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TiE IUMIE IINNI. J. S. RICHIARDSONJac. JOl1N R. LOGAN, I urrons. WEDNESDAY, JUNE 7, 1851. T- Persons w ishinr to see us uon business connected with the Paper or Law, can find us at any honr during the day, except frot four to live in the aliernoimn, at our office, just back of Sor.oatoss' New Store. All businers connected with the paper miust be transacted n ith Wi r.t.ai l.EWIs, JonN S. RnitiAn soN, jr., or It. C. LocAN. Mr. R. C. LoGAN, the Foreman of Banner Office, is our only authorised Agent to receiv'e money and give receipts for the same, and imat ahavas be found at the lBanner Oflice. All letters addressed to the /laincr must be pre-paid to insure attention. Oui' Corarespondence. Our usual litters from Wasinigton and other cities tin led to reach its this week in time for this issue of the Banner. We will endeavor to see tp it, that this does not occur a;rain. F. J. Moses, J. D. Iian... dling and R. L. Heriot. We state a. a matter of jtie'ic to the ahbv named gentlenir thlt thitir :aswers to the (piestion propotnled have been profl'red to us for publication, but in con sehuence of want of room they have had to he postponed tor another issie. TI'he Veither. Well, whit of the weather ! why a great dea! of it anrd of all sorts twi. WVas it not an hot mV abolitionim on W1ednes:iv and oh Thursday as cold as a chureb in De cember, was not fires comfortable, have we not had plenty of rain and is it not warm again ? of corse---vll rot of it ? The Hlard Romi1. One of our militia ofiicers ofindecd at. a recent editorial which api cared in this pa per on the nilitid .y/cmv, yesterday stop ped his subscription. The country will indeed be in a deplorable condition. wvhen the press caniot expose and abuse the rottenness of a Sitate intitutieon and advo cate a change for the better, without giving personal oflerice. lut in this case, we camiot imagine that any ve could possi bly take personal oftice at, or arrogate to himself, re marks directed at the whole miptia system. What t hen, is this an at tempt to bridle Ot frecdoi: of speech ? It need not be attempted ; for every -tub scriber thus lost, we.hihave assurances, from the justice of our fellow citizens, of more than an equivolent. The Candidates. We publish to day Major A. C. SrAIN's and JAS. E. VITrsI:I'ooN'a antiswers to the rpiestions pro:0onnded, in the Ia:it Rlan ner. by "Freedom " and "ourselves." WVe say " mrselres " as ithe Major has so termed it. though in reality we but re pcated (anid .so professedl to do) what oth. ,rrs haud propounted or called upon uts to propounid for them. In iMajor SiAJ's an Ewe*r, it will be cccin, that we are 'alled :tpoin h as witnesses "' to say whether his a sentiments and principles do .or do riot fluctuate withI the piopula r breth-or what is worse abide ipjndar opin:ion:' We can conceiin of no reasoni why wee should lie called up~oin for suich ani answer except it he that the author construes cur remartks editorial upon the silence of the caundidautes, ov supposes that themwvould lie conrstruied by others as insinuing that such was fhe case with hrimself-and the rest uf the canididates-fc't our remaar ki were address ed to all. It wouli be didliciult, vee believe, after a fatir, canidiud anrd imptlartiali review of our remarks, to arrive at any such a con elusion, yet to this suPpsi/ion we an swer that we 'i:ende no insinuar1iom against himself or othiers liut that our 00. ject wvas merely to call atteintion to the jus tice, the necessit y anti t!!e podiry of a n ear aavowal of opinion rald sen rtmonts uiponi till proper matters, on ihe Ipart of t i:e cart didates. IIaving made thi.; explintat ion we deem that we have done all that conuld he expected or'retiuired cf use, -we are vwill - '-hg. however, to give the Major the beni.. lit of our oii olt and we might say k;nou'I edge upon this point andi therefore we an siver himt frankly. WVe do riot baeliese that you r " sentitmn ts arnd prinrciples fluctuate with rte piopular bircath or what is worne abidc popuhr opiniori " anid ne have seldlomt kniown a miaiin re hold arid independtent ini t he forimatioin arid advocacy' of sentiment arid principle than yourself. . As long hack as we have krnovin ycnr sen Stifnients you have alvays maintained, as r.4 as we are aware, the scntimeints you dio 9 advocate, WVe admit that there are " other rodes of cormmrunicatinig ones cotntimecnts titin through the columntirs of a niespaper,"~ hut wc st ill t hink that! mcde t he maost pubdlic andl efectire of all others. l'crsuns frequently dlesire to' know tire senitimnents of a Candi dlate arid yet refrain fromi bsking therm. anid mnaiw htave nct the oppiortuniity'of asking tihem, bitt once- publish thiem in the col umons of a newspaper and they are pilac. arded before the face of the wvorbl. Wec congratulate thre Major upori having idopt. ed this best mode.