularly taken by those engaged
>oal cruising along (he coasts or
he rivers or creeks."
3 BROADDUS & RUFF's glass
am al 10c.
Rates
rURN, ' c
IAILWAY.
C)
armers' Union, to be held c
Duthern Railv/ay announces
oints to Fort Worth, Texas
th and 31st, good to return,
eptember 30th, 1908. Jrj
Hows: r
L'liwood S.yS.oe; Hi
caster t f>h D
39 5.S
"Jfeburg 40.40
rtanburg 3H.75
,le|" \2 2C)
k\*ille 41.15
. see Southern Railway Agents
J. c. U;SK, \h
Division Passenger Agt.. |
Charleston, VS. C.
The Commercial Bank, I
NEWBERRY, S. C, I
Condensed from report to State Bank 1
Examiner at the close of business June I
4th, 1908: I
RESOURCES: I
Loans and Discounts $371,217.20 I
Overdrafts - 6,521.92 I
Furniture and Fixtures 3,116.93 I
Cash 30,599.38 |
$411,455.43 I
LIABILITIES: I
Capital $ 50,000.00 I
Undivided Profits net 55,887.90 I
Dividends Unpaid 1,112.00 I
Cashiers Checks 12.00 I
Due to Banks 1,063,32 I
Individual Deposits 303,380.2 1 I
Borrowed Money None I
$411,455.43 I
J NO. M. KINARD, O. B. MAYKR, J. V. McKAUv, |
President. Vice-Pres. Cashier. 1
4 Per Cent. Interest Paid in Our Sav- |
ings Department. |
Dewberry Col. lege
l Two Courses:
V 1 Bachelor of Arts
3 Languages and Mathematics
Z with Electives
^ 2 Bachelor of Science
^ Mechanical and Electrical
{ Engineering with A. B. English
: HIGH STANDARDS
D GOOD SANITATION
UNUSUAL ECONOMY
_ Positive Moral Influences
i OPENS SEPT. 23.
3 For Illustrated Catalogue
? J. A. B. Scherer, Newberry, S. C,
CHICORA COLLEGE,
GREENVILLE, S. C.
Owned ami controlled by the Presbyteries of the Synod of South Carolina.
A high grade college for women. A Ohristion home school.
Graduate courses in the Arts and Sciences, Music, Art, Kxpression, (>yttinaslic.s
id Business.
I,arge and ahle faculty, iK-autiful grounds, elegant buildings, modern conveiences,
healthful climate. location in Piedmont section, and in city of 25,000.
KXPIiNSHS I-OR THli KNTIRK YHAR.
A. Tuition, Hoard, Room and Fees ..... f iSj.cx)
H. All included in proposition (A) and Tuition in Music, Ail or Kxpression
#203.OO to $2 I 3 OO
Next session opens September 17th l;or catalogue and information address
S. C. BYRD, D. D., President.
REPORT OF CONDITION OF
THE EXCHANGE BANK
of Newberry, S. C.,
ondensed from report of State Bank Exam:
iner June 4th, 1908.
KKSOtRCliS:
oans and discounts $'99,738.76
verd rafts ' 2,115.92
until lire and fixtures 3,696.62
ash 011 hand and in Banks 26,548.34
$232,099.64
I,FA 1(1 LIT I MS:
!i]?ital stock c, 50,000.09
tij.'.us, net 8,439.70
npaid Divided1- 12.^1
isliiers Checks 1,162.80
ills Payable 65,000.00
.. ( Banks < 1,402.7.1
L* pOSltS, { . 1 1 1 *
1 ( Individual '(>5?99' 82-?107,4.84.57
f 2 3 2,099.64
Reliable and absolutely safe. We pay 4 per cent on time deposits.
I). I)A VKNPORT, M. [, SPKARMAN,
President. Cashier.
!>\V. R. HIPP, W. 15. \VAI,I,ACK,
Vice-President. Assistant Cashier.
C,KO. 15. CKOMMR, Attorney.