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?wyniM .I, i H . 1 L 9^U ui ; ?g I .11 I I ' Correspondence of th? Baltimore Aim. Mfcrch TO, W49.* new administration is going on very Brtisfcetsrfly on the rules and maxims of the old, and shows it? strong good sense in first uJHMBviiQi, and reflecting on, the duties they npotv to discharge, before they feel atlfliorized to *cf as refo r mers. W*r*Ttfe>redhh the new Secretary of the TwSry, who. is a business man, and stnnds now at the band of the bar of Philadelphia, gaM'Oadienco, yesterday, to h large numher of %at, >n the end, found it prudent to bartt^ktlW liiimelf against an indiscriminate oaafcuiffht. He has acted wisely ; and will not lie long, in that most important department of tlMUgavmninieut, without comprehending why 1?W Walker, bis distinguished predecessor, had ttfflwrr himself to so many of his friends: It ig impossible tb discharge the duties of the office faitbfulfy.'and^totie, at the same time, a convetfltpnal man. ^Phe-8enat? wiH not definitely act on the case of Gen, Shields tilt Monday or Tuesday. It wn Ve an interesting case, and I may give you aAa nsrliculars. ^Riutersland that no foreign appointment will M'll June next. Neither Lewis Cass .Hennegan will he disturbed in Bmnp or Berlin, respectively. Mr. Hannegan, tetngw to say, has been appointed by Mr. PoHt * the very latest hour of the session, at ?s nT ti/hifl "Jsenarora, and, u is unde^FB,0H.g,Vle w>?h ?he consent of Genera' "*/ iorVjftMM# On I tearing it, Col. J** ) 5ssa,d to have exclaimed?''-There af ,DOre lhinSs Heaven and earth, Horo??or^?ar> ar? dream'l of! rtosophy." . Wi*: Brown has been removed fyoft* tfte sety'd issistant postmaster GeneralAfrfyyVrhf M his place. Mr. Warrener, of Ohio, |he?Bapppi.tM<Kl. The place of the second Jllr. McCalla. has been filled by Mr. Beady, of Penasyivania. hriPhto wcancy < created by (he resignation oi Mr. Graham, Treasurer of the United Stales, GMffimll piwbabHity be filled by Major Smith, thegAHamt gentleman who discharged the duties f Utah office with so much satisfaction before he wfpSSoW by Mr. Pplk. There would be HHflfr jmtico Ml that appointment. \t-??> w WasHCfOTOw, March 10,1849. .frft&iRne weather now draws into the streets aforuoh ' of the resident population, hitherto boused; and the strangers, begin to acknow]. ajgmfcittb* ppt>may shine even in Washing, tofi. This federal city is to be soon left, with upon its corner 6tone, by Sof qisitppoirtted office-seekers from all Union. The determination of I Taylor neither lo consider ror receive any application for office, but to insist that all Sicants should go to the heads of departments I'flteir applications, will put an end to the fefaftbns, and give an impulse to the grumbling of a thousand seekers afier office, and of thaw-tea thousand dependents and friends. Thus the Adminislaation will soon find for itself feut ft cold and reluctant support, even from its redbtttand most clamorous friends. 4Fhe beads of departments will, I suppose, after the adjournment of the Senate, consider Sat leisure the claims of applicants and tho t-pf removals, and report accordingly to ral Taylor. 1 hear of no more resigna- I tiOn^T^tffUAS nwl- , It was a mistake, in my letter of Friday, that Judga r Young had resigned, or intended to resign the General Land Ultice. suen nas been the vigilance and industry of the head and subordinates of the office, that its business has never been In s^cb a state of forwardness since ita/fp organization In 1836, indeed since the creation of j$e office. In 'btpfte corner's branch, under the charge of Col/S, R. Laugh/in, through his untiring exertionsiand industry of bis clerks, the busi. BOBS of Issuing, sighing, and transmitting pat. ents, has Veen so brought up?a thing that nerer was done ton any former change of administration?tbahnot a single patent or land title was left unsigned and untransmitted up to the last boar of Mr. Polk's time which required (he signature pf the retiring President. All bounty land patents completed, amountin8 to three thousand- in the last month, were . also signed by the late President, and recorded and despatched. The transmission of all kinds of patents, in February, was over twelve thousand. fVom the N. 0. Crescent City, 8th inst i . M PYlrn Webave received our files of Mexican pa- I pew to ihn Mib ulL We find by these papers that there ? very general impression pervading tbei public mind, that Santa Anna entertains a desigfi of returning to the Republic. A pro. nvncv Sent* in hi* favor had been made by