University of South Carolina Libraries
(8. c.) tueway, QCTolli;^^ ^ ' ' ?? ^ ;' ' .^ST \\w option of t!?j R(lilortuiUU kit p:?V .1(h*ru*er*mti not cse<ndiiy$ fou'rlciv l'nm, inserted the (l?t timo f>xr nrvcnty-fya cmti,' M fcrly centa for ftach >ub*qur?tmin#/, R$t<)T?u<t bep-ftiQaVJ.or ' Tho progreai AllS^ ;?!iural enquiry in KUr. to thn cjfihmy .extrafirdiUjW. m 8U1 Vbow liuw^%fbiany ren in r^spectiae ???- Tlw Jfaet iUoU <vai fnVwiUitfrtc, Vgtei tyor was S artie \nanner. Tito historian of Naples tolls us In Ida hippy manner, that.the emperor determin <jd to put ah and to Hits Turkish excesses lu the Mediterranean. ' Tho provocation Ha! received >vaa Hue greatest. At Naples nothing was thoufcht of tint war. Several u<tblemdn prepar ed ships at their ovini expense*; As <ho empe ror was to cotnmandluppr?on?the barona and knights wero ready to attend him. In the flpriu? of \S75t thelMarquiifr.de Vast, was order ed from Genoa With the fleet to Naples. The pope aiono sent t\ven(y-t\ro gallies to join il?e fleet. lite floet flailed front Naplea in May, and wa* joined with other armed veasels till the fleet in Bailing from Sardinia amounted to a* bove 300 sail, and made their passage in three days. They landed with great loss, displayed great personal bravery, ^ndsoinedistiiiguUhcd ofllcers paid the tribute of their Uvea on the oc casion. Tho city of 'funisi was at length ta ken, and the bfcrbeHan who commanded was put to flight. The Jmparor established the taan of hi* choice upon the throne, and laid him un der a heavy tribute, and withdrew. The event of the expedition did by no means give general content. At the ti.mo some discerning men de clared they expected nothing from the change. They saw. not the reason why the emperor should abandon the country to its own bad liab its, and not hold a situation from which he might protect commerce in every part of the Mediterranean. A genius of the age left proof how deep wa* the conviction that the einperor had not. done his duty. Tho experience of Charles If. of England might have been justi fied from this cO/)victioif, when he attempted to hold a fortified station on J he jwast, . But ^ki<W<r#1mdi^or'e?rght to have been dime, it ?was soon evident that the emperor hud done no thing. The Tunene were sov#n discontented with their new go**eminent, and their tribute, and with a* little concern as ever maintained the cause of the son against the fa'Jmr, who.tvas soon obliged to put himself into the arms of the emperor. The son, supported by tho Arabs,! took possession of Tunis. 'I'ho father in vain attempted at Naples to rai<e troops to recover his government. Still he could not abandon the object, and with his few troopa he landed again in Africa, lie uus encouraoed to ap proach the cHy? his army was routed, and no was taken ajfrisoner, and his eye* put out^? And thus all was lofct, with great dtatrese to Na ples, which had displayed great courage, and had suirered great louses in this fruitless expe dition. Though fturopo applauded the adven ture, and the little good which had been done waa not considered, while the greatness of the project was remembered yet (lie emperor did not conceive so favorablv of the event, as not to discover the pain df Vis disappointment, in the obstinate manner in width he afterwards attempted to retrieve his reputation, tiy secur ing tho object of his triumph; The excellent Scotch historian, Dr. Robertson, will expose to the reader the subsequent expedition against] Algiers, which noadvico from tho mo$t experi enced naval commander, and even tho counsel of 11;v pope could delay. An army of twenty thousand of tho best soldiers iii Kurope, with two thousand horses besides tho thuusamj that joined the army to vhare in its glory, was no common display of military talents, especially when the contest was to hi: with a Imdy of less thuti ono thousand Turks, supported onlv by ?he few thousand Moor a they could assemble.? Soon after their landing a storm arose. The Turks knew how to profit from the distress in which tho emperor wag found. 