- . The End of niNI things. 'fd mnost sanguiine of the Millerites pre dict that' the end of all things inust happent thi. year hod perhaps in the month of Juno. Be that, as it. may the following advice f-rim a cotemparary should be observed by -& beleiv'ers and unhieloivers. "hit tire men time we advise the comnmunity riot to *be ralarmed, butt Buggest, that eacht moan Po live,.That whatever' happens, he mray meet it with courage. The end of the world comes to thousands ever ' day." 1The Suanter' ailanat So.. ciety. This society held a meeting pursuant to the call of the Presidcut on Monday last in the Court Hlouse. The mnecting a large and respectable one was orgarized by call ing the President to the cbair and a ppointing 1. S. litcnatttrsoN jr., secretary of the meeting. The minutes of an extra meet ing held February S21tlh 185 1 wete read and approved. The chair announced the meeting ready for the transacti,n of biusi ness, whereupon Messrs. (cetnr..tN, R.Ten Ar.nsoN aiil I .itFT severally addressed the meeting upon the progress the society had made in carrying out the objects of its organization and the necesity of renew ed and increased exertion and dilligence ott the part of members. The chair announced that out of 17 indictments lodged by the society "true bills" had been found in 16 instances and the other was lost only in conseprence of the absence of a , anateria wit ncss, who would be forth coming at the next term when the indictmmt'"it would be renewed. ie reported three or four new eases as ready for indictnent. Major Srais called for the ntuber of the inem hers belonging to time Society and the call of their nanes---whereupont the Secretary read aloud their iinues and rcportcd 85 in rI1. )r. J. 1. 'i rrs nroved to alter Ile the Cons!itution of the Society so as to constituite a guard of six to do duty for 1 t hours in lien of the original guInrd of 10 which did duly for one week at a time. ''he mtrotion was secotnded and adopted. It was moved seconded and adopted that the proceecdings of this meeting he published and the Socidy then adjourned, L. P. L.O RI NG( Pres't. . S. R'.:etnros jr.. See'y of M. Columnbia and Hamburg R~ailroad. We Icarn from the Urolin an that Mr. d. G'. (ur ts, the engineer in charge of t:is woiric. as com dteed a survey of a route from Col hia to harnburg, mid is new engged in mak ing a survey of another route fIrorn Ila ihu rg. The dihTerence of distance in the two roads Iroposel, is stated to b,% oliy five mcilt.s. Wiilstaisageton N. C. The completion of the bridge across the Pee Dee Hiver, on the line oif the Wilnington and lanchcster Railroad cotnot be loug postponed, when there will he in -n tznbr'ken coneetion with Wil muington, our rearest market and the one most easy of access. The ability of Winington to supply our dlemands and her on'u et to oier in ducenents as a tarket for the sales of ou r pr;dects are qiestions :re.diyn attracting attention in t his scetin ot the State. Wilimiingtont is no doubt in a state oif tranusi tioni and iminprove ment, wanting bit, the entterprising' hand of internal improvemnents fr'tely able to ci e wi th atny Southbern Seaport and take her stanid amongst comm iiertial c(i tics. TIhe i niportanttce of suich ac course of action is by nio means unapprcia:ted in North Car!!:a: "O( hi lRip "' is not ontly a waLe, but rijybcv ahbeadl. As pr~o, f of' this and a proper regar. or their own interests, we.