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RELIGION'S PRIP AS I Dr. John A. Rice Emphasizes in Life of the Stu Argument: I ask your attention to two state- i ments recorded, the one in the 14th, the other In the 17th verse of the 19th chapter of Exodus, "And Mose weLt down from the mount unto - e peo ple," "And Moses brought forth the people out of the camp to meet God." This was a strategic moment in the education of a race. The Israelites, after a checkered career, were soon to be organized into a state. Moses, seek Ing first amid Sinai's awful solitude, his own preparation to be their teach er, is swept out into the ecstatic fellow ship of the upper world, comes back to the people radiant with the glories of their supernal heights and bring them out of their camps to meet God I For they were to base all their social. economic, industrial and religious life upon personal fellowship with the one eternal God and upon that fellowship stake their destiny as a people. Such was their first lesson in citizenship. We are now to send forth the South Carolina college-university, shall I say?-to be to the citizens of the new Palmetto State, in part at least, what Moses was to the Children of Israel, and it is, therefore. fitting that we should think tonight of "The Primacy of Religion in Education." And it is necessary first of all to seek to under stand what we mean by education. Viewed from one standpoint it is the development, regulation and satisfac tion of the soul's fundamental desires. Back of all human motives and effort are longings native in every moral heart for health, wealth, sociability, knowledge, beauty, rightness, God. The call made by the physical basis of life for training in the art of living. the most difficult and the least under stood of all the fine arts, need nct de tain us and we pass to the desire for wealth. The productive power of cul ture is only now beginning to be felt. The business world is calling for col lege men. It is being discovered that those. ele ments of manhood which are brought to their fullness by college training are ,.--_-tho -orr-4,as that produce results in every neld of-endeavor. A year or so ago Dr. W. W. Smith of Virginia studied the list of 7.852 Americans of more than local note published in "Who's Who in America?" with a view of determining what effect educa tion of the various grades has bad on success in life. It thus appears, says Dr. Smith: . 1st. That an uneducated child has one chance in 150,000 of attaining dis tinction as a factor in the progress of the age. 2d. That a common school education will increase his chances nearly four times. 3d. That a high school training will increase the chances of the common school boy 23 times, giving him 87 times the chances of the uneducated. 4th. That a college education in creases the chances of the high school boy nine times, giving him 219 times the chance of the common school boy. and more than 800 times the chance of the untrained. It is a surprising fact that of 7.852 "notables" thus gathered. 4,810 proved to be full graduates of colleges. While the making of money is only one 'kind of -success it is still true that~ those localities which have - educated most have held the supremacy in com merce and industry, which shows tha't a State's best investment is in her sons and daughters. The present growing ascendancy of labor over capital Is due to the dependence of! great combinations upon the apnlica tion of 'science to practical nroblems and the efficiency of skilled k.bor In managing these mrammoth m'.chines. But real wealth is not simply mn terial possession's. No personality is complete without "that lordship over things which orders them about, moulds them at the caprice of its own Imagination," marshals them to its service. The creative instinct, which is in us all, is the psychological founid ation of. all industrial education. The blacksmith. the cabinetmaker is more a master of the world than many mil lionaires without this sense of domin ion. "Thou madest him a little lower than God" is the scriptural estimate of man's place in the universe. The real poverty of the. Congo cannibal in St. Louis that put his face against the wire knee between me and him and cried "money. mopiey," consisted not~ in the lack of morley, but in helpless ness before the limnitless resources of nature. For -"wealth is man's first realization of Independence among world forces." Not less important in the progress of' self achievement is the desire for so ciability, for those spiritual reactions of personality upon personality, which . belong to intercourse between individ-* uals based upon a mutual recognition * of personal integrity an~d worth. To Individualize and socialize "the down most man"' ought to be the passion of! every state and of every institution. The infinite worth of* the worst calle for the spirit of Jesus, which assumes that none are beyond the reach of tire less love and .that the bringing of one soul to itself were of more value than all the world beside. You remember Holmes' story of the old desk-how on' a visit to' the old homestead he was listlessly fumbling about it and ac 3identally touched a spring that re 'eased a secret drawer never before )p,ened. The desk hasd been in the camily for generations but nobody e.e knew of the drawer. The shavings left in it at the making were stil! .'resh. So be'neath the cyclonic whirls 3f the outer life there is in us all a hidden recess where precious treasures lie hidden. * is the mission of the wise educator to release them and bring1 them to the service of society. Some; years ago when I lived In Darlingtonja a penniless, friendless, half Idiotic 1~ negro, atone In the world, was cutting wood in our backyard one day when our little blue-eyed boy standing by looked up into his face and said.1 "George, I love you." The negro threw down the axe and went away. muttering to himself as far as we could hear him, "Somebody loves me: somebody loves me. loves me; loves me!" Five years after we had left there, while on a visit to the town. I met George on the street, and when he recognized me he asked only one ques tion, "How's old Blue?" and went sauntering off down the street, mut tering. "I must see old Blue someI time." His whole life had been made - n etnefrom a little curly bead . 