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'BOHOOL ATTENDANOE AND TI FUTURE CITIZEN. An Address by Prof. W. H. Hand the University of South Caroli Before Maryland Conference f Charities and Corrections, at Bal more, April 25. 'vell thle 114opulr mlindl is so fa iar with the sIatisties of illitera and14 nont-at teutainee upjoni thle schioi tl:! il is t.al- nce ssary to eo 1411m11 'neITreomlitinl. themhe llow~ver. ini ordter to refr'tesh o memories. it may not be am1liss re'all jst a few t'igures: The eens of 190 ives the South Atlant States 5(17.967 white illiterates or 10 years it' a'e. and 1.25;:.379 ue_ illi'erates ve 10 yearsz of, 11.1ma iln-, the tot a,l illit ol-eVy 23.9 per een To l1. 1 flre, Marylad oitr Hi or a :t.:a t' 11.1 rIl ee n:. had 2.172.'I5 whiie children betwec tihe nee- it .t and 20 years. Ti .Z11hiol attiendance shows h t 1.17t II7t wliitc 'lillrell in school. or Il1i khiltliren .lit tit' school inan were i .-vhool. The same .states had i 1.52. -131 ne-I-o eliilidren between the a ( tif 5 and 20, while there were I ho buit -IG.. i2---fv\ner Chan on, th 1 h i 27. Star wi T v nres. Y.1 pri ateii thi i : iicn I kn e 1'at titere a.e amn 1 us tlose wh tii: ini the S 1 a 0re IIates ft hit, '1ilter Sol' 11-l4I ,1c 1 what l I sqluthl d14net w\Ithlin lihe p s ye ], Ilit Olleve re-tlain z vot IIIIICy ito be d,n. that I !."letiin- feol w aire diing a Lgoodi dial 'if whilin luL keep ilup onr ennri. mIn til atter popuII'lr 1-4neic. n,11 d141v! it suIrpri an1Y fit You toIt he toll that some e n.r states did not materially. redin !iie tItal numbi11her of their wihite ill ' erat I e between 1-S70 and 190o7 Sie w le fatt. an1id I own1 state i amon tieli. It seem.s alto-ether pry, Per to vonlsiderl wlat tile tIter. c nonattelnIII11ce 111111 tle schlools, atn the resultitg illiteray." proilise I in the fulin.e citizenslip of the stat In any 'oIm it1' m11olarliy t I pime i.jeet is viltdeationi has hee to makeilli d intllt]igenVit and lovl su ,jects. In a de olili I'ra . such I i)rs. the prilliar.v ohjtit in elucatit e.e t ' ma e a ntellien o 1t n lvv a vhrtilnt. \'I ar t 1i It td - m nt lt he 11111 1in 1T n I I e .. i- w 1 Vit seItnll. \' are mrakin - evr au1teloity ' oae and tligof admse situtona life Tt cop sucesfl hbat Intelligence Means 4i te people. ~ Th schoi-o 1 primnrily for the benefit of the stat -rather than for Ithe benefit of 1 lndividual. The state seeks to mal ceable. The state compels~ the rii man to pay tprxes to suJpporVt;i schools, not because he owes the pov inan's child an education,, but b -cause the state needs the intellige: -services of all the children in it. TI schiools are democratized by compel lng the rich and the poor alike to pt taxes according to their ability f eomethlng indispensable to all. When thle state has J)rAvided schioo [ r all the Aiildrvi. it has perft ed only a pa1rt ot' its duty. If a se tax is j11stit'iablb on the glrquild of popular education is a IVss,'it. na follows tihat 'ompisory attend. or by the stai is also justi'iable. ti- state has no rigl.' to levy and eol .axes for a specifie purpos, then mit that pI'pose to be defeated it- fie hands of indifferet or sel pa0rents. We hear in this eon l tion un11l of lte sacred rights n- pIsIInal libertiv.s of the Iarent -e. negleOs I'( res-'s to send his e tr 1 school. No one regrets more I to I do tile te1ndsneV to shift from is homes Ihose funtionls. that prop je belon 1 trt. Ove if tliest functiti is to Irain tihe ehildren for their ro ivs ill file soCial or .anisi. Soei I itsolf, is imperiled whene Over its Im t.hers ontolr it un1filvd. ot, of thle entl.' f I fi itneSs is h1t wve < the i'hild for society, it is not 0 th' privili-e