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of protecting the life of a prisoner while in his custody; when a sheriff al lows the mob to usurp the law and barbarously take the life of a human being-then there is no question in my n.:nd but that a penalty should be pro vided for such dereliction of duty. I am of the opinion that this should be remedied by such legislation as would inflict a penalty for neglect of such duty, the penalty to include removal fiom office of the offender when such _xtreme measures are rendered neces sary for the proper vindication of the I readily recognize the act that oc casions sometimes arise when the use of troops is necessary. but I am equal ly sure that the growing tendency to ask for such assistance should be stopped. Offenders should be made to understand the fact that no expense will be spare' to bring them to pun ishment. I .ed last year for a special fun suppress lynching, and though r was provided, I felt it my dul- :ertheless. to make an at tel:' "ch and every lynching that h .a red, to uphold the dignity of 1 te in endeavoring to bring the o.L.e, lers to ju.;tice. In order to effect this I have had to exceed my con tingent fund, as I will explain later in a special message. I feel sure that money so expended was well used and will do much to uphold law and order in South Carolina. A special contin gent fud to be used for this purpose .by the governor is. in my opinion, a necessity. and I recommend, there fore, that you appropriate . such an amount as you may deem proper to be so used. I have noticed with much gratifica tion the awakening of a healthy pub lic sentiment against lynchings and law lessness throughout the State and a growing determination that this evil shall cease. Our people are realizing the fact that the reputation of a State as fully determines its influence and power. at home and abroad, hs the character of a citizen determines his standing among his fellow men. We can hope for much from the aroused conscience of public opinion. mani festations of which are reflected in the pulpit and by the press, and echoes of which are heard throughout the State. Especially tr6e and gratify ing is this as is evidenced by the or ganization of Law and Order leagues, ,with members numbered among our representative citizenship. From this source we have a right to expect much, and we will all unite in the hope that their crusade for law and order will have far-reaching benefical and uplifting results. Two Additional Judicial Circuits. Among the measures which I urged at your last session was the recom mendation that you should abolish the .act providing for special courts and that two additional judicial circuits should be established. I am impressed,, snore than ever, with the necessity for the adoption of this recommenda tion. The special courts have for the past two years entailed an expenditure of twice the amount of the appropri ation, and the tendency seems, to be to hold these courts more frequently each year.. For many reasons this plan has not proved satisfactory, andi I believe the demand is general for a repeal of the law. It seems that the necessary woork cannot be accomplished with the present number of circuits, which have not been increased in keeping with the growth of the State and the natural increase in litigation. Realizing the difficulties involved in redistricting the] State so as to secure two additional. circuits, I have tried to devise other means of meeting the situation, but can find none which do not pseem to . conflict with the constitution. I there fore again recommend that the 'num ber of judicial circuits be increased f|rom eight, as at present, t'o 10. and that this be done at the present ses - sion of your body. Formation of New Counties. I desire to call your attention toa manifest conflict between the consti tution of 1895. article vii, providing for the formation of new counties, and the act of the general assembly of 1896, page 64, section 1, incorporated as section 574 of the Code of Laws of 1902. This act provides that the sec .tions of an' old county or counties, de -siring- to be incorporated into a new county, shall simply file with the gov ernor a petition, signed by one-third df the qualified electors, -setting 'forth the boundaries, the -proposed name, number of inhabitants, area and tax able property of the proposed new county, The constitution, however, provides that not only shall such a petition be filed, but that a showing of compliance should be made with the requirement of .the article referred to. In passing upon such matters I have endeavored to follow the c9nstitution,. and have required that a showing be made in accordance with its provi- - sions, but I would recommend that, at1 this session, you amend the statute. law in order that it may conform with -~ the obvious intent and phraseolo~gy of the constitution.. The State Hospital for the Insane. The care of the defective and depen-f dent is one of the most perplexing, problems of modern civi 'zed life. Many States support these ~asses in dis tinct institutions, but in our State they are kept in one only, and it ap' pears that such is to be our policy for years to come. For this reason, with a growing population, we must expect1 a large number of -admissions to the State hospital for the insane, which. sin'ce its opening in 1828, has received lunatics, idiots - and epileptics and-by subsenuent legislation-inebriates. In. 