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" Sipi tftttHer ln?dn)M< ?hcoptkrt.onhc JthxrtfxHMM* no ttofottlMttfiii xnu rtot ri cJCll mh*?qu*M i Journal pf a UMr and i*?l<fcAtee tn((rc*VUr<tatn during tit* years 1816and 1011 > ty a French traveller. with remarks on tb* totfnury, It# orU, literature, and poll, ties, an?lWMWOrM ario custuni* of itt initabi ?anta. in ?*>. ?5,iiviM*m?7 ThiaU the most entertaining-Journal tliat wo have perused for * Ions time* Not with Minding the ettbrtsof a-few malignant scrib* SsTaSSSSytfa:sufMms. Easi^swjViSKs of a common form of commonUn guftge* similar habits, and <119 tamo principles of public and municipal law JKencn the inter eat which is excited by a plain and sensible journal) like .the boob before us. We travel Or Ws temarKi. It ia not unworthy of note* that' this friendly oflico of bringing together John 9oli arid Brothfer Jonathan, is performed by a Frenchman. Would that all the individu al* of th*se nations were thus kindly disposed! He inform* u? that he apeut nearly two year* in Great-Britain without any other object than to see the country t that he was born in Franco, and had resided more than twenty years in the United gtates before ho made this voyage. Hence he H),fble,to compare the customs of the different countries; and hp does it with perfect mod humor and without any appearance of pre judice or partiality. In the following extract the reader will find three nations introduced : " If I was a*K<d, at this moment, for a sum mary opinion of'what t have seen in Kngland, I might probably sav, that its political institutions present-a detail of corrupt practices?of profu sion?and.of personal ambition, under the mask of public ftpint very carelessly put on, more .dis gusting than 1 should have expecteil t the work* mgs of theselfish passions are exhibited in all thjlr nakedness and deformity.' On the other hand. I should admit very readily, that 1 have foundthe.great mnssof the people richer, happi er, and more respectable, than any other with .M^ww^NvMyvi WI9IVII VllOIUtiVrilU U State of advancing clvilUatioH, properly direct ed* The manners, and the whole deportment of superiors to infenors, arc marked with thaft just regard and circumspection, which announce l*n?l rf*. -ft A ever "* ???<??? V?J IV III II? fC 4ults. but I cannot say I particularly like the means. What I dislike hero, I ioight.be told, belongs to human nature in generalj to the world, rather than to Kngland particularly. It may be sor-and I ahdll not undertake the pane* eyrie of either the oho or the other. u The government of Kngland is eminently practical. Tlie one under which I have livoktl fnanyyears might be defined, on tho contrary, a goverhmtont of abstract priuciples. Certain opinions have token possession or men's minds, amt they cling to them, as to tlio feligion in which they were born, without examination. The measures of the government have the pro indices of the multitude for their base*?always the same under any change of circumstance*? arid to be obeyed, In defiance of tho better judgment Or that very government. Were tho people left to therriselves they might come to 4 right judgment of tilings 1 but thoy aro encom passed by newspapers, conducted by the merce nary pons of men, often foreigner, who fiudit mote convenient to flatter jftej\idicca< and In flame jpiissionii, than to'rectify and enlightfnt they follow the stream of public opinion?yet they swell tho tide, giving it It* headlong vio lence) and tho people beuevi themselves free, under an oligarchy of newspaper writers. "'Itie different govcrnmentsofthe continent of Kuro'/S, old and tnlitih) are half-fact ion r., hnlfi despotic}?one alone, purely despotic, over powers the others by its unity and its energy.? litis state of things, which considers tho people as a mere instrument* and has the prince for its stole object, makeover course, secret enemies of .ill those who do not shot* In his greatness nnd aro out of the sphere of his splendor. England, oftsr all* is the only country In the world where chance, perhaps, as much as human wisdom, compounding with the vices and the virtues of our species, has effected a treaty between them, ?'^signing to each their respective and proper! shares, and fhMnlj " tho cofvitljutlon edifice of wlxi equally distant I -with little bea,. Y Hinl'VHIITMU^r , | lid, convenient, and easy to rcpair. " Of the nation itself, its distinctive and na tional character, It would be difficult to give nny bat a comparative opinion. No national character is, I fear, V4fy excellent in itself, and tho least bad mast b ? deemed good, Among the nations ofKOrop* a the two most conspicu* <jus in eivlll*ation,'marts, and in arms, the nearest probably in their taste and manners, yet tHem welt I think 1 and reel *n ttyial interest for both. | friends! have on ^rjTpX fill S?w an, and in in their beltKumop^or otKefv lit be disfc>ow$ to take Voltaire ?t 1 said they were mo We tin,fit it 1 ** Tho lower Efiglahd hpid other nft.