'to 4euch-iof lofty spirits brings' us toourself and'creates1 for us a new':heav.en ~and a new earth. It has ben said that the history of two worlds can be written on half a! postage stamp: It would be an. inter rogation mark on one end, an excla mation mark on the other, with a thin line between them. Raisin.g and an-; swering questions, research and the distribution of knowledge are alike the' work of the modern educator. The true-t \investigator, meek and lowly in spirit letting go all else. despising all else. dead to all elee, shut up in his "clo-et of lone devire." is slowly laying in soli tude and silence the foundations of ther coming age. The teacher's nurpose is to enable the individual to fill his n..t culiar place and to live his highest life :I in the world. He makes for examp'e ( the p'lowman master of his craft and puts (the greatest possible distance be tweers the man and the mule.t It i.' said tliat Darwin asked what it would g"ofit a man. if he gained the:] oricin ~f species and lost his sense of - C Doetry. ~The aesthetic revelation of the * AACY N EDUCATION. Value of Religious Training dent-A Forceful Presented. world to every young heart is not the least important phase of the wiiAt of education. for the zest of life. can come only to the hearts that can revel in the beauties of literature. music, art, na ture rnd life. And again, there stana. over us all an ideal self that will nc, let us Alone in our sleep, a voice sweeter than any tones yet uttered. a hand si.anger khan any yet put forth, a life richer, fWler, more powerful than that yet livec, as well as a greater place in the 1drger social content. These upward andiout ward impulses are the sociologist's de sire for rightness, which is an element in every normal individual. Education seeks to develop, regulate and satisfy these desires for health, wealth, spcia ability, knowledge, duty, rightness. There is one other, and that the most fundamental, universal and vital o0 all. I have put it last, but Moses pyt it first, for in response to its call he be gan by bringing the people out ot the camp to meet God: Creeds change; All outward forms Recast themselves. Sacred groves, temples and.churches Rise and rot and fall. Races and nations And the various tongues of men Come and go and are Recorded, numbered, And forgotten in the repetition And the drift Of many ages. All outward circumstances My be different, Buthere lives no man Nor ever lived one Who in the silence of his heart Feeling his need Has not cried out Shaping some prayer To the unchanging God. This desire is, therefore, as tr;Aly a part of the normal< personality as any other, and to fall short of developing, regulating and satisfying it, is tf fall short of making men and women and to fail utterly where failure is most disastrous, for if every other e-y of the heart is answered and -lis is smothered or hushed the student leaves his alma mater a mutilated souA Again, we may regard educathon ^s the introducing of the soul Inte ii.. mediate, conscious contact with lity. And what is reality? Everything here is in this or any other world. An man that looks about him will at ti s be overwhelmed by the infinite str - ches of boundless space. When he tr <o think of its contents he is for cd'to begin with a frictionless mediumIn all and filling all. And moving with irre sistible power and unthinkable speed in this infinite sea he finds tireles en ergy gathering here, distributing :here forming here, reforming there. A :loser glance reveals a universal reirn of cause and effect, indefinite order If se quence and reason seems suprem 'over all. A yet closer' glance brings tc light a ceaseless struggle from low?r to higher, from inanimate to animate and from lower to higher grades oE life. Everything seems to be pushing up ward t'.ward man, the culminaton of all, irho himself, is working iri ever advancing stages of progress toward a far off goal. For "I doubt not thro' the ages oie in creasing purpose runs,. And the thoughts of men are viden'd v.ith the process of the suns.' But the heart cannot rest here; it must find back of all this a er omi of which it all comes, back offil na ture, an intelligent first cause, back of all history a purposeful mind and a throbbing heart, back of every eild a father. Let us be reminded that .the whole range of reality, this educationti ma terial, is a unit not to be cut ita and dealt with in sections. Dealing with one part is dealing with all. i the background of all our thinkingi must be felt the whole fast range .of- things. The breadth of our - education vill be determined by the extent to whi,b this is truie. Specialism that is sane can arise only when with this *hold back ground in iview, a portion of reslity, is grasped and mastered. We must not forget also that the soul is not an ag gregate of. separable facilities, but .a unit, each of whose activities :involye all the others. So simple a process as an act of judgment involves, thinking, feeling, wi,lling also. The ideal educa tion seeks to .bring the whole range of reality and the extent of this contact w~ill measure the extent of our educa tion, but the central element in all real ity at every point is is the grea.t -first cause. We can touch it nowhere with out touching Him. He is .back! of all the materials of psychic movement. For in HEim all things live and move and have their being. If, therefore. education is conscious contact with reality, the ideal education, coniscious contact of the whole soul,' wi;:h the whole range of reality, then nothing is education which is not consclotis con tact with Him, and none ideal that does not seek to bring in glad cativity every thought to the obedience qfHim. We come again, therefore, by. nother route, to the position of Mose~ with whom the beginning of all true educa tion and statecraft alike was the bringing of God to the people aind the bringing of the people to God. The same conclusion is reac ed if education be the expansion of the soul's limitations to a complete self hood. There are roughly two 'worlds >pen to us all, that of sense in; which we are born and from which a'as too many never escape and that of thought. rision, sentiment. The diameter: of the 'rst is the distance from linger tip to finger tip, or at most the distance cross one's premises or material mossessions. Only material thi gs are :here. Only what can be smelle , tast d, heard, touched, seen with t e nat iral eye, felt with the body is eal to :his "savage race," that hoai d and ;leep, and feed, and know "n hing." It is the mission of the educ tor to ead us out of this, to liberate us, to ring us into 'That