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Awl. - - -4} ___- - - - - - - - - * - * ~ ~ ---.-. -. DEVOTED TO SOUTIIERN RIGhTS, DEMOCRACY, NEWS LITERATURE, SCIENCE AND TE ARTS. JAB. 9.0G. RICHARDS0N, Editor. 44 Q O - OTERMIS-Two Drs Pe A Wu. J. FRANCIS, Proprietor. VOL. V. SUMTERVILLE, S. C. JANUARY 15, 1851. N T1 o Dollars in advance, Two Dollars and Fifty-cents at the exiration of six months, or Three Dollars at me end of the at. paper discontinued until all arreara re paid, unless at the option of the rietor. 02AdvertisOrnnts inserted at 75 cts. per- square, (14 tines or less,) for the first and half that sum for each subsequent insertion. -ttrTho number of insertions to be mark ed on all Advertisements or they, will be published until ordered to be discontinued, -and chargedI accordingly. (i One Dollar per square for a single nsertion. Quarterly and Monthly Adver tiee:nents will be charged the same as a single usertion, and semi-monthly the same as new ones. All Obituary Notices exceeding six lines, and (oXnmnunications recomniending Candidates for public offices or trust-or puffing Etxhibitions, will be charged as Advertisemoents. itrRev. FRoEDERrcK Rust[, is a travelling Agent for this piper, and is authorized to receive subscriptions and receipt for the s-une Tue Force of Fear. At the close of the winter of 1825 -26, about dust in the forenoon, just as the wealthy dealers in the Palais Royal at Paris were lightning their lamps and putting up their shutters, (the practice of the major part of them at nightfall,) a well known mo uey changer sat behind his counter dhe, surrounded by massive heaps tEsilver and gold, the glittering and sterlintg cutrency of all the kingdoms of Europe. lie had well-nigh closed his operations For the day, and was enjoying in anticipation the prospect of a good ditnner. Between the ea sy chair upon which ho relined in perfect satisfactionp and the door ,whih ,opened i;to 't e noith -sidleof , )Ii t Brimenemq;dranl ufpwbtthtl; splediedfie: ab'ovC nentioetid s compose d, arose a stout wire partition, reachiing nearly to the ceiling, and resting upon the counter, which tra versed the whole length of the vr-om. Thus he was effectually cut ff fromn alt possibility of unfriend ly contact from any of his occa sional visitors; while a small sliding board that ran in and out under the wire partition served as the medium of his peculiar commerce. Upon this he received every coin, note, or draft presented for change; and hav ing first carefully examined it, re turned its value, by the same con voyance, in the coin of France. or indeed of any country required. Be hind was a door communicating with his domestic chambers, and in the middle of the counter was another, the upper part of which formed a portion of the wire partition above described. The denizen of this little chamber had already closed his outer shutters, and was just on the point of locking up his doors and retiring to his repast, when two young men entered. They were evidently Italians, from their costume and peculiar dialect. Had it been earlier iun the dlay, wvhen there would been sufficient light to have discerned their features and expres sion, it is probable that our merehant wvould have defeated their plans, for he wvas wvell skilled in detecting the tokens of fraud or design in the hu man countenance. Bat they had chosen their time too appropriately. *One of them, advancing to the coun ter, demanded change in the French coin for an English sovereign, which he laid upon the sliding board and passed through the wire partition. The mondcebantgei rose immnediately, and having ascertained that the coin was genuine, returged its piroper equi valenit by the customary mode of' tranisf'er. T1he Italians turned as if to leave the apartment, when lie who had received the money suddemuly dropped the silver-, as though acci now nearly dark, it was scarcely to be dentally, upon the floor. As it was expected that they could find the whole of the pieces without the as sistanice of a light. This the uncon scious merchant hastened to supply ; and, unlocking without suspicion, the door of the partition between thorn, stooped with a candle over the floor in ,gearch of the last coin. In this position the iinfortunato man was imn meodiately assailed with repeated stabs frm a pohird, aind at length fell, atf ter ai feeble tnd iuieffectual struggle, senseless, tend~nppirently lifeless, at the feeut of his assassins. A ousellerable time elapsed ore, or, he was discovered in this dread ful situation; when it was found that the assassins, having first helped themselves to an incredible amount of money, bad fled, without