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Legislature of South Carolina. in the Senate, on Saturday, considerable progress was made in the general orders. On motion of Mr. DeTreville, a bill to pro. .fide for the election of delegates to a Southern Congress was discharged from the special order and placed on the general orders. The bill was taken up and amended, so as to appoint the time of electing said delegates <m the first Monday in June next. After some discussion thereon, the Senate resolved itself into a committee of the whole, Mr. Witherspoon in the chair, and the various bills concerning our federal relations having been referred to the committee, After some discussion (a necess having been j taken in the interim) the committee rose, and j the Senate proceeded to business. Mr. Witherspoon, from the committee of the j whole, made the following report: I The committee of the whole, to whom were j referred a bill to provide for electing delegates to a Southern Congress, and two diiis 10 provide for calling a convention of the people of this State, and sundry resolutions upon the same subject, beg leave to report: That the committee have had the same under consideration, and respectfully recommend to the Senate to pass one of the bills, providing for the calling of a convention of the people of the State; and also the bill to provide for electing delegates to a Southern Congress. All of which is respectfully submitted. L. D. WitnKrspoon, Chairman. The bill calling a convention of the people was taken up, discussed, and amended. As it passed, the election of delegates is to take place at the usual time of our State elections, the second Monday in October next; the convention to be held on the second Monday in December, 1851. The question on agreeing to the bill was ordered to be taken by yeas and nays, and they are as follows: v?"?P F W Ailstnn. President; Messrs. Adams, B. G. Allston, Barnes, Bedon, Buchanan, Bull, Caldwell, Cannon, Carew, Cam, DeTreville, Eaves, Evtns, Felder, Gist, Griffin. Hanna, Hibben, Irby, Lawton, Marshall, Moses, Palmer, Perry, Porter, Quattlebaum, Skipper, Taylor, Townsend, Ward, Ware, Williams. John Wilson, 1. D. Wilson, J. * J. Wilson, and Witherspoon?37. Nays?Messrs. Barker, Dudley, Gause, Manning, Mazyck, and Nowell?6. Two-thirds of the whole representation in the Senate having voted in the affirmative, the bill was agreed to, and was ordered to be sent " - - - to the House ot Representatives, uu muuuu of Mr. Porter, all the other measures referred to the committee were laid on the table. The Senate adjourned at half-past 9 o'clock p. m. REPORT Of the Committee on Federal Relations on the Bill to provide for the election of Delegates to the Southern Congress. The committee on federal relations, to whom was referred, a bill to provide for the appointmnnt of delegates to a Southern Congress, the communication from the president of the late Southern Convention, transmitting the preamble and resolution adopted by that body, respectfully report, that they have patiently considered the matter referred in all its aspects and relations, as suggested to them by an earnest and anxious desire for the good of the State.? The questions involved, are the gravest which can be submitted to the arbitrament of the free people. A government which was intended to be free, just and equal in all its purposes, and actions, which was established by the joint wisdom and energies of independcntStates; which has existed for more than half a century, and by the united efforts and contributions of those who framed it, has become prosperous and great among the nations of the earth ? has by the perversion and abuse of its powers become an instrument of wrong, and probable ruin to a large portion of the interests entrusted to it for protection and preservation. Nearly one half of the States now parties to the Federal Government have their chief interests invested in the institution of slavery. This was the main interest involved in the original compact, by which the Federal Union was formed. That compact by special provisions recognized and in terms protected that interest and under this guaranty, these States have aided largely in the expansion of the Republic?have contributed liberally to its strength, its necessities, its character and its glory, and have at all times maintained a firm and unwavering devotion to all the requirements of the compact, and all the purposes of a free government. They have submitted to threats, denunciations and actual wrong, from the people and authorities of their confederates, and to serious and dangerous aggressions by the federal powar until the bond of fr;itprnal confidence has been broken by the first?and a system of policy has been adopted by the latter which must destroy the highest political and social interests of these States. Its immediate effect is to deprive the slaveholding States of an equal power in the Union, and its ultimate nnd certain consequence, must bo the