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.17 - --- - - A - rte s7ots 4' ~~o e s fer the fikst and oeachishequent iinsertion. f or nertins tn be nrktd dehIa m s i-rthef i1beblish od b discotinad,raid rg.i uare-or as n dtirners Montl Advertise b~hrd thysame as a simgle. Il'e ly the same' as new On i. P . I-Aid .. 4iy;Nticeu ediing sin lines, stcatjons recom endaig Candi ~o iless or trust-or.. puffing fitlh, I be h arged asAdveitise ttors by mail must be paid to In e'oi~en Cvltirator. y TO MAKE GOOD Of.OPS.. i'f n oo e.F what I eider a good crpfor, the force em pled, imade list year,. and shall closd withh a few marks on ov'6r-cropping. I reudt ndalst year to. Wm. Glodson, oni w1!h eiiade tiie orop, which I propose to ge an accouct of; He. and a little sorgefi eleven yenrs of ago,.not able to p6o9 made over 9 bales ofcott'on, 310 bljshble 6f corn, upwards of 5,000 pounds of'blde l~erwa lat 150 bushels or iv potatoes, and'a pa telor Irish pota. to'dp, besides keefing his garden in .good order In addiion to this, the little boy .nr ro ab utd)0 poeinis ofseed.on a littie. pac1havi e him.--This Crop was .culti vitd ai v'dby 'them easily, except thp n bii 2,000 : pound. of ne'ed, ddton The whole secret lay in plotuiggood adcI i o i or it than couldherattended to inh (ti3ic, doing eye y ypartf the cap joiiice. .Early ,vo .rk ri relv fails to givi a forWar,d gro hiihrgenerally is very: iinport an4 HedJ1r. Goodsoin planted one.third rId'thhine lie Adid, perhaps he woild Wn d as largo. a crop as lie did' 4-nfih'nyebe'en inder a itrh' all tVidr 1e4ison, by getting antinngled in tGi 6iy, gi'as', and every part of the crop'fouTld have suffered, and been kept back-in its'grosvth'and maturity. Wher eastwith the- quantity of land he cultiva. ted,dtlirop 'wa1s kept with ease in con stantrowirid order, doing its best all the ted 'feel'cofident that some of my neig-r Avould have made more cotiop lat ai by planting at least. filly acres .i -1n ' h y did, provided the remain. .ipbdthvove -had constant and early -aitetl 'nJhIch could have neen given pbydi ing filty neres - less to attend to. 'Onsiman of my"'acquaintance planted abbut o'hundr'ed acres more in cotton last ~e rn did, anti yet, notwith St" t its, 'our our crops are near equ. al., Tliiiwsa owing to three cause.; first, thl~l'pdim plidtcd was not so good as miriersecond, planted more to the hand tido~calds be ke'pt clear of grass, conse qui'dilythl hdrop was kept back Ciom ear. lyi m rity,.givmg the bole Worm full sO ~~pyit their ravages. who gives this hearty We1y.oyuas* Editor of the South err .TOH T FARRAR. Sa fordr'ille, Ga. Jan. 184A8. 8I1NSOF A PROSPFROUS FAR M IER. 1.Whenf a farmor is seen married vong, it 'showvs that Providence helps thoseiwhohelp-themselves, and that in f6 tu dewillhave. 'helps' of more kinds than ono. 2 Wendights are seen burning in his huobefore. break. of' day in wvinter eseill, t holva that the day will nev er break o-hidbreaking' in the winter of 3 u~~yr see his barn larger than his bdli ,isoivs that he will have large profi ninal1 affection. 4 Whenyosu see him drivinu his work Inst~of his work driving him, it sho~ws hl rie nver be driven- fro~m good resolu l5~ienhis farming Implements are amme and -winter, it ah ~ ,l hav a house over his head in t r fe tr, and the winter of p nhe is~scen su.bsoribing" for a r a ~sp#it shows h'd is speaking like 'a ubo~esioing the latest' improvements da that ho will never get ~i~gkin~ p ers ib the land of pover. - - ~ ~An~qf ott inmloraes,.andi the Cure, ymuch -spec ulation as toUto f teetu pr~ grigh. I. h ave noi 1OIi acceunt of his. experi. 6dafe the arnimnal died, kiln the worm, after iai~~jt~ ~bestoach of the daud horse. &,.j&object. tordo all the WO~i %- ~ar)il, I eel It my dutty to g [ h~~think a certain A U41Withoit comn : -h1 . o:'f Alulm, diso 0' and dree' tc i . O he6rsior; N' '~he hYo td!0f sifaidtoU .iIlliahnI the bott Isaj1 hae neve failed. 'I think this isaft l the'spectflations,and cures I ha een e only thing that wll to a dinty ca-e the botts. The molases and setik e rjill bon tdpy. ,i goi 6 Pons the" ##eathakig1 -the al ontraets inn and'.tlie sltplas e 6hi4 of fS'iio KYTRACTS FRO i*AKETCII OF 'TR .LIFM AiD PUBLIC SEikVICES OF GEN'ERALI LEWIS .CASS. Lewis Cai wasbriat Exeter, in New .Hampshire, oi the 9th "of October, 1782--i His fatheri, Maj.Jonathan Casv Was ia oldier of the revolution, who enlisted .asa private the day after the battle of Leitinton.: He served in the army till'the close of the war, and was in all important battles in theesiter and middle states,'where he was distinguisb. cd for his valor and good conduct, and attain. ed the rank of captain.' He was afferwaridaa Major in Wayne ' army, and. died at an ad. vanced agefafter a lire of usefuhies and hop-.. or, at his residence, near' Dresden,in . 