( ntotic~e tlie ..eount ts anid aictioni of certaint con':entionts re eeitly held in W ilmington for deep etnitng the Bar and foringjt new lines oif railway conncectinig her wvithm lhe rich fields of the St ate. A coni ven-. tion has also bieit cailled in Charlo'tte, hiavi; for' is ilbject~ the con's.trtion of a road to be ea!!led the A\thmntie, Tfenntessee aund Ohio railread, v:hiceh is to extend fr -in W'ihiniiigton throungh Charlotteti to Jo inesb oro in Teitnessee andi~ ':unneet u itht the "' I)antville "' and " Western lInteion "t I oadi4 . Suefi an undtertaikinmg, wvill d oublelss attract the attention its imiportance iinerit~s and if fe'asibhe, will he catrrie'd (out, certai nly to thec ad vant Iage oif No rthI C!aroina, bt nut to the seicuts idetri mett of the inlteres;ts of C'har les tn, as somie of ouir cotemlporaries seemn t~o apprehend. A city (climting thie trade that, Chiarleston does, atnd is strivitng for, should he eqjtual to anly Ccmpetitionu, if nlot, then she ust recede; of this hwerwe have no fear :!nd hail with equal pleasure the evidences of the progressive- march of im provenmenit in W'tilmningt on or Chiarlest.on. 'bfhe Fugi4~ve Birris. PTe Uniited State~s commU~issiner at Ilostotn has crrmanded the fugitive Slave -Burns to his matster-a telegraphtie despatch to the .Chtarleston JFerrury says: T1he feeling~ tliroughout the city upon th~e ann~otuneeincut of tis decisiont, was intense. MAtaiy ff the stores we closed and bumilding's were dIraped in mroturning. 'The United States flag was hung at variotus points clothed in black. Every avenute leading- to the Couirt square wits densely thronged with the .highly excitoil p)opulace. 'The military every where were saluted with hisses. 'The fugitive will be tatketn down State. street, to- Cetral wharf, abouit 'two o'dioek; p. mi.'guarded by rite hundred atnd fifty j. S.- troops, with a nIne potttdetr loadled with 'grape shot, A large force otf.1'lie noe stationned on Central wharf, where an immense crowd is assemibling. The bells are tolling i' te neighboring villages. lho Mayor placed the city in charge of the Military. Abolitiom Excitesactat. It is impossible to disguise the fact, that never in the history of this conti. neut has the anti-slavery party of the North been so violently excited and rampant as at this time. 'Thie press of the free States, with but a very few exceptions are grossly vindictive and ruost insolently abusive of the institu tions of the South, and bolly declare, that anarchy war or incendiarismi would be preferable to the present pos ition of our government. What has called urth this spirit and where will it end ? These are vital and mnost in portant questions, such as cannot, fail to arrest, the attention of every true patriot and cause hime to panse and ponder. The passage of the couprom ise measures in 18,>0, bought a respite at the sacrifice of e unstitutiunl rights -a triumph of' the constitution hias brought, upon its d eleinders a storm which has increased ten fbld in violence from its short and delusi ;"e .s h Uuzbr. In the ranks of religion, where peace and brotherly love alone should rein, the fires of enrmit v and hatred to the South burn with unparalleled flry, eve ry class of citizens lenading their voil ( and denunciations to fan the flame; even the terehant who sucks his sustenance from Southe n products, in forgetih. ness oflself interests, wou Id point the dagger against his o"' n prosperity, and len (1 aid to abolition encroaehminets are these the fruits of the Nebraska bill, a triumph, not of the Slh, but of the Union and the constitution ? It must he so and brings to every candid mind condlusive proof of the utter inn. tility of all 'compromises with such Norithern principles, as are aimed in hatred ana 'ipposition to the wel lfre (f the Southern sections of this IH'.'pu b lie. 'Th'e r testiol'. must .he abhitiii i onisnm or slavery, one that cannot, be longer postponed, compromises do but in Crease a difliculty, which -we cian as well meet now, as at a ttiture day. Mr. Iovs in clsinI is able remarks upon the N:l rasika tlu; sms up our relations vwithI the North " Iefbre the No rth are two f'.tur one d isuniion, anarch', ela.e , losS of liberty, inglorious wars, a miserable 1..1:arism tr tlt: South A in(ric.an I t'p1n1li.S', the: otl'e uion , at c( ntin - ine in hii e seu signal a urse o, p,"s. perity, uni -r.!lld greatn'ess 11nd gh, h:esitate wh ichm to chooe. Fot'r im pal t , whtate ver imelanchoi.''v13 od~. in~gs I inay have i on th'e subic'et, I ardently hope. ais :a lover of hinit v, '.hlat the peo plc of the NorthI mr I' iniducedl toa chiios'e te wiser couri s. Every thing depends Ipon thme Nuothi we of' the South aire in the reinlorit v wve ale p'os~ive'; we nutmke no warup thia or their inisitumtioins; we deshe co.cor~ud, if' it i e poissible; we demndii mnceel justice :.ndl the Constitutio'n' l's's thant thiat w'e could not demn' "i with sAr-fety to ourselves.' The Ha~rds. Tbic followving is an ex tract from an a.