44 In less than an hour, Mr. If. tell* m, fifteen ships of war, and lftO transport!, with 6,000 men perished," and hihIi as escaped to land were massacred.? The consummate skill of Dilea saved the rem nant of the army. And thus he failed of ac complishing even what he gained in his first ex pedition. In that he gained glory without pro fit, but in thin he gained neither ?jlory nor pro lit. It is hardly po?sible to think of tliia hero Charles, withoot^pme recollection of Napoleon. Charles found In the Mcditqiranrau, and upon the shores of Africa, what Napoleon found in the regions of Itussiat When Doria with a ??ingle boat made known the hUtOry of h(s suf ferings, and bid tho emperor to retire, he had iilhree days to march to the place where lie could (receive relief* he was destitute of all provisions, 1 bia troops uiffit to march even under every ad vantage that could be git en them. Tho conse Jlquerij** were awful. Many perished by fa many by fantine, many were drowned, Maud riany auppoi ted life only by the Aetl| of f horft*, or wftgt they could lind upon tho road, I while en th#?r retreat they were constantly J alarmedi continually harrasted, and many be V * V -T' came victims to an enraged enemjr. CJrcat u is the character of Charles, ali, American will riot unwillingly find the life of Eaton oo the nainc table, to read the Conduct of flic huroeaj ask. to have the faults of a hero forgiven, htore particularly, when ujjaiust hiH own greatness, Tor the world will contest the obligation and for get the offence. " We h?f% marcned a dis tance," aaya this hero, " of two hundred mi let, through an inhoifoitable wastu world, without seeing the habitation of aii animated being, or the tracks of Wan. The ev4?iwe all know. 1 proposed liiy ultimatum. Not a, cant for'peace on tfcrms of the most favoredj nation* I declar b\l I would do nothing till these terms weiefur inally acccUed to. The name of Hull occurs Jiii' tliis transaction. But in both our visit* tot thrt const of lJarbary, we will be content td ha*ejh'rhiato^#tad.wiiii the history of-the exlKttfmonft oMfae emperor Charles, ot of anv other military or ttaval adventurer since, (if all prejudices, the innocent aro in favor of our homy aud our country. While fhey incite us to do nt? wrong, they excite us to do and enjoy much good. We could wish that tbe next war, by whatever power, might be the, war which snoul4 nut an end to the most ju$t cause of war, the lawless depredation^ of nations, that know, not their own rights, better thin they do the rights of mankind.?Salem Register, " MISCELLANY. HKI*.\TIVK 8TATK OF TUKKBY AND RUSSIA * moxi'MT ?r waii orrwrir.* this two row?n*. Whilst the attention of this country has been occupied with tie*, a ft air a of France., as hein^ more nearly our own conccrni a most import ant state oi things had arisen upon the part of Russia anil Turkey: and had it not been for the jealousy of other stutes, Europe would again have been involved in war. The danger is not yet perhaps entirely over, It is unnecessary to mention, that Russia has always considered the Turkish empire as her peculiar prey, and that three successive reigntf and cabinets have always had the same designs. The empress Catharine carried them farthest and was upon thp point of reaching the Mack Sea, whcti the seasonable jealousy of Englaud interposed and recalled her. This empress made no secret of her designs, and caused one of the Russian priuccs, the present archduke Cor.*tantine, the brother of the emperor Alex ander, to be christeued Constantino, that ho might assume the Greek throne of Constantino pie as the heir of the ancient Constantiuc.? With the same feelings alto encouraged the Greeks to revolt, and only abandoned them when the partition of Poland called her atten* tion to a more immediate and valuable object. In the first coalition, in the conference of Napoleon and Alexander, the former is said to have conciliated the other with the same offer. u You have no interest," said Napoleon, u in Germany or the Continent. You cannot there add an acre to your dominion. Your proper ai<d natural object is Turkey. Agree not to In terpose against me in Germany, and I abandon Turkey to you. This is your proper field. It is boundless. Your ambition cannot desire a larger scope. If m>, the walls of China remain. What can you require or wish on this side of the Vistula ?'