| ?ion? In thorough contempt. Tito samo rank in prance, In the interior of the country at leastd scarcely know there are other nations?their I geography is that of the Chinese* I " (Mr all the various merits claimed by the prqud fslsndors, I believe none is less disputed I ed thing tli [meaning politeness ana mere snow 01 s< imsnts, the othur for simple and blunt genci ty. The fact Uf M to giving substantially, it is much easier for tho English to do so ? that an Englishman has always plenty I of money, and gives it away very freely, out nol sacrifice of higher kind is supposed to be above his magnanimity. I have to remark on thisl subject, that those who give n little, after oro-l mising much, appear to havo given nothing, while those who, without promising auy tiling, give a little, have credit, on the contrary, lorl giving a gJeat deal. This accounts, in part, for the two opposite reputations, the one for un meaning politeness and. mere show of senti *m4' * ncrosi y, that I ? English to do so than the French, ami accordingly much more is giv-l 'en in money bv the former than by the latter )| but 1 doubt oxtrcmcly whether the English arc more disposed, than their neighbors, to bestow I their time and personal attention upon their i friends in sickness or misfortune, ana upon tho distressed in general. There is in England a sort of fastidious delicacy, coldness, or pride, which stands ajgpod deal in the wayof active bo* nevolence. . The ties of blood are also, 1 think, weaker than in France. People seem to calcu late witk mrtre strictness hew far the claim of kindred extendi,! and even the highest degree ef consanguinity, that of parent* and children, Kleins to command rather less deferenee and respect. A cousin may certainly net be more I to you than another man, yet it Is an amiable er ror, end a useful one, to think yourself obliged to show some kindness and feel some particular I aymnathy for the man vrhom nature has placed nearly in the same rank of Hfo with yourself, and whom you are ,Hkely to meet oftenest Mi your journey through life. ? ?/ 44 The English a^ better reasoners titan the French, and therefytfe more disposed to be juit ?the first of moral anilities f and yet tho pro pensity to luxury ami Ostentation is ho strong, as well as so general Here, as to expose this same sense of justice to hard trials. I never knew pi prodigal Who was just, nor lndcc4 truly gonejrftUS -4* never has it in his power. ? I do not conceive It possible for some of the most horriblo scenes of toe French revolution to bo acted here, in any evtut. Tho people \u France are capable of greater atrocities than those of England, but I should think tho latter sternefv?less prone to cruelty, but lest suscep tible of pity. ** There* are perhaps* at thie moment, mor* distinguished men of Science at Paris than In I?ondoi?p andl think it is admitted by the Eng lish themselves. But there are certainly better scientific materials here* and in tho long run, accuracy and depth should prevail over quick ness of parts. However the account may stand between the t wo nations* as to tho higher scien ces* 1 am convinced that cultivation of mind l? more general in England than in Franco: it is indeed the bright side of English society* That conceited ignorance* forward loquacity* heed less and round argumentation* which All the common intercourse of men in France* is com paratively unknown here; and with so much better reasoning faculties* I do not think there it half ao many logical attempts. A man of sense once remarked that he never heard tho concluding formula JOonc introduced fn a Pari sian conversation* without oxpccting something excessively absurd to follow immediately. / " There is undoubtedly in tho English ubnrt a coldness and reserve wnich discourse and re pel at first sight I in the French* on the contra ry* a warmth anu openness which Invite confl uence* ami put yon at ease Instantly* The hit* torian* (Jihhon* said once* in sneaking of French aociefy* " I know that generally there it no de pending much on their professions* yet, as far oh I wrw concerned* I really believe they tiNfi sincero." The exception the historian made in Ills own favour may well excite a smile j yet his error was in the general opinion ho had formed* not in tne individual one. The kindness shown to strangers* and the exprettions of interest lavished upon them, are really felt at the roe ment. Tnelt feelings might not last long* nor bear tho test of ant greet sacrifice of private Interest or convenience. Those who express them are Inconsiderate and frivolous* but nq insincere. Ido net know whether 1 might ?