'making comparisons of the~ cost of the care of this institution with those of other States it is well to remember the conglomerate character of our State hospital. In going through the wards of the hospital one cannot but be struck by the large number of old peo-i pIe who cannot be strictly considered insane, but who are really suffering from the infirmities of age. The feel ing of sadness which one must experi ence in contemplating the fact is re lieved oy the reflection that the State thus offers her protection to the aged and helpless to whom fate has denied the blessings of home and loved ones. Nearly 550 new patierits have been admitted during the past year, while the daily average numnber of patients' in the asylum has been 1,210, and the total number under care during the year is 1,710. The erection of the Taylor building two years ago gave more room for white men; in two 'wards, where near ly 70 white women are maintained, are still kept in the same building the ne- I gro women, and the single rooms for this class, inany of them, are occu pied by two patients. The conditions have been .such that the board of re- . gents ihas' felt the imperative neces sity of striving to complete "at once the Talley building, for the exclusive use of white -women. An appropriation of $15,000 was made last year for this purpose, it being then'e understood that' the total cost of -'the building would be about $30.000?.00. This structure tis now r'<!y comG;plet edand wil afod much m-edw re tween,0 and $14,000 still exists, othe necessities of the situa You will be asked by the board of regents to appropriate the sum of $14, OtNs, which amount. in regular routine, would have come before you this year for the completion of the building. and in this request I heartily con cur. The amounts asked by the board for support. insurance and other inci dental expenses appear as reasonable to me a;s they could possibly. be in the circumstances, and I recommend t-hat the amounts be appropriated as requested. I cannot close this brief summary without sincerely commend ing the excellent care and management -which iss given to this institution by the super tendent and his coworkers. Here are united tender sympathies. thoughtful \consideration and practical business abity, thus maki4ng this asy 'N 4 lum, in the strength of its higest needs, fill well the humane purp:ses for which it is maintained. Penitentiary. In reference to the condition ofthe penitentiary. I would refer you tothe reports of the superintendent andthe board of directors. During the astf two years I have availed myself ofDP portunities to observe this 'instittion closely. and am glad to say the it is excellently managed. The con,Cts are well treated, and the disciplir is equal to that of any similar ins-tU tion. The health of the inmates. -ith the exception of some cases. of tuer culosis-many of which were contzet ed before the convicts were comldt ted-has been excellent during the tast year. A new building has been nerly completed, as quarters for the offlers and guirds, and I understand tha it is the intention of the board d ng the present year to make another'IL I uable addition, a building in which victs suffering from tuberculosis- .y be separated from the others. I s the purpose to have this building structed upon modern hygienic .Sd sanitary principles, and 1 am to note that from year to yea lipprovements are being added as to make this a model institution S kind. Abundant crops have been e upon the State farms. .and from' e crops the State has realized a some profit. The farms are va e for more reasons than one; for sides being a paying investment,. victs who cannot be employed upon the public roads or in - the tentiary can be here utilized. I w especially commend the work wr is being done at the reformatorycor young convicts. This is one of the st features of our penal institution. nd should be maintained -as a valule adjunct tp our prison system. In this connection. I have noted with much gratification a movemeniby thp South Carolina Federation of 'ro men's Clubs for the establishmenlof an industrial school and reformatrY for such white boys as may need:he care of such an institution. If ttse unfortunate ones, . drifting into a grancy and degre.dation. could be ip ed and strengthened by the traiingt and care of such a school, untold od, would be accomplished. Not ely would they be kept from associaon I with hardened criminals, but shelted and feeling that they were cared ar, -with uplifting and helpful influes, many drifting ones could be traied for lives of service and usefulrps. There is needed work to do, and ev* a small beginning now would bring frit ful results in years to come. State Board of Health. Experience has clearly shown ie that the -manifold duties and great e sponsibilities devolving upon lis , board are- neither understood, nor re1 they properly appreciated, by theV lic generally. Constant calls are 'a. upon the board, which, were ,they sponded to In the manner 'des' would require the expenditure ot 'much larger sum than is no*-a ated. Under such circumstacesi matter 7how faithfully the m endeavor to perform their- duty5, t -cnnot satisfactorily accomplih they are asked to do. The' p difficulty confronting them is they are so often expected,-not o prevent the 'spread of contaglous eases, but are asked to care- far cire those suffering from such eases, which procedure would''entaI $ enormous expense. With the ap tdtion they have had at .their dis~ to prevent the spread 'of' con diseases is all they .can be expec " accomplish. How this can best be is a question to. be .coxlsidered~. report of the Board contains. 1 ments of grave importa;nce," a has a number of reconimendat careful rejading of this report will that the proper care of the publid:, is a matter of much greater im than is generally thought. VI that mores efficient service voul~ rendered w the board empoweredr elect a phys'feian,--as an ? " retary, giving this officer ~J~~saly as would enable him to dev'ote his n tire time to matters concerning ie' public health. If no larger appropn tion can be secured, rather than hae this prevent the election of such 'ni. officer, I believe it would 'be 'wise oi have set apart from the' present 'appo priation such an amount as would3e necessary for this purpose. The board recomnmends.that the qur antine stations in the State be trais ferred to the 'United States Pu ic' Health and Marine" Hospital Servie, and, for many reasons,'in this reeui mendation I concur. State Board of Medical Eaminerij This Board desires certain chans in the law governing the practice ~ medicine in the State, which chans appear to me to be most desira. Our Dresent law requires the board meet in April, but the request is. maj that 'this date be changed to 'June, ~r .the reason-that all of the colleges 1r~ then have* finished their commen4 ments. It is also desired that 'the ~ cense fee, which Is now very small, -e increased to a reasonable amount. Tlhs will warrant an increased appropri -! tion, amounting to -'$500.00, whi<h amount' is needed to defrqy the e4 penses of this' board. I' join in these requests and recon mend that the -changes be made. The State Geologist. The establishmnent' of this departmeit a few 'years ago was ant. importait move, where