untraveled world, whose argin fades forever and forever when we move," lelping us to escape "the mn rciless miles of the plain" and o "fly in the greatness of God as a marsh hen flies n the freedom that fills all th space twixt the marsh and the skies." The possible as compared * th the tctual area of our lives is ev denced >y the fact that of the 600,00 000 of erve cells in the brain, hardi ofe :ianW thirdfare -e. >y the fact that of the: 20,000 English dictionaries few of nore than 3,000 to 5,000, even >eare commanding only 15,000, ? il on .000, the illiterate perhaps le, s than .000. If it be true -that we ihultiply >urselves by two for every new Ian ~uage learned, and if only one can hink for every thousand that talk, nly one see for every thousand that hink, who will not mourn our wast ng intellects? The circle of our interests is deter nined by that of our knowledge. The cope of interest to those wvho live in he world of sense is in mere things, or >henomena as they are observed or xperienced. only with the extension f our thinking to the deeper ca.uses nd relations of things to the aesthetic, o individual and social life, to God. o we approach the limits of ourselves. ~or only within the area of lknowledge oes effective action or even feeling These boundaries within which we are < to live our lives and do our work are largely fixed in the college period. Men rarely get new classes of ideas or in terests after they are 25 or 30. And Goethe was not far wrong in saying1 that the world is ruled by the opinionsF of men under 24. Ioth the scope and the speed of after devtlpment are de termined within this pt-riod. I he:ird an address on "Little Thinps" when only a boy, in which the speaker said ants had a regular system of warfare, a regular retinue of servants and even milk cows. I was astounded, but from that day to this these little people have had an undying interest for me. Car lisle could rewrite the French Revolu tion when destroyed but helplessly la mented his inability to make the ac quaintance of tiny neighbors that daily crossed his path. To him that hath shall be given is as universal as the law of gravitation. What we get out of the world depends upon what we bring to the world. Men went to the Chicago fair and saw nothin; but Buf falo Bill, or to the St. Louis fair and saw nothing but the Boer war or the Filipinos. Not only is the scope of our future soul movements deter Imined thus early but the speed of our acquirement as well. He that has but little to build to will build but slowly, while all truth hurries to the heart that knows. Hence Goethe's warning: "Be careful what you pray for in youth. lest you get too much of it in old age." This brings a solehnn warning to the youth that takes a wrong attitude to wards religion, for but few change that attitude after leaving college walls. Hence the soul whose limita tions are freed on every other side but bound on this has but little chance to the highest in after years. When Marconi sent his first wirelesc' mes sage to a ship in mid-ocean rnly that one which was attuned to the home office, of all that were sailing on the deep caught the flying sentences. Only the sailors on life's tempestous sea who are in tune with the infinite can catA' the flying messages of truth and love that are thrusting in upon us all from far away shores, from abysmal deeps, from transcendenf heights. He who leaves college without meeting God will likely remain forever a str ..-iger to the sweetest fellowships kn,-- i to the human heart. The ideal soul on the contrary will be so liberated, expanded. as to draw tomorrow's horizon outside today's, next week's outside this week's, next month's outside this month's, next year's outside this year's, the next life's outside this life's. Yet again, education can be regard ed in the words of President Butler as the bringing of the soul into its com plete inheritance. The real heritage left us by our fathers is not primari ly in material wealth but In the things of the mind no outer titles can se cure. Their joys and sorrows, their hopes and fears, their faith and doubf, their aspirations and disappointments, their thoughts, their efforts, their heart passions, are crystallized in the literature of every generation. Their successive efforts to classify and ex plain the phenomena of the universe lie in the various fields of science and philosophy. The results of their strug gles to achieve themselves i associa tion with each other have come down to us in the institutions of society; their revelings in the picturesque, the sublime and the beautiful are preserv ed for us in the field of aesthetics. Deepest of all in the struggles of the race has been the religious instinct. It has ever laid its hand relentlessly upon the best that men had and written much of Its -history in human blood. Through the ages it has been search ing for three things: A higher power upon whom it could depend, a higher personality with whom it could com mune, an adequate outlook for Its un dying yearnings after immortality This search was perfectly voiced in the cry of Philip, "Show us the Father and it sufficeth us" and perfectly an swered in the reply of Jesus, "He that bath seen me bath seen the Father," which men in all ages since have verified and approved with a universal "amen." In a word.. the heritage of the past is the total experience of the race, deepest, most universal, most abiding of all, their religious experience. Hux ley bids us think of life as a game of chess only we cannot see the one who i playing on the other side. How men and nations have played and won, payed and lost.. what moves, we can not make as well as what we can-to know this is at once to deepen the shallow, strengthen the weak and broaden the narrow life of the Indi vidual. Not only the experience of the past but the race consciousness of the pres ent is among our highest possessions. Each individual is an element in the social mind, in the solidarity of the race and can play his part only by vital touch with the whole. Whether we consider the experience of the past or the present the one all important element in our inheritance, the one which none dare overlook or disregard, is the spiritual. Poor beyond expres sion is the child that gets all else and misses this. We are brought there fore, again, .to appreciate the course of Moses in making God basal in all education and government. But suppose we consider the pro cess of education to be the