'Mus kingum cunhty,-Ohle.'9 i n,owive Cape, the -subject of:this biography, emigrated at the age of seventeen, to the then north'western territory, and settled first at Maietta,'in the county of Washington. He was-thue, as he was recently called by the convention of Ohio, one or the "early pioneers" of that im mense western region, which has already risen to such. a magnitpde in our own days, and is destined to attiin one so much greater hereafter. -The co'uitry north of thre' Ohio. then contained one territory and about twenty thousand people. Mr. Cass bore his full share in the toils, privations and dangers to Which the defence of a new country, and its conversion from a primitiv,e forest to the happy abodes of civil ized mad, are necessarily extiosed..' He read law at Marietta,-and-waEradmitted to-the bar before the close.of the territorial government. He commenced the practice, and, as was the custom then, visited:thedourti in a large dig trict of country, travelling on horseback, amid encountering many difficulties unknown to the members of the bar at the present day. . -ii- 180, lie was elected a member of the Legrislpture. of. Ohio, and during the 'session he took ins part in the business of the day. He draughted the law Which a rested the traitorous designs of Burr, and introduced an address to 'Mr. Jefferson, which was 'unani mously adopted, dxpressmg the attachment of the people of 0 iio to the constitution of the United States, and their coniidonce in that illustrious nian. In .March, 180y, he was appointed, by Mr. Jefferson, Marshall of Ohio. In the execution of the duties oi tha t office, in the business of his profession, nid in the occupation of a firm in Muskingum county, where he resided, he passed his time until 1812. Then our difficulties with Eng land assumed a portentous aspect. Her mul. tiplied aggress.ons left us no recourse but war; and the statestnen- of the day prepared for it with firmness. As one of the prepara tory arrangements, it was determined to murch a considerable force to the northwest era rrontier, to be ready jfor off'ensive or de fensive measures, as circumstances might render it necesary. The command was giv en to General Hull; and a regiment of regu lar troops, which had fought with credit at Tippecanoe, was assigned to hin. To this were to be added three regimuents of Ohio vo:unteers. As soon as this demand upon their patriutismr was known, the cit'zens o1 that state hastened to the call of their coun.. try, and the force was raised wit hout delay or difficulty. Mr. Cass was among tbe volun teers, and was elected to the command of the third regiment. H~e -proceeded inrmediaitely with his regimeont to Dayton, where. the ar my was concentrated, and whened it eom-. rmenced its march for Detroit. The country was a track ess forest, and .mnnch of it was low and wet. Great difficulties were inter posed to the advance of the troops by* the streams and marshes, and by the necessity or cutting a road. Blut these were overcomie with thme usual good wil~l and perseverance or the American soldiers. The army reached Detroit imn the 4thm of July 1812. Official in formatioli that war would be declarrj. over took thoem in the wildorne.ss; but ft-e derclara tion itself was niot received until they reach ed D~etroit. Col. Cass was perhaps miore ur gent for an invasion of Canada than any offi cer in Hull's army, lie was decidedly ir far vor of making an early and decisite movement before the British should be prepared for thme invasion. Weo conceive it to be no disparage. ment to any one to say that he was-the mas ter-spirit of that army uintil the aflhir at the Camnardls; after which, it is knowri, lie disap proved of every step taken by the cormmand ing General. There can now be nio doubt that Hull's army never would hiaveo entered Canada but for the persuasions of Col. Case. So ainxious wvas Ihe to push fonvard and do something to meet tire jtust expectations of the adninistration and the counltry, that hre commanded the advanced detachment, and was thme first man to land in arms in thre ene my's couniry. * * * * * e In the discharge of iris duties as Superin tendent of Indian Affairs, Governor Cass was called upon to enter into manry negotiar tions with the Indian tribes, and otten under circumstances of great peril arid responsibil ity. HeI formed twvent-one treaties with them, and extingiiishe.d threir title to nearly one hundred millions of acres of land--a vast do main acquired for tihe Un' d States, that no complaint was ever made-ff them upon the subject.