such a step was certalny necessary. The full and complete' r* port made by State Geologist 'Sloam merits your careful attention. Here a3e clearly shown the vast and valuabe mneral resources of our State, veiy many of which are practically unde veloped. Some of these 'deposits ha'e no"~equal of their kind in the Unital States, and are attracting attention *i 'many directions where profitable r suits must follow. Phosphate rock, in the form of pho,I phatized marl, torn from the bed gf the ocean by the waves, and strandad along the beach, has been discover41 in Horry county. This contains 57 per cent. of calcic potash, and the bouldets are large, with prdmise of large qual tities on adjacent territory. In gold mining the activity and ir crease is n'farked, and a study of tle Gaffney tin deposits, "which const tutes the most valuable tin area yet discovered in the Ulted States," re veals again tne~ growing and fruitful development of a splendid field. The State geologist is zealous in h.s work, and is actively and systemati cally canvassing the entire State in his labors. It is expected that h.s good work will be further enhanced by the early cooperation of the UnitEd States geological survey in the work of stream measurements. Railroad Comi 'n. The annual report mi this in' portant department our State .got enent will befndoyures, and I commend t orcnie~ tion. The re otismc able infonerngwh is not. r, me to 'ref. appear an aet - income fMn raifroads taxes paid Ef these corporationsdsu~ ilar statem-ents' are 3nxade concernir the operations of the express, telt graph and telephone companies doirg business within our State for the fisl year ending June 30, 1904. -The man tude c-f these interests, from allf their varied standpoints, is self-evident, and any recommendations contained in this report should be carefully exam ined and acted upon. Good RoadN. Last, year, in my message. I felt it necessary to dwell at some length upon the subject of our public highwa3s, and I recommended such legislation as would give the counties the riglit, by majority vote, either to issue bond.s, or to levy an annual tax for road lIn this important matter and I now re- wi new my former recommendation. lqu This is a subject of the utmost im- lib portance to all the people-a subject in col which is included much more than the th( improvement of otir roads. The ben- pe efits to be derived, from any point of an view, are numerous. and strong bus- St iness considerations make it impera tive that this valuable work should be! properly attended to. Pensions. The largest appropriation made by W your body is for the care of the Con federate veterans. This amount seems large when compared with the total 1 appropriation, but when viewed in an other light we cannot but feel that we would like to do much more for the old soldiers who in years that have gone did so much for their State and their country. The total number of pension ers on the rolls this year was S,554. and gil $197,309.42 was the amount distributed w amhong them. The law. generally sa] speaking, is working satisfactorily, but pai in reference to certain classifications it gr< is believed that improvement can be col made, and the comptroller-general vis will specifically direct your attention sel to the proposed changes. , Anything an pertaining to the proper <lare of the veterans of the Confederacy will. I ' am sure, have your most thoughtful ha consideration. We owe them a deep th( and lasting debt of gratitude, and to an care for those who. in their old age pa; and declining days. need this care, ho should be. as it is, a privilege and ,,ne be] of the first duties of our people. cot Biennial Sespions. col At your preceding session an th( amendment to the constitution pro- I viding for biennial sessions of your be body having been agreed upon. it was w l submitted to the qualified electors of hol the State at the general election. a'ma- noi jority of whom voted in favor of this 1st amendment. Believing as I do that cee biennial sessions will afford all neces- po! sary legislation, and will result in a in retrenchment of expenses, I trust you tul will ratify this vote in order that the for amendment may become effective. th( Should this be done, you should, at no this session, take such action as may thi: be necessary to adjust and conform N Dther parts of our constitution and to tatutory law to the change wrought we by the enactment providing for bien- fac rial sessions. 1 pON In this connection I shall submit a go( recommendation which I deem most inu mportant. For many reasons it would cla be wiser and better to have all of your ou State officers elected for a term of; W( .our years, not allowing them to suc- cor eed themselves. The reasons for such the i change are obvious, and do not need cer to be here discussed. The expense and ton iecessary neglect of duty incident to Ian( 3onducting -a campaign every two years ch. is alone almost sufficient reason for the an< proposed change, and the people should cot lso be'spared the loss of time and the ,Vi inconveniences -of too frequent cam- iml paigns. I am firmly convinced of the he] fact that the best interests of the fit State -would be subserved by making be this change in our constitution, and I to recommiend it to your favorable ac- C tion. tor Phosphates. ful I regret to report to you that the be mining of phosphate rock in our rivers th( ias,- for the present at 'least, practi- wh :lly- ceased. Only two companies are hol no* at work and operations are con- N 3ucted to a limited degree. In the vi- aci Anity of Beaufort no work whatever wa Is:being done. ha , Du'cng'the past year several appli- soy eatfws were made for a reduction of SpI te-Toyalty, which is now 25 cents per vai t.