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MI8CELLANY. DSSCKIITION OF 'VHP. ST U AJT8?h(il IJ K AI /l'AK. From the Journal of one of the olficer of the ?rmy, engaged in the luto expedition against Ahsftn. < This morning we found ourselves at the en trant* of the StrxitH of Gibraltar (the. pillar* of Hercules of the ancient*} having cape 8|>artcl on one side ot' u* .\nd cape Slariiiul on (ho other.? The morning was calm, the sky serene, anil the unruffled fac? of the ureun presented a plane of glassy smoothness. The struit before us seemed a* a narrow defile scurcoly sufficient tu afford us a passage. and, stretching the eye forward* wc could far Ix'vond it, the sun sun rising out of the sea and gilding at once the rocky shores of Kurope and Africa. The scene was sublime and beautiful; and the time, the tdace, the recollefc tions which thev recalled, all conspired to 1111 me with enthuMu?iu. 'l'hu shores on either aide presented a various and romantic scenery, though of a harsh and forbidding cast t embra cing only an immense pile of rocky mountains? rising Itoyond or overnanging each other, and dcMtituto of foliage, or allottling, at best, but a tew parched shrubs?equally sublime, yet they are equally wild, savage and sterile. On the Spanish si*de,v,we could discern a few inisetable huts built upon the rucks, or in the abysses be tween them, and here ami thete a mouldering pile, which might once have been the scene of \*ur or the seat of festivitr : or a watch-tower, trembling on the summit of tt precipice, atlded variety to the scene. On the Itarhury coast, we could discover nothing to embellish or enliven the 44 giant rhudows'4 that seemed to envelop her Muble mountains, except a distuut view of the town of Tangier, and the smoke of u few strag gling huts, that seemed to indicate u population among those burning sands and precipices tlmt an Amciirnn would almost shudder to look upon. Such was the first glance that 1 obtained of these oner rival, once powerful, but now degra ded countries. It was one of the most exquisite moment* of my life?such as we arc seldom per mitted to taste { but which, when once en joyed, we never forgot: A tedious and disagree able voyage un? uccomplislnul, during which all the element* seemed tu have conspircd against us?in which the only variety was from the ex perience of one difficulty to tnc anticipation of another ; and in which' I cannot recal one a greeable circumstance or pleasurable emotion, nut this whs past, and we had gained the clns hie shores of antiquity, and before us lav the Greece, the Home, und the Carthage of other days?those sacred ?|>ots from which were drawn the origin of all that we know of religion, vur, folity, or the fine arts. A few days would ring us, too. to the scene of action and of glo. ry. where we expected to reap some of the proud est laurels that ever graced the American wreath. The very thought of exploring the clas sic ground that lay in pe.^pective before us, ami of gleaning " reputation at the cannon's mouth," on the fields where the heroes of ancient story toiled for the same harvest, was exstacy. Hut how soon were these plonking anticipations to be changed to the most bitter disapnoiutment!? Peace was already hovering around us, and wait ing the moment to blast our fond expectations ! The following lines from lord llvron's heuuti ful but eccentric poem 44 t'hilde Harold," were recalled to my utemury the moment I beheld the strait?: Through Calpc'* fttrait* survey tl>e Oeepy shore , Europe ami Afrir. on each other jjan- ' Kinds of the (tark^yed niaiil amithnkv Moor, Alike beheld beneath pale llitate'i Maze; llow softly l:i the Spanish shore die pl?\s, Disclosing ro< k, ami slope, ami f??rc?t hniwp. Distinct, t)im?nh darken tig wr'.ih her waning phase But Mauritania's ginnt shadow* frown Fi om mournim-cMI'lo coast descending down. It in true I did lint see tlio moon nlaving " nn the Spanish side," nor could I disco ver atiimi): her hide?<'i* ami barren precipices the 4i nln/ie and/ore*/ brown." But an this narf of ?be story was tlixdoml to his l<?t;?lt>lti|? by the moon, it must bo considered ah iru're mom miliar, Poets, however, must be allowed their liceuse. and a? their duty is rather to |il?itK<r dun to iu Htruct, wo must permit them sometimes to ?l?