one of the officers of Bustamente's army, which threaten* to assume a formidable character.? Et Monitor, of February 3d. thus speaks of the Santanlsta movement, in an article headed "Alert i'-M^The tyrant, the vanquished in all his enoodhtera with the Americans, Gen. Santa Anna, has determined to return to tho Republic. Be onfthe alert, then, Mexicans?die before permitting this fatal man, this cause of all our misfortunes and our humiliations before the enemy, to govern us. To his vanity, and inability alone, Scott owes all his triumphs." On the 20th of January, a revolution, headed by Diaz Noriega, broke out in the Slate of Jalisee . but it was discovered in time, and by the vigilance el the Governor and Commandant General* it was soon suppressed. The rebellion of Temascaltepec has also lost its alarming character, and its leader, Estevan Loon, returned to hi* allegiance. Indians.?Official news from the army operating against the Indians of the| Sierra had been received, bringing intelligence that on the 29th of Jan. Gen. Uraga had an encounter with thg insurgents, in which he completely routed theru killing and wounding a number, sod capturing a quantity of provinion*. The An.iimia ihair /tonrnHn t inn* naiam vi i/uiftii^u ?.i?hiiiuu mou ? which, as usual, go unpunished. GcaTAJfAtA-?The rasignation of the President D. Joso Bernardo Escobar, has not been accepted. News to the 29th December declares the eitj of Guatemala, in a state of seige. It was surrounded by 4000 of the insurgents of the mountains, with whom the Government proposed to treat on the most bumSlitnting terms, out the Conditions were rejected. General Parades hod been forced to abandon the city of QoesdltCnsfo, and the insurgents fiad offered his trdops the privilege of sacking the capital. It was supposed that the city would soon surrender. SaOTa Am.?Wo have referred abovo to the Santaoista movements which are going on throughout the country. El Monitor, of Feb. 6th, contains the following letter from the dis tinguhhed Geoeral, directed to Col. Saurezy Narairo; KnosTou, Dec. 21, 1849. My Esteemed Friend.?Vihen will my ene mies cease to calumniate and insult me? Are theyjiot satisfied with the injuries they have t inflicted upon me since 1R44? and with seeing me on a foreign soil, at such a distance? How do 1 offend them? What do they wish to impose upon me? Ah! how much misery and i | dishonor is the lot of our country! I have seen i | that, fir want of pretests to assail me, thev i invent icvv calumnies,and assert that I invented the expedient of procuring the accusation of Garnb?a, when It is evident how that occurred, i The despatch of what there has lieen so much said, came by the diligence route, and i contaiied only the accusation of that good la\vye\ and I interfered in the affair only on accoutt of (he respect I owe to the representatives of the nation. When Tehuacan was surprued by the Americans with the view of captur.ng me, I was forced to wander over the country with my poor family almo-U up to the momeit ol my embarkation. It was lor this reason I reserved the information for a time of tranqiility, and that I brought with me the documents relating to it, as was natural. ******** - - - 1? ?L!. I vish (o spnd you the inlorinaiton uy mi* packrt, hut it was impossible. Such is the cunniig of Gamhoa that it has been necessary to wile a history. By the next picket then you shall have it, together with the celebrated disprtch. Y?u are at liberty to publish what I may and have written in defence of Justice and my QiXnor. Arr-TONIO LnpF.Z Dh SaN'VJI Anno.. OPINION OF THE CABINET ON THE TARIFF. We annex the opinions of two of the new ' cabinet, relative to the tariff act of 1842.? They will be read with interest just now. That of Mr. Meredith, the present Secretary of the Treasury, is of a very recent date : Phil a dklpiii a, Nov: 21, 1858. My Dear Sir: I had the pleasure of receiv. ing, a few days since, your letter on behalf ol the committee, inviting me to be pr^ent at the whig jubilee in Poltsville, on Saturday next. I regre.t extremely that my engagements here will prevent mc from availing myself of the invitation. ! here could tie no occasion mi which ! should more joyfully participate in the festivities. The importance of the result of the laic elections cannot he overrated. The passage of the act of 1840 involved insuit as well as irijury-to Pennsylvania, and her people must have been blind to their honor and interest if they had not resented it. The triumphant manner in which the people of the