-h esst of' the "* hard shll " ~ detinocra. (-y iin conigr, s-, to thei r conistit uents in New Y'ork: uts t'o believe that the ianuihineit of' the th lirstli -f I . etries o f' ntvasures, lo ng. prenme'di.ted andt deU iberately persnted, havsing I'the ai r objeqict. the inrma tion of ai great, setiontal oir southern party ' of whlich thle pr'esent E 'xecu ivye '-un'ino of the sna':e politir::1 s:hIemie, it Iwas <h-t eruiminedI at an early day to ace qire C'ubla atteely reideliss of conise qjuiec. 'J!Th st'isure o f' the 'steamier l~Iack \\Varriior, by th actuthtorities at 1 lavania, afi'brdeid M\lr. Sotile, as' we are credibly iiitnirmed, the oijportitly to aiddr.ss'- a c.O imuniicaltion to the Spani ishi g ivn ii'nt sa ins,,lei., in tonie so in languai-r of a1 eblarai'ter si insulting as t'. rend(er co.mipliaince wvith his-de!. nimnds in the highest deigree imnproh-t ble. Whet her the aflhi r will be aid just ed, or whether we are about, to be preci p itated mtiei~ a war', nme Iuroblems that. tiiine alonie cani sol.vt'. Thlat, am elti i will lie made', dlireetly or iindirectly, it. the comptjiest of' Cubai, aind its inicor-' portini into theC ( inin as aod itLional Islave Lerrito'ry, namits, -w'e thial: , of little dotubt. Unider such grave and potent ous circumtstanpces we are tuiwilling to coni tribte, b.y our votes or other'w'ise', an~y aid or assistaince to these selfish and destructive schemes, although under' a dijb'rent .tate ofj thing, w'e would r'e gar'd the aunexation of' Cuba with tie. eid. d favor; anid hioweve' calatuitous a war mnight be, when satisfied that the rights of' our aitizens have been violated, and red res dhomanded in vain, we woiuldl enf'otce justice at whatever haizards." AN Imuuftls RIDDL.-It Was~. dlone wvhen it was biegun, It was done1 when it was half done, and yet wasn't done when it wats finished. Now what wats it ? Of course you can't guess ? WVill this do ? imothiy Johinsoin courted Susannah Dunn. ,It was D~unn when it begun, it was hunn whien it was half' done, and yet wasn't Dunin whfen it nas done--for it was Johnson;' For the Banner. Messrs. E'ditors :-" Freedom " and yourselves in the last, Banner call upon tme, with others, to answer certain que. ries. I beg to say that I have sought 110 vote, coicealing or misrepresenting my opiniens, and that there are other modes of conniucating oue's seuLi mnciits than th roughi the colutins of at newspaper. No voter has sought from rule an opiin, who has not received a full and frank response. ly " s-iti lienlts and principles do not, fluctuate with the popular breath," nor, " what is w orse, abide popular opinion." Oui this point, genltlenen, I call you as witnesses. 1ir't, the qluestions editorial Your vi- .W on establishing the Penitentiary systemui in the State." OI this subject lly mind has iot at. tained a satisfactorv conlusion. I alrn not inl 1ssession1 of the statistics of crimhe in this and other Stales, nor do I know how the system works wherm established. In Georgia it does not sem to have riet the objects ofits erea tion. It doesC not pay exNpenses, nor does it suppress crime. I believe, at one tine, the 'enitentiaiv was "to let," whether it has actually been ret ed I do not, know. I doubt wlihetlier the terrors 'tf a l'enittentiary, With hard la bor, !ha,': head, and stripje1 pants, would more reaodily restrai iin act of violence, OI the pt I of an ingry lau, than those of tle jail, fnles and csts, or whether the ellect on1 the party punis.l ed would be miore' who lesome. One Ibniceficial etlfect of the s" m mtenig !'I:ht be that, in the lhigher grades of crilme, the infliction of puiilimeit 1, in ebaracter with the o(fi'ene, Imiigh t be more cc.in;. but lietlier the ell'et wo ili be pro. iicedl of (lecreasilng Cl ime, is a prob. 1em, I inl inc to think, rather resolved against the system. If a systemt could bw deviseif that wold effectially sup press ~'cites and misdemeanors, it should be adopted at any cost. flit Whenever it fiais short of thii, just to that extent, slildjhe question of cost be conidere.. In the laruer States