* TPhere are two incidents con ted with the formation of these treaties, which strong ly illustrate. Gov. Cass's jtudgrmont and de cision 'of character. 'In the expedition of 1820, it became his dtrty to infornm the [ndianis Sault do St. Marie of thre intentio~n .of>our government to est ii a military post there, andl .tfi';nron irst for the sae The bkesbidlsh. butthlithse'mep it ihare i mun W fii e Mtnh re ~t by his interpreter,.ho. advaneddi. recti ntndheir mlndstMaud witlf big .own ahw~ pulled dlown thoeisg,:.tramplsd it un er 'fbet, aud afterwards bued it,,Oder ng the lnterpi-etbr' to ihforriths 'i an~s that 'tey were within Ithe jurisd iction ofi. tlie LQuitedStates,, and that. no other flag thin theirs could be perinitted .to wave over it. l'hsrmorallnfluence of this,bold act itaditp' ioenir,ed .effect, the~ndiarisi returnsi .the next lay to the bonuneil, and~tliej.reaty was ^con. ~ludeAt without any further th'reats or insults.3 Donarriviung at Green B1ay, 1827, for thepr. oudta le i'ibg Indians had not ret come-In; ind .n the object of tlie'treaty ivas toubtlddifficulties among some of the tribes the non-appearance of the Winneba, roes was an evidence of .their desire for war rather than pace. He iminediately re-em barked on board his birch. canoe, 'for their :amping ground, to prevent any hostilities nd to bring themn to the treaty ground. .Ho rapidly pursued his voyage up the Fox river, icross the portage, and doiwn the Wisconsin, to the place of encampment. Taking with lum onlyhis interpreter, he wean up to the incampment, whore ha found them in warlike I hiood, nid determined not to treat. Threatsj tnd entreaties were al4ike unavailog with Lis exasperated tribe. He loft tiem, and returned to his caInoe. As he turnsd to go to he river, a youtng warrior raised hi gun, and naking delberate aim, pulled the trgger; but, providentially, the gun uissed fire This is the only instance of violence everofiered to hiim during the-long period of his iktercourse with the Indians. ie proceed ini diately Lo P'rhirie do Chien, wvhore lie orgauized the inhabitauts and placed them in a cendition of efence, .and retured to the treatj grouind. By his prompt' and energetic movEments e prevented extensive hostilities, th g end of which no man could knnw. In 1831, Gen. Cass was called by Gon. Jackson to take charge of the Wir Depart ment, and his removal fron Mliclu'an Ter-, ritoy.was marked by ie universal expression 6fregret. His colleagues in the cabinet were Mr. bivinigston, -ir. caLane, ir, Woodbury, and Mr. Taney-mencyhohpos. sessed the confidence of the President, and s1oon acquired that of the country. The chani acteristic traits of General Jacksoa's'admin istration-havenow passed into history. It was bold, prorpt, honest, and mtional. It sought no .dangerous constructive powers, arid it endeavored carefully to execire those of inlci it was the trustee, for thie Ameri can confederation. The great questions of the bank, of the removal of the deposites of nulification, of the French indemnity, and of the Creek and Cherokee difficulties-three of which involved delicate points connected with State rights-.occupied its attention, and were all happily disposed of. Few, if any,.now. call n questionthe- iwisdom of Gen eral Jackson's course upon these important subjects, though it is di ficult now to realize the Intense anxiety they excited, and the mo mentous consequences which hung upon their decision. So far as the Wir Depart ment necessarily took any immediate course in ther questions, it was prompt. and ener getic, and met with the approbation of the country. At the portentous period of nulli fication, the military ordefs were firm, but discreet, and it appeared by a massage from the Plresident, in answer to a call upon that subject, that no order had becn at any ties giCen to "resist the constituted authoritics of the State of Suth Carolina, within the char tered limits <f said Fate." ihe orders to General Scott, informed hitu that, "should, unfortunately, a