training 'of the capacities and powers of the soul into complete self .command. This would mean the development of an ever widening range of attention, of tireless concentration of the whole soul on a given point, of resourceful memory, of cleat' and quick insight ln-.i to facts, forces. situations, problems,' one's own opinion into things, of a sense of perspective in relations and Fcomparative values, visible and in visible as they are, the development o1 minute discrimination, of accurate. dispassionate judgment, of logical thinking which goes right to the point, disentangles a skien of thought, "de-1 tecting what is sophistical and dis carding what is irrelevant," the liber ation of a free, constructive imagina tion, of an appreciative, aesthetic < feeling, of an eiestic range of delicat.ei as well as deep emotion, the enthron-1 ing of a yill that counts the doing of the impossible, the glory of living. of faith that rests only in ultimate, final and eternal things, of a hope based on that faith, with an endless outlook, of1 a love that finds its satisfaction only1 in the infinite, the training of powers F of expression, capable of carrying one's< whole message with eloquence andi force by pen or tongue or hand or F brush to that portion of the world to F which he is divine,1y sent. Such a man superior to changing conditions: has in himself resources for repose and peace and happiness. In society he is chaste and elegant, graceful and easy: at home, anywhere, quickly responsive< to any situation, able to enter others' lives and take them into his, with an undying passion and an unconscious I tact for getting all they have and giv ing in turn all he has. In a word, he I has an- active, versatile instinct- for both reality and opportunity.. .,, to deal with the whole range of things, 1 vevry capacity and power, whether at-I rention, insight, disci .ination, Judg ment, thought, imagi" tion, aesthetic sense, emotions, faith Uhope, love. Cx- t pression, social contac or what not. is Paised to its highest power and inspired I :9 move on the highest levels, wvhich we have seen to be the spiritual, for ti Gd is all and in all. Two men go out1 to fell the forest. Passir.g a grinding I stone one pauses to shrapen his axe, the other hasn't time. To the first 1 cutting becomes a joy, a drudge totJ the other. Such is the difference in I prparation for life. But who en:n es- e tiate the loss to him who. in sharpen ing his soul foi' earthly things, dulls it or havely? And a training that leves God out falIls short of the high est. The supmeh emp~lhas:s in the dIe-1 elopmnt of such a soul must thert'< fre he upon those capacities and powers whi':h have to doC with things t 1uce us into the eternal life, whicl ilone prepare us for citizenship no )nlly in the state. but also in the ever lasting kingdom of God. For, what Fver else we are. we refuse to be calle, -hildrein of a day. A thousand fore Cuit-ls of imnmiortality inlspire tha con tidenee that w- are p)ilgrims all. : who arf- right. with (Xod. to a promil]SE' [bod. to a home ntt made with hand! iternal in the heaveiis. That hon as well as this Sh.uld therefore be i view in all our soul processes. Faiti hope. love must then come first in an theory of education, for by faith. whie an the side of intellet is coniVCtioT on the side of will obedience. on tl side of feeling trust, we connect om, selves with God, with the intxhaui!ti ble resources of His kingdom. Some months ago I went through th electric power house at TallaLhasse which supplies light and power fc Montgomery. 30 miles off. I stood be fore a series of dials, whose hands wer restless indicating the amount of pow er drawn off. I could read the recor of every old street car that rattled u a tedious hill or carried a heavy loa There was no perceptible limit to t amount of available powr . Wonklei ing what regulated the inflow of wate here yielding such power. I was show a series of great pipes with automati valves connected with vist acres c water above, these valves letting i exactly the qiantity immediately dc manded. so that the instant answe of the floods above to the call, of th old street car 30 miles away was, "A thy days may demand shall th strength ever be." I said to myse this is a parable of life. Back of an above every heart whose deep. sul conscious self is vitally connected wit God are the measureless floods of Hi infinite sea, whose perpetual inflov regulated by faith, supplements ou weakness with t' e power of omnipc tence. And when life's burdens grow heav: its labors hard, its rough way, its loni teep hills too much for weary fee quick as thought comes the inspirin assurance: "Fear not, I am with thee: oh. be nc dismayed; I, I am thy God, and will still giv thee aid. I'll strengthen thee-help thee, an cause thee to stand, Upheld by my righteous, omnipoter hand." This is the only sufficiency for t1 hope which grows with the advancin years and ultimately ripens In gla fruition. This is also the initial stag of that love whose hungers cannot k fed with any earthly food-whose rc ources cannot be exhausted upon an earthly creature-which cannot come t itself in any earthly atmosphere, bt whose source and centre can be onl in the ever present Father's changE less passion for His children. Ther( fore, only that system of disciplir which brings us into full fellowshi with Him-which provides power f the storm and stress of life-whic opens up an atmosphere and an oui look for the deepest in us to come i its own-which finds us in our findin God-is, in the long reach of tt eternal years, worth while. But there is yet another view of edt cation-that it Is the increasing quar tity and qiality of life, or the intr< ducing of the soul into the abundar life. Aristotle was not wide of th mark when, asked how much educate men were superior to uneducated. 11 replied: "As much as the living ni to the dead!" For I am dead to all do not known-dead to all I cann< think-dead to all I cannot do-dead t all I cannot feel. What, for exampl< would redemption's choral song mea to the birds of: the air, the beasts< the field or the dog that crouches your feet? 