hnt lte duty of lith s to tee that te child is fitted for Part ill soiety. Arumillent aai tile ri.Ilt of lite state to send a el to sthool is spesious and superfie Tliose who inake sueh agunment wo not for tile m1omnent dtenv the rij of Ile Mate ito voinpel tihe parent fet"d anld (cl1he hIis child. or to ec him t,. l h or hi-4 (1nn1fr, .. tj : Th i ne t campe a pa e to~ s: .: d prn h ei , r t t , tea I' nppulsart 'a t the hca .e till' kl parinds c.s es vo Ii \Vii It f arI t 1 h 11 . eI o t 0t1i A Rightful Inherit.ance. i .t.tsen hi- chiljd :, *e %'itiss h lY vcpel!!ne Ite par A: :pa 0 l in iheritancet. In ai narrow't~ se beletit O li tic 'i.11C has c "t-t-ted and st'l liat for him; in eWidler sense it mneanls hlis ri-zht j- mnakte of himself all that his God-. ih n abilitis'S will permit him to 1 C comV ; inl a still wider and truer sei it is his lbecomin- fitted to take f plave in the state to perform the s ared du1ties otMNI intelli,_enit citi, s in the noblest sense of that word L". Objection is oftii male ali.t Cs iec pilslo Iatn1tendanlce would work ha li shiJp in the iomnes ot(f tlie poor. Ts d not a fact that tle poor clild is verY one wh)to mlost needs tite aid the state 1,1 brin limi init possessi or f his ri-itfil iniheritnitce? le it m!' ustttn fate 1he mmplekxit odr life ;1nd. 1,'.m n it n Ite adval n .2o..;ta-.: - 11n1nn 1 14n to we.alth e iurth. lie i thet very one whom 1 state oug'ht to hiel p. beenause lie hi t self iS hel pless. The chiild of t - poo'r must work, and it is right I1 ehe should work; but is it neither rig nstnr humane that he should be f< 2ever denied a shlare in his inheritar |--* a ~' 0 lt I e C ut Iy rm- in order to be made . I rad-winner 1ool for n' lazy, selfish- qnifqeling father that aI s is so frequently the nase. 1 it We c-ften hear it urged that con inO11e pulsory Jaws Could not be enf'orced. The To my mind that is begging'the ques leet tion. Wlhy not ask if any other law ier- enn be enforced? The opponents of i at cotimpulsory a-ttendaice insist that fish such a law could not be enforeed be ioe- vause the people are not ready for Ald such a law. Would there be anly use who for this or any other law if the peo iihi ple wore ready and waiting to obey han it L Laws are enacted to compel men the to do that which they ought to dlo, wrly but will not do voluntarily. Tens of ons. thousands of people in America are diu- not obeying tlie Ten Commandments; ety are we to justify this disobedience by 'm- saying that the people arc not quite es- ready for the decalog? Or is the de 'all valo'r 1 pieve of unwise he,i-lation t' he1(ause it is not obeyed by Ifs all? ar1e Will any law ei nforce itself? Will a11v ulh law he en'force'd until an lionest efToIt ate hIas been made to do so? To argue its tha t a compulsory attendance law nst can not he enforced is to argue that ild a majority of us are not law abidirg, ial. antd that we are unable to become tld law abiding. It is sometimes further Zht argued tlat only a willing attendant to upon sliool will receive much henefit. ml- Those who argue forget that in most. M a vases it is thie parent who is unwill ie in , n t the child. k- Argument of the Short-sighted. milI lIn soile setlions of the i:a very Stn11S objection t comilpil-o.v at tend1I.I.ev is mladle b I ncer but l11h1 vndn oil thh e ron: cId a k, 14 l a 11zti v t l t l ie ' 4 I".,ro rhi. I A s wel t h e li whit child. Such ohjee tioin I as in it several elemetils of . weakness. Those who offer ithe ne r as.an objeetion overlook the fact that t le nt-ro parent needs suhel a law less than ite white paret needs it. In my Secton, at least. be it u11 sa it) our shame, tle negro is send In- il his