total destruction of the property, the peace, and the safety, of the people of these States. The object of the assembling of the Southern Convention, was a patriotic desire to arrest, if possible, the destructive tendency of the federal government. Their deliberations were marked with true wisdom and high patriotism. They consulted long, calmly and freely. South Carolina was represented there by some of her ahluet "inrt timet trnchwi fiti/Klie Tim result is an earnest appeal to the Southern States, to meet in formal Congress to deliberate, with a view of arresting further aggressions, and if possible, restoring the constitutional rights of the South, and if not, to provide for their future safety and independence. Your committee, entirely convinced of the wisdom of their recommendation, and that it must soon lead to a complete redress of all our wrongs, or that independence we so ardently desire, trust that South Carolina will be the first to respond, and witb this view your committee beg leave, as a substitute for the bill referred to them, to report a bill to provide for the appointing of delegates to a Southern Congress, as rocommended by the Nashvillo Convention. John S. PrbbTon, Chairman, Correspondence of the Charleston Courier. Washington, Dec. 9. The re-election of Mr. Mason, ns IJ. S. Senator from Virginia, is very gratifying to the people of that State, and will bo so to the South generally. It is regarded ns an evidence of the fact that, though acquiescing in the compromise, as a whole, Virginia will insist upon the strict enforcement of that part of it which so much concerns Virginia, and of which M. Mason was the prominent proinotor, if not the father?the Fugitive Act. It is evident from the reports submitted to Congress, and from the consideration of other facts, that the debt of the United States would now be, if the French and Mexican spoliations were provided for, and some honest claims paid, over a hundred million of dollars. It is evident also, that the expenses of tin? Government are fast increasing, and are not likely to be diminished. It is also, certain that for a long time to come, the lands, as disposed of and will give little aid to the revenue. The estimates of deficiencies for 1851, and of the appropriations for 185*2, amount to 858,000,000. The additional expenditures for 1853 and for '54, must be of considerable amount. Many persons are j therefore, beginning to ask themselves where all the revenue wanted is to come from ? Must commerce be burdened with the whole amount of yearly revenue wanted? Must loans be asked for, or must direct taxes be resorted to? Mr. Corwin, I suppose?for his report is not yet out?will discuss these matters. It is understood, however, that he rejects the plan ef new loans, which his predecessor, Mr. Meredith had relied upon. Mr. Corwin no doubt, urges a resort to specific and higher duties -which project, both with the present and next Con1 - * -I !? gress, is out 01 uie question. ?? iuucvci uc?ciency may occur in the receipts during 1852 and '3, will he left to be provided for under the next Administration. The Senator elect from New-Mexico, Major Weightman, and the Representative elect, Mr. Messervy, are here, and intended to present an application for a recognition of the State Government, which was formed last sum.aer. Of course,"Congress will not heed it . The Territorial government will be put in operation, under the act which will take effect when the assent of Texas to the proposition of Congress shall he formally communicated to Congress. New-Mexico will then be entitled to elect a Delegate. There are not wanting numbers of Cr.An-.x 1 offianfl 111 fJlft flPW tpf ttppiiUttilia iV/I HIV inu\3i <U VUIVVW ? ? -- ritbry. The Collector of the port of New-York, Mr. Maxwell, sent to the Secretary of the treasury a week ago. a list of fifty Customhouse officers to be dismissed as Seward men. The removals have not yet been decided upon. MISSISSIPPI LEGISLATURE, Jacksox, Nov. 30.?The bill calling a State Convention, to be held on the second Monday ot November next, and directing delegates composing it to be chosen at the election of the first Monday in September, passed the Senate by a vote of 23 yeas against 9 nays, and the Hodse by a vote of 51 to 40. A supplementary bill giving the Governor power to call the pnnvpntimi together at an earlier in the event " ~ O of certain proceedings by Congress, was introduced, and passed in the Senate, but was lost in the House, under the rule requiring resolutions to lie over one day. Both Houses adjourned sine die this evening at 9 o'clock. From the Augtwta Constitutionalist. Millkdgkvillr, Dec. 13. This morning Mr. Seward offered the Vermont nullification law, with some resolutions. Mr. Jenkins, chairman of the Committee of Thirty three, made a report. The preamble is submissive but argumentive. The following is the substance of the resolutions. 1. Resolved, That we hold the American Union as of secondary importance only to the rights and principles it was designed to perpetuate. 