* V These representations, it is believed, had their intended effect upon Alexander and his ministers \ they acknowledged that Turkey was their proper and natural ob^ct, and the agreement was at least verbally settled at Til sit. In the last general treaty of Vienna, tho Eng lish, Austrian, and Prussian minis'era wished to extend the general guaranty for the estab lished order of tilings to tho dominions of the Tiirk, but Russia, we believe, gavo a positive refusal. Tlie pretence was, that tho Turk was not present in tho congress by hi* repre sentative and that his guaranty so entirely af fected Russia, and Russian politics, as to as sume a very unfriendly air towards the Turk ish government. The plenipotentiaries had no inucn work upon their hands, and so much dif ficulty respecting what tlioy wished in Poland, that the.v eluded ratlier than abandoned tin? affairs of Turkey. The general treaty was accordingly concluded, signed, and made pub lic, and no mention was made of Turkey. It is said, indeed, that some regulations were ad ded In the form of secret articles, but what kind of guaranty is that to which tlie parties are afraid to pledge themselves. Immediately after the breaking up of the conaress, tho emperor Alexander took possession of Poland s we believe* indeed, in a more full and military manner than was intended. Ifo hud no sooner completed this arrangement, and subdued the murmurs of the Poles, than | ho marchcd "his priny to the frontiers of Turkey, j and assumed a position and attitude which just- j Iv alarmed the prido and even the prudonce of tlie Ottoman court. Rvplanation was now asked in the usual vio lent manner by tho Turkish Divan. Tiny were eluded or proudly refuted, by tho Russians. In answer to the question* why the Russian army was nut u|>oii such a high establishment?why had it all tho numhoM, tho appointments, the equipage and ammunition of war, it was simply replied that the Russian interest required It.? Was not Kuropc yet unsettled P But why, de mand tlie divan, march thia army to our fi rm - tier* ? " Are they not in my own province ? replied the emperor Alexander. Are you or we the suitable judge#,in which of my pro vince* I thai! station and feed my soldiers ? ' Thcw answei$ were justly unsatisfactory, and the Turks upoif their part were preparing for war. Such within thqso few late weeks, has been the relative Mate of the affairs of Turkey and Russia) and the war we believe was actually upon the point of coinmmencing, before It was even known in'Bnuland that any difference ex* luted. ' 'llils state of affairs has been tlie causo why Bavaria, and in a good degree Prussia and Aus triii, have not as yet disbanded their armies.? The war establishment of one country compels "another to mantaip the samo. It Is the proper prudencbof states never to be at tho mercy-of each other. It is imagined that Uavarja would tako part with Russia and even Austria wus suspected. And this situation vfas' rendered more diffi cult, because the oblfinacy of.ihe Turks,i and tfieir suspicions of England,,had .rendered any mediation impossible f tfcey refused to regard or accept Of us as frionds. Have you not de prived UK, said the", of the Seven Inlands ? sod, in offering to mediate for us, do you not de* nmnd, that we should recognise this independ ent power of your creation ? " No) wo want nothing of you." In the Inst papers it is said that lliisnia has at length removed her army ) but it is asserted, wo believe, in a very suspicious channul. Our own opinion is, that the Russian cabinot will not long abandon its favorite policy, and that, sooner or later, tho war will bo rekindled upon this point. OF SECOND 8IC.IIT IN NAUTICAL AFFAIRS. However disposed a reader may be to deride Uo Scottish highland doctrine of second hi^lit, aid to wonder at tho credulity of lir. Johnson in believing the existence of a faculty so proter natural, his wonder will perhaps he diminished bya comparison of that superstition, with an artinvented or supposed or protended to l?o in verted by a Monsieur Bottineau, an oflker in theterviceof the Frcnch king, and Fronch In dia iompany, who served in the Isle of France in tie years 1782, 1783, ami 1784, by which the a^pioach of ships, or the neighborhood of land, even at a distance of two hundred leagues uiay be discerned. 