crisis arise when the ordinary power in the hands fthe civil icers should not be suicient for the execution { the laws, the Pressdent wcould determine the course to be taken, and the measures to be adopted; till then he wcas prohibited from acting." * * * * * In 1841 arose the well-known question of the quintuple treaty, in which General Cass acted a prominent and an efficient part. The British goverinent, in its scheme of main tiie stperiority, which it never abandons any more than ito plans of territorial aggrandize nient, proctedl a plan, by which, under the pretence of abolisihing the slave trade, her ships of war wouhld have been enabled to search and examine, and ultimately to seize, the vessels of other nations at their pleasure. This plan was to form a treaty, to which the five great powes of Europe should be par ties, by which means a new principle in the law of nations would be established, and our flag, among others, prostrated at the feet of Eiigland. This treaty wvas negotiated and actually signed by the ministers of the five powers-those of England, France, Rusuia, lPrussia. and Austria-hiefore the nature of the transactions was fully understood by the world. It became disclosed before the rati fications were exchanged with the French governmet. General Case published a pani hlet which entered deeply into the whole matter, and which was translated into French and German, and extensively circu lated upon the continent. It awakened the piublic attention, andl created a great sensa tion event in England. The London Times, in announcing~ it, said: "It is a shrewd performance, written with some spirit much bold assertion of facts, and a very audacious unfairniess of argument, whichI is rather amusing, when contrasted wvithi a certain tone of gentlemanly candor, wvhich is occasionally adoted even in the very act of performing some of his most glar ing perversions." In addition, also, the pamphlet, he present. ed a :protest to the French government agamnst the~ ratification of the treaty, In do ing this, lhe stated that he had no instructiort to pursue such a course, and adds: "I have presumed, in -the views I have subm'itted to you, [M. Guizot, the French Ministers of 1'oreign Af~airs,] that I express the feeliniga of the Americianegovernmeht and people. If in this I havoe. vd y self, ibn reujnnnasiklt will1:kn aman .. os - y Tihe fAe ev a [the.e'hi tienet the 0N ha n'Pibf% Qh rryiie~l n=_ thenUnited States, by .foa d pthI ineaseres to it iprovision, o s t stigulations -Theyg;bv .t W done:heirene.f juatice ~er such'rpsult; and they th prompt .di'.owa .6 b uos in the nanie -f y ur c6 nt 'h:6-1 0 of the ChaniierDet f40day n00 tions'of thusinaue: ii-3~uf i and ieiro itpioss ible they. h l i'd in this coifident:#xpectatidi totlkeint slter in one title theiir.coursegiotacioni Their duty Would.lte,th .se, Apt sans vould be their determnation to ull it They'would prore la1e , wit a4pp hensuon hndeeda b ut ith64isiay-qyma ;I regret, but with firneiis f one of- those desperate sttuggle iichayo occurred in the history of 'the Id where a just cause and the favor t Pi-K . idence have given stength to1.comparatve weakness, and bnabledittrj 'dpnk.' pride of owar.b Thesuccess of-this seeme, p on pher. jibed, -and so I n'Tyo"ecd d on.;he . .av 9 Engand, furne upon" the i-tifleation France, With it she ould hope to eita lish this new principleQf maritime law, and with that attain her daring object 'of mari. time supremacy. But the opposition df'tiw such, commercial nations as- the United States and France: to :t is, interpolation would ,have rendered hopeless.. itWsgeneral recognition.. enceqher effrts to pecot plish this measure;:and. as,for more tlian half a.century, she. had not falied a16'ni great object of her policy her pride,. and- iu terest were equally united in this.1jori nals, therefore, were filled with-the subject. It occupied the-attention of her governmei, her. people, and. press; and -her diplomatic agents through Europe. were active and per. servering.