2. Resolved, That past associations, our nrPKont nosition and future prospects will bind I ? ?# us together ;is long as it continues the safeguard of those rights and principles. 3. Resolved, That in this spirit Georgia has maturely considered the action of Congress, embracing a series of measures, the admission of California into the Union, the organization of Territorial Governments for Utah and New Mexico, the establishment of the boundary between the latter and the State of Texas, the suppression of the Trade in the District of Columbia, the extradition of Fugitive Slaves, and connected with them the rejection of the proposition to exclude slavery in the District of Columbia, and whilst she does not wholly approve of this action of Congress will abide by it as a permanent adjustment of this sectional controversy. 4. Resolved, That Georgia, in the judgment ! >? ?:ii 1 1.? -..elo* ui tins v^uii v iriii iuii, win aim uu^itc i,w ivowi, even as a last resort, to the disruption of every tie that hinds her to the Union, any future net of Congress abolishing slavery in the District of Columbia without the consent and petition of the slave owners thereof: Any act abolishing slavery within slaveholding States ceded for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock yards, navy-yards, or other like purposes. ; Or any act suppressing the slave trade bei tween the slave holding States: Or any refusal to admit as a State into the I Union, anv tenitory hereafter applying, beI cause of the existence of slavery therein: Ur any act prouioiting the introduction ot slaves into the Territories of litali or Now .\Iex, ico: Or any act repealing or iwrirriilli/ modifyinutile law now in force for the recovery of ' fugitive slaves: That it is the deliberate opinion of this Con i volition that upon the faithful execution of the ; fugitive) slave law, l?y the proper aul io . ities 1 depends the preservation of t.iis iiiucu luved ; Union. 1 The Convention adjourned until 3 o'clock, | p- ni. The Vermont Pin!form.?The following abstract gives the leading features of the act re! cently adopted by the Legislature of Vermont i. in reference to the Fugitive Slave Law. This is one of the fruits of the measures of pacification. If we "wait" a little longer tbev will have us no rights worth preserving. Not only this law but the Constitution is now a dead'letter?and yet we are asked to acquiesce until we can obtain "co-operation" ?wo can "co-operate" in no such policy. "It makes it the duty of the State's attorney, in the several counties, to apply to either class of judges or courts, if a case of the arrest of any inhabitant as a fugitive slave occurs, when the judge or court applied to shall issue the writ of habeas corpus, when in session, or to any judge of either court during vacation. If, under this writ, issued during the vacation by any judge, the person arrested and imprisoned as a fugitived be done discharged, he is entitled to an appeal to the next term of the coun. i r I . .. t *1 TU_ . l ly conn, oy iurmsuing proper nan. j ne court, to whom the .appeal is made, or to whom the writ wasorignally made returnable, directed upon the application of eitherparty interested to allow a trial by jury of all the facts at issue between the parties. The law makes it the special duty of the State's attorney, in the several counties to nse every lawful means to procure the acquittal of every person arrested and claimed within their district as a fugitive slave, and instructs all judicial and executive olficers, who shall know or have reason to believe that such an arrest i3 intended, to give immediate notice thereof to the attorney in their county, that he may timely tike the measures that devolve upon him for securing the- ngnts of the arrested party. CALIFORNIA. Mr. Freancr, in his last two letters from California, in the Picayune, communicates intelligence which is certainly strange, if true. VVe take take the following extracts from his letters: " This winter we Will have to elect a United States Senator in nlace of Col. Fremont, who I has drawn the short term. Col. Fremont, in my opinion, stands no chance of re-election. 1 do not at present know of more that two votes that he- can positively rely upon. The question in the next election for United States Senator from California will he the broad one North and South, and although there is a strong pro babdity that the Whigs have a majority on joint ballot, if there is any Northern man elected, it will be Col. John B. Weller. He has a great many warm personal friends in both parties, and upon this important and exciting question he is liberal and conservative in his views. As an evidence of the strength of the Southern and Western men they have defeated every man in the country who has avowed himself an Abolitionist "During the coming session of our Legisla ture there is a strong probability that a law will be passed calling a new Convention to adopt a new