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K VOL. 10. CAMDEN, SOUTH CAROLINA, FEBRUARY 38, 1849. ~ NUMBER3. " THEOAMDEN JOURNAL. y.i - : ; t : ? ' A rVBUSBKD WKEKLY, BY T. w. PEGU E3. ' A i ~\J? - * . I' " ' FromCshmiTa European Agriculture. MANURES. ti-it n.^'I pfoeeod to the subject of manures, as > ?>? It presents itself in continental husbandly. " 'Tnis Flemish call manure-the god of sgriculOf its imnorianre not a word need I be said; and the Flemish, in the pains they Z take in Hs accumulation and use, evince the ^ estimation in which they hold it. Manure ;*is indeed the foundation of all good hnsbanMixkral Manures.?Manures divide ; themselves popularly into three kinds, niin. 1 e?al, vegetable and animal. Oi mineral manures, such as lime, gypsum "and marl, : r;: ike use seems well understood, but, within i my observation, they are not applied to so i great a proportional extent as in England i and Scotland. Lime, or the carbonate of i i* ji?phiyrd upon lands which are i . in. c!ayev,cold and heavy; and in such case it - _,.:i ''MMMfl I tlOUOIC purpose, in uitidc iiic son * Wl render it Hgtit and friable; and secondj ftr.towirm the soil. That plants lake up < some portion of lime from the soil is estab- < . listed; but this is so small an element in their < composition, that few soils are found defi- i cient in the necessary quantity. That it < should be applied to the land in a caustic or i warm stale seems likewise an established i point. Some of (lie Flemish farmers advim to the mixture uf lime with the earth and I to its application in that form; but this seems j increase of labor without an obvious < -?.? awastage. Others advise to the mixture i of Kmc with heaps of vegetable matter, so ; - we to reduce it: but, in such ease, it is like to < destroy some of the most valuable parts of : the manure. The efficacy of a dressing of f- fkae is considered by the Flemings to en- 1 dare three years; but this must obviously . depend upon the quantity applied. Thirty bushels of unslacked lime alter oeing siaea cd is considered by some fanners a proper application; while others advise (he application of thirty bushels each year for three i years in succession. i I have met with lite frequent application i of marl to light lands and to the surface of < peat lands, where it soon forms a productive nil The application of gypsum can scarcejy.be said to be general. It is sometimes \ applied in the ground to the seed of potatoes in (be planting, in which case it is generally admitted to improve the quality of the po- "i tain; and it is applied also by being sown tafcmdcMt upon young 'clover; in this latter ease, ordinarily with success. The philosophy of its operation is still obscure, it is difficult to say why it fails; but it is not less ? difficult to say why it succeeds. It will < . aMaetimcabe useful, and at o her times with- i out effect, in the same locality. A very I competent farmer in the United Slates gives it as his opinion, and the result of his expe- i rieoce,that it sometimes failed of its effects i from beimr too coarsely ? round, but that it i always succeeded when reduced to an im- ; ^palpable powder. i Much has been said of the value and ef- i feacy of sea salt as a manure, and in France est complaints have been made ofthc | vy duty, which, in fact, prevented its nao in this way. A distinguished French j fanner and experimenter, who has devoted i . , ranch time aod expense to this subject, and i Iras furnished most exact accounts of his ex- i periments and observations, has come fully- i 'to the conclusion that it is of no use what- i ever as a manure, and equally useless in the < fattening of any animals. These conclu- < sions are different from the popular notions, i which seem always entitled to some respect; tat tbey are fully borne out by the experi- i mentf repeated and varied, of this indefati i gable inquirer. i Vegetable Manures.?Of vegetable | manures I have only to say, that buckwheat -and clover are often turned in by Jhc plough, : and with acknowledged advantage. The i Flemish make a point of collecting every < species of vegetable refuse which they can I find, all vegetable matter growing upon the i ides of the mads and that which is tound in Ibe canals. They are careful likewise !? plough in (heir stubbles, excepting where there is another crop on the ground, such as dover'or carrots, which aro sometimes sown a the grain soon after the crop is harUnder this head