- The board of phosphate commis- que sioners. after considering the matter, thi eclined to grant this request for the iml reason that the royalty is now so small mc tat' no further reduction would be wil likly to encourage mining. An addi- de< tisorma reason for this was the fact cre that the royalty has been pledged to rec he holders of the bonds of the State, ne: a) :the board felt that without their m~ consent they would not be justified in mnaking the reduction requested. A to- wa tal' royalty of only $10,784.00 was re- Iov eeived for. the last fiscal year. riv Potection of Fish and Oyster Interests. mt Trhese interests are of far more Im- at portance to our State than seems to a be realized, and at present they are er practically neglected. It should be the far policy of -the State to develop these re- for sourices by affording that protection lar which is absolutely necessary to pre- cul vent them from being destroyed. With au; proper. care these iliterests could begr rade a valuable source of revenue to th' the State. The difficulty in legislating Ithe upon this subject has always been a no lack of -such information as was neces- e sary to make efficient and at the same in time practical laws. Until such in- me formation can lle furnished and such a laws suggested nothing, in my opinion, fai will be done. I recommend, therefore, wt that a commission be appointed whose -ba duty it shall' be to make a thorough mt examination of this subject, to report qu at your next session- pa Silk Culture, us The United. States, with an annual toi product amounting to about $125,000,- in< 000.00. is the largest silk manufacturing fe, country in the world. It phas been Ido practically demonstrated that our we climate is admirably adapted to silk . culture, and if this were undertaken ar; pi-operly it would result in bringing a w most desirable class of foreign silk *of growers here. All necessary materialsgr for silk culture can be obtained free, me and the government will buy, at high- the est market rates, all cocoons raised qu 'm the United States. In 1902 the cocoon crop of Italy sold for $35,615, 400.00, and this - value "of cocoons is' more than quadrupled when manu- T factured. A silk crop can' be raised, gathered and marketed In five weeks, 3 and in South Carolina this would be era finished by the first or second week in pr< As a profitable and desired addition die to our diversified crops, I think this ] an important sub.iect for our careful fr< consideration.] grhe Dome of the State House. di: During the past year the commission on 'for the completion of the State house reported- to me that, in the discharge th of their duty, they had cause to fear m< that the dome of the State house was ( in an unsafe condition. The commis- de sion requested me to take immediate ] steps to have the dome examined. By dil agreement, it was decided that I gr should apply to the secretary of the ; treasury to secure the services of a,b competent engineer for this purpose. I tu did so. and the secretary promptly ] aided me by sending Mr. Kort Berle- tri chief structural engineer in the office of the supervising architect of the de tre'asury~ department. th Mr. Berle made a careful examination and reported that the dome was safe, or, which report I transmitted to the com- fr< miseon. ar Protection of State Records. li( The secretary of State asked last . year for an appropriation, to be used lal in suitably equipping his office with w: fireproof record cases. The offices of in the State treasurer and -of the comp troller-general: also stand -much in need se: of simiular improvement. Valuable doc- ini uments of Stpate are kept intese offi-' I o . -' uns matter w your at :' ~ a I recommend that fo yon z.propr'iate the amounts necessary. he - Conclusion, la1 In as brief space as possible I have to endeavored to give you information di: concerning the most important depart- TI ments of our' State government, and g) have made for your' consideration such ri, recommendations as appear to me .to be necessary and important. I rejoice ta to add that progr'ess and prosperity th continue to bless us, with the uplift- or in inleces that come from the ear- t nest labors of a united people. The L welfare of South Carolina is largely in your keeping and much hope for her' future will depend upon the re suits of your deliberations. There was thi ong'e a temple erected wvith no sounds 01 of the tools of labor, with no confu- ni sion of haste and disorder. without noise in. -a strife. Imbued wvith this spirit, al! th united zeal and devotion may you it yourselves like men, may your de erations ada to the upbuilding of our iimonwealth; may they contribute to reign of law and order. to the ice and happiness of our people, d to the dignity and honor of our D. C. HEYWARD, Governor. [LL HELP FARMERS TO HOLD THEIR COTTO rginin-Cnrolina Company's President xives Instructions to Agents--Less Aerenge Itecommended. T. Morgan. president of the Vir 1ia-Carolina Chemical company, has 'itten 'a letter of instruction to the es division managers of the com tiy which is of interest to cotton >wers because of the information itained. Mr. Morgan does not ad e farmers eith(r to bold cotton or 1, but he does adviSe less acreage i cultivation. He says: "he treasurer of this company is ring so many requests to extend notes of some of our customers d patrons, who have not finished ring their bills, and who desire to ld their cotton. stating that they ieve they will get more for the ton later on, that this company has icluded to issue a general letter on subjest, as follows: ny farmer or merchant who may owing your division money and to has cotton which he desires to Id. you are at liberty to extend, his te for him for six months from Jan. , with interest at the rate of 6 per it. per annum, provided he will de ;it sufficient cotton to pay the note any reliable warehouse and will n over to you warehouse receipts same. You are authorized to pay insurance on said cotton and make charge against your customer for s item. Ve do not pretend to offer advice our customers to hold cotton, but do intend to offer them every ilit' and accommodation in our ver to hold their cotton, if4 in their )d judgment. it is best. Whatever .res t-o the benefit of the agricultural sses of the south is to our benefit; interest is identical with theirs. are more closely and intimately Lnected with the cotton grower of south than any dozen other con ns combined. They are. our cus iers in the purchase of fertilizers, I we are their customers in the pur se of cotton seed. We both sell I buy of them, and deal in every ton growing county from Texas to ginia. Therefore, anything that will prove the agricultural conditions or p the farmer must necessarily bene us, and if holding their cotton will a benefit to them, it is our desire aid them in this as far as we can. )ther farm products, aside from cot t, appear to us to be selling at very I values, and we believe it would wise in the farmers to sell