commonwealth, and in on especial and remarkable degree the prople of Schuylkill county, have vindicated their rights at the recent dec. tions, not only shows a determination that the principles of the tariff of 1812 shall be restored, and that their industry shall not in future lie sacrificed to suit the views of political partizans, but exhibits in a strong light the tact ' that the people cannot be long deceived and ' that they can and will enforce the due rcsponsi. bility of their public servants. While we are ' able to do this, we may be sure that the repuh- ' lie will continue to be safe, glorious, and tri- 1 umphant. I ofTer fur the acceptance of our 1 brethren the following sentiment: Pennsylvania ? Proof alike against the violence of open enemies, and the subtilties of professed friends. She will always stand for the rights of industry and the principles of freedom." { I am, sir, with great esteem, very truly yours, W. M. MEREDITH. B. Baktholomew, Esq. The following is an extract of a letter writ ten in November, 1846, by .Mr. Clayton, the , Secretuy of State, to the whigs of Delaware : If tkere be any among us who shall desire to play that game, or dare to offer as a whig measure any proposition which has for objects to baffle and defeat the unequivocal restoration of the tariff of 1842, let us at once repudiate the measure, as uncalled for by the people, and op- ( pored to their wishes. Scouting all abstractions and generalities, let us continue to present the principles for which we now contend, manfully J and menly, as an object visible and tangible? ' the restoration of the whig tariff of 1842. Let t this stand as the watch-worl of tho the party 1 ?the shibboleth of our political faith. Inscribe I it on every whig flag, and each will become n 'Jarurn as invincible as tho banner of tho Con* 1 stantines. Ma. Clay's Letter in Kentucky.?Tho ] Lexington Observer is out in strong terms a- ( gainst Mr. Clay's letter, and adds: , ' If Mr. Clay had been in Kentucky, and 1 fully apprised of public feeling upon the subject, < as displayed in the Legislature and elsewhere he would have made, we think, tho concluding i part of his letter still stronger, and frankly said I at once he saw no hopes of executing his wish. I es now, and advised his friends to relinquish an impracticable undertaking. I ' What effect this document is to have upon 1 the country remains to be seen. We believe the settled convictions of tho public mind on < this subject are toe strong to be shaken by the potent influence of Mr. ('lay's name or the strength ol the arguments he may adduco." Soum> Doctrink.?A writer in the "Ho*, ton Signal," whose communication under the head of "An Exhortation to union among the States of the American Confederacy," the editor recommends to the serious consideration of his readers as "a patriotic address well suited to the times, holds the following language upon the subject of slavery. We can only wish that conservative and Christian views like these more generally prevailed in the non-slaveholdiug States: "The existence of the relation between master and slave is recognized in the constitution, and that institution of slavery which was introduced into the Southern and Xorthern States without the consent, and certainly without any criminality on their part, is countenanced, protpcted and secured by our fundamental laws. Whatever may he our theoretic opinion# about its morality or expediency, it has been admitted into our social state with all its benefits and ' mischiefs; security to the rights of the owner in ' his property is pledged by the federal compact; ' and it is no longer a question to be mooted ' whether he shall remain in the undisturbed and ' inviolable enjoyment ol them." ' Wilson* Eclipsed!?Mr, Palfrey lias made a speech in which he solemnly protested that ' before he would consent that slavery should I extend one square inch further, he would open I his old veins and let his blood out ; nay more, he would stain the scaffold or the stake with it I 'Ah,' said Mr. Boydon, a brother whig, 'we cannot believe that until we see bits suspended between heaven and earth! He Is a man of lofly, ardent patriotism, but an election is soon to take place in MassachusettsV Boston Post. CHARLOTTE AND SOUTH CAROLINA KAIL. KUAU. By reference to our advertising columns it will he seen that sealed proposals will he j received for contacting for the graduation and j masnnary of the road from the Catawba river to Charlotte. We had a few moments conversation with Mr. Palmer, the President of