constitution. Tire Western and Southern men appear to hang together, and if they continue to do so, California, in less than two years, will be a slave State. So you will see, if I am not more mistaken than ever I was in my life, that while our admission into the Union brings us joy and fair promises on one hand, it sends us an internal feud on the other that will be contested with fierceness and energy by both parties." In*n subsequent letter, he says: "Elections that have just terminated in the country as far as I can learn, give a Whig majority in both Houses,but at the same time there is a decided majority of ultra Southern men, and they are determined to elect one of their own creed, or at least who is sound upon that subject, to the United States Senate, in the place of Col. Fremont, without regard to the question of Whig or Democrat." Wo wan.?Look at the woman who sets her whole heart upon the happiness of others. ' Every effort is exerted to confirm a good understanding among her friends, to soften asperities of disposition, to remove prejudices, and to reconcile misapprehensions. There is something heavenly in such a character. And mark its wonderful reward. It gathers strength even upon failure. When misunderstandings have grown into feuds, when dislike has swelled into i hatred, and old friends opposing one another as deadly enemies sink under a mutual malignity, there is vet one person who triumphs in this hour of downfall, and that is the woman who has tried, with might and main, to preserve the link that bound the disputants. In truth, here is one of the peculiar offices of woman; one of her grand, almost exclusive, duties, horn with her into this life of trouble. The unselfishness of her disposition, the gentleness of her temper, her strong yearning for kind words, and aversion to strife, point out this task of reconciling difficulties as peculiarly hor own; and if some have cast their high prerogative away, it is the more iucumbent upon other6 to see that it is not allowed to rust. Lady's Newspaper. A SUGGESTION ADDRESSED TO THE .COTTON STATES. Messrs. Editors: I suggest for the consider ation of the cotton States the effects that would follow a tax on cotton. It appears to me that the following would be the results: 1st. It would compel the wearers of cotton fabrics to contribute to the support of the much abused South. 2d. It would stimulate Southern factories, and annihilate Northern ones. .'Id. it would raise a revenue sufficient to relieve Southern citizens from any further taxation, and even indemnify them for fugitives un justly detained bv our Northern brethren, as ! they are called (ironically I suppose) by the 1 subiiiis-ionists. ; -lib. It would act as a remembrance to every one who puts on a cotton sliirt, that there is still soiiH'thiuir for which he is dependent on j slave l.ilmr. ' .Now I a*k, why should not the South tax her proiliietioas, as well as the North tax lier's? ? Horses, 11.?ii.ses, carriages, &e., are all subjects j n| taxation by the North ; why may not the j South levy her revenue from a tax on cotton, I the production of her soil ? By a tax of one ! cent per pound, millions might lie raised. As a i bonus to the Southern manufacturer, a debet)! ture might he established, thus enabling him to | enter the market on better terms than those re! siding out of the cotton States. H???W It is by an export tax that Cuba makes us pay $20, $30, and even $G0 per thousand for segare. thus compelling the consumers to support her most Christian Majesty and her Com t. Let ns thus nullify the Northern Tariff. IXQUIIIRMIO. Southern Prpss. " J@TSrmMA3L~~ CAMDEN. S. C. TUESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 17, 1850. Governor's Election. Gen. J. H. Means was on Friday last elected Governor of tffis State. At the same time, Hon. T i T ii7 i i T : A A r* josiiuci j ? circi wiib eiecieu uicumuam wivenior. The ceremonies of inauguration took place yesterday. ??7*7. S. G. Richardson, Esq. Editor of tW Sumter Banner has been elected State Roportyf Col. James Chesnnt, jr. The Editor of the South Carolinian nominates our talented Representative as a suitable candidate for United States Senator, and in bearing testimony to his eminent qualifications, says,*'the Legislature, in electing him, would be elevating to that important seat one who combines iu his heart and mind all the qualifications of a statesman.? And we are not alone in our opinion, for there are many who regard him as destined to become one of the leading f' .tesmen of the South. Few who listened to the noble and masterly effort he made but a few days since, will hestate to yield their assent to this opinion; and in whatever position he has been placed, he has developed the evidence af ifn \nce-t TTn ?rtl n (T 1 l\/l i Ln Ul IU> LUI i ci.iiir.