with a poiijauation ii'e. dense and more erininal. the svtemn may be neuessary. liit is there a.liieient an 1 iit of t rime in ihi;: Sia-e to warraint the outlay ? The jails must be retained tor the sane. kee iig of prioners till convietion. Nothing, or but little, would thereibre be savei on this hi hd. Could e lneiti. tentoiary in this St. der ray E Ith -C.jei Gnes ofi 1atiiljNetus !it. PaY its superin tennl:1it and other onie' aIs ?1 I ntw of vtiy few cases in Sumuter, fur ye:rs, tl.at cuild have tiirui.lied an1t inmate. Ilut I 3-hall not enilarg~e on this siubject. ben g, as I .1id. undecided and ol en to 'o your ..etnil, I do ni sippose a seiouis aniswer is coniitempi~ lated. I wiuild hise my self respecct, in houldingi~ tithe thirough the inifluieic oC(f lhe biottie, or thle jig. I seeh to repreisenmt ti-eemten' through:J ipen, honest liirtais. A voite bougl. t::-: by ithi a p'iit, inay be sol to miorrow\ f,,r a gili 'lTe <ues't ions uof ' "Freed~om "' in re v'ers': ord2er "* 3. Will yo ::, orwlv you not vote fra imotdifientin (f the precsent militia systemi, see as to relieve the c'tizeni of' the znerousi anid unn iecessairy bu rdens that he. is new ealled to bear ?"' Yes,~'* preservin th Ii: troel and v:!mt. teer feaitutres. "2. W\ill you, or will von nit vote to) 'ont inueC the' preset, approriauJtioni of the F.ree School l&nd fair the pu11r 1 osso popiilar oean.tin ;1 and w'.ill yoti or wilil yiu not vote~ ifhr se m pro vemiien t on lhe presenit syvstemn? Yes, withI all imy hieatrt would I vole fair (i *y mpr"-:e i.nt on the p reset systeii. I woul pay as mucnh. andl vote to Ipay as i m ehi to inst rue't ever~y eit.'in in the State to irced, wri'te', and~ Lthh :k 1 ur him nsel' a s ait y ,thert citL'ize or rephresenitaitiVe. i'yanoance, rot in/tiqpinc !s the Iban'e of free~ inst i iutionsil. I hope~ to livye to see the day in SuthtI C~arolina, whlen every voter will thtinki, act., and' vote for' him sel f, and when the race of demaigogunes .shall ha~':e "l desended to the tomb~ of' te Capulllets.'" "I1. If yvou are elect ed .to the Legis. liature will you or will1 you not vote for a llill to give the5 electioni of Elee. tori.' (if President red Vice Pre'sident oft the l'nited States to the peopl 'e ?"' .1 prefer the piresent matde ofanp'oint. tfng electors, to any mode suggested, and intfimitely to the presenlt modo in evecry uSate (e~n ept- this) to wit, the general ticket system ; a~ mode pro nounced by Mr. Calhoun to be "' utter ly idmissile " froml " numelilrous and inlsurmiiountabile obijectionis."' I pre'fer it, be'cauise the jeole in of' feet., b y it, con Itrol thle elect ion in this State, in '.rd!usion oif the demagogue, the ofr'dhluler, and .the oflieu-seeker. Mr. (Cilholtn says tiia in the other State~s " the usage of' partiesW" has " virtually suspiended the complex axid refined macnhimery provided by the Constitution f or '.he c tinn of' 1e+i. dent, and Vice President." "Th nwnination of the successful party, b: irresponsible iidividuals maehs, il reality, the choice." Speaking of Lh c:a ucus nominations of electoral ticket by the diflerent political parties, I says, ." but the few of each, who forn the ticket, actually make the appoint nient of the electors. * * Neve Was there a scheme better contrived t transfer power from the body of th comfmunlity, to those whose occupation i to get or hold oflices, and to merge th contests of party into a mere struggi for the spoils." I prefer the pres'n mode because the agents employed ar chosen by and responsible to the peoplc and because I do not desire to take thi control of the electionfront the people I prefer the present mode to tho JDis /rict Ticket system, first, because thi influence of the State is exerted as unit, not subject to division ; and se conliy, because tie District Ticke systemi has been aloined by every Stat that has made the experiment of it. Once lin the history of our cduitry di one District inl North Caroliia an< one in Virginia control not only til choice of these States respectively, bu of all the rest, andl give to the l 'nio inl 17'17 John Adams as President it stead of''homias .1eirson. 