the Company, the other day, and we are gratified to learn that the road is progressing as rapidly as possible, and the prospects of the Company are of the most flattering kind. He also informed us that the right of way through Winnsborough, which had been in dispute, had been obtained. We have before us a copy of the proceedings of the Stockholders at Chesterville, from which we give the following extract from the Report of the Chief Engineer, as it will be gratifying to the friends of the road to learn the oxpense of i its construction. Chief Engineer's Office, Charlotte and S. C. Rail Road. Columbia, Jan'y. 8,1849. To the President and Directors of the Charlotte and South Carolina Rail Road Company. Gentlemen.?Since our last meeting, in j October last, my attention lias been directed to obtaining information in relation to the cost of iron and the following is the result. Prices have ranged, in England, for the last, three months, at from ?0 10.?. down to ?5 15?. and a contract has been lately made for the Georgia Kail Road Company, at ?0 15.?. it is therefore 6afe to assume ?6 as the price at tie manufactory, in England. This would bring the cost of your iron, delivered at the Junction, to about 850. The items of cost are as fob lows. ?0, at 84 80 to the ? 828 80 Commission. Insurance, Coast Freight froin Newport, to Liverpool, and Loading, 3 20 $32 00 Duty in U. S. 30 per cent. 9 00 Average freight from Liverpool, 3 50 Landing, 15 45 25 A J.I r.kim ro^ntl.p' intn end nn rn. fiwu H'UI UIWIIIII.^ Iiuvt v Ob UII IVmittance, nt 0 per cent, 91 46 16 Commission at Charleston, 2 1-2 per cent, 1 15 47 31 Freight on S. C. Rail Road, 12 12 cte. per 100 lbs, 2 80 $50 11 Tho South Carolina Rail Road Company will receive their freight in stock: so that $47 31 wiil be the amount required to purchase Ihe iron. The length of ;he first Division, from the Junction to Winnsborough, is 37 miles 4,660 feet. Add, for turnouts and depot tracks, say 3 miles?making, in ail, about 41 miles, at 57 ;ons per mile. 2.337 tons, at 847 31 per ton, $110,568 47 Hie estimate for timber, chairs and spikes, distributing the iron and laying the superstructure is $1,954 52 80,135 32 Cost of superstructure, from Junction to Winnsboro'. exclusive of freight on the S. C. Rail Road, $190,698 79 Add freight on S. C. Rail Road to be paid in stock, 2,337 tons at $2 80, 6,543 60 Total cost of superstructure on first Divis:on, 8197,242 39 [Charlotte Journal. INTERESTING FROM CALIFORNIA. Letters from San Francisco to the 24ih of December, have been received in Boston. The Traveller of Monday says:? Emigrants had been pouring into tho diggings from all quarters; and the writer thinks [hat at least one hundred thousand will have arrived by August next. The writer says that Ihe present is the coldest winter known in Cali[brnia for fifty years. One hundred thousand bushels of wheat had rotted in California, for want of persons to gather it. While in San Francisco, real estate had advanced 500 per cent, within twelve months; in tho Sandwich islands it had fallen 40 per jpnt. Tho latter islands aro fast becoming leserted, and it was expected that after the whaling Season was over, every white man that Jan. will leave for California. As to the chances of obtaining tho precious metal, tho writer say: '-Parties can easily ob. ain from ?30 to ?100 per day, and some that [ have seen obtained as high as 3300 per day." Tho barque Undino and schooner Starling bad sailed for Columbia river, for provisions and lumber. Provisions wero very plentiful, and were receding in price. The agent of Messrs. Hovvland & Aspinwali, Capt. Stout, has been successful in negotiating ivith the Hudson's Bay Company, for coal. Tho writer in speaking of the gold dust on >oard the U S. Ship Lexington, estimates the tmount at from 300,000 to 8500,000. From the best judgement that can be obtainjd, not more than 8200,000 in gold dust, iudejetident ot the Lexington's, has be shipped for :his country. Most of the gold dust is shipped o Mazatlan and Valparaiso, exchanged for silver, &c., and carried back to California to trado upon. It is thought also, that but little of the gold will reach this country for some lime, as Hitch of it will lie shipped to London, (o be here drawn upon from this country. A story is told of several young men of capial, who freighted a brig from tho Sandwich Islands, with 840.000 in specie, with which hey purchased gold dust for about 810 the junce?thus netting $20,000 to $25,000 by be operation. A Hatty Man.?The editor of tho Pittsburg