- While the subjectwas 4e discussion 'in the Freniih Chamber -(~)p uties, the eyesof Europe wero dit t Paris, anxiously watching the tegnlt. T.haI result was sion manifested. The'lnb' 1 opinion of France spoke too loudly tbe re. sisted. The government gavoway, nd 're fused to ratifyastro ne gotated under ,ltu own directions, and signe i ts on ini ter. The part which (leneral Casbore -ii this transaction is well understood and ap preciated by his couritrymeni; and,' if an) doubt existed on the subject it would Ahavi been removed by the abuse heaped upon hin in the English journals, and, bythe declara tion of Lord Palmertson, in Hduse o Commons, that his efforts contributed in - great degree to the rejection or this kmeas ure. An American writing from Europe, ii Niles' Register, March, 1842, says: "General Case has hastily areparid pamphlet, setting forth tha true' import; anc dangera of this treaty.-.It will lie-read bj every statesman in Europe; and idddd to tho General's personal influence here, will efrec tually turn the tables on. England.Thi country owes the General much for .his f fectual influence with this Government. The London 'Timcs, of January ., 184 says: "The five powers which signed. the lat treaty, for the suppression of the slave trade will not allow themselves to be-thwarted ii the execution of thia/rrangement by the- ca pracious resistance of the cabinet at Wash mngton." In the spring of 1844, Gen. Cans, In re to ilterrogatories upon that subject, wrote letter declaring himself in favor of .the an nexation of Texas. SIn the month of May following; the di mooratic National Convention ineidt Bel timore, to nominate candidates f'or Presl dent aind Vice President. On the firm balloting Gen Cass received eighty thre votes, and continued to rise tilIE n the se vcnth, he received one hundretain'd twen ty three votes. Had another ballot bee taken that day, Gen. Cassivoudavitsoti doubt, have been nominared.. Before th assemlhing of' the convention on the *fdl lowing day Mr. Polk was hrought foi ward us a compromise candidate, and after two ballottings, received the nomine tion. On the day that news of the nominatio of Mr. Polk reached Detroit, a, meetin of the Demooracy was hold, at wvhioh %Qe Cass, in an able and eloquente speed? gave his wvarmecst support to the nomnini tion, and declared to enter the cofitest seCuire its success.--In pursuane ofthi he accepted the invitation of thee a yiule committee, andi yas proefeit4'u il great Nashville conventiond A His arrival was announced by:the, of cannon, and ho was recelve ikhee demonstration of popular enthusIasr.C Ihis speech there, a ieadinj paper aes' "We did not attempt 1 asketch ofti oloqueont and powerful speeclthat:w made by General Cas for-owet~C nothing short of . its publio Ient* wvord for word and sentrice: foi';eMnei as he. uttered~ it to adnrlil i would,do him a fulmnt It was the master eff'ofo a~~i;j man; and the cipuhlr bnul~ plause iit whlo .it W 4m J A un it 'U W li d M P I durb)W Wirihkuo 'S i"1 k ner0 br n04 t whiioh p on1 hea "ddte Gi jf 6tenraI. jdtGen. estint~thfir dion eniuadrg eler) e, my rr. tt f s idit ofn t Ma'Qitywas'gvA 1rYe frPlk' theelbattef idi-at . a. pietaU plarit e Ma/Phileof this fist In-th fob whiritGeie'Cjd e&j nai d o?rtf., 1 i 8 '~ -a mohe l~oin dere6thsp4 s hCh itin 6~ hqwsier h d iei 'Oi sub. benT nIh~ ht'ut ejq i doWltndh it During hiosneieoN r ties comnicidbdeenths United 8ae~ and heablioof'Mxi go., "as. advoi'tyd:the1 rns enlergeilfmq:na oa viguooois proecution..of for earfing Ft into the nt pytcountry. In t winted o 184 5 t b - Provio'was introduced intot as an narit6thetilI 1 by j f'eailisio~If.orn Nf B '4~ The desigrlbf their's a d t defeat the pe'sten of the ?jit V wato b att'aehe4and tdibans'i war. 'GeiriCaso edo i.tho gro sof forteaeousgiYe n lsedl qn te' occasio. ' It was during the. sssionof this Oon'i gress that the 6tarifo18460,nd ne. pendent treniqry were'establishe ItCV Inot one to the eclusive chep d a fred t rade,~ ed thie 'ltrak dvo&aje of i hard-mnonefou rec 5 t r. Grn, "r Co 1&ik O-q~iit 'dh6 o of protention - "h . Pr tirer ai661 14 athse aeiraih -'thath' p the prsit of someth t1 tisdewhichiiqas thenih4ltM -pleo with practicalinen.,t i i'~n b , enlarged and liberalifw &W,~wos stren~t t of oilaracter and influence oriy. dno. tfon with their'action' thai.i geo~nr iadebted fo real udna~ ba;~ forms Wce~ ar sg h affresttieegj ofhi fuuceei his zeafouis.an4unfiinahnin~jo the close, of that (Congressaeer&1 Cass< 1as invited,' by the De rtio emrbers 4 ofthe legislature of Now~ork, to paitake of a publiidienir at.Al~bany, as araf their appreciation of his abrillidutpud l seif iges, ancttheiretinato of li aacter a8s a mpn.Tti Dartmo~ih' Coe-1~ HnphtFrat the~ annuai ysfidr jet Q that lostIts~ , ton;e-Th's od~eat fterwardssprepared - else 1ne, withap ro. ~ ~ p ~ l ioe r * ch e p ~ ntito Shimitio 4thet & GevC