'fie inventor, Mr. Bottineau, published an accoint of it in 1784, in which he saya that it. it* not trom the undulation of tho waves, from ft>e subtlety of si-At, nor from any particular sensa tiou (lie knowledge <o which tie alludes is de rived?but merely from an observation of the hori&vt, which discovers signs indicating (lie proximity of ships or of land. On the approxim - tiun pf a' ship towards the land or towards ano ther ship, he says there appears in tho atmos phere a meteor of a particular nature, visible to every one, without any painful attention. It is n*>t by any kind of accident that this meteor ap pears under tjiesc circumstances. On the con trary, it is the necessary result of the approxim ation of one vessel towards another, or towards the land. And he asserts that the existence of the meteor, and the knowledge of its difTeient modifications, are what constitute the certainty and precision of Ids information. " If I am askeil," says he, " how it is {possible that the approach of a ship towards land should give birth to any meteor whatsoever in the atmos phere, or what connexion thorc can be between two objects at such a distance from each other, I reply that I am not obliged to give'ftn account of tlie ivpws or the wherefores; that it is suffici ent for mq to have discovered the fact* without being obliged to account for its principle!. A complete treatise on this science, with maps, plates end chart* to illustrato it, Man promised by Mr? Bottineau, but was never pub lished that we haVe heard, and we think never will he. Yet the notions of this visionary woro not <vitlmut their proselytes. Kvcn the admiuistra-1 tors of tho island furnished Mr. Bottineau with a document which he called a report, containing testimony of the reality of tho discovery, and they were so far at least deposed to credulity, that they only spoke with doubt, at the same time that thoj>o doubts were niiuttlcd with Some marks of respect for the supposed discovery. This report was directed in the form of a letter to the marechal de Castries, and was cguched in the following terms : w /'or/ l.oufo, I*h> of France, Ifeh. 18, 178-4.? My Lord?A letter which you wroto on the sixth of April to Mr. Bottineau,^ employed in the kinr.'s and company's service in this colony, obliges in not to refuse him ono lor you, of which ho propose* to be himself the bearer.? The desire alone of being useful to his country is, as ho says, the motive which determines him to take this step. He would bo angry with him self wero ho to conceal a discovery wldch hath hitherto* escaped the most enlightened persons, and of which he only is in possession. This discovery is the art of announcing the presence of one or several ships at one hundred, one hundred and fifty, or two hundred leagues dis tance. This is by no means the result of his studies, nor tho fortunate application of the principles of any particular science) his sci* ence is in his eyes only, and he can have no o? ther t what we call penetration end genius can not makeup to him whsthels doficient in front education. He perceives, as he says, some signs which indicate to him the presence of tho ves sels, as we know that, there Is a lire in a place when we perceive a, smoke coming from it.? This is the comparison which ho mukos uso of hiimielf to those who have conversed with him about his art | this (though he has kept his se cret to himself) it the pliincst thing he has said, in order to make it be understood that he has not made this discovery by the knowledge . :? .? "s'~ ? r^ of anjrSrt or science which had been the object of his application or or his former studies. " It is, according to him, the effector chance, lie has tafcen nature in lib process, and disc^ vered his secret, so that his science, or rather tho first elements of it, lias not cost Ititn the* least trouble j but vb* thing which has cost him a great'deal of lator, and which may really bo called his own, is the art of judging of the ex* act distance. v v M According to him the signs clearly indi cate the presence of ships t but npne but those, who can well reajl these signs, can draw any conclusions from them witli regard to distances, and tliis art of reading them well is, according to hint, a true 4nd a\ery laborious study i for this reasons he has himsplf for a very long time be$n tne dupe of hi* science. It is at Least ftftqeii vcars since he first foretold heretbe,at? rival ot ships. At first this was regarded onl*i asa frolic i wagers were laid on both shje*. often loot because the ships did not arrive at the time prescribed by him. f r^m thence came his application to find out the cause of these mis takes < and the perfection of hit art is the re* suit of this application. 