any of ir other surplus farm products ich would materially aid them in ding their cotton. Ve also are of the opinion that the -eage last year devoted to cotton s too large, and that it never could re been cultivated in a normal sea . The good weather during the ing enabled the farmers to culti :e every acre they planted; conse mtly the tremendous big crop of s year. As ordinarily it would be possible to cultivate sucn an enor us acreage, we believe it would be e in them this year to materially rease the acreage. If it was de ased 10 per cent. it would mean a uction of mnore-than a million bales tt year, even if the crop yielded as ich per acre as it did this year. t strikes us that what the farmer nts is to make his cotton at the rest possible cost. The profit de ed from growing cotton is not so ch the price of cotton as the cost which the crop has been grown. ties and horses are high, much high than a few years ago; the price. of 'm labor is high and scarce. There e every acre cultivated means a ge expenditure.- It costs more to tivate an acre of land growing a arter of a bale of cotton, than one >wing a bale. In the latter instance Splant soon grows up and shades Sland, consequently the grass does t grow so rapidly or luxuriantly. Che cheapest item that can be used the production of cotton is com ~ria1 fertilizers used liberally. With liberal application of fertilizers the rmer can grow a bale of cotton tere he has heretofore grown hal! a le, and do it with the same cost of iles and labor, and the additional antity of seed grown will more than y for the extra amounmt of fertilizers ed. Therefore, encourage your= cus ners to reduce their acreage and to yrease the amount of commercial 'tilizers per acre, believing as we that this is the way and the only Ly to raise cheap cotton. rhe south must continue to produce Sund 11.000,000 bales of cotton or they 11 find in a year or two the balance the world competing with them in Diwing this staple and our foreign rket largely supplied from sources at now produce but a limited antity. WORK OF BEAUFORT COURT. tree Persons were Convicted for Vio lating the Dispensary Law. Beaufort, Jan. 8.--The court of gen 11 sessions, Judge D. A. Townsend esiding, convened here on Monday rning. The following cases were posed of: Kit Byas, found guilty of larceny >m the field, recommended to mercy. ee Johnson, guilty of violating the spensary law, $100 or three months chaingang. Warren White, guilty of violating e dispensary law, $100 or three >nths on chaingang. 3eorge Singleton, charged with mur r, not guilty. Eannah Adkins, guilty of violating spensary law. Motion for newv trial anted. ohn Williams, guilty of assault and ttery of a high and aggravated na re. Sentence reserved. Eenry Williams, guilty of breach 0f st, $1 and one year on chaingang. 3eorge Middleton, cahrged with mur r, not guilty. W. S. Tillinghast for e defense. Dn Tuesday his honor signed an der excusing Solicitor Jas. E. Davis >im further attendance upon court d appOinted Hon. Win. J. Thomas so. itor pro tem. Alonzo McClain charged with grand rceny, was granted a continuance, .th permission to enter recognizances the sum of $250. he grand jury made a special pre ntment against S. S. Deas for carry g a concealed weapon in court. His nor referred the -case -to Magistrate ite, who; fined Deas .$22.90),includ t ing thensary law wer4 und guilty. As feV convictions hay' retofore been obtained for such vio ions, the convictions are considered indicate that tnere is a growing sposition to have violators punished. is meets the hearty approval of al) Lio believe that the law should b4 idly enforced. - The grand jury's presentment con ins matters of special importance tc e county's welfare, and is considered le of the most lucid and pointed ir e history of the county. Mr. Juliai >pez was foreman. New York, Jan. 8.-The members of e chorus of the Metropeiltan Grand >era company who were injured last ght by the collapse of a bridge dur g the first act of "Carmen," wert SOUTl CAROLIN LUMINOUS ID Mr. Wm. A. Barber of NeA of Interest In Cc College'. Following is the address delivered last night at the State house by Mr. WVIr. A. Barber of _New York, gradu ate of the elass of 18S9 at the South Carolina college and subsequently at torney general of the State of South Carolina: I can not proceed without first ex pressing to my fellow members. of the Clariosophic society my keen apprecia tion of the invitation which calls me from the busy scenes of professional life in a distant city to participate in these pleasant exercises. To those bearing close relation to the South Cayolina college, whether as trustees, members, of the faculty, stu dents or alumni, this celebration is of peculiar interest. To the trustees, it is an inspiring reminder that they are the successors in trust of John Dray ton. Charles C. Pinckney, Henry W. DeSaussure, the first Wade Hampton mid their associates on the board under whose direction the college was opened. Upon members of the facult,, it must impress an ennobling sense of the re sponsibility of those who sit in the places of Jonathan Maxe:r and Enoch Hanford. To her foster sons,. it brings memories of tender associations in the days of our youth and we gladly gath er on her centennial birthday to lay garlands of affection in the lap of our alma mater. But the occasion has a broader and more general significance. It com memorates the laying of the corner stone in a system of intelligent public instruction through which the State be came a power for the upbuilding of her people. Origin and Founding of the College. Rolling back the curtain of history a little more than a century, we see South Carolina divided into two dis tinct sections, socially and politicall,. antagonistic. In the lower country, the English along the seacoast, the French Protest ants on the Santee, the German Pro cestants on the Edisto, the Irish in Williamsburg and the Swriss on the Savannah had in three generations been moulded into one people, united in purpose and harmonious in, sym pathy. Their planters had become'weal thy; their merchants were prosperous: their homes were refined and their chil dren were educated. Many of their sons had graduated from the leading uni versities of Europe and the colleges of the north. The upper country, now the pride of the State, boasted no such attainments. While lower