>\i. ate, from the tedious path of painful narration in search of pleasing image* to lieijihten the tints of nature wtmre they are too inanimate?to soften what it* ru^ed, and supply what is deficient: ?in shorfciike Orpheus, lie may melt the rocA**, and, like Orfa Quixotte, build castles iu the air. Now if Lord Byron hud been, like me. a plain soldier " little versed in tl*o set phrasA of prace," and bound?by the rules and article* of war?to apeak the words of truth and soberness, lie would not have called u declivity u " slope," ,uor have dignified a few sun-burnt ami almost leafless herb* with the title of *4 forest brown.*' But we must not cavil at a flight deviation in one who is always candid, and generally cor rect?who is frequently instructive, anil ever pleasing. A pleasant breeze sprung up about nine o' clock, and, being aided by the current which Hot* into the Mediterranean, we were driven rapidly along. On our left we passed Tarifu, formerly aplarpof great strength and importance, but now ilie retreat) only of a few fishermen and goatherds* At thin place, which is the narrow est part of the Straits, the distance acrosa can not be more titan Ave leagues. Along the Span fob count, at regular distances, there are watch towers erected, for the purpose of communica ting. information, by signal, upon the approach of an Algerine corsair or suuadron. These re sembfo in appearance the light-houses on our coast. The towering cliffs of Oibrallar had for some time been in sight, but it was not until wc had reached tho extremity of the Strait* that we began to distinguish it* features and to rccal die n lOHMi of the celebrated places by which it is sur roiityftd. On our right was Ceuta point, which, being like Gibraltar a rocky promontory, pro jecting into the sea, and joine<i to the continent of Africa by a narrow neck of land, haa former ly vied with it ill strength and importance, 'litis place was fir** fortified by the Romans, who held it far a long time, and wider whose government i (??c town incrcated in wealth and conscience. I On tl?c decline of that enmirc U fell under the dominion of the Goths attel Moor*, from whom it wan taken in the year 1414, by John I, of 1'ortuual. When the throno of Portugal was u surped, in 1578, by Spain, Ceuta became, of course, u Hrmnish "garrison > and, though the crown was afterwards recovered by the uuke of Hrauan/Ji, and Portugal re-established, as a dis tinct sovereignty, thin place remained in the hands of the Spaniard*, who* I believe still hold it. It was from this place thut the first descent, that we read of, wan made by the Moor* upon Hpuin, under TcrifEbn/.area, who, having ra vaged the enemy's country, took possesion of MousCaloe, to which In* follower* gavo the name of (libel Tarif, in honor uf their chief.? Hence wo have Gibraltar. Looking into the bay to our lefh we could dis tinguish, at die head of it, th* town of Algesi cs, seven or eight miles distant; This plscc wan built by tho Saracens, and dekignatea tlte 8|?ot where thoy first landed in 8pain, in tho year 7M. Under tho Moor* it became a place of great importance, and wan, consequently, strongly fortified and garrisoned. Though frt queutly besieged by the warlike kingv of Ca> tde, it never could be taken until tho year, 1344, when most of tho sovereigns in Kurope interest ed themselves in the siege, by affording succour* to the Christian army, under Alonxo VI, ofCa* tile. This siege is |>articularly remarkable, as it is sniti that tho first use of canuop was made b; the Moors upon tho besiegers on this occasion. To the northward of Algciiiras,u|)or?the banle of the river Gaudaranque, are tlio venerable ruins of Carteia, mentioned bv ancient historians under the names, Carteia, lleraclia and Calpe Carteia. Of this celebrated city, which is said to have been huilt upon by the PhoMiicians, scarcely one stone remains lipon another to mark the spot where it stood. It was once taken and destroyed by HunnilMil, but when Scipio obliged tho Cartha^eninns to <|uit Spain, wus rebuilt by tlie Itomans. It was here thut Cneius I'ompey sought a refuge after the incmorublo battle of Munda. We were moving rapidly towards Gibraltar, with u fine breeze, and standing in close to point Kuropa, the most southern end of the rock, we rodo into the bay and came to an anchor under the batteries. Among the flogs displayed from the vessels in |Hirt, we discerned a number of Americans. There was a British squadron at unrhor, consisting of a seventy-four, and seve ral frigates and smaller vessels. Among them was the Undaunted, the vessel that carried Ho* nupartB to Elba. TIIR Cllt'.ROKF.K INDIANS. We arc indebted to the kindnesn of Dr. Jtifth ill for permission toupublish the following letter, which is well worthy of a perusal. The copy re ceived, in the hand-writing of a joung Cherokee. 