any thing being left by which a clue might have been obtained to their retreat. The unfortunate victim of their rapacity and cruelty was, however, not dead. Strange as it may ap pear, although he had received up wards of twenty wounds, several of which plainly showed that the dag ger been driven to the very hilt, he survived; and in a few months after the event, was again to be seen in his long-accustomed place at the changer's board. In vain had the most diligent search been made by the military police of Paris for the perpetrators of this detestable deed. The villains had eluded all enquiry and investigation, and would in all probability have oscaped undis covered with tlheic booty but for a mutually-cherished distrust of each other. Upon the first and complete successs of their plan the iucstion arose, how to dispose of their enor mous plunder, amounting to more than one hundred thousand pounds. Fearful of the researches of the po lice, they dare not retain it at their lodgings. To trust a third party with their secret was not to be thought of. At length, after long and anxious deliberation, they agreed to conceal the money outside the harriers of Paris, until they should have con cocted some plan for transporting it to their own country. This they ac co dingly dii, hurying the treasure under a tree about a mtile from the Barriere d'Enfer. But they were still as far as ever from a mutual un dorstanding. When they separated, on any pretence,- each returned to thospot whici mntained the tstolen treasure, 'whera of couu'&o bo. sre to find the tther. Suvnicion thus formled and feld soon grew into dislike ant hatred, until at length loathing the sight of the other, they and then eternally to separate. each to the pursuit of his own: gratifica tion. It then became necessary to agreed finally to divido the booty, carry the whole of the money to their lodgings in Paris. in order that it might aceerding to their notions, be equally divided. The reader titust here be remuimile.l that there exists inl Pal is a law relative to wines and spirit uous liquors which allows them to be retailed at a much lower price without the ba:i-riers, ti:ii that at which they are sold mithin the walls of the city. This law has given rise, among the lower orders of people, to frequent atteuipts at smuggling lionors in bdllers con cealed ahinnt their pc ers, often in their hats. The penal tyv four the of fence was so high, that it wias veryv rarely enforced, anl practically it n as very seldom, indeed, that the actual loss incurred by the ll'ending pat ty was any thing more tian the Ipaltry venture, which lie was generallyv per mittcd to abanidon, matking the best use of his heels to escaple anty furth er punishment.- The getidarmnes plantedl at the udifl'erenat harrers gene i-ally mtade a prey of- portables which they cap tured , anid wer:e conseq uen t ly interested in keeling a good look out fort offenders. It wais this vigi lance that led to the discovery of the robbers; for, not heing able to de vise any better plan for tlie reitoval of the money than: that oif sec-retin g it about their personis. they at tempted thius to cart-v out theriri object. .lhit as one of them, heavily eneumtibered withI the goldet spioilIs, was passinag th rough the Barieire di'En-tfer, one of the soldier-;olice was in duit y as sentinel, suspetig, friomi his alipear anice atid lhesi tat ing gait, that lie ca tied smnugglinig hjyuors in his hat, suddenly stepped bnehindl him i struck it froin his headl with hiis halheid -- What was his astontishmenit to be hold, instead of the expected bladder of wine oi- s pirii ts. seeral smalliI bags of goldl anad rolls of' English batnk notes! Thew cont fusiotini an pievat-i cation of' the wretch, who madie vain andi frantic attempts to recover' the proper-ty, betrayed his guilt, and lie was immediately taken into custody, together with his coimnanioni, whio followod at a very shor-t distance, was ghiesitatingly pointed out as the owyner of theo mooney. No time was lost in conveying intolligence of thou capture to their unfertunate victim, who immediately identified the notes as his own pr-operty, anid at the first view of the nsoashmt swrwn distinctly to the person of both-to the elder, as having repeatedly stabbed him; and to the younger, as his compan ion and coadjutor. The crimmnals were in due course of time tried fully convicted aswas to be expected, sentenced to death by the guillotine; but owing to some technical informality in the proceed ings, the doom of the law would not be carried into execution until the sentence of the court had been con firmed upon appeal. This delay af forded