'The latte received 20 out of the 21 votes of' Vir giniia, anid I I out of the 12 votes o North Carolitw. Thus by the )istric svstemi small nwhjorities in two )is tricts, representinig small mlinorities o those i espective States gave to tl country its Chief Execeutive, who aftei one term was (lefeated by his formei coinpetitor. The division of ?he vott uf'the .State Ied to the abandinment o the District system iby all the Stater, and if' b>tIi Carolima now changes tc the District system, it will uily be the prehude to the othcr. I prefer the pres:nt mode becaus, iii my jidgment, it is not on/y constitu tiona/, but because it is tie mode in tEnd(er/ to be pursued by the Patriots who foim'ied a c'onstitultionmal govern icent for 1:3 sovereign States. If therefore the South Carolina rodt of appointing electors is the oue in tended by the constitution, there is nl u.SUr'n.n en the part of the Le.. isa lure and no abridgement of the right: of the i'eople. Such is my faith a; "tone of the people," and thi argumienl is, in part, as liWlows : The very word: ot' ttls eonetitution itself suggest til idea. Art. 2., See. 1-., 's ir. thes words 'fThe executive power .hall be vested in a President if.-thie United States o Amrica. 1 ie shnll hold his ofiL duin ~g the termn of four' years. and, to get her with thec Vice Pre'sdent, choser for' the si.men timie, lie elcted, as follows ". Eachl State s/hal/ Eloin ju, in such moan ner' as the I gialure thereof mayv di rect, a nlumbeir of electrs," &!c. Thei words " eppoen t"' nd "elect' are useid ini tihe const ituiition to conii diff'eent ideas, and even iduas of oppo sition. Whenever time framnei-s of tin conistitutii on initeiided an eletion thes used the word. And unless this clause foirms the exce'ption, it w'onid be d izli. culit to finid inm that iinstronen t lhe wvord " pin/jOl.t " -used in -t lie samte senst wi th thle word "e/ct." Examples. Meiiber's of' the Uouse of' lIe;resentativyes are to be chiosei every scaud year by the' people of th<i several States, and no one shall be lierentative', who shall not wher eetedi lie an i nhabi tant of' that.State .it wvhich he shallI be ehosen. Two Sena to re;a art t.o. be electeid from each St att4 byw the IeislaThturei, amid in case of' va canocies dluring the recess oif the Leais lat urie, lie Exective mut': m''tak e teim No Senautoir o' 1 epr'esentativ cat during theo time foir which lhe wa e leteid, he' EIJp;fioi to) any civil .ifilee &ce., cr'eittedI during his term. T[he l'iensideint has poweir by stmm with the advice of the Senmate~ to inoi natc and aJ'point Ministers, Consuls Jiuidges, ke. - !Aesides, the costittionm aind amnd umnt s thrioughoaut speak of the oflice o .u elector as an 'tppoinfnment-a'n ap pointmnent by a State ini its politica capacity, through its omrgamn, the Legi~ lature, as (dist inguished f'rom the act o: its seporate member's as individuals. Such is the construdt ion of' the bon venttioni, by whomti the consti tutioni was originated. On the 17th of'Septembei 1787, the convention agreed to th< constitution aind ordered it to be scnt with a letter and certain. resolvyes to tin Congress of the confederation then ir session. 'The first Re'solutioni expressei the opinion of the con vention that t ii< constitution should "lie submitted tc a convenition of delegatos, .chosin ii eaich State by thec p'cople theteot:" Thu second e.:pr cass thfe opinion " that at soon as the convention ofninio State: shall have ratified this condtitution,thli United Stat'es in Congre'ss iisemblei should fix a day on whieli elector should( be appointed by the. States, whicl shall have ratified thisanio. * * 4 e That after such publiciation the electors should be appointed, and the Senators i anid lRepresentatives elected." 'Th it by the word used, the constitu. s tion contenplated another thani a pop1. ular uppointment, is further exemplified 1 by the use of the term prior to the 17th of Septemn ber 1787, tai the in' erpret a r Lion (f its meaning by the practice of a that period. The very conrention, c whose labors resulted in the constitu a tion, was the creature of a recoin amen. 2 dation of the 14th September 1780, of - Commissioners, appointed by the Ley. t islaturos of New York, New Jersey, l ennsyl vania, Delaware and Virginia, who met at Annapolis. 