44 There in no doubt, says Mr. Meiga, of these people beiiiK capable of receiving the highest im provement. why should there be any doubt of it, if we believe* the Jesuits' success in Par** guay ??Vol. Wamnihotow, M*v 4,1816. I have been here several week# with a depu tation of Cherokee chiefs, on business of moment tn their nation \ they have succeeded In their mission much to their satisfaction, in setting tiie boundurv lines between them and the Creeka ; this had Income necessary to designate the land* acquired by Jackson's treaty, so called. Ill the year 18091 had a census taken of the number of the Cherokee nation, which amount to 12,377. The number of males and female:* were nearly equal?they have considerably increased since that period, so that including a colony of Cherokee* that went to settle on the river Ar kansas, their number is about I I,.100 souls? those who emigrated to Arkansas, as well as those on their ancient grounds, have made con siderable advances in acrpiirin^ (he useful arts, particularly in the manufacture of cotton and woollen eloth. They iai*e the cotton, and the indigo for dying their yam t the* arc pood wea vers. and have at this time upwards of :50ft looms t moat of the looms are made by thenar I \ es ; they have more than .'>00 ploughs?this greatly in creased the tillage of their lauds; they have large stocks of black rattle and horses, swine and some sheep j they have domesticated poul try in plenty ; and huviiig now an abmulanco of the necessaries of life, their* population propor tionality iucreaxns. By means of some schools, many of their )ouug people read and write. A ureat pajt of the men nave adopted our modes of diens ; and the female* without exception dress in the habits of the w hite people. Home of them, who ar? wealthy, are ricfily dressed". They are remarkably clean and neat In their persons i this may lie accounted for my their universal' prac tice of batbing in their numerous transparent streams of water which in almost every directi on run through their country. Men, women and children practice bathing, which undoubtedly contributes to their health. All can swim, and this is often of great convenience, as no river can impede their way in travelling. When the fe l males bathe, they are never exposed s any im proper conduct towards thcin would held in de testation by all. 8ir.ee I have been first in that nation, a young white man solicited the hand of a young Cherokee woman. 8he refused his of fer, and objected, as a principal reason, that he was not clean-in his appearance; that he did not as the Cherokees do?bathe himself in the rivers. Ablution with theso people was former ly a religious rite. It is not now viewed by tltcm in this light, but it is nearly allied to a moral virtue, ft is unfortunate for these jieople that they should bo held in contempt by people who in no one respect o'ro better than they, and have no advantage of them except in the color of the skin \ and whether this ought to be so con sidered, is problematical?for we have seen sa vages with white skins. 1 have not been an inattentive spectator in viewing theso people in various situations \ in their forests, in their houses, in their schools, and in their.public councils. The progress of their children in their schools has \?en as great as that of any oilier children, in ac<piiring the knowledge of letters and of figures. * Naturo given them the ficefct forms) and can wo prcromo that God hi* witdhehf(from them correspondent intellectual and mental power* of mind r No man who has hatl public business to transact with them, can have a doubt of the ca pacity of their minds* Their. hospitality in their house* ia every whore acknowledged t their bra very in the field ia alao acknowledged by thoae who acted with them in the lato war against the Hostile Creeks. It will be* acknowledged,. that where hospitality and bravery reside! they are not aolitary virtues. ' -v Ought such a people to be commledfcl as part of the great family of man, or ough Abey to be connidered aa having had ? distinct ?Tgln, and to Inure been created en an inferior stale, inca itable of every valuable improvement ? 