time and opportunity for some meddling or interested individual either moved by the desire of making a cruel experiment, or else by the hope of obtaining a reversal of the capital sentence against the prison ers-to work upon the feelingsof the unfortunate money changer. A few days after tho sentence of death had been pronounced, the unhappy vie ti:n had received a letter from an un known hand, mysteriously worded, and setting forth, in expressions that seemed to him fearfully prophetic, that the thread of his own destiny was indissolubly united with that of his condemned assassins. It was ev. idently out of their power to take away his life; and it was equally out of his power to survive them, die by the sentence of the law, or how or when they might; it became clear, so argued this intermeddler, that the same moment which saw the termina tion of their lives would inevitably be the last of his own. To fortify his ar guments, the letter-writer referred to certain mystic symbols in the heav ens. New though the poor man could understand nothing of the trum pery diagrams which were set forth as illustrating the truth of the fatal warnings thus conveyed to him, and though his-friends uuiersrlI laugh,. e'i at the e -r h er tenTnaf'sfnu' aro'dyrous imposter, to rob justice of her due, it neverthe less made a dwep impression upon his mind. Ignorant of every thing but what related immediatoly to his own m'ney-getting profession, lie had a blind and undefined awe of what he termed the supernatural sciences, and inwardly thanked the kind monitor who had given at least a chance of redeeming his days. IHe immediat'ly set about making application to the judges in order to get the decree of death changed into a sentence of the galleys for hife. ie was eqjuallv surprised and di3tressed to find that they treated his petition with colitempjt and ridiculed his fears. So far from granting his request, ai ter repeated solicitations, they coml maided him in a peremptory manner to appear no more before them. Driv en almost to despair, he resolved up 1:n1 petitioning the King ; and af ter much expense and toil, he at length succeeded in obtaining an au dieice of Chias. X. All was in vain. A crime so enormous, committed with such cool deliberation, left no open ing f-r the piea of mercy : every ef. for~t he made only semred to strength en the resolutioni of rte authorities to execute judgment. Finding .all his efforts in vain lie appeared to resign himself despiairingly to his fate. ])e pnrved of all relish even fur gain lie took to his lied, and1( languished ini hopeless misery-, amnd as the time for the execution of the crimnals ap proachied, lapsed more and more into terror anid dismay. It was on a sultry afternoon in the beginnminmg of Junie 18:20 that thme writer of this brief narrative--then a not too thoughtful lad, in search of emlnploymni(lt in 1Paris-hur-ried to gether with a party of sight-se-einmg Engish workmen, to the .Place de (Greve to witness the execution of thme two asassins of the mnoney-chan ger. Undler thme rays of an almost insuippotable sunm, an immense crowd had congregated airond thme guillo tinle; and it was not without consider abl~e exertion, and a bribe of some simall amont that standing-places were at length obtainedl within a few paces of the dread ful instrument, uipron the flat top of the low wall which divi-les the simple at-ea of the Place ude (Grove h-rom thle iver Seine. Precisely at f-iur o'clock the som lire cavalende approached. Seated upon01 a benchi ini a long car-t, between two priests sat the wretchecd victims of netributivo justice. The crucifix was incessantlIy exhibited to their view, andl~ presented to their lips, to ho kissed, by their ghostly attend ants. 4tr a few minutes of silent and~ horriblo prteparation, the elder advanced upon the platfrmm of th. guillotine. With livid aspect and quivering lips, he gate around in unutterable agony upo the sea of human faces; then lifting his hag gard eyes to heaven, li demanded pardon of God and tho' ople for the violation of the, great pr rogative of the former and the social rights of the latter, and besought mot earnestly the mercy of the Judge into .whose presence he was about to enter. In less than two minuep both he and his companion were heafdless corpses and in a quarter of an- hour no vest. ige, save a few rendia. if sawdust, was left of the terrible :rama that had been enacted. Sioon. however, a confused murrr or prevailed the crowd- a report that the .vietin of cruelty and avarice haJ ralised the dread presentiment of lise '.wn mind, and justified the piCin contain. ed in the anonynfous le'U he had received. On inqyl:Y this was found to be true. As il- signal rung out for execution, t; unhappy man, whom twenty-two a b of the dagger had failed to kill,:pired in aparoxysin of terror-' ing one more to the many exann j already upon record of the fatal (' !