Carolina was enjoying its first century of civilization, the wood clad hills and fertile valleys of the up per country remained the habitation and hunting ground of the Cherokees and Catawbas. Save for a -few hunters, trappers and Indian traders, settlement of the region north of Columbia did not begin until about 1750. But in the years immediately following, the influx of settlers was great and population rapidry increased. From the southward a colony of Hu guenots moved into the western section, while into all upper Carolina poured trains of immigrants, chiefly Scotch Irish, but including somei Quakers and Germans moving from the north. Each brought fixed, social, political and re ligious views, disagreeing among them selves, and all hostile to the views of the people in the lower section. To assimilate all these different and differing elements into a homogeneous citizenship was the most serious prob lem of that day. Sagacious statesmen saw that not only the progress, but the very safety of the State, depended up on educating and unifying the peo ple. The first effort in this direction was the establishment in 1785 of three colleges, one at ,Charleston, one at Cambridge, and one at Winnsboro. Of these, the first two signally failed and the progress made by the third scarce ly justified its existence. But the re sult proved the futility of several sepa rate institutions and suggested the necessity of one central college, to be controlled and supported by the State, where young men from every section and of every creed should be taught to lay their prejudices on the altar of patriotism and drown their differences in a fount of common knowledge.. In 1801, Gov. John Drayton urged up on the legislature the establishment of such- a college at Columbia. Chancel lor DeSaussure, then a member of the house, introduced the bjill, which, though it met with strong opposition, was passed on December 19, 1801. In February of the following year, the board of trustees organized and began their work. Impressed with the im portance of their task, they gave earn est thought and constant attention to It. By successive steps a site was selected, suitable buildings were con structed, a working organization was planned, a curriculum was arranged and on January 10, 1805, 100 years tomor row, the South Carolina college opened her doors, over which was inscribed that comprehensive and prophetic mot to "Emollit mores nec simit esse feros." The hope of her founders was to be speedily realized. Students from every section carried home and spread the seeds of patriotic impulse from which the State reaped a rich harvest. Edu cated intelligence asserted itself. Con tention ceased. Dissention disappeared. Sectionalism subsided. The people were united and the State prospered. In hms famous letter to Gov. Manning in 1853, Dr. Thornwell said: "Those who have walked tog 2ther in the same paths of science and taken sweet coun sel in the same halls of learning. wvho went arm in arm in, that hallowed sea son of life when the foundations of all e'xcellence are laid; who have wept with the same sorrows or laughed with the same joys; who have been fired with the same ambition and lured with the same hopes and grieved with the same disappointments-these are not the men in future years to stir up animosity or foment intestine feuds. Would you make any commonwealth a unit? FAucate its sons together. This is the secret of the harmony which so remarkably characterized our State. It was not the influence of a single mind , great as that mind was; it was no tame submission to authoritative dictation. It was the community of thought, feeling and character achieved by a common education within these walls. Here it was that heart was knit :u heart, mind to mind and that comn mon character was formed." Time permits no more- than passing 1has was tl ommTt~m us of thr- nfant institution. Tothing con tributed mcre to the early success of the cosllege than the confidence which the reputation and character of Dr. Jonathan Maxcy inspired. He came with broad executive experience added to his native~ genius and profound learning. At the age of 24 years, he Ihad been elected president of Brown Iuniversity, his alrma mater, and ten years later became president of Union college, which position hr. held at the time he was called to Scuth Carolina. "Wise in his prime, he waited not for noon. Convinced that mortal never lived too soon." Dr. LaBorde has said of him, "In his mind were to be found inl harmonious adjustment all the elem3nts to con stitute the man of taste, the poet, the scholar, t.ae philosopher and the ora tor. ''i tnoken of the es!eem in which A COLLEGE ACHIEVEMENT. r York Presents Some Facts nnection With the History. Dr. Maxey was held by students of the college who knew 11nm, stands the monument to his memory, erected in the middle of the canipus. by the socie ty for which I have the honor to speak this evening. Literary Soevies. Since the days of the iyceum at Athens, wherein Aristotle taught his peripatetic philosophy, all systems or great institutions of learning have in eluded associations for promoting free interchange of thought and unfettered exercise of intellectual powers. Follow ing the example of the universities of Europe and earlier established colleges in this country, the first students of the South Carolina college organized such an association under the name, "Philo mathic Literary Society." Of this or ganization there is no compiete record. The historian of the college says. "This was sufficient for all the wants of the infant institution, but as the number of students increased, the policy of di viding it into two became apparent an accordingly in February, 1806. the Clari osophic and the Euphradian societies were or.anized." The manner of their separation is an interesting incident in college history. in the Philomathic society were two brothers, James and Joseph Lowry of Chester. who were selected by their associates to be leaders in the scheme of division. All the students assem bled on the campus, where the Lowry brothers "threw head and tails for first choice" and by alternate selection made up the rolls of the Clariosophic and Eu phradian societies. The fraternal spirit of that parting, unbroken by years of generous rivalry, tonight marks their joint centennial jubilee. Mr. President: If I were asked what