'Pliey have already been raised from a state or hunter* to tliat of herdsmen.and cultivatora of the noil. More titan 40,000 of these red people (so they call themselves) are living on the aoutli and east side of the Mississippi and Ohio rivers. Heaven has placed these people under the guardianship of the I'nited States, with many more north and west of those rivers, not accidentallv or fortuit ously. Heaven has actually placed them within tlic limit* and jurisdiction of oar government.? I presume it will iiuvcrbe a question of cold cal culation witii our government, whether we sliall avail ourselves of the value of the many thou *andK of those huninn beings, and thereby add strength to the republic j or by a vindictive poli cy consign them to, and hasten their descent to, utter extinction. I liave lately seen a number of letters under the signature of Aincricanu*, published in the Democratic Press, Philadelphia. Ainericanua has descended from Uie high ground to which his signature would seem to entitle him. It inav be sport to the writer, to aim his deadly arrow's *t the very existence of a large portion of the hu nau race, iust emerging fi-omtarbarity to civi lijtation. In some of the Indian tribes, civiliza tion is considhrahly advanced already, aome in dividuals of which- tribes are very decent and , veil informed ; men whose minds and aenti nonts are too much refined to deacend to lan guage used by that writer, and illiberally ap plied to the Indian women without any qualifica tion or discrimination ? Draggletaifed; dirty, filthy, blanketted squaws." What a tissue of vulgarity, rudeness, cruelty, and injustice J Again?" You cati.no more convert an Indian into a civilized man, than you can convert a ne ?r? >?to a white man i the animal configuration aiul propensities are different." ThiMoet de clamatory obsfrtpHon, though not quite ao vul gar as the flrat (a equally *s voW of credibility. That there aw some Indiana who are well in formed, and of decent, handsome manners anil deportment, is well known. And as t*> utiimai configuration, if there is a difference, it will be foUild in favor of the Indians j and, if a, stntua >y should want models for the humnn figure, he will find the most perfect amongst the southern Indian tribes south of the Ohio river. There is ill! occasion to go to Greece or ltdfe for models for the sculptor ; and if propeiisitlifc have any analogy to configuration, the Indian musl haw: the best. Americanu* is animated on subject of physiognomy. On this subject, facts are Inst ter than declamation, \baut now half ul* the t;herokce nation are of mi.veil blood bv inter marriages with the white people. Many of t(fc?e are as white as any of our citizens. There are some of tho aboriginal Cherokee* who have ne ver used any particular care to guard their, faces from the action of the kiiii who have ^immI com plexions. ^ rin-re is nothing in uaturo yet disco vered to give these |>eoplc a distinctive, intrin sically distinctive charucter, Irom the great cha racter of wan. If by dissection it can be proved that there is any error,any defect in the nervous system, and that the brain receives no impressions except such as are distorted and vicious *nd barbarous, then I will acknowledge tfiat the Indian may bwvo propensiuMW. different from the Europeans and there descendants in this country, anu that they are not entitled to tlie common eharactcr, which we in our pride, accord to human nature. I have frequently attended at the school* for the instruction of ia Indian children?seen them by classes g<) through their exercises. On these occasions I have seen tears of joy steal cheeks of benevolent men, men who rejoice at the diffusion of knowledge amongst those long lost part of the human rare. The Cherokee* universally believe in the being of God j they call him the great .Spirit; they men tion him with rovercnce?with thein, his attri butes are power und goodness. They never profane the name of God in tJleir own language. They have no sut of words that they can combine to profane thu name of God. There it> no doubt of these jieoplo being capable of receiving the highest improvement. Khali we consign some hundred thousand ?f those pcoplo whom Providbnce has placed under our rare to eternal night and oblivion, without an efthrt to preserve thorn! If Americanus could nee these people as I have done in tho course of fifteen years, he would not consider them as un worth v of cultivation and in a few years of being blended und incorporated with us m a part of our rising empire? lie would ssy, thrse are our long-lost brothers?wo will have patience with them when they go astray, we will biing them back, and'point out to diem the rou?' v.id show them the value of civilisation, it will make them hap py, and will add to the strenth of the republic. 1 have often compared them to the condition of a foundling laid at the door of charity, on which, if we turn oor backs, he will perish > but if we take him in, he may one day help to defend the buuse. l(. J. MK1GB. MEMORANDA M\I)K IN P.UHOVR. 