* choose to live with the BngtlMt* but J shoul undoubtedly find more pleasure In visiting the French. The reserve and coldtcss of the for mer wear off 1a time | tho frtvmth < cools* and the two manners meet at tUJexr, which it the common an * i ui ins ?or rtSfwt r, nrtonl Iocs not p t *>e drawn frfBchman , .'as might show* tfie *4o ftimilar ones in fb ?ccasionally in this jour fcfllTOWfjww&JW ?eyw W attention wastaltod this work. I can only gay for myself, tliat I prefer the EoglUh Ktcrature to (he French, up on most of .those subjects with which I nm ac ?uaintcd. I am aware of the dancer to whidi expose inysolfby this rash declaration| and **hall not deprecate the national resentment of toy Jftench reader#, by common-place ctfnfcgai ons of my own unfitness to judge. Many tyi doubtedl v havo a more genera! knowledge than I hate of the literature, not only Of their own cooritry,-but of both countries. Few, howev er, of ray countrymen choose to make arty fo reign language so far their own, as to be fuir judges} and on this last qualification moatly, I venture to rest my right to form an opitdon of my own, and avow it. My French readers be injr uow informed that the English have du (Jout, will hear with less surprise than they would ??? tlicrwise havo felt, tiiat they have de la Gniet?. They do not certainty possess tKo gaMe of manners of their neighbors?they have not the happy faculty of being amused without amuse mant, 1 tlnnk also that English spirits would not have survived the trials fwWhicn the French have been exposed f the latter have this buoyan cy ii| their blood, the former in thei'. mind on* lyj but mirth b by no means so foreign to Eng manners as is supposed in France. Indeed 9 not kitow whether alaugh, a true joyous laugh, is not as common in the one as in the o ther country: less animattoi ther country i and althoeth there is infinitely less animation, 1 doubt whether there irlesa; cheerfulness. 44 Upon the whole, I believe the national dif Terence to have less reality than appearance.? 'lite same vices, and the same virtues?the same propensities and views, under very different forma, are found in both countries, and more nearly alike than is generally supposed."?Port Folio. FORKWN LITERATURE, SCIPA'CR, fee. By English papers, it Appears that I?or<l Hy mn has written a poem which contain* Home thing ho offensive to the polities of thettmea in England, as to berejecteil by the f*ondon book* seller#, and we understand that it is now oRttjft Vdute to America to bo printed. It Is something strange that wo should have two writers, Cob bett aud Byron, availing themselves of the press In this country?one a layman, and the other a lord. France. five years since the Class of Scl* encos of the Royal Institute of France proposed aStlio suMsct of a double prize, the theory of the planets whose eccentricity and inclination arc too considerable to allow of the exact calcu lation of their distances by methods already known. The class did not require any nunverf cal application* but only analytical formulas, yet disposed iri such s manner, that an intelli gent. calculator might be able to apply them with certainty either to the planet Pallas, or to any other hitherto discovered, or which may here after be discovered. Two memoirs only hav ing been received, in which the Authors have not sufficiently conformed to tiie intensions expres sed by the clasi. it has protoiupd the time for another year. The prize will therefore be ad judged in January, 1817, and consists oft gold rnedal of the value of 6000 francs (350/.) Es says must be written In Kreuch or Laiiq, and none will bo received after the 1st October next. As nothing worthy of tho annual prfce found ed to reward researches undertaken for the ad vancement of galvanism has been received, the cla?s suggests the following points aa still want ing to complete the theory or this infportant part of tcience. Aa it has been determined in a great number of cases what combinations result from the action of a calculable electricity, it would be impwtant to determine, on the con trary, what measure of electricity results from the different combinations in which bodies peas to a sensible and calculable electric state. A tolerably complete set of experiments under taken with this view, would probably possess | considerable interest and utility. Another phenomenon not less interesting, and which par ticularly concerns the animal economy, is that | which manifests itself when alternate portions of nerves and muscles of the same animal, or of different animals, are capable of forming a circuit, the contracts of Which produce the isam^ excitations that result from a circle com* posed of metals, Intermediate between the muscles and the nervos. litis experiment might I perhaps, by its developments, tend to throw new light on the still obscure theory of the ncrtaas influence on the organic actions, and * result of these actions. literary society has been recently at Athens, ft Is composed of the Istlngulshed native and foreign literati ling in that city. {Jit new W? fflfi th< <0 take Mri wijcess Whicbvhe. w#4 pinst tto klnju 4mm to taki p^toiraiifv^b In hit qui vol, who isroprosented by H?ttr? gallant Soldier ?nu humane and liberal most a solitary instance, soen%fuj' titcs, say*tlic same anthor.