Chronicle says: "Talk about enjoyment if wealth?it never can he enjoyed?an abunlance is a heap of misery. A man who owos i house, a small teifc, a big dog, a cow, two or hree fat pigs and a dozen of children ought to Ifhn isn't hn npvnr ran lm." oauou&ui At uv. IOI. % MW V. ?M.. Get your States.?The Times asks the following interesting question. The ladies iad belter get their slates and work out the sum: If kisses woro a ponny each, And words n groat a score, A kiss for every twenty word*, And twenty in an hour? Visit the fair one twice a week, And stay fiom eight to ono, Twould take bow long, at such a rata, To spend a hundred pounds? been installed as their umcers iur me ensuing quarter. R. H. Finch, W. A. Robt. A. Mickle, V. A. S. I). Shannon, S. A. J. Peltier, A. S. W. H. Burr, T. R. T. Capers, A. T. T. B. Lee, G. VV. L. Dkpass, (J. John McKain, W. T. G. Pegues, A. W. The Institution is based upon the soundes principles, and is surrounded |by guards, ?h( most moral and commendable?none boin< admitted as members, unless^permission of lh( parent is first shown. It deserves the supper of every Iriend to good order and sobriety, am we arc sure there are few (if any) parents o guardians among us, who would throw obstacle: in the way of their sons or wards, becoming Temperance Cadets. None nre admitted, who are too young ti understand and observe tlio obligations, am none so aged, except those Sons of Temperance who have the supervisory charge, as to embar rass by their presence, their deliberations am ceremonies. Besides the obligation not t\ make, buy, sell or nse, as a beverage, arty spirit uous or mall liquors, wine or cider, tlio Asso ciation strikes a death blow at the filthy am abominable habit of using Tobacco. Doubtless many ol the grown up childrei would profit, in this parlicular, by membership Man is the creature of habit, and youth is th< time to form them upon a proper basis. It i most difficult in alter life to break ofF from per nicious practices?it is easy in youth to proven them. Man has to reform?hoys only ti abstain. Man is constantly trying to conn back to nature, by ceasing to gratify unnatura appetites?youths have only to continue a nature formed them. Go on then boys?you cause is a good one?become Cadets " irhil the evil days come not, nor the years draw nigh when thou shall say, I have no pleasure I them." Adhere strictly?religiously to you obligations, and maintain with vigor and man fulness the integrity and reputation of you Order. In this connexion we'deetn it proper to state that the cause of Temperance is making won derful strides, in various sections of the conn try. We know, that the Sons of Temperance Temples of Honor, and Sections of Cadetsabound every where in the South and South west. Every town, village and thickly settle* community lias its Division, and they are sent tercd over the counties as thick as Churche and School hou?es. Georgia numbers abou 209, Alabama 200, and Mississippi not quit* 200?all flourishing and constantly initiating Indeed a confirmed drunkard, except in th< large Town and Cities, it quite a vara avis ii those States. The change wrought, in the course of a few years, in the tastes, habits and opinions of tha vast and powerful section of our country, bj this ttnrhl?encircling Reformation, is trulj wonderful. Its influence has reached the up permost circles" of Society, and showers it* countless blessings down upon the lowest. Odd Fellows' Anniversary. The 5lh anniversary of Kershaw Lodge No 9, I. O. O. F. was celebratod in fine style or Monday evening. The torch light procession quite a novelty among us, attracted great atten lion. The Anniversary Orator T. J. Warre? Esq., delivered a handsome address, and elo quently portrayed the peculiarties of the Order and the power and usefulness of voluntary as sociations. The public ceremonies took place in the Baptist Church, after which, the fretemitj partook of a splendid supper prepared by B. P Bovp, oftho Camden Hotel, A Hail Storm. A violent storm passed over our Town Ias< Wednesday, about hall past 1 o'clock, attendee with severe gusts of wind and a heavy dijs charge of hail. It fortunately soon blew over, The hail was of an unusually large size, and ir its fall committing sundry depredations in the way of breaking panes of glass, &c.?Nr iinrm U'!>t ftnno. if WH WIJ OC I IUUO III* * ?v.v .. tho whirling off ihe limbs of trees?and the toss ing about of fences, carriages, &c. The wirej too, on the telegraph line, were thrown down from their places, for a considerable distance. (KrHon. W. C. Pubs-ton has returned tr Columbia from hi?