'What, after all, is life Whatever it may be in essence, th test of its presence is responsivenes: The wood;-~ the stone respond to noti ing; the plant to one kind of influence the animals to a different kind and greater number; men to yet othE kinds and still greater numbers. Tt man that lives on the mere physics plane, chiefly to physical stimuli; th one who lives chiefly on the intellectt al plane, to Intellectual stimuli; the on who lives mainly on the spiritual pland to spiritual stimuli. The quality of our lives is determine by the kind to which we respond; tla quantit:y, by the number and corr neteness of our responses: the ideal,. responsiveness to the whole range< stimuli and to each class in' it proper proportion. Education multiplies the number our responses-in creases their spee< accuracy and efficiency, and gives 1 each its proper power over us. Whe Jesus called Himself the "Bread < Life," He was saying that He woul so feed the spiritual hungers of me as to develop and regulate their re sponses to the in-finite stimuli of uni versal truth, and He has thus set th~ type for all true education. Ever teacher should be the "Bread of Life to his pupils. To create responsive ness to a narrow range is to make narrow life; to a disproportisonat range, is to make a distorted life therefore, to respond to Nature, in a its variations, to men in all their intex dependencies in all ages, and leave Go out in the making'of a soul, is to mak a soul dead to the highest things her and hereafter, now and forever. Fc the modern psychologists tell us tha the soul is a process-an endless be oming, and when stunned~ or poisQn ed or perturbed in its early begin lings, who can say how or when th onward stream shall cease to carr the effects. We have gone far enough it woul seem, to be able to assert, with you approval, the primacy of religion whic is conscious, dependent upon and omunion with God in any tru theory of education; for to develoi regulate and satisfy every desire bu the deepest and most universal, is t turn out a distor'ted soul; to establis: 3nscious immediate contact with al reality but that which is behind al lse, causing all else-the medium 0 tl else-is to produce a truncated soul to expand the limitations on all sides >ut that from which all else, including he sweetest inspirations and fellow ships come, is to make a contracte< soul; to introduce one into every othe lement of his inheritance but the spir tual is to bring forth an aborted soul :o develop all the capacities and pow trs to the highest efficiency on ever: ther plane but the. religious, hold dow; :hose which look heavenward to thing tarthly, and cut off the source of pow er, can yield only a perverted soul: t< renerate response to every other clas: >f stimuli but the highest is to cre ate a dead soul! Who can contemplate .vitho xt horror, such terrific results rhey- enter an irresistible protes igainst every form of education tha ushes religion into the background hey make an imperative call upon ev ary faculty and every school in ever: and to seek first of all, in theory an< ractice alike, by ever' availabli neans to bring God to every student nd evgry;, student to God. :ht e~oni oa ideal; pfeoples" have' termined thsei >laces in history and that the domi ant religious faith has largely de ermined their educational ideal. .A ~lance at China will remind us tha ier religion is essentially ancestoi vorship, which glorifies the past eaching that whatever has been i; ight. .All her education, therefore s an effort to master the past by de eloping memory, and the result iP miversal stagnation. Meanwhile, ir rlapan. this same ancestor-worshij ouched by the modlern spirit, has tak n the form of aggressive patriotism mud to be a soldier and die for hi; -untry is therefore the goal of ev -r'y youthful ambition and training ith the result. as we know. of mak ng her m'aster of the Orient. In In lii absorption into Nirvana is th' .nd of their religious aspirations, anc heir young are' trained to a dr'eam) i stratified people given over to a neg, t tive subjectivity. Persia's dualis - sought to line up every man on tl side of light against darkness, ar 1 therefori develop only moral jud ments for sharp diserlinination ar - physical strength for war. to tne n1 Iglect of':1 all s-. Thle result wa.s 1 rolf high inor:il ideals-trong ia tial spirit an(d of short life. Thk oaste spirit in ancient Egy :1 producOd a prj-st-eraft that made lar, contributions to civilization, but plan ed seeds of disintegration and dcs I that finally blightod all her --ducatio: al work. and wiped her off the ta e of the earth. In Sparta the God War rulo-l supreme. and the making - soldiers was thEir chief effort .0 elachievement. Athens worshipped t] e beautiful and set thr, standard for c., e tain forms of art for all time. b r went to pieces on the moral side. Rome, the glory of the state was t e religion of all, and practical trainii -for service to the state was the I only national purpose, and nation P disoster was therefore inevitable. In Mohammedan land the rehgi t of the will produces . discipline whi organized heterogeneous tribes into r puwerful people making them the ir rl personation of force. but whose el C is even now in sight. C Coming to later times, education n France had so suffered from effE - religion, that in 1600 Henry IV rec r ganized the University of Paris, a, e so, first in modern times, brought t , state into the field of higher educ Y tion. This was the beginning of formal protest against ecclesiasticis d which, later, helped on the horrors the Revolution, and led the world h throwing the Bible out of the schoo s The sane trend of things in Englar . which promised like results, w r thwarted by the Wesleyan reviv: - Had Voltaire been a Wesley the might have been no French Revol .I tion-no Napoleon-no Louisiana Pu chase, and a far different history Europe and America during the la t century and a half. During all these ancient and mo ern revolutions and evolutions the has been a despised people wanderii over the face of the earth-homele, e friendless-holding themselves hol3 worshipping one holy and righteo d God, basing all the education of th children upon His revelations recor .t ed in Holy Book; making religion t centre of all their society. Wha't b this religious training preserves the e alone, of all the nations they touch( g 1 to tell the story, and gives them d abiding place among men? e So that the relation of education a e religion in America is of tremendo moment to every American. It is r Y education that is to solve our coi 0 , plex problem, but the right kind t education. With all our boasting, o Y only progress since Pericles has be - on the religious rather than on t I culture side, for the masses of tod: e are even below those of his day P intelligence. If