-V3. u uacouiuiug auu uuiiuci'i, no has manifested the possession of talents of the highest order, and we know of no one who could better unite the friends of those who may have been hitherto thought of in connection with the office." The Legislature, On next Friday adjourns. We see the Senate has passed almost unanimously a call for a convention, and wc presume it will pass likewise in the House. There is no doubt about our Legislature being right. We will wait tor a southern Congress, if the) will have one soon, but if not we will go alone. Why should we have a single love for the Union! we have always borne the weights, and who can point to a single good. We may fancy the Union is a great thing, but what or where we ask again, is the first good it has ever done us, even when it was administered with justice and equality?and now how much less when its every act is but filling out a system of oppressive measures. ? The President's Answer Has, we presume, reached Columbia by this time. The redoubtable Hessian recommends him to say to South Carolina that, "he being commandor in Chief of the Army and Navy, cannot condescend to give his reasons to a State for sending troops within her borders." We suppose the administration trill of oonreo or ViosnntoH in arrnr. dance with the suggestion. We presume it will be convenient for more troops to stop there, on their way to other points?and stay there until further orders, which they will not receive until South Carolina takes her ultimate action. Teachers' Association . This body met in Columbia acrording to appointment two weeks since. Mr. Henot delivered an able and argumentative address before the body on the subject of southern school books. It is strange that in our schools we find so many poisonous volumes, and in our State we might say, sc many poisonous Teachers, iiow long oeiore we are rid of yankee schoolmasters and Preachers? We mean those who have come amongst us for the last fev: yeats. Why we had better circulate incendiary documents throughout the country, than thus to poison the minds of our youth by getting such teachers. They seem to be strong friends of the South, so far as their actions are observable, but not one, is for the South further than their pockets drive them?we do hope in one year from to-day, not a yankce schoolmaster can be found in the State. New Orleans Orescent and Mr. Moses. That paltry submission sheet, the very essence of yankee assumption, worked into Southern submissionism, exerts itself in one continued effort of puerile ribaldry to ridicule South Carolina. Tame hearted and cowardly, it is yet sensitive to its degraded position, compared with those who manfully uphold our rights, and Beelzebub-like, too low himself to rise, would pull others to his level. In language that would well suit a free negro brothel, he attempts to ridicule the able and eloquent speech of Mr. Moses, in tavor of a Legislative Fast Day. Well did the great Soule remark that that contemptible paper was under yankee influence. He seems not to have a single feeling against the North, but every pulse beats in unison with yankecdom. But South Carolina? Mr. Moses, cannot even advocate a Fast Day, but he proclaims be will u keep his eye on this Bombastes Furioso." Vile worm?too vile for aught but what seems to be your occupation?acting the second part in the play of yankee effort at domination. Ohanlin. thft Neirro Thief. , , ?u - VVt- learn from the Washington News, that the j grand jury have found a true bill against Chaplin i lor "stealing and carrying awav" the negroes of Messrs. Toombs and Stephens. A presentation i I has also been made against the driver of the hack J ; or carriage, in which the negroes were conveyed.! J3@TThe London Examiner estimates the total number of spindles employed in the cotton manufactory throughout the world at 28,985,900. Of which GreatBritain has 17,500,000; France,4,300, 000; United States, 2,500.000: Zollverein States 15, 000; Russia, 700,000; Switzerland, 650,000; Belgium, 420,000; Spain, 300,000; Italy, 300,000, Jenny Lind. This Sweedish Bnl-Bul will sing in Charleston on the evenings of the 26th and ?Sih inst. Shewiii Carol away the old year, and we suppose will make the new year come a day or two sooner, it will be so anxious to hear her. We wonder if Jenny has ever been in Love, or has her heart all gone to music? Coming from the snowy land of" ice and chilling winter, the laird of the "midnight sun," we should not be surprised if in this sunny clime, she would determine to carel her notes hereafter, tor the ears of nw>. In the city of chivalry, we trust her reception will be as warm as the hearts of those to whom she sings. We hope Jenny is a disunionist?of course we mean in politics?if she is not in favor of Southern Rights, we want none of her notes?tliev would be below par wjfli us, but if she is, we would pay a pretty high ^premium to pocket some of them in our vocat. memories. Twenty-four Millions. We see it stated that returns of the census or seventeen States of the Union have been received, which show an increase of population since 1840*. of 3,130,898, which, added to the aggregate population ten years ago, of 17,093,353, would alonenow make 20,224,2oi. Estimating the increase in, other States by the same ratio, the aggregate population of the nation in June last, may be put down at not less than twenty four millions, or an increase of nearly seven millions, in the last tea years. Unanimity nf hcnhmmi,? ?