-'trip to the country, greatlj improved in heydfli and appearance. His friend? oppose his d^ire to resume the arduous dutiet of his post the College, until all the effects o his iaXe severe attack have entirely worn off. THE CAMDEN JOURNAL Wednesday Morning, March 21, 1840. W. Till RLOW CASTON, EDITOR. The Markets. There was considerable activity in our cotton market last week, and sales were made as I-.-I t i a. t? ?U_ t?. . J- !,? morUl (lign ns i x*Oj iwr uiu inei mu unjoy mu % ?vi has been languid. We quote now at 5 to 7. Charleston, March 19. Coflon.?This article was very much neglected on Saturday last; in fact, so little was done, the market may be said to have been brought to a stand. The transactions were confined to 302 bales, sold principally by one house, at prices ranging from 6 to 7\ cents. Prices nominal.? rm/HPr. The Cadets of Temperance. We announce to the friends of the cause abroad, that a Section of the Cadets of Temperance was organized in our Town, last week ondcr the auspices of F. L. Villipigue, W. P.? K. S. Moffat, 1st D. W. P. and W. E. Hugh, son, 2d D. VV. P. The character and numbei of applicants, and the deep interest they mani fested in the Order, give every assurance thai the rigid spirit is moving among the rising generation. Thirteen youths were initiate! into the secrets of the " mystic lie," ranging from 12 to 18 years of nge, the limits prescribe! by their Constitution. The following have that he has in his store-house, a bale .of wool, packed as a bale of cotton, weighing about $045 lbs. It was deposited for sale by the producer Mr. Charles Perkins of this District. Its quality, quantity, and mode of packing should be an object of interest to all our Agri. culturist. It certainly is an extraordinary yield for this section, and clearly proves that iti production as an article of trade niight be made i a profitable business by our Farmers. The North and East are far ahead of us in producing | Woo!, but the Report of R. F. Simpson Esq. . to the Agricultural Society of Pendleton, found .in the Patent Office Report, lately published shows most conclusively, by statistical facts and , actual experiments, that we have natural ad, vantages for raising sheep inferior to no country. Our short winters and cheap pasturing combine to make it a lucrative business. In a comparison made between the profits ol p farming and wool growing, his conclusions are highly favorable to the latter. He states the cost of a negro, land, horse and plough and p other necessary expenses to be $845, for the j purposes ol farming; producing 160 busheU , corn, and 5 bags cotton worth $214?for wool j growing, he says $819 will buy 520 sheep? , employ a Shepherd,?and pay for pasturing and r other expenses,?which will yield in wool, and in increase of flock, $693. If this calculation is based upon actual ex, periments in Pendleton, the Farmers of Kershaw might well venture to abandon cotton and produce wool for foreign maikets. Flank Roads. We publish below an extract of a letter from the Hon. Thomas Sj>encf.r, a Member of the New York Legislature from Syracuse, written t in answer to enquiries made by ono of out -!?!???- AlnflifA tb.? Anef ansi mnrla ftf ill Ill/I. ? Cllii6CIPf Irian ?c iu (tic vuoi uiiu uivvtw w> r in" PlanU Roads. ? This novel idea has heen surcessfully trier I at the North, and the Southern States are l?e J pinning to discuss the propriety *>f constructing r them?especially onr neighbors in the West err s part of North Carolina. In view of the dee[ , interest the subject is likely to nvakcn in oui country, we had intended to devote a consider , able space to it, this week, but defer it for the j pnblicntion of the extract. The letter states tha the loads carried over the Plask Roads aver age, at least, double the usual weight carriet j on the old roads, with contparaiirely no fatigue 0 of the horses. Lands contiguous have greath enhanced in value and tho Companies yearb declare, a dividend of about 121-2 per cent f) besides retaining a large fund to rebuild oi relay the track, when the plank trear or rot out v We commend the. subject to the careful consid , cration of the enterprising fanners betweer e hero and Charlotte. ?C o r.to>iIr I?unrf 1*111 npcevsnri 11 ? --1 III-1 ... ? - vary with erpry locality. Th? cost of plant nnrl the grading of the Road, mu?t both bf . n C y 1 taken into tlm account. On tbn almve Roar n (from Syracuse towards Sacketl* Harbour] ? hemlock plank were u?ed?in some of th? ] Southern