we are so unwise r to shift the emphasis from the reli h ious to the intellectual, none can so bold as to guess what a thousa: o years may bring forth. If histo t teaches anything, it establishes t e primacy of religion-not only in ed cation but in social, economic and i austrial life as well. Even the prc ent reign of homicide is traceable the religious unrest abroad in the lar t For back of all our homes-back of , e our institutions, laws and customs d back of all our reasoning-back of e our strenuous moral endeavors-ba e of all of our earnest social servie Iback of everything that is worth kno' ting-of everything that, in the lo: 0 run, is worth doing, is this univers; ,. all-powerful religious instinct. N~ n more education, therefore, but mc Ireligious education, and education th .ti oereligi-ous, is the pressing ne ? f th hour. e Nor is it enough to claim that t I home and the church provide ther ligious training, while the mission the school is to the intellect, and, a a measure, to the morals. For t 7 'years of student life are spent large e away from these influences in a sep L rate community with distinct trat eI tions and customs. and if reached all, must be reached by the college, e Are we to give religion a place 'our State universities which are t: logical outcome of our denmocracy? d answer: e1. The true American spirit, presu -poses it. The American doctrine ' separation of church and state, and religious freedom has been pervert 9 into a pseudo-Americanism. The se aration of religion and the state, den 'ing the former a place in' our schoo and seeking to discredit it in our s 0 ciety. This movement originated n nhere, but in France, whose influen was strong during our formative p d od, and whose revolt against eccle! ' asticism went to the extent of 'a r volt against religion. Nothing -plainer than that the foundations e our government and democratic insi Stutions were laid in religion. Th fundamental, social force was i tended and expected to hold the fir place, not only in the colleges, b e verywhere. Even our silver dolla are now preaching our national fai in God, and we, by decision of 01 highest court, are a Christian natio 2. The momentous issues involved ir per'atively demand it. The purity r-our national life, the permanence t our institutions and of our governme) .as well as our place in universal hi . tory, all await anxiously the answe 3. If half I have said is true, ti State has greater reason to teach r, ligion than anything else. For whi< makes you a better citizen, to be ab to think and subscribe to. a the'nry< r ethics or "to do justly, and to 1o' Smercy, and to walk humbly with i -a God'" e '*4. While the difficulties are g'reat th? .are not insurmountable. It can I t done! Do you ask how? SFirst: Require that every teacher 1 ' religious. The deepest things in li: 1are, after all, "caught and ni 1taught." The personal ele"'ient is ti f most powerful factor in the class-roor ;No man can help giving off the thing ,dearest to him: to be a teacher all is to be a teacher of religion, and tI - religion taught will be the one live I whether one of assertion or negatio) rA course, on ten-penny nails, with - James H. Carlisle, would be worth'moi ;than any course on any subject givE - by .the greatest of the mere technica ispecialists. 1 All that is said may be forgotten, bt Sthe student that for four years liv4 -under the shadow of such a soul wi ever after, when hard pressed, crav back and nestle there, and that soi -will be to him "as an diding place fro: , the wind, and a covert from ;he terr pest; as rivers of water in a d y plac( tas the shadow of a greet rock in Iweary land." Second: Keep the atmosphere of th' school warm with religious aspiratio and devotion. We are all largely socii outcomes-creatures of suggestion. Th mind always tends to act out the in pulses .that come from the atmospher 'dc eiip' riheroe' Anry. our Sof right eaching~ can be cojiteracte .1by influkces that none apn exactl locate, though everybod feels ther Even education by Chr'isan men, ma not be Christian edu 'ion. Third: Put first in* he catal,ogue required course in tlie self-conscious~ ness of Jesus, based (pn the Synoptic! with special referencei to His persont religion, and put it 4n charge of th most powerful personjality money cai secure. Let it be hig work to brin every student under th~e spell of Jesu peculiar sense of and 'fellowship wit God, into vital touch w\ith his uniqu sense of mastery over s~ ir'itual forces of the perfected Kii adomi of Go brought to the world in'his life: of tht realized aspirations of the race in Hir a lone: of the ultimnat@ final, eternn things and forces amrong which h lived. Fourth: Provide the. Y. M. C. A. se.., up-o-ante, t-oruhly equin t ped building-the most attractive oni i . the eampus. and make it the centre .f e the community life and spirit. d By these means God can be broU * t to the students and the students to d God. SYou reniember Mir. Pag ^ - o T% tI a i''o edtt's. how whcn j1 forag ig Swith t ao littlt- regres to supp(rt t r families, they were once arre,ited tid o com:iinded to tell where tile C n se fe derate general was. Ho\v the Jbis t t)l Was drawn upon one of them, ;nd LY how he wondered where the builet wouX(Mld hit. whether the wound wfui id e blot.d, whether they w%ou!d leave Im out tht-re in the dark all night , nd whetht-r his mothetr would come an dkis him, fainted: then camne ou, :and asked: "Am I shot?" How the :t Serit soldier, reninded of his own little -It curly-headed boy in far away Da [n ware, took him up in his arms. kOSed him and set him free. Then that taf ternoon they were (tit off fronm ho-me by the skirmishing battle lines. F el ing their way along the hiflside. tiey he:ird a cry: ',ater! oh some wateI! and found their young Federal offier;< aittin it the root of :. tree, ot a through. They took his qanteen, rail idowl to the creek. filled it: one of them took off his cont and wet it, and they - ran back. gave him water. and bathed his face. Rallying a moment and catching the word home from the . r frightened remark of one of thern about 4 going home. he imagined himself on the 3randywine, his curly-headed boy I a on his knee, and said: "Kneel down m now, and say your prayers for father," leading off with: "Now I lay me down to sleep," which the two littl, Confed-, erates and their two little negro con d. panions repeated after him to the end. as And then he said, "Kiss me goodnight;" -l they kissed