^tod without any efRision of blood/'1 Tti upon their first settlement, which weatern part of the island. built the city of Mel* lila, but very soon becomingdispleased-j * situation, they abandoned ittoruin, ant ed to Se villa Nueva, which was founded qui+el, and in whieh he was afterwirdsii Of the remains of this city I will hereof you some account BsquWel was succe men whb seem to have been loit to Mi and feeling. The cruelty exercised bj upon the defenceless natives if abhori humanity, and only calculated tO i ingnof disgust and horror. Out of man beings, that constituted the ah pulation of the island, not one was leftln *if ence 50 years after its discovery. Indtafont at the cruelty with which they were treated, tal poor Indians rose against their tyrants, accord* |ing to Sir Hans Sloane. and uepotaiatauvtaq v city by entirely extirpating ! to tnh) e next town the Spaniards built wait by Diego Columbus, in 152;1, and was called St/I Jago do la Vega, or Spanish Town; which to now the metropolis of trie island. ' This city af I terwards gave the title of Marquis to the son Don Diego, to whom, at the same time, Chatle?. V, gave tho whole island in perpetual soy e , reijrnty. .* v; .. -i'iW Sir Anthony Shirby, in the year 1506, Ian' at Jamaica, took 8t. Jago, anA plundered I island, without mych reSiston'ce j I wards, in IC35, Col. Jackson landed with men, and though he was opposed bv 8000 niards from their works* compelled them \ treat, and, with the loss of 40 men, ent sacked, and pillaged the town, This puSilli mity of soul must have orlginatadfromthe trome iudolencc of the Spaniards, which enervating their bodies, destroyed the vi | energies of their mind. In this state Of i indolence, und consequent poverty, they [nued, without the occurrence of any ,things i markaWe, till the English, under Venables a Penn, during tfyt usurpation af Cromwell, ttt possession of the island* It is not mylntentl to enter into an. anamination of the right which Cromwell possessed himself or Jamw it U sufficient that he wss persuaded by the! jnlng and politic Cardinal Mazarine to Jfjll French in the conquest of HWpaniola, thou pi ttyesed by the Spaniards. The Spaniards w< however, an overmatch for thei combined for under Venables, who was shamefully defeat I and compelled to retreat to his ships, wjth_i!: loss ot a great number of his men. " To wipe < tltin stigmn, they determined to matte a descent onJnmatcrt, and immediately net Mil fortba island, where they arrived on the Sd of M*fi 1095. The inhabitants of St. Jago, which thenjj according to Wome, consisted of 2000 houseti 2 churches, 8 chapels, and an ahber, made bat a feeble resistance ! and after precrastinatlu the time as long as they could, finder the prctei of capitulatiug, during which they removed'tlr slaves and their moveable property to the Mro and mountains of tHe island, thoy surrender the empty town to the English. Several uniu cetaful efforts tirere afterwards made bji," Hptftiiards to recover their lost possessions,' thoy all proved abortive, and the English k mafned masters of tlie island,,which thoy hai pcesesscd eversince. Venables and Pcnn Ik ing recalled, Col. Doylcy. who aecompsnW them in the expedition to Hispaniola, was loft if command of the troops in Jamaica. Col. Doyt ley #as a brave, active, and enterprising officer] and prosecuted the conquest tiiiey had inadd with much zeal and perseverance.' The negroes,' who had been left by the Spaniards among ' mountains to ftarrass the enemy while they paired to Culm to procure aid, joined the Kr fish* to whomthqjr were of great service ur the return nf t?Mr old masters, ami commit many cruelties. These were the origin of th? prerent race called Mtttoonu. Cor f>oylc< gave them all their liberty, and rewarded esc Mcottliug to the services m Imd rendered, fact is relateJ of ens of thoee tinrroes which serves a place in this rapid otitjifie. A Mi man wb? belonged to one of the princtpal niardst and who wa*deepfy in love with a * man or his own complexion, by whom he Mi veral children, was obliged to see her tora f?| his arms and forced to comply with the shl ful desires of his master, lie made severs* effectual effort4 to obtain Justice from the 1 nals of the island, and received nothing punishment from his proprietor, tie < venues nco against the wretch who had thi orcised upon him such unfeeling tyranny/ the descent of the ftngliih nffWdc'd a f?t