may likewise be palccd ashes, of which the Flemish make great use. A large part of the fuel consumed in Holland is peat or turf, and the Dutch ashes are high. Jjy valued as dressing for clover. These ashes are imported from Holland into Flan, ders in large quantities in boats, and always - find purchasers. They are applied as a top dressing to dry meadows, as well as to clo. *er ana likewise to flax. It is not well determined on what their particular efficacy depend*. The ashes of sea-coal or mineral coal are likewise used as a manure, but they are J deemed very inferior to the Dutch ashes | properly so called. Heath lands are sometime* lightly skimmed, and the heath burnt ! for the sake of the ashes; but if it is intend. I od to plant k for trees, it is deemed hurtful < to remove the ashes off the surface. Wood i ashes ind tlie ashes from the soap boilers i are likewise most carefully saved and ap- I plied. Wood ashes are not easily obtained, < because of their extensive use in the arts. I The ashes from the soap boilers are much < more esteemed by the Flemish for strong rpoist lands, and have a value from their coolainiqg a considerable quantity ofhtne. Thj refuse from the bleacheries, which con- i lams a large quantity ofocap, is more valued i fbrdiy and light lands ; both of these man. res are greatly esteemed for clover and for dry meadows. Their effects are understood for three years and they are more -efficacious the second than the first year. The takes from the colza or rape, which remain after the oil has been expressed, are very much used for manure ; in which case they are thrown into the urine cistern, and applied thus mixed. They are supposed very much to increase the efficacy of this liquid manure. Within a few years, however. as I have learned at Courtrv, these cakes have been used with advantage for the feeding of cows and swineIn some parts ofFranae an 1 Belgium the stalks of the colza are ploughed in for manure, and sometimes burned upon the ground reliance being placed upon the efficacy of the ashes; and in some of the wine countries, the cuttings of the vines are dug in for manure, it is said, with singular efficacy, it is thus that that which has been taken from the earth for a growth of a plant, is returned to it as a principal element in the growth of the same kind of plant which is to follow. Soot is likewise used as a top dressing with great advantage and is considered twice as valuable as ashes. It is applied to the young clover and to garden vegetables; an4 is estimated highly for its power in destroying insects. Under good management, every article capable of being coverted into vegetable food, or of enriching the earth, should be saved as manure. I have already spoken of the use of the irainingsof the factory where potatoes were :onvcrted into starch; their effects upon grass land were most remarkable. I have in another place spoken likewise of the use - 9 t /% I f ? , J >1 the water in wnicn nax nas uccn rouea. I have seen the most beneficial results from it; but I am not aware of its use in Flanders. This water is conveyed from the starch factor)' into a basin or excavation, where, iftcr remaining a short time, it makes a coniidoraliln rienosiL This deoosit is taken out arid spread upon the land, or thrown into ind mixed in compost; and the water is Irained off", and conveyed upon the field by small ditches or ril's. From the Mobile Daily Advertiser, Hth insu PUBLIC MEETING?OFFICIAL PRO CEED1NGS On Monday night one of the largest and most respectable meetings ever assembled in Mobile, met at the Court House, to respond to the "Address of the Southern Delegates in Congress to their Consiituenls." On motion of Gen. Thomas Holland, J. E. Saunders was called to the Chair. On motion of Col. B. Boyken, Judge II. Chamberlain, Capt. James Crawford, and Charles Lc Baron, were chosen Viee-Presidents. On motion ofG. F. L-ndsay, J. R. Blocker, II. Ballentinc. and R. Brooks, were chosen Secretaries. The meeting being thus organized, the Chairman slated its objects, and was succeeded by J. A. Campbell, who, alter an impressive speech, submitted the following Resolutions:? 1. Resolved, That we heartily approve the conduct of the Senators and Representatives in Congress of the Southern States in general, and of the State of Alabama in particular, in the adoption and signature of the ^Address of the Southern Delegates" to their constituents of the South. 