him, all four. Then he re wandered among the old scenes till U. he passed away. It was these little boys that tenderly carried him in imagination back home to die. ,st Let the service of these boys suggest the spirit of the rejuvenated South d- Carolina college, henceforth to be a re real university. Rescued from a peri Ig lous past she has now to enter upon is, the greater mission of a new century. On a thousand hillsides in upper Car us olina, where far away mountains open Irjup visions of the Infinite, al9ng the d-midland plains. where low mutmuring he streams call to deeper musings on the ut mysteries of life, beside the sounding M shore where the symphony of the sea d, answers back the ceaseless requiem of in the pines, inviting to measureless reaches of dominion, there will be many ad a 'young man-many a young woman us crying: "Water! oh for some water!" ot Some will be dreaming, longing, strug t- gling, fighting, almost despairing; of some will be shot through, bleeding ur and dying. They will be crying for en help to achieve themselves-crying for he help in the art of living; for that mas ty tery over things, for:es and conditions in which is the soul's true wealth-for as that recognition in their integrity and g- that their true wortli which is the be birth-right of us all-for that knowl id edge which marks out ever-widening ry areas for the soul's conquest, and he martials ever new forces for victory; u- for that sense of the beautiful, which' n- fills the desert wastes of the world s- with "Sweet birds, sweet prospects and to sweet flowers;" for that balancing of d- the soul's elemental energies and mas ter-passions which secures our right ful place in the larger'content of which -ll we are a part, crying for immediate ek contact with the whole range of reality which is the genuine life; .for that ~pushing out of their apprehensive lim Sitations which produces the expanding 'life: for that total inheritance be ot queathed by our Father which gives re the full life; for that symmterical self at command which brings the complete ed life: crying for that responsiveness to the whole environment which is the habundant life; crying, above all, for ethat communion with God which alonei 9I can quiet the restless spirit, quench the n deepest thirst, and bring peace at even-1 yiThe Palmetto State, old and new, I commissions this university, a veritable at high-priestess, to hear these cries and atfoith resplendent with supernal i .glories and clad in the official robes of mi afral priesthood, but in the plain Sgarments ~of the common people, to help bring the answers. In the name of a thousand precious ofmemories, we bid her go! ed E&OV LOWNDES DIES SUDDENLY Is Was Prepa.'ing to Attend Church When 'He Fell From an Attack of o-Heart Dis4ease. ot Cumberand, Md., Jan. 8.-Former I cGov. Lloyd Lowndes of Maryland died ~ suddenly at his hbme here today. t ~ Mr. Lowndes appeared to be in his ~ usual good health and spirits when he is aros: this morning. He left his ofiice 0in tnie Second National bank late yes *9 terday afternoon, went to his home and 1s after dinner spent several hours in the ~1" preparation of an address to be de st livered here at Bishop Paret's t wen Lit tieth anniversary as bishop of the i rs Maryland -diocese of the Protestant c tEpiscopal church. He then awaited ' .the arrival from Clarksburg, W. Va., nof his son, Richard T. Lowndes, who did not reach the home until past mid nig'ht.E The governor retired at about 1 a. tm. He arose at 8.30, took a bath and sbegar. to dress preparatory to attend r ing chaurch services. A sudden fall eattracted the attention of Mrs. Lowndes, who was in the room. She. hsummoned assistance, and the uncon le scious form was placed upon the bed. Physicians v:ere hastily summoned and rwere quickly at the bedside but death 1it 7 had ensued before their arrival. Death I was due to heart failure. > HELD MONSTER MEETING. s > Macon, Ga., Jan. 8.-A special to The o eTelegraph from Dublin, Ga.,says that >over 500 farmers of Luescounty, I tewho are holding 10,000 bales of cotton Ic Sfor better prices, held a monster mass s meeting yesterday, elected delegates to t tthe coming convention in New Or- j eleans, pledged themselves to reduce d.cotton acreage from 25 to 50 per cent, a commended the plan of fornting a great ecottotn-holding trs,Properly bonded; A eendorsed the reouinintroduced by ni Congressman Burleson requiring simul-' taneous i'eports of complete statistics; tI tcongratulated souther'n farmers upon" twhat has already been accomplished, tc sand appealed to the press of the south ht !for aid in the movement inaugurated. T t + . al nMr. John J. Harilee, L- Special to The State.s 01 a oldest son of the late John 3. Harllee, t died -at the home of his aunt, M~iss C eAmelia Harllee here at 4 o'clock on thec emorning of the 6th inst, after an ill n ness that had lasted for sev-eral years. Ic Mr. HarIlee was a native of Florida, e his father being a brother f Capt. ?A: T. Harllee, having, moved: the.e- frmd e this State several -efor~e them t rear L quite a lareaiy,: dIng ithe eldest. Of an intensely en -P Y getic nature and fine business capac-p ' ity he was quick to see tihe advantages c y opened up in Cuba, 4 so as soonti as hostilities were endeld he went to'I a Habana and embarked 114 the hardware I, business. From a business standpoint he had no reason to r'4gret the vent Iture, but he there contracted tubercU e losis andi as SOOn as the true character of his malady was revealed, he at 'once came back to the States, sought j h - + e -1in e U'skub. European Turkey, Jan- 8.- 1E . On December 20th, by order' of Hilmi iof 3 Pasha. the whole mtunic'ipality of U's- i-ne e kub. together with the vicar anid clergy B' a of the vicerale were arr-ested, the ac- id e usation being that they had formed a w< e rvolutionary tribunal. A search of st the homes of the accused was without sI1 r iesult, but all efforts to secure their, to - libct'ation have been unsuccessful. L 'EE DEE RISTORIGAL SOIFY L Course of Lecture4 to be Gij'Cf Aid In the Work-Officers Elected. H-1 ivili:h'. Jan. :?.