\e have scarce* ly ever seen more unanimity of sentiment in any deliberative body than now prevails in the South Carolina Legislature. They know little of our legislators or people who entertain any idea of the least diversity of opinion existing among us with regard cither to the extent of aggressions or to the remedy. The debates (of which we have given a brief abstract) indicate, with slight variation, that the people of this State look to the ultimate separation of the two sectionsof the Confederacy as the only efficient remedy for the ills they now endure; and the only shade of difference of opinion we note is, as to the most effectual means of accomplishing the end. It is right that deliberation and discussion should be had on this point, and it will not be a difficult matter to decide which W rt /i/kn/van ^uln^A nnnnln ftf iu ftuujju *1 c VUll^lfllUiniC iiic ul vuuhi Carolina on the fidelity and devotioo of their legislators; and we are gratified that the unwavering confidence we early expressed in the wisdom and firmness of the men who compose both branches of the Legislature has been so fully shown to be well placed.?Carolinian. State Action.?The indications are plainly visible now that precipitation will not charac- * terize the councils of South Carolina, whatever might have been the fears of her friends and the hopes and predictions of her enemies. ' The Legislature will wait for the co-operation of her sister States of the South. Having interests in common, having a sense of honor not less sensitive, having a perception of danger not less acute, the}' will be found, no doubt, ready for the encounter which is to stay wrong and aggression. No one State can take the initiative without jealousy and fear of divided councils and distracted efforts. Let the aggrieved States march in line, in their policy of defence. Lot them place the North equivocally in the wrong that history shall pronounce her verdict in their favor?that posterity shall honor their forbear ano.e, and their cotemporaries acquit them of precipitation and rashness. United action among those who are bound in common sympathy for wrong, is therefore, the suggestion of prudence not of fear of deferential regard not of a calculating patriotism. Charleston Evening Neics. JENNY LIXD. The Nightingale is really on the wing for the South, and in our next paper we ho|><? to have the pleasure of announcing her arrival in this city. Be that as it may, she is to be with us during the Christmas holidays, adding j03* and gladness to that ever joyous season. Such "Christmas Carols" as those which she will afford us, have never yet awakened sweet echoes in the Palmetto City, and we count it a peculiar gratification that Charleston alone, of American cities, will be favored with the Christmas Carols of the incomparable Jenny Lind. We earnestly hope, moreover, that she will sing, wlnie among us, as appropriate to ine season, that cxquesite anthem from the Messiah, " / know that my Redeemer livelh." In our next number, we shall doubtless be able to lay before our readers the details of the yet incomplete arrangements for her Concerts in this city, and probably to publish the first Programme. We predict that her visit to Charleston will be among the most brilliant and memorable of her American triumphs. Our people have too true and earnest an apprecia* tion of Genius and Goodness, and too much r taste for exquisite music, not to make her stay in Charleston a brilliant ovation. Not only will our city pour out its multitudes, but there will come hither throngs from Savannah, Augusta, Columbia, and even remoter towns while the country will also pay large tribute to the Queen of Song. The fable of Orpheus, whose music moved the trees, will be realized in the Concerts of Mile. Lind, for, speaking figuratively, the woods and the hills will come down to the city attracted by the magic of her voice. We are advised already that Georgia, Tennessee and North Carolina will be numerous^* represented In our great Musical Convention at Christinas. And we say to our friends afar?. Come! Come all who possibly can. Let no false shame about " manufactured enthusiasm"-deter any one of you from the pilgrimage to our .Musical Mecca. You will be repaid a thou-, a...wi fnLl if vim nnsKpRs the least snark of oas sion lor Music. What if those who.havje 'no, music in their souls' laugh at you, for proposing to come five hundred miles to hear a woman sing ! Let theui laugh, but think the while, who and what the woman is, and recal the echo of that wondroys "Herd Song," which has been mysteriously wafted to your ears a thousand t miles away from id utterance Come, and let the voico which gave it wings sink into your ve