feature of college life I consider of paramount importance to the average student, I should unhesitatingly reply, active membership in a well-conducted literary society. In the class room, he may learn the truths of history, the dogmas of philosophy, the theories of science, the principles of mathematics and the etymology of lahguages. In the library, he may open a storehouse of literature and a treasury of art. In the laboratory. he may unfold nature's secrets and learn the laws of their com bination. In the gymnasium, he may develop a vigorous body, the necessary concomitant of a strong mind. - But in the literary society he finds a great arena for mental athletics, where the training of all departments is subject ed to the strain of impartial test. There the student first learns to measure his fellow man and comes the--better to know himself. There his genius is fired by the flame of honorable com petition and he realizes that "mere possession of scientific truth is for its own sake valueless; and education is only education is as much as it at once determines and enables the student to educate himself." "Man, who man would be, Must rule the empire of himself-in it Must be supreme, establishing his throne Of vanquished will, quelling the an archy Of hopes and fears, being himself alone." IThe joint lhtory of the Clariosophic' and the Euphradian societies in large measure constitutes the history of the college. It is divided by stirring events into three periods. IDuring the first period, covering an uninterrupted' span of nearly three score years. the administrations of Presidents Maxcy, Barnwell, Preston and Thornwell gave growth, strength and stability to the college. Barnwell, Preston, Thornwell! What a succession of great names! Barnwell--"himself a statesman-the comrade of' senators, the counsellor of presidents, and the trusted friend of heroes. To the State, his counsel was the voice of wisdom. To his pupils his praise was honor, his approbation was strength, his sym pathy was life and hope." Preston-the popular idol, the powerful orator, the profound scholar. It was of him that Bishop Elliott said: "My tongue can not express the charm which has 'al ways hung around the name of Pres ton, the charm to the young, the charm to the people, the charm to admiring senates. It demands his own felicitous language. None but the swan can sing his own dying note." Thornwell--the eloquent divine, the eminent theolo gian, the exemplary teacher. His deep religious conviction, waim and earnest nature, magnetism of speech and great learning make him a leader in the church, his influence a power for good in the world and his life a benediction to the college. Monuments of 'stone and marble may decay and tablets of bronze and brass may perish, but neither the forces of nature nor any act of man can destroy such a great example of public and private virtue. From 45 students at the beginning of 1806O the attendance increased until the enrollment under Mr. Preston excceed ed 200. But the course was not all clear. The administration of Dr. Coop er, the second president, was a rock r' danger, threatening wreck to the in stitution. Despite his almost entranc ing personality, wonderful intellectual attainments, unstained moral char acter and unquestioned patriot ism, the people feared his theories and shrank from his irreligious teachings. IPatronage was withdrawn from the college until the number of students~ was reduced to 20. For a time the very life of the institution was in danger. But Dr. Cooper retired, and, under the wise administration of his successors, confidence was restored and threatened ruin averted. A career of progress was resumed to be interrupted only by the dark shadow of civil war, when in response to their country's call, Drofes 'ors and students deserted the class room for the tented field. All exercises were stopped and for four years the college buildings were converted into a hospital for sick, wounded an dying soldiers. Reconstricetion Period. With the ending of that struggle, the State, though impoverished by the de vastating hand of war, hastened to give of what remained, sufficient to re-I open the c'llege. A bill "to establish' th'e University of South Carolina" was introduced by the late Honorable Char les H. Simonton, then a member of the egsaue, and passed December 19. 1865.aMr. Barnwell was again elected 1resden r.and under his wise and con servative ,management the university continued,.even in those turbuler,t times until 1873.: When we recall that, during a part' of this time the Radica.1 jggis lature- was convened .on the cdgip7e senate in tne library, using th& iun. ture from the society halls, we can bet-2 ter understar d the extrenhe difficulty under which the college IaboEred. Both literary societies were openj~ through out this period. The Clarioa'ophic soc ciety added to her rolls'ithe names of 111 men, many of whom now hold positions of prominence and 'distinction. The roll of the Euphradian society for the same period contains names equally honorable and important. Fellow Clariosophics, the record of our society from 1873 to 1882 is written in two words, "Rolls lost" Need I say in this presence, that these words stand for the vandalism of the scalawag and carpetbagger? May we not -turn with out comment from the dusk of that desecration to witness the dawn of a brighter day? Last Reorganization. When by the force of combined in ~t'lligence, the State had been rescued I from the ruin of alien misrule and Carolina's "grand old man," Wade Hampton, sat in the executive chair. attention was again directed to higher education. In 1SS0 the college was reopened as lie "College of Agricultural and Me -hanical Arts," under which name it was conducted for two years. In 1S2 an additional appropriation was made and the college reestablished on old lines. Dr. McBryde was chosen presi dent and with him as members of the faculty were Professors Woodrow. Pat ton. Joynes, Burney, Sloan, Alexander nd Davis. What memories spring from the as ociation of these names! They were al my revered masters and I cannot .ass them without an expression of rateful remembrance. Oie now pre ides over a splendid institution in a ister State. Two havr retired from the ctive labors of life. carrying with them into their declining years, t!.e affectionate regard of every man who sat at their