'I hey recom mended to the other States, " the ap pointment of Commissioners to meet at Philadelphia on the second Monday 3 in May, 1787, to take into cansidera tion the situation of the United States." Congress, 21st February 1787, declar t ed it expedient " that on the sceond 3 Monday in May 1787, a convention of Sdelegates, who shall have been appoint I ed by the several States, be held at I I'hiladielphia." Under these recon aiuendatiorns, delegates were appointed, t and did meet on the day named. i The Cdnstitution and Government of 1 the United States were the ofl prings of that meeting. Ilow were these dele -gates appointer? In rery Stlte, by F the Legislature thereof, except Rhode Island, which never was represented. I clai:n their acts as ccmuentaries on their mordls. After this resume, one rem-i, per haps not rermane to the subject, may -be pardoned. The Legislatukcs of the States were tIa promoters of the unity F' and liberty of the people, and not the usurpers of' their righits. " Pre-existing bodies " were then bulwarks of liber ty, order and ut-ioti', not towers of ty ln, anarchy and confusion. In genuous minds do not suspect wrdng :in those whose labor results in their good. \Why should not thme convention, rig imated and crnpowered as statld, en trust State L'g.isatures with electoral appointnents ? But this is not all. On the 1:h of September 17"48, after eleven of the o igiiial 'tates had ratified the consti tntioni (North Carolina anid IRhode Island iot voting) Congress "Resolved That, the first \Wdnesday in Januarys text be the Jay 6r ppointing electors in the several States, whith-before that day shall have ratified theom. d consti tution." E evry Sti'; is I .am inform. ed, by her Legislaturcs aJpoinlted elec. f tors, ju t as South Carolina then ad still does. Washington was unani muouslv elected, accepted an1 _d serv.ed. Latter day Prop1hets have discovered that he wvas the willing recipient of power conaferred by the appointees of eleven usurping Legislaeture.<. " Timeco I Tanaosi, et D1)oua erente's." Seventceen tirmes has South Cairolina unichallenuged cast her vot~e for Pa esi dent. Seventeen timrzes has it unc-hal lenge-d beenu (opened and counted in the Senate of' the lUnited States. New Yoik east her vote .froam the beginniing~ in thie same~ way douwn to '35 or '0 and Delaware dowii t'o 1814. And still this is not all. Congress in I1845 by havw directed the electoi-s to be appoin ted .bn a Ceraini Tu-egy in November of evdy fourth year. I also provided that each State might by law provide for the filling of any vacan cy that might occur in its electoral college before the vote was eatst. And further that if any S ate sliould fii to miake a choice of electors, on the afore vaid1 day, " then the elector's may .be appo:inted oin a subsequent day in such mnannmer as the Staxte shall by law pro vide." Ihere is a Congressional admis sion that vacancies may be supplied just as a Legislature miay provide---the constitution confers no such power on Congress,.it .is true ; hut if a Lecgisla ture may appoint to jill a vacancy, why mayi it not fill the whole college at once. And .why not do it as well withLout an e-lection, as after a failure to elect ? The dit~brent .States have I' legal proviion~as-on thesesubjects, and consequently admnit that .eleetdirs may I vote for President, without an elebtion by the people. F Without exhausting the ar'gument, or tou-ch$!ng any of the various other' - onsiddrationis of a more practical kind, I conehide my v'indication of thirty thr-e Legislatures of South Carolica Prom tihe charge of usurpation, by qtioting tihe most etninent Jurist of the aUnited States, and one of tihe most eminent Judges o-f South Carolina. Judge Stoniy wrote three volumes oil the constitution and speaking on (tis very subiject says, " the (oppo~. . mecnt of electors hasi been vatriously' provided for by the State Legislalures. In somec States the Legislatui'e hdve directly chosen the elebtors by theni selves, in others they h'ivi bee eboseti Iby , a general tiek66 tdroughout .Alc whole State, and ini otihek by the ,poog pleoin electoral distetyflxel lby the Louisistere, -a edtimni' tr-~r~ ete. air tors being appointed to each district. No question has ever arisen, as to the cotnstitutioinality of either iode, except that ofa direct, choice by the Legisla. ture. But this, though 6flein doubted by able and ingenious minds, has been firmly established in protice, ever since the adoption of the constitution, ar(' does not now seem to admit of Contro versy, even ifa suitable tribunal existed to adjudicate upon it. At present, in