--of fear upon an excited imagin . GOLD AND )EATm.--'. -rC mill ions of gold and a list 't r e than one thousand deatMh, ire he latest importations frony Caf .vial-Let those who would have goo to the mines long ago. if they .h possessed the means. kneel down and thank God for their poverty. As'y ti fwo have only the beginning of t cad. The cholera has scat c d y 'ot taen hold of the ille'ad bidlj-N -i iudes on the placers- 1 ;lore sgnalid Jlgrde j2.t rt)confies of.- y -when the pcstitl.ice nili Overto them in thew ilderrts. 'he spades and mattocks with which iley hoped to exhume the bun:: trea :ure, shall be used for a nimo::f:l parlpose, lnd thousands, we fear, will sleep teir last sleep, entombedfaluong the glit tering dust that has lured them from home and family. The misery and suspense of the friends and relatives of the emigrants, at home, is scarcely less painful to contemplate than the sutTerings of the gold hunters themselves. The fate of many of the latter will never be known to those they left behind. Among the lists of deaths, the words "stranger"and 'unknown" frequent ly occur, and hundreds have died and will die in that fir off land, of whose decease not even these anuoiy mous memoranda will be made. The story of the overland emni.gration for the present year, has not been half' told. Thousands arc yet struigling through the grassless and uiw atered paints between Council I lfls anl California as the first crusalers stru g. gled throughi the marshes of I111n gary, aid their line of march like that of the cruises, will hereiafte r be known by the graves and bleailijug skeletons in their track.-Xr Y'r/ Str Tillaa A lii<:F I'mo R Ituss. -A\ gen tleimn ini K irkalda, Scothl,~ h as trainied au coupl- of mikce andi ini-ventedi miach inery- enualing themii ti sin ct tonm yarni. Thl ey hiavie beein mloy ed abouit twelve imoniths. T[he work 'is done oni the trealiinlI princil e. It is so constructed that the c'anunon houso mlouise is enabled to uake atonement to society for past (lfen ces, by t wisting andi reelin Fm one hiiundred to oneu huni mred and1 t wett - six th reads p Iar day. ToX icomp IleteC this thle little p edestruain has : to run ten and~ a half :niles. AX halfjpeunnv' worth of oat meal at in * I er pech, serves one ofi these t real i wheel rul1 prits for the ltug l eriod of4 live weeks Ini that timue it mnakes 'one Iundr l ed and ten thireadls per day. A t this i-ate a mouse15 earmns td e very five weeks, which is 7s 5d pecr an: atun TIake tid off itboard , antd I s fo mi a chaiery, ther w- ~ill arise fil clear priofit from eveiy umuse :uanally. A BA1ILto.\DI Ti) 'rul l'.\emiFT'. TJhe use of N ati'onral 11 all, at Wash ington. has been tendered to \Mr. Whitney, by its propiiitoirs, for the pur~pose of explaininag his great project fo.m the construction of a Itail road to the Pacific Ocean to those who may desire to hear him. The Republican says: "Hie will exhibit maps, andi explain the' position us well as the condition ofte oalatloan oninnenia parts of the globe; from which he proposes to prove that the American continent is the geographical, com mercial, and political centre of all, and all can be made tributary and subject to it. DYING BEFORE THEIR TIME.-"Do you not expect to die?' said a thought ful friend to a young lady who was enumerating, with great animation, the pleasures she expecting to enjoy. "I shall die when my time comes" was the flippant reply. "Persons sometime die before their time." "I do not see how that can be possible, said the careless one, who left the room in order to avoid fur ther conversation on an unpleasant subject. That many die before their time is a truth taught by observation and by the word of God. There are many who evidently shorten their days by their vices. But in addition to the physical consequences of some sins, there is a connection, by the ordina tion of God, between sin and the shortness of days. It is expressly said that the wicked shall not live out half their days. Again, God says to the sinner, :Why shouldst thou die before thy time?" (Ecc., vii.;~17.) Who would wish to die before his time? Who would enter the unseen world, and stand before an angry God before his time? Who would wish to taste of the agonies of the second death before his time? All desire length of days. All an ticipato a good old age. If a rule could be given for its certain attain ment, it would be followed by