Stntcs it is called Spruce pine. Ii cost delivered on the Road five dollars ppi 8 thousand feet, inch or board measure. A singlr r track was laid eight feet wide. The Road was e graded of a sufficient width for two tracks, the l( centre being raised threo or four inches, am the plank laid on one side the centre, the eartl on the other side Wing.on a level wi?h the toj r of the plank so as to allow teams meeting each * other to pass without difficulty. r **For one mile of a single track 8 feet widt and 3 inches thick, cost of plank 8 X 3i*t 528C (No. ft. in 1 mile)=l26.720 ft. board measure ' are required. Two sills 4 X 4 would adt " 2 X 4 X 4 X 5280=14080 ft., making in al! 140,800 ft, and costing at five dollars per thou . sand feet S70 ! The laying and grading wili ? cost from 30 cts. to $1 pr rod, or from 806 tr 8320 pr mile : Say, add 8100 pr mile lor gate houses, the total cost pr mile would be from ^ 81,000 to ?1,224. A Road 8 ft. wide, of 4 inch plank, with 3 sills 5 inches square, anc 3 running from Rome to Oswego (where hem. t lock plunk are worth S3,50 to $4 per M.) is estimated to cos* for GO miles $75,000, oi 3 $1,250 pr mile?being laid on an old turnpike road, but little grading was necessary. i "The most approved plan Is a single track ol , 8 ft wide o( 4 inches plank and with only 2 sills each four inches square, The sill* are laid lengthwise with tho Road and nearly 8 fl, ' and the plank laid upon them across the Road, t and at right angles to its length. The earth j must be fully up In the planks at every point, f for if any emplv space is left beneath them, the confined air will cause the rapid decay of the plank. It is not necessary to pin or spike the 5 planks to tho sills, tho weight being sufficient to keep them from. A coating of sand should be spread upon the upper surface of the plank, an inch thick. Perfect drainage Is important. "The duration of Plank Roads is frotn 8 to i 10 years or perhaps 12. It Is regulated by thoir decay from rot and not from their surface wear which is very small. It is bettor to have slight undulations in the Road on account ol ' easy drainage, but the ascent should no where be over 320 ft. to tho mile if it can well be nvnirliwl nr nnfl font in fl rod." 1 " * v,mv**i w> ** ** ? ? Richland Conrt. This Court convened on Monday, the 5th in* ' stant, and adjourned on Wednesday, 'he 14th. The industry, dignity and ability of Judge 0'Neah are reported as being conspicuous in the discharge of his duties, and that the interests ol t the State were well cared for, by her able and I faithful officer, Solicitor Fair. Much businest was transacted, and probably not more than 13 , casso of all descriptions, remain untried on the i fisue Docket. Eight defendants were sonlen* i ced to suffer punishment, some of whom had > been convicted at a previous term?for selling t liquor to, and trading with slaves?for assaults . and batteries, and for stealing. The report of i the Grand Jury is an able one, and makes mai ny important recommendations. Thoy present* . ed the retailing of spirituous liquors in the town of Columbia, as calculated to corrupt her youth and the students of the College?the gaming and drinking houses as nuisances?and the toe i .7 , indiscriminate granting and renewing licensee f to persons who have been convicted of selling liquor to negroes. They recommended the pas* / ny*-. 1 ce&led weapons,?an of a general Stipe tintendaot^-tb? ment of a Normal School, for the educaiMfaRfflfy Teachers?and the erection of a Penitentiary %r as the proper mode to refbrmcjjjpdnals. Lecture of Etwood PhA^r. -? ? < i t We have been favored by Messrs. CttlhotfR . and Woodward, with copies of a Lccf^-eit^ the North and South, deliveredbefbreiheyimjf^ Men's Mercantile Library Association of-^Btf1 ' cinnati, Ohio, by KtwoodF?lw#**ft,1*?id#'' I the ablest defences of Soufberti have yet seen, and delivered,itt itWvW4M|ft> I very hot bed of abolitionism. m'tirTiMH?fflWT* wonderful effect upon the-spirit of dggc$*sta|fi and sectional pride fostered there* hi , are new, bold, snd compretiens1re-^inrppbtW*p' | by most cogent reasoning and IrresnriibfeflpMi r gument. Its tone is dfgni6ed anddttfpwmfclnkWiifl The author tabes up, one by-doE, 'atf'ltwwat , mon place objections usually -urged agtfifrttf I slavery and its effects np.Vn I be pt'ogVPwrof'ltiiF* South, and with a masterly ha^d ?-and a pgyf? , prful sweep of thought over the world?w lies, shows how utterly groundless aM^ftaciS^T they are. The Lecture sheds i light upon the advantages and blessings ' of 00?