nearly all the States, the electors are chosen either by the people by a gen eral ticket, or by the State Legislature The choice in Districts has been gradu ally abandoned, and is now persevered in, but by two States." These have since changed. Governor Johnson, long an orna ment of the Bench in this State, in his message of November '47, says, " The present system has wor ked well here tofbi e, and I al, upon principle, op posed to any change, unless certain and practical advantages are to result from them. This certainly has ono advantage. The members of the Leg. islature have greater facilities ofascer taining the qualifications and claims of the candidates than the great masses of the people, and are therefore less liable to be imposed on by the artful misrepresentations of designing men. If you should think otherwise, it will be for ydu to determine whether to elect them by Districts or a general ticket. It is obvious that if the gener al ticket system is adopted, the up country will, on account of the greater number of voters, have the entire con trol of these elections." Then speaking of tie compromises between the up and low country he says, " The prin ciple of this compromise, has generally governed in the election of Senators to Congmess, and goodfith requires that it should be carried out in the c lectioi of electors." The constitution of the United states authorizes the Legislatures of the several States to prescribe the manner of appoiriting electors, and I =' have heard it urged that as the power was limited to prescribing the nianner, the Ligisiatures themselves had not the power to appoint. Our ihng continual usage gives the answer to this argu ment. ; but if tire questions was now open, I do .ot tliik there m ould be roon for mueh controversy about it. Thu power to appoint, necessarily involve. the right to direct the manne r its whidz the power is to be exeeuted, and :the: idea that one nidy iuthorize that to bi done, which fe himself is prohibited to do, would seem to involve a contrsi diection." Nir. Madison satys, "V Wthout th~i intervention of the State Legislatu~ es; the Presadeni o(f the United States ecan not be elected at all. T1hey must i all cases b'are a great share in his .ap~ pointmient, aud, willigperhaps, in mnost eases, ofthesmse'lves Ieeidme it." These are my viewvs and authority for them. But if the people Will hay-e a chanmge, predicate that change upon i special issue, made up and decided at the ballot box. That much at leabt, is due to the present mode for its age and the .good it has done. I rep~el the allegation that I desire " to withhold their .rights from the recile." " Cn stit-utionajl checks are necessary for the pt'eservatio~n of popuilar governments,'' so said Joh-. iUurledge, and added, "the people wanit to be protected against themselves; no man is so absurd as to rSuppose the people collectedly will consent to the prostration of their lib erties ; but if they be not shielded by some constitutional .cheeks they wiir sulfet~ t.heim to be destr-dyed to be destrofed by demi~gogues, who filclh the confidenice of the people by pre tending tc be their friends; demia-. goguus, wh,. at the time they nre soothi ing and cajuling the people with bland' and captivating ,speeceiesre forging chains for them ; demagogues, who arry daggers in their hearts, and .se ductive smiles in their hiypocritientl faces ; who are dooming the :people t& despotism, when they profess to be -e.g. elusively the friends of the ,people.; against subh desigu s and .arti~ices wero ourW constitutic'nal checks made to preseive the people of this country" mid agaitisV such " G'ood Lord delivei7 us." Respectfully, A. C. SPA IN.' For the Banner. Mecssr's Edieors :--Through your col unmns there hiave been i-ecently a series of que'stionis piipotnded to ihe candidates for the I.egistine, more particularly as re. gards the jtroprtiety o't' giving the Elee lion' of Electors of Prdadent and Vice Presider to the people; and I- will seek the same jnediumii to express briefly miy view's to~ tije 4 voters of Cl'arenmon't Nlection g'out y) q tveayeairs past, I hiave beecri in faynr of such a mlhan. e, bljdievinig that it would en ly~teni thn plici mind ron mnttlers of led. 9 policy, andm that .. lhe peopl~e wud reel fin creac ineterdiii ?Ihd actun of ihe" G~:mhGoverrnmiet, 'Thti cha~gne ~ro