Child to sthIool with anl eager ne ness that eliallen 'es ouri admiration. it- alnId thr11-oul'houtt lie soith tile pereen St o tafe of illiteracy among lithe negroes Ie is lvereasin-v more rapidly thai it is oh- amnil te whites. One of tle most a interesting phases of negro life ill to the south is his unhouided desire to iv- learn. The average negro child will be- read from a last year's almanae if Ise lie can get nothing more suitable. bis The weakness of the central argu m ent against compulsory attendance .ell on account of the negro is t iily pa thetie. Is it wise or expedient to ill- I permit thousands of our white boys rd- and girls to grow up in ignorance, it lest ini forcinlr them It' school we tle should awaken the aspirations of the of negrro child ? Shall we rnmain ignor I'll ant ili l1rder to en rag him to re i-ni i'norant ? Is it het: for white and black to remnalnlnll t than to C Iv- have white and black r:ade intelli oF "enit ? The (1inly logica! -clusion to ori sneh a rgumilent is t hat an ignotrant lie white iiaii can compete successfuiiy mn- with ani ignorant near,, buit that an lie educated white man can not compete at withI an eduicatedl negr... Then what ~ht becomes of our boasted sulperiority >r- of the white man? Has the white man ce so nearly reached the zenith of hisJ t4 I. will not keep him well in atne the ambitious newro? But we are't that tho enforced attenda.neo of I negro means additional weight, to I white man's burden. I admit I there is something inl that eontq tion; but it must. be remembered tI ignorance is the heaviest, burden wlui We Len Buy[ We provide easy te We enable borrowe in Monthly Installmer allowed to meet oblig It is cheaper than p. to save money to buy Dontract. If you want to save take a Security Contr, Call on A. J. Gibson rreasurer, at office, c 3treets, next door to ( SECURITY LOAN A M0J0 DeIse To 1--e To Sat IS C We make friends of Transient trade is a s the foundation of a We sell for prices tP tnd our fair and squai )f the statement that iad better try and gel Me have many custor Lnd all will tell you th BEST 0.1(1 Newberr: oil the1 whites of the south have borne of during the past 40 yenrs; I know what Ad tha11t hlurdel is today, But our very he existelee as a 1nat1ion is wrapped up he in this great. question, No inatter at how great was t he Iutidier, to hili m- and to us, in ninking the negro a at eitixon without one any's preparn cl fion, no itutter how infeiior a citiz id Money TO - -iomes! rms of payment. rs to accumulate a fund its, on which interest is ations at maturity. tying rent. If you want a home take a Security money for any purpose r act. It pays. , Asstant Secretary and 1 orner Boyce and Adams 3opeland Brothers. v ND INVESTMENT CO3 PlrBJENM3] E-/7L W 5, <D.c f No Consider ase :isfy IU AIM AND EF our customers and custo [I right for a superstructurn business. That's what wi at attract the most econc -e treatment holds them. "There is no Friendship it along without customers ners who have traded herE e PLACE TO TRADE ~ETTN sGreatest Bargai You will save money and get a PAROID. Slate colored-contains no tar easilyI aid-aroofing kit free. Spark, water, gas, heat and cold pro Lasts' lono ad looks well. , C A N N 0 N NO dhit Fir e. SALT ER'S rt and Variety Stor nas reestablished busi. ess on Main street,9 lcross frorm the Salter I! 'hoto StUdio. New goods coming in, we rill soon have full variety o esh stock. We now hav A line Of Victor Talking M hines, Records, Needles,& oto Sito U FORT. mers of Gur friends. e but steady custom n have worked for. >mi.cal housekeepers Doing this we dispos SBusiness." A man than without friends. for the past 20 years IS AT n Palace.