all. Thousands would follow it implicitly, h te 4 d' th,* ur da s, you can avo them. Cease from sin. Go to Christ for pardon and for grace, that you may not (lie before your time, and that death, when it must comc, may be an introduction to life.,-N. Y. Observer. A IOMANCE IN REAL LIFE. The Welshman records the follow ing, as having recently occurred in the neighborhood of Cardeigan: "Twenty-three years ago a young man, named David Evans, having paid his addresses to a maiden in the vicinity of his native town, at the mouth of the Tivy, was despatched to attend to his duty as a navigator "on the raging main." He started from Cardiff accordingly in a vessel named the Berkeley, which, in about a week after departure, was wrecked and all hands on board were plunged imto a watery grave. For no less than twenty-three years it was supposed that David Evans had perished with his comn rales, but he last week landed at Sherness, from Australia, where he had been quietly, but rapidly, accu mulating cash in the long interval that had elapsed since his exodus from thne country; and it was asce-tained that in consequence of a qjuarrel with the Captian of the Berkeley he had left that vessel a few days previous to the fatal disaster which had'consign ed her and her gallant crew to the deep. )On Evans' arrival at Cat deigan, his first inquiry was for his early love, andI he learned that, fully be lieving~ in his demise, she had become the wife of a favor-ite suitor, who had recently (departed this life and left her Ifree to accept the otter which her formner faithful lover nowv prompjtly male her, and which, we need searcely say, was at once accepted, anid thne nuptial rites in two short days were hiapp)ily celebrated. Miia __.-Whens that fair utilitarian (eau. puliheier hxook ngainst nmarri age, it was sent to Dr. Magq.inn for re. View. Ilia critique ran thus: "A book asginst wedlock' oh! oh! Aiao1 written byj Misst Martineau! not thui< I wetl knw she wouhi notK say No ''l)To a ung hawsoe) beaut, Fie., noe, haariri Marine~au!" Itailroads in the United States. Thei total numnber of miles of rail road in oiperation in the United States at the beginning of the present y'ear, waIs 8,'707, which cost to build them $286,455,078. In New York the number of miles in railroad in opera tion is 1,4105, at a cost of $65, 202, 000. Pennsylvania 917 uiles, at a cost of 236.401,038. Nnw .Tm.ino 259 miles costing $8,225,000. . Ii all the New 'England States there were 2,644 miles, costing $90,946' 440. SOUTH CAROLINA. It has boon the practice of small slangwhangers and demagogues to belch out their foul streams of abuse on South Carolina. When' their narrow intellects and anti-southern feelings and prejudices are without a topic,' that gallant State furnishes a theme on which they 'suppose they can successfully arouse the prejudi. ces of the people. But that theme is getting threadbare-that dema gogue clamer is fast losing its force. That State has at all times had more talent in it in proportion to its popu lation than any other State. It has at all times been distinguished for its freedom from pauperism and crime; for the noble and exalted hospitality of its inhabitants, and for the bravery of her sons on the field of battle. We believe we speak the truth when we say that more, of her sons voluntarily declined exalted official stations in the State and Federal Government than in any State in the Union; and we ask with triumphant defiance the calumniators of South Carolina to show.one other single instance-in the whole financial history of the coun try in which a city has investad five hundred thousand dolla -s in a public. enterprise in another and distant State in which she loses every parti cle 'of benefit arising from the local expenditures of the money! Ponder on this, ye caluniatora of Charles ton and South Carolina! But, oh! South Carolina nulifica tion!f oolaims thw' demagoue tion! ex lims t n in eralis iho.wishes tifbtof ite State[ laws and have one grand, corrupt, central, consolidated government! And what of that! Is there any one now who has the impudence and au dacity to say that the monstrous tae iff of 1828, out of which South Caro lina nullification arose, was not a gross, an abominable outrage en the rights of the South? Where can there be found a defender of that unequal law now? And no doubt South Carolina, having but few manufactories-fewer, perhaps, at; that time than any State in the Un ion-her great staples being rice and cotton-South Carolina, having al most every thing to buy from abroad, and selling nothing but her staples, was worse oppressed than any State in the Union. The people of the United