feet. Three. yet in full vigor and strength, continue, after more than 20 years, to serve the college land State with marked ability. Two 'William J. Alexander and R. Means :Davis-havi been called to the great 'beyond. Who of those who entered his class room can fail to remember Dr. Alexander as a deep-thinking philosopher who tested truth in the vrucible of reason, and a scholar to ivhom logic was law? TheAast. Prof. -Davis, left us but as yesterday. His nlame will be written in the annals of the college as an accomplished histori an and a leafied economist. To his students he was all that and more. He was our genial. kind, warm-hearted friend, ready to advise. reluctant to censure and always willirg to assist is. Such was the faculty with which the college began its third period. Events during the administrations of Presidents McBryde, Woodrow, Wood ward and Sloan are too recent to de mand or Fven justify recital at this time. Nor is it appropriate to discuss the success already attained in busi ness and professional pursuits by men so lately graduated. But I owe it to my contemporaries to say that we of the younger alumni yield naught to our older brethren either in admiration for our preceptors or esteem for our as sociates. It is for the'historian to say what names connected with the pres ent'period shall in the future be coup led with those of earlier days wbom we delight to honor and whom "the world will not let die." In looking back over some of the names which adorn the college roll, I make no apology to either society for not distinguishing between Euphra dian and Clariosophic. Their achieve ments are a joint heritage of both so cieties. Their lives are like petals from the same flower, lines from the same poem. Everywhere we see them-in the councils of the nation. in public offices of the State, on the bench, at the bar, in the pulpit, at the Jedside, in the class room and on the battle field. Of those prominent in national af fairs, the nanfes of William Harper, George McDuffie, Hugh S. Legare, Wm. C. Preston, Franklin H. Elmore, James H. Hammond and Louis T. Wig fall attract attention. In the executive chamber of the State sat Richard I. Manning, William H. Gist, Wm. Aiken, John Peter Richard son, Francis W. Pickens, Milledge L. Bonham, John H. Means, Thomas B. Jeter and the immortal Wade Hamp ton. Wearing the judicial ermine with dis tinction were O'Neale, Harper, the two Wardlaws, Johistone, Evans, Darga, Earle, Butler, Caldwell, Glover, H fger and Whitner, and at a later day, Moses, Haskell, Simpson, McIver, Mc Gowan, Hudson, Townsend, Melton, Witherspoon, Wallace, Fraser and Gary. The federal bench in earlier days was graced by Gilchrist and Magrath and later by Chas. H. Simnonton and Wil liam H. Brawley. Among this host of distinguished lawyers, the names of two men who, never held political or judicial office stand out with conspic uous prominence-James L. Petigru, the foremost jurist of them all, and James H. Rion, a worthy associate. To the church went William Capers, Basil Manly, James H. Thoi-nwell, William Brantley, Stephen Elliott and Whitefoord Smith. To medicine and surgery were given men like J. Marion Sims, 'rezevent, Porcher, Gibbes, Huger, Talley, Wylie, and Taylor. In the class room James W. Hudson, James H. Carlisle and John M. Mc Bryde challenge our unstinted admira tion. Names from that roll are co'nspicu ously written in the records of nyve'~ wars. The second Wade Hampton serv-N ed with Jackson at New Oi-leans. Ben jamin Elmore held a commission in the Florida war. Pierce M. Butler fell at the head of the Palmetto regiment in Mexico. James .C.' Bonhamn was among the heroes of the Alamno.Eighteen gen erals v are furnishe to the' Confederate service. Their nameP, Hampton, Butler, Gary, Wharton, Bratton, Gregg, Ken nedy and their comrades, are house hold words in all Carolina. In the re cent war with Spain, one of these, Gen. Matthew C. Butler was honored by the President of the United States with a commission as rnajor general in the United States army. These are but a few of the thousands whom the college and societies have helped from the darkness of ignorance into the light of knowledge and sent out into all the walks of life impressed with the responsibilities of good cit izenshIp and equipped to discharge its highest duties. Future Duty. And, now, after the lapse of 100 years, the State rests under no less obligation and necessity to educate her youth than when the legislature said' "The establishment of a college in a central part. of th4 State * * * will highly promote the instruction, good order and the harmony of the whole com munity." In this commercial age when the genius of invention has practically annihilated time and destroyed dis tance, opening the whole world as a common field of competition, superiori ty of intelligence and training instead of any natural advantage of location soil or climate must determine the supremacy of a State. How thorough ly South Carolina is awake to this, let the overflowing condition of her col leges and unprecedented enrollment in her public schools answer. The State is doing her duty. Upon the institutions' supported byr her be neficence rests a reciprocal .obligationl to put high manhood alongside 'ifitek lectual attainnients and give 'to- the State men-men of moral courage, public-Spirited, and possessed of clear; balanced and discriminating judgmnent\ in regard to public questions. This is the perennial task we would set before our alma mater as we behold her standing on the threshold of her second century, panoplied in patriotic traditions, rejoicing in a successful present and confidently entering- upon a glorious future.. SENSATION PROMISED. eial to The State. Greenv ille, Jan. 9.-Tomorrow a hear ing will be given several young men of e~i city before Magistrate Stradleyv onl charge of pitting a bulldog against a wildcat. Warrants were sworn out Saturday - by Hext M. Perry, president of the branch of the Society for the Preverit ion of Cruelty to Animals. - The hearing is apt to prod&uce sation, as many prominent peoe*re said to have witnessed the brutaLPod Dr. Perry declares he will ____cut the offenders to .the fullest e the law. He declares he has t who will testify to hav~ingsae" fight In all its gruesomnenes~1 It may be interesting ton n cat weighed 60 pounds, ant it he was comp'letely annihlIt d