1815-16. Go to Waterloo, and St. Jnnn, half a fondue farther on the road to Charleroi, take n conduc tor, .111 intelligent peasant who served an an an* Mutant in the buttle, and who findn fitll employ* merit in Ioh present occupation from the vast I number of MrangerH, especially KuglUh who vi- j sit the battle ground. Visit chateau of llouxo*: mont'on the ltritiftti rijjlit- wing, nearly demo*' liihed by artillery and codflogration, fgiiido snyi, the French made a lodgment in IKo garden, vui VT %?? ?mpWo nub I ?* 0fl andburn ?,th- ;">? WtW. d? auw. ESSAS^^?" Thffifefc? wl,lch wcr J^ed i<> it. n?tf nwd quarters of Honanarto wor. S dSrtoTthln *1? rC*r' *"* ^J>riticf|M .Iri Si SlL0"00."""" "?>>? a'h small farm niilo from "?? near ncno All W^SKris ssw:?tSSl nun and retaken with immense slaughter ?"??ft* *n,0'l h?U"w way parallel w llritishline, most dfeHperately f?ud,t f. riW^ ,a8t ^ ,h? ftritislf o the liritifth height before the left winir long but a very weak sparse hedge, Hca?i itC'd""* "|? w|,o|? ? pobition there wciti no rumparts,but a liti before some cannon. I he ascent was ho slight and u that the French cavalry could chargo aft feS!IVnS9 ?Cept <,Ctl' between die two armies was some obstr ^lUlwt rrnmn?',er*b,? t* 4?lM?Ve,,t<??? ] ^ b^ail JS2?Uv^n* or *,v?ncing. ho7ev?^wf.tff* "\*Ln rotd frorn ?'? now ever, which passed through the Brttis !?.!."?v'r/ tS ?X! Fwnefc 'a ,t*k?n or rfl. I J2 wL,ero Prince of Oranr fsstiaiMsrawS KiKESSB? SStiSi i.1' first turned hl&ck^ 'Ifc tween his station and English line) also, the Knglish and llrfrtoveSan cavalry mad. famous and unprecedented charges on I cavalry ) they were in two lines t nine s Hive timca they advanced In rotation, tht line charging uh noon as the swords of th weie heard to clutdi, who retired to the i reform and renew in their turn the same . Iiieces 5 y ,itvra,,y c"t tiie Fren After the battle the field was covered w ltd H<|uart>ti ol the French literally piled 01 other, and with ttiouHindsof wounded cr\ agony " companion for the love ef Ood me .he; this my conductor repeated in Fi in a tone of horror which perfectly convinc ?t wan the echo of a terrible-reality forciW Srt3.b: mem0ry- Near th? termii 01 Ute battle arose a most serious false i whid. redoubled the miseries or the engage A cry of Freuch victory was caused ly, 3* Pr^??rs being inarched tollr with colorsdisplayed, or as some sunt>o k.,?l ftt,' Kr.nct,. S cZE stove their liquors and destroyed provision w.U,inhabitant. aed ?,^"2 ' to Brussels, whisli was loaded with wre sssrsftir*cru rhtd to death in u> fusion. tor tins some of the oumn>imiflri?* v SfearaEfeai. m f j j. J?0** ** the French could be - sed, during this time all the latter and mini the former were compelled for wantofsbelt* t'l^wirJI **p>*ed on the field ofbu tliey were, however, humanely supplied w much provisions and water aswulS Vproc ?J f1" />orfectiJr *?" informed, though si. Vu fi k mU' T *"** inform ml French KiiglUh officers, that Lord Wellington, nut stunding his uniform and unparalfel succei exceedingly unpopular in the amy, both officers amf men. This is attributed to hi, bending pride and unyielding severity " cominwfcarait.iiow theWin tlio world, wa tremely faulty when tliey were in ttpain. I teen rrencli I. ommissnries were bribed to < over to thnm, but tlie defect was found to not in the system, which was sui>erior tc French, but in its exeoittion. The soldier* often starving from the negligence and pe tiun of unprincipled commis?arieA t innlea hwjglnflr an tliey deserved, Lor* WeHIr, IwJ soldiers hung by doaens for touching Hlightest food, <>f Hie inhabitants. This ca . the greatest discontents, and Lord Hill op < pronounced his general order against the irr jnrities ol the troops, a libel on the army. ) iriJhlP? ? '??tw|th employing R few Scotch ? !it? fl l! '' niostliloody and df rate fighting, and favoring some Knglish c officered by noblemen, which, from nft figh ^-im" ?oW,er8.? v?7 ?ptlv termed inv, i , 11,0 ,>eJt opinion Is that I^>rd Wellin hoa been, wuialled, perhaps surptHsed, in ge in gr??d "Unt^c In France could not procure pornmvo Jndh.nIh?n |?***n,ir,e a,,y theirfortifico and in the only instances where myself or friendI requested permi?slon of the command we met such pbiuted refusals au preventnl making a similar request a?ain. Tlie same ficnlty occurred in Ifollanif, and the Rnrop offleeraofgovcrnmei.t irr general haveajea \tvto ie a very strongly Unified placc, n of tho works are by Vauhsn, the remsindet the time of (Juisf. 'rhe Moselle and BeiUc round the city, can be introduced into the di and make great inundations, for this puri t it v itsrof a hrge pfind, fyur leagues dUt