44 Since t'je war his informations have great ly increased, and probably were sufficiently ex act to oxcite tho attention of the public. * 'Die noise of tliein reached us with the enthusiasm always excited by tho marvellous. lie himself spoke of the reality of his science in the tone of u man convinced. It would have beon too cru el tn dismiss liliu as a visionary. u Besides, every tiling depended upon proofs, and we required that he should briftg some : In cun&equence he Vas regularly sent us, for eight months, the. information* which lie thought he uiil^ht venture f und the result is thut several of the whins he announced arrived at the time lie foretold, after several dnvs of information. " Others have come later than he expected, and Mime have not appeured at all. 41 With regard to some of thofte, it hns boon ascertained that their delay has been occasions I by calin? or bv currents. Mr. Bottineau is per simded that those which never appeared were foreign vessels which went on t and according ly, we have learned that some Knglish ships were arrived in Indin, which might peihaps ho in biuht of the island at the time, indicated.? but this is only a conjecture which our occupa tions have not ulloweu ua to investigate. What we can ascertain is, that in general it appears Mr. Bottineau hath made just observations.? Whether it is owing to chanee, or his abilities, it might be, perhaps, imprudent to determine. It is, However, certain that the fact is so extra ordinary, under whatever light it is considered, that we have not thought ourselves entitled ei?d th*r to affirm or deny it: and we have wistioy o? the sicur Bottineau to compel us to s the other side of the question, by trusting his secret to some trusty and able person. But (his he has refused, being probably afraid that he should not acquire by the discover/all the be. neflt which he imagines he may reap from it. " Supposing the reality of tno discovery, we do not believe that its utility can be as import a<it as Mr. Bottineau persuades himself it is but it might perhaps throw*some new light up on natural history. In order to be useful, it would bo necessary that the discovery should he confined to one nation* and remain unknown to all others, 'fids will be impossible if every licet, every vessel, and every privateer is oblig ed to carry a man on board who is in possession of the secret.?We remain with rospect* " Le v*te tie Souillw, CIIEV AAYI.UM i?OR TIIB DEAF AND DUMB. The following is the address of M. Clcrc to on audience in the Athemcum at Boston. This gentlemen came over with M. Gnllaudet, for ie benevolent purpose of assisting in the edu cation of that unfortuoate put t of our communU ty who are deaf and dumb. It is pro; :r to remark* says a ftbftton paper, that an lie bus only studied the English language about thine months, no apology can l>e necessary for tlio idiomatic oxprtofsions discoverable in his stylet and overy one will he surprised at the flow ani harmony of his sentences. ftVo print this ?d dress; as it tends particularly to acquaint the ' public with the blind ignorance in which the most Irtttolligoht deaf and dumb persons were in* vol ved, before the new system of education w#*, introduced t TttK ADDRESS. > "Gentlemen?You know the motive whicM lias ted mc to.the United States of America.? The public triipera have taught you it t but you do not yet know, I believe, the reason why I have come to Boston with Mr. Gallaudrft & Dr. Cogswell, and why we have invited you to lion* or tnis meeting with your presence. I am going to tell you. It la to speak to you more conveniently of tho deaf and dumb, of those unfortunates who ' deprived of the sense of hearing, and consc* quently of that of speech, would lie condemn ed. all tftiir life, to tne most tad vegetation, if nobody came to their succor \ but who, entrust ed to our regenerative hands, will pass from tho class of brutes to the class of men. It is to aftect your heart* with regard to their unhappy fato i to excite the sensibility and noli? cit the charity of your generous tout* in their favor; respectfully to entreat you to occupy yourselves in promoting their future happine*** , The celebrated and immortal Abbe do l'Rj>ce Invented the art of restoring them to society and I religion. It is according to his method that tho I instructions in Europe have been formed t it U I consequently to him that ull the deaf and dumb,! who know how to write and read, owe their torn J poral and spiritual happines*. yl Ttvb ^bbe ftfcard. toy respectable nnd b?lgfjt I