-A vcr.'i-ni.tt? :' wa s d1ei od upon a n it'tmr"" ai-I D -, Historil ZoLit-y .1 he .th inst. This socity hias Just W1mpleted and will issue sool a n litioi of "Gregg's Hlistory of the 'her:Lws' with much adienda and '-q1t-ions. ami has now entered UPO" 11 M(mlertaking tf vaster importallce >y far for this whole section. and ndr-l for it whole State. The Plai1 s to have the secretary of the soc -ty. who is also the historian. to de iv(r a series of historical lectures hroughout the Pee* Dee section. and at ht same time org.inizo the different oun1ties. towns, and communities into regular system of his!orical research ind collection. The results of this tudy. research ilto. and collection of, he obtainable history of this section vii be gathered and published by -cunties. and this in turn gathered into me ori more volumes which is meant o be accessible to all students and ,vriters of history, bearing on the ;tate of South Carolina or this sectiOln )f the State. It is intended more es >ecially. it may be said, to assist the me who takes up the magnificent work )f McCrady and completes the hi ?ry of South Carolina from 1783 to the oresent time. The committee under whose direc ion the work will be carried on has leerned it advisable to have the lec ures in connection, where possible, vith the local schools, and an appeal s made to both teachers and pupils :o assist in the work. The amount of noney needed for the work will be -aised by charging a small admission ee of 10 cents to these lectures, and iaving the school, in the auditorium )r hall of which it is held, assist in the vay of some very short preliminary recitatioi.s and music. The complete >lans for this work will be unfolded )y the secretary as he goes from ?lace to place, and county organiza ions will be perfected and put intO ictive work gathering the materials for iistory which are here on every side :n abundant if chaotic profusion. Everywhere it is intended to have local )rganizers work under and with the younty organization in collecting and naling readable matters of historic .mportance. Col. Dargan who is the ecretary and the historian of this Pee Dee society as well as professor )f history at the Welsh Neck high ;chool, expects to begin this important xork at once and for that purpose has innounced that the first meeting 'ill e held at the graded school auditori n Friday; the 13th inst., in the town of Eartsville. He will then deliver these lectures at the several towns in Dar ington county, and then in Williams urg, Georgetown. Horry, Florence, tc., until the Pee Dee section is com pletely organized. In time to come ,vhen the work is completed Col. Dar an, as historian, will gather the en ire work into one or several volumes 2onnecting them and commenting iere and there with a running review f his own. It will be recalled that almost the dentical work was done by H. H. Ban roft, a son of the historian, in regard :o the Pacific States, and there now mists as a result of his labors con lucted along much the' same lines a ollection of historical data bearing m the history of 'that section of oufr ~ountry which has been pronounced tbsolutely the most complete and -car ect that any comparat;ively recently I liscovered and set.tled country pos tesses. Bancroft . committee and sub ommittees went into every nook and ~orner of that country and colletced very bit of data obtainable, interview d the pioneers, employed interpreters. mnd searched papers. The accumulated esult is a mass of preceless matei'lal it the. disposal of any or all who write >r study of that section. It .is hoped that encouraged by the example and the results of the work in :he Pee Dee section, that the other >ortions of South Carolina will take 2p a like work on similar lines, and eliver the State of the reproach of illowing an abundance.of priceless his :orical material to lie in absolute dis se or to become irrevocably lost brough indifference and neglect. The officers of the Pee Dee Historical ;ociety are as follows: Maj. J. L. Caker resident; H. M. Ayer vice-presidebt, r. J. Dargan secretary, Bright WiU iamson treasurer. Members of the ~xecutive committee under whose di ection this organizationi for historical esearch will proceed are: W. A. Brun on, Florence; A. G. Kollock, Darling- j on; P. Y. Bethea, Marion; Mrs. D. C. cott, Kingstree; R. B. Scarborough, ~onway; J. H. Hudson, Bennettsville; t. H. McArn, Cheraw; Walter Haz ~ard, Georgetown. LIFE AT COKESBUTRY. Cokesbury, Jan. s.-Pror. F. E. Con ior is attending the exergises of the entennial celebration -of the South ~arolina college, The exercises of the Cokesbury Con erence school were resumed on Tues ay under. favorable auspices Sev rl new pupils will be added to the 'oll next week. The exercises of the public school, ith Prof. Bouknight as principal, rere resumed on Tuesday with a full chool. Miss Lou Gary, who has been visit ng friends here as the guest of Mrs. .S. Fair, has returned to her home n Edgefield. Mr. and Mrs. James Jones are vis ing their daughter, Mrs. John Hum rt, at Honea Path. Miss Maude Merriman and Miss odie Merriman left last week to re ume the exercises of their schools ie one in the Old North State and the ther in Laurens. There were divine services in the resbyterian church on Sunday, con ucted by Rev. J. G. Henderson. Prof. J. Howard Moore has returned y St. George to resume the exercises. his school. PICKENS COTTON GROWERS. Call Is'sued for a Meeting to Form an Organization. Pickens, Jan. 8.--A convention of te cotton growers of Pickens county rho are interested in the movement hold their cotton for living prices" ts been called for Tuesday, Jan. 1(-. te meeting will be held in Pickens d the call is signed by John T. ews Two other calls have been is ied for the formation of farmers' 'tions-one at Pickens, Jan. 17, the her at Easley Jan. IS. It is proposed form a union in every section of the ~unty. These calls are issued by J. C. ribling and occupy about two-thirds a column in the county papers. Fol wing is a part of preamble in the call: Will you continue to plant in doubvt id reap in uncertainty and sell espair? Or will the cotton gro le manufacturer and other. 'ofessions. and demand a pr ,.e~ 'ice for their products?" abr Only about 60 per -cent. 0 th unty's taxes have been collec Ley are coming in slowly at this: time~ is said that many will wait now' t e what the legislature will do abou extension of time for payment. Killed His Employer. Selma. Ala., Jan. 8.--Walter LaW .t Herman ' Beiman. a well rchant here today, the wound g fatal. The shooting occuirre aiman's store. Lawrenc; sts a .e Beiman's. There wvere no eye. -ses. At first it was given 0 t man that the shootnlg was ntal but later when told th >ud probably die. Bdigan atement to the effect that La ot him when being Neused 0 o intimate with his, Beiman' twrence is in jail. - N