^ ""V''^ *>U? ' ?fi un I Institutions, and its time of publication is mbsf fortunate. It comes at the rfgbf moihpnt to aid" the cause . of the South? (*(/' weak?to confirm the (loutiiing^-a^Pti^nfUCk' ! the mouths of hpr people iinansweralw arK. ments?encouraging (hem to restslaadS? endearing them to thefrF pecntto^^wg laws. It^hould he in the hands ofeveir^rjiu^l* 1 ern man, that he might fully understKiSJj^ana ! highly prize the advantages << Jj# fflstegj^ 1 der which he lives, and in the hands a?.eref|L. ' Northern man that he might ' upon the evils at home, audappfsrep^pfopqffe (lie hlessino* abroad. ... *i._. Jii ' ? o * * I tmii nu ' We are .cure that its general pircfp)pt0p> ' among our people, woultlg^nti* lemL.tn,bjR* ' about (hat concert of acLionrrrfC^knt^lajgp 1 an unit" so earnestly desiriyk -ft i^wjnri ' clote comparison of unfrring-rtitfiflifSibkliSto r there is more wealth?greyer equftfaj^^ and acquisition of proporty~-{arge* ' of population, notwjtbstandjag^hftflr ' emigrants at the North,?more ' pinesa?sounder morals?greater abundance ' or the comforts of life?less paupti 1 crime?in short, that every i ty, that makes a penjifa grP.at and pdWetfif; hW f been more successfully dereloped, n* the SooHty * in proportion to her number'of popuT*fMfti*tWtfi r can possibly be found at we lished in pamphlet form rif"#?'f||ir|h regard it' as onfe fjf the rrfb^' ? ductious of the dar." ' " TfSjMj It is truly refreshing totu*tf'R-omlhe rJtofhtg hypocrisy and the bald pafed perfrp tidbit, iMt | fill the papers and speeches of AM region* f6 j read the production of a great mind? wfW#** ) ing, on the wings of omnijmtent^froA,^^tha ' m< untains of preju.-lic^sjarounir^ him^-^anu 1 rising far al>ove the narrow hounds of local [ interests and opinions, eloquently ophbluSijj^fie 5 cause of right and justice, in tbet;f?*y tanfcot ? itrrAf nnd itrnnmnPA. t - l?t? -ttUtfc. ?mV r 1 We will publish extracts constau?Iy frotaUtp 1 Lecture, anr) attempt to lay UieetrWetrflfciUi the course of time, before our readers. . i. yascf .iff" General f , ,wi ) When the crodentiaU of Gon. s presented to the I on Mr. Walker's motion to refer them to the I Judiciary Committer and awur thefrj^ort I upon his eli<jil>ilily, Iteiore. he would. ( to take hjs seat, hut the Sonata adwtfel^Wrt, > nnd referred his case to a ?elec*?<wiw4?,pf i five. The Committee repartpd fhf l^c^ig | ficts, that the General i?na#ltgfe Itffhwfcrt* that his certificate oi naturalization , Oct. 21, 1840.,and that he was elected to the United States Senate by the/ tJegisfaWfe of 4 1 Illinois January 13, 1919?that "mR eSreti<*? was void because it took place befoffe thb'cxpi. , ration of the nine years ftnd he thenffifiywfc t \ uneli?iihlo to his seat. After the report #fis read Gen. Shields addressrd the SenqUvin a tone of mortification. Ho spoke of-the,. r at iQMpI positions he had occupied?a n State Legislature?a Judge?CommiaajoAW in the General Land office?a General in too Army and for three days Governor iafOrtgon, nil requiring naturalization, but the qubKftMf eligibility bad never before boaq raised. ^He conceded to the Senate the rigty to make jjp. i If that body decided against hitn, ho ,WtvU throw himsclt upon his State to sustain fatam* If they abandoned him, he should nevef prft&MH i. himself again for office in these CnitedSjates, Ho alluded to the letter he wrote la the Hoft, i Mr. Rreese, as if convinced it bad dofee him great injury. He said he bad beettgtHlly of an error in a letter to a gentleman of?1hat ^ , body, and confessed his wrong. He disavowed before them and before God that it eontftlsed anything of a menace of amssinatiesK Winn t he learned that it was snsceptlMe ttf tUt CM, ? struction, he had authorized a friend to I draw it. A spirited debate arose upon Ae re? , port of the committen. Some of the Senator* ...bl.? rit.i !<!. * it i i infcMr.i a bmS I | luim lilt" |Mi3i?iuii uiai iiin nwinrn wan iw? , but that ho was only not entitled to tils seat, at this time, but would bft afior 21st day ot Octbi The subject was postponed, on motion ndfr. , Webster, for consideration he*t day-; fc li lB* f lieved that General Shields will go homo and appeal to his own State to reinstate bio). Since writing the above, we find the following -letter ! by which R will be seen he has teefiered his i resignation. : .aaSBjtgS^ right to a seat in that body become a sulyecl of inquiry, and investigation, I delarpinein^h. [ staid from entering into coetest io relation to that right, and to submit, unheaitatinj^y, tt> the M