States have passel a final condemnation on the exploded theory of protection. The State of Penn sylvania, in the Presidential election, organized a public clamor about an iron tax, but the thing is dead. It has been overthrown in England, and will soon be regarded as one of the exploded fallacics of a by-gone uge; and the course of South Cairo-: lina no doubt had its share in the destruction of that system. If South Carolina acted hastily then--if she commuitted excesses, none will now be so false and audacious as to deny that she was provoked and enraged by the action of the general govern mnent by the passage of the act of 1828. She acted under a goading sense of wrongs and injuries. But South Carolina advocates the imediate withdrawal of the Southern States from the Northern States! Some of her citizens do and some do not. What the action of the con stituted authorities of the State will be, lies in the future, and depends upon the united action of the south ern States, and upon the prospect of continued aggression by the north ern States, leading directly and plainly to the emancipation of four millions of slaves in these southern States. South Cttrolina has ti6re slaves than whites within hier bord~r She has a deeper pecuniary int' in the question of slavery tha e her sister southerN States. is most highly fitted for sI and the destruction of s desolate that State fo they could be romov olina is exposed in to the danger of' these harrassing other State. message in his thesd aboliti | might Il they IIUIl l far from quieting them seeni stimulate their activity and incoaew their zeal. - .the expoed and daen gerous condition, of South Carolita4e is the prospect of "unpalleled deso lation staring thorn, ; y belIeve in the face,' sfficient to furnish no apology for the Varidus opinions and action of South Carolina, from her sister States Who have a deep interr cat in. the saie question? South Carolina is acting .o the defensie She is not the aggresping party, and it is,a base and. unblushing calumny ; to cilarge, that $he is the aggressing party. If Senator Seward were Wn Nashville as the conductor of a pub lie press,-socking th destruction -of slavery, 'he"would. fire his popgun once a' week at' VrzdIont and his sov cnty-foir daily iti"So9th Carolina Is there any in i- .ttie State:who believes that if. Soutifh Carolina'fe secure in those rights' whioh the Con-! stitution guaranties to'"er, she would not be tranquil and 'sustain the Up. ion of these States? . No, not one A but knows she would. Wo deeply apprehend 'from the' dreadful storm which now rages .in the North, that the South is to be degraded from' her equal condition in this confederacy, and that the worst anticipations-of South Cerolina are about to be realized.-asMpie Amierican. The Convention. As it will not be long orythe timie will arrive: for the election of Del. gates to our State Corivention, it not perhaps,- be amiss- for us noW say a few words- on the subject: A Convention of the poopie, at s -y time,-if a solenn .pioe ,beige in ibio n&t, e as;the si tive, insia I4QR41Drek.J -. such an assemblage- Villboatte 4 in'our hunble opinion, with. than ordinary solemnity, being 4 " vened for no la.ssa purpose than e - preservation of the body politie itself, against a persevering and determined enemy. Hence . the paramount ne cessity of grpat circmspection being used in its formation. . Unlik6' logis lative bodies, where the public weal imperatively' derrands that there should exist' more o' less of a contr4. versial spirit, a conventibai calledfor ' the high purpones ours is, shdold b composed solely from that mate of which the great body of the ped. ple itself consists. so that when its voices be heard, it shall be unani mously recognized,. as that of the State itself; It may be urged- that to attain unanimity of sentiment on all quel tions that may be brought to the no tice of this Convention, would b a moral impossibility, nor do we asset that such a sAte of affairs, however desirable, will bo brought abouti but we do say, with duo deference to those of maturer experience in these matters than ourselves, that as near unanimity as human nature will per mit. can be ensured, if the people: will only take the matter from the hands of politicions of every grade wtjoat ceve into their own, and seriously considler that the: result will be pro ductive, eithof' oft hitherto' to the p resent generation of Southerners tn known benaeits, egi.tudeo1 any nation has presy us d . In: vonclusione~we would respet. fully suggest thak~metings with convened tof the;o several "Southqr tion," in' thoe delibera ta' shall conf andl( if' t ceive lto