2. Resolved, That we fully occur in the propriety of the tone and the truth of the matter of that Address?we agree thai aggression has followed aggression, and encroachment, on ihe part of the Northern Slates, upon the rights, the feelings, and the " i r? . o. - " i . - interests oi me ooutnern oiaics, rciauve to the institution of Slavery, and that the time has arrived for a plain and explicit understanding between the different sections of this Confederacy as to the means of maintaining its peace and stability. 3. Resolved, That the encouragement and countenance g ven in the Northern States to the agitation on the subject of slavery, through the churches, organized societies, popular assemblies the public press, and the Legislatures of those States have produced a widespread alienation in the hearts of a iargc portion of our people from a further connection with those Stales, and that unless its continuance be obstructed by the sober-ininded and honest of those States, inevitably render such alienation as natural as it will be universal. That these feelings r)f al'cnation have been strengthened by the efforts made on behalf of these States to impose odious and unconstitutional restrictions upon the power of our citizens to cmierate with their property to Oregon, California, and Mexico?and that when we coni-der that, in addition to those repeated wrongs, menacing resolutions to abolish slavery in the District of Columbia, have rcecived the sanction of a majority of Northern rporesentatives. and that a lanre orooor r ' P i i linn of the same representatives deny that daves are property under the Constitution if the United States, and may be taken from their owners without compensation?a large portion of our people have concluded lhat the only alternative left to thern is an abolition of slavery at the demand of the North, or a total separation of all further political connection with those States. 4. Resolved, That the adoption by the Stale Legislatures of the principal non-slaveholding Stales, ot laws framed with the view of annulling the constitutional provision in regard to fugitive slaves?the steady and increasing demand maae uy mose states for ihe abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia?the declaration of New York that the limits of Texas as a slave territory ought to be curtailed?the incessant attacks yearly becoming more bold and unscrupulous, upon the compromises of the constitution, under which slave population is represented in Congress, manifests a strong, in creasing, and dangerous disposition on the part of those Slates to assume and exercise a complote control over the institution of slavery in the Southern States, and to dictate the terms and conditions of the relations between master and slave, to which no free and cnlighted people ought to submit. * 5. Resolved, That the territories ceded by Mexico to the United States, arc the fruit of the blood and treasure of the slave-holding Stales. That \vc cannot forget that the slave.holding as well as the non-slave-holding States contributed to the armies of the Union?Scott, Taylor, Gaines, Butler, Jessup, Quitman, Twiggs, Smith and Davis? and that Mcintosh, Ringgold, McKee, Clay, Yell, Butler, Dickinson, Burgwin, and a host of others, shed their blood for the common cause. Nor can we forget he who saved the day at Buena Vista?he who planted the standard of the Union on the walls of Mexico, and he who performed the boldest reconnoisance in the campaigns of Scott, were all , men of the South?that of the armies which ; entered the battle fields of Mexico, nearly j two to one were (roin the Southern States; that it was in the heroic deeds and by the j blood of these men, freely shed for the whole ; TT * -i - % _ _ t 1 union, wiai us line 10 mese territories nas been acquired; and I lint we should hold ourselves unworiy of the dead, and unfit to cherish the fame of the living heroes, were we to?consent to the restrictions sought to be imposed upon us in these territories, or to any measure whereby the honor, the rights, j or the dignity of the Southern States was , sought to be impaired in the government of the Union. 6. Resolved, That we are strengthened in the determination to maintain our rights by a recollection of the concessions made by the Southern States to the feelings and , opinions of the North, upon the subject of slavery. At the conclusion of the war of the Revolution, the vacant and uuappropri. atcd lands within the limits of the United States belonging to the slave holding States. Virginia consented to yield to the Union, territories for five States, and the Southern o. _ . . . - ii._ i _ _ r i_. .... oiaies coiisciueu 10 me exclusion 01 slavery frotn them?the ordinance of 1787, resting upon the legal authority, lias been upheld by the honor and good faith of the South alone ?the acquisition of territory since that time from France and by the annexation of Texas to the U. States, has been of territory in which slavery existed bv the municipal law in force. These territories have been divided?the .Northern states receiving far the largest share, from which slavery is excluded by laws, the constitutionality of which the Southe;n people deny, but which have been observed with truth and loyalty. Uii- J der these facts, the Southern people would he unworthy their ancestors, were they lamclv to submit to any legislation excluding themselves or their property from the lately acquired territories of the Union. 7. Rcsolvt:(f, That we approve the action that has been taken by the ancient ami hon- \ ored commonwealth of Virginia on these i subjects, and recommend to the Legislature of the State o| Alabama to prepare the State to sustain her to the last extremity. R TioKiilf.nl Tliaf vvn lirnrtilt.- nnnmvp i of i lie conduct of our immediate and honor* cd representative, John Gnyle, of Alabama; i whose promptness and courage in the present emergency prove turn worthy of the constituents, whose confidence lie enjoys and now doubly deserves. On a motion of Col. Root that these rcso- ' lutions he adopted, a debate sprung up, in which Col. Boyktn, Price, Williams, of Stun* I ter county, Col. Walker, A. B. Metk, J. W. L. Childcrs, Dr. Win. T. Hamilton, G. F. Lindsay, Chancellor Lesesue and J. A. Campbell participated. Finally, all obstructions to the original resolutions were removed, and they were adopted unanimously, and with sh >uts of approbation. The following resolution was submitted by G. F. Lindsay, and adopted; Rtsolved, That the proceedings of this meeting be published in the papers of this city, and that the papers throughout the South be requested to publish them?and further, that tlie Secretaries of this meeting furnish a copy of the same to each of our Senators and our immediate Representatives in Congress, with the request that they be presented to the Congicss of f.he United States. On motion of Col. Root, it was Resolved, That the last of the resolutions submitted by Mr. Campbell be sent off to G <v. Gayle immediately by Telegraph. Ilere a motion for adjournment was carried, and accordingly the meeting adjourned. Cobbet said: 'Women, so amiable in themselves, are never so ainiabic as when they are useful: and for beauty, though men may fall in love with girls at play, there is nothing to make them stand to their love like scuing (hem at icorh." A Beautiful Idea.?That was a beautiful idea of the wife of an Irish schoolmaster, who, whilst poor himself, had given graluit ous instruction to poor scholars, but when increased in worldly goods, began to think ! that lie could not afford to give his services for nothing. "James, don't say the like o' that," said the gentle-hearted wife, "a poor scholar don't coine into the house that I don't feel as if he brought fresh air from heaven with him. 1 never miss tlie bite I give him; my heart warms to the soft homely sound of his bare feet on the floor, and the door almost opens of itself to let him in." A Capital Thing.?We give the palm to the following, as the best specimen of an Irish compliment, that we overdid see! We copy from the Louisville, (Kv.) Democrat: "When the streets of Indianapolis were a perfect glare of ice, a lady pedestrian lost her baianoc and fell. A genuine son of the Green Isle, on assisting to raise the ladv, exclaimed: Faith, ye must be a lovely good lady; for dout the Blessed Book teach us that it is the wicked that stand on slippery places?" Miss Elizabeth Blackwell has received the diploma of M. D., at ihe Geneva Medical College. On receiving it she is reported to have said "I thank you sir. With the help of the Most High, it shall he the effort of my life to shod honor on this diploma." IN TEKESTING LETTER. The best letter we have yet seen from Chagrcs. is the one that wc find in the Mercer Press, from Mr. Pritchelte, Secretary of the Governor of Oregon, now on his way to his far-western destination. He says, among other things: The coast of this portion of the continent is the most strikingly beautiful that my eye ever rested upon?a succession of hills, or miniature mountains in form and arrangement, rises range after range inland, covered to their summits with the most luxuriant vegetation, whilst the margin casts back the sea in long lines of snow-white foam from its rnpfcu Inflnrna The harbor of Chngres is not more than a mile in length, and a half a quarter in breadth, across the entrance to which ts a shoal with here and there a show ol a brealer. As you approach from the north a sandy beach presents itself on the left hand, with alow background of oriental mngnificence, where, towering over a most luxuriant vegetation of every variety of foliage, rises in graceful pride the triumphant palm. On the right, a bold and rocky height, crowned with an extensive fortress, black with the night of ages, rears itself abruptly from the sea, said to have been built three centuries ago by the Spaniards. Immense labor lias been bestowed upon the work, and the expense must have been enormous. It is now dismantled?the few pieces of ordnance which remain are of cxtiaordinary size; one piece of binss, which I examined was decorated with the arms of Castile, and in length must have exceeded ten feet. The town of Chagres is built (it such a place can be called a town, or such structures be said to be built,) on what is called in the West a fiut, in the East a piece of meadow land, through which a little tributary to the river Chagres runs. At a rough guess, the whole area of the town and the sirrounding land to the hills on the left and before you, looking from seaward, and to the swamp beyond the tributary to the right, cannot exceed 100 acres. The dwellings are a single story frame of canes, placed on end, touching each other, the interstices closed with clay, which is as white as lime; the roofs are thatch of the palm leaf. They number, I am told, three hundred?two huudred, I should think would be a large estimate. The population is said to be about 1000 souls; it is negro and mulatto, the latter a cross with the native Indian. All the peculiarities of the negro race are here ..pparcnt?idle, contented and vain.? while at work (for which they cannot be sufficiently paid to satisfy them) they are naked, except a breech c!??th; the little clnl dren are frequently quite naked. The women are find of finery, and many of their dresses are costly with lace and trinkets ? There is hut little exposure of their persons, tliritl'rli I snw nrio ciflinnr tlir> ullmi* <lnv in tlif! creek, pouring water over her head, which she dopped from the stream with a gourd. Buzzards on the ground, on the trees, and in the air, are innumorahle?so tame arc they that the chrdron push them out of their way. The Pelican abound here also, and are wheeling in continual flight over the bay and ploughing in search of flsh in its waters. Parrots, of most extraordinary size and magnificent plumage ; Muscovy Ducks, called Plata by the natives, and a variety of other birds abound in the neighboring forests. Parrots and Pelicans are eaten here an i 1 have been told that some of the natives of the coast consider a stewed Jt/onkcy their most delicious dish. Fish are abundant in the river and bay, and are of a fine quality. Lizards and Sharks are a numerous race in these "diggsns." The edible Lizard (Gun. no) is found here, 1 am told, as well as Crocrodilcs and Alligators. The animals I have seen are a few cows, and a few hairless dogs, and some few goats. The most curious insect that I have observed is the Ant. It is of a small size, yet so numerous that they have worn paths the ] Gth of an inch in depth and two inches in width. I have seen them at work, carrying leaves twenty times larger than their own bulk, and as they follow each other along their tmn, cacn with a leat, they remind von of the Roman soldier advancing to battle covered with his shield. One had a flower, bearing it erect and aloft?that must have been the standard-beat er. The voyage hither by steam has been tedious, and the number of passengers which disembarked has quadrupled the price of every thing. The canoes of a larger class are hollowed out from immense trunks of the mahogany tree, and arc of considerable capacity. They were used as lighters to laud the pass, ctigers and cargo from the ship, winch lies a mile and a quarter from the shore?she drawing too much water to gel over the bar. It will cost a passenger, with an or. dinary amount of baggage, twenty.fivc or thirty dollars to reach Panama from this place. Extraordinary Development.?The New Yoilc Comnierci.il Advertiser has the following statement: Diplomatic Smuggling.?We .have seen a letter fiom one of the Northern European capitalc, in which is disclosed a fact most humilia .?. I. -II ..I I .1... ,i:.? ling i" wur coumry* n is iiiirii*;?"u uiui um uij*lomntic representative of iho United Status at 0110 of tho Northern courts, having been for some time suspected, has at length been delected in smuggling British goods?laoes, calicoes, &c.,?to the amount of 20,000 rix dollars; supposed to he a joint concern with some traders in the capital referred to. The ten large boxes containing the goods were represented by the diplomatic gentleman to contain only supplies for his own family, such as sugars, Ate; but one of them was accidentally broken open in the Custom House, and the discovery was made. The Custom House authorities took possession of the whole. The discovery is said to havo produced the deepest mortification among the American residents. THE WORSHIP OF NATURE. bv j. a. whit&er. The ocean looketh up to heaven, As 'l were a living thing; The homage of its waves is given In ceaseless worshiping. They knocl upon the sloping sand, As bends the human knee; A beautiful and tireless baud? The priesthood of the sea. They pour the glittering treasures out, Which in the deep have birth; And chant their awful hymns about The watching hills of earth. The green earth sends its incense up From every mountain shrine? From every flower and dewy cup Thfll rrronlnlK iho onn.climn WW.. ? Tho mists aro lifted from the rills, Like tlio whito wing of prajcr They lean above the ancient hills, As doing homage there. The forest tops are lowly cut O'er breezy hill and glon, As in a prayerful spirit passed On naluru as on men. The clouds weep o'er the fullen world, E'en as repentant love; Ere, to the blcssod breeze unfurled, They fade in light above. The sky it is a torn pie's arch? The blue and wavy air Is glorious with the spirit march Of messengers nl prayer. The gentle moon, the kindling sun. The many star* are givon, As sliri 11 os to burn earth's incense on? The altar-fires of Heaven*. President Polk'3 Rctirement.?The National Intelligencer, of Friday, says: "We learn lhal the President o( the United Stales intends to vacate the Executive mansion on or about the 1st of March. He has engaged rooms at the Irving Hotel, where he will remain with his family until after the inauguration of Gen. Taylor; after which they will take their departure from the city." The Taxes are, indeed, heavy?said Dr. Franklin on one occasion?and if those laid on by the government were the only ones we bad to pay, we might more easily discharge them ?but we have many others, and much more grievous to some of us. We are taxed twice as much by our idleness, three times as much by our pride, and four times as much by our folly; and from these taxes the commissioners ennnot ease or deliver us by allowing anv^. batemcnt! A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing.?Officer Harrington, of the 17th ward police, related the . following circumstances, yesterday, at the chiefs office, respecting a trick played by a thieving rascal, under the pretence of bei' g a minister of the gospel. The individual is described as being a very decently dressed man, with a very ministerial appearance, who called at the residence of the Rev. Mr. Mead, belonging to the Methodist Episcopal Church, in 7th street, and inquired of the servant girl who opened the door, if brother or sNter Mead were in. The girl replied that neither was in at present. "Then," said he, " give mo some paper and ink, and I will leave a note for hitn, as I wish to exchange pulpits." [This exchanging apoears to be often done by preachers.] Upon being furnished with the ink and paper he then said, "Will you oblige me with a little salt, as my palate is down." The salt was brought, accompanied with a silrerr salt spoon. He then said, "bring me another unsinn larcrnr " Tliic VVfIC flimn Iw liri llffi II IT A T"""' "*'*?*" - "j o silver len spoon. 44 Oh," said he, 44 this spoon is not large enough; bring me a table spoon." A table spoon was brought. He then asked for a tumbler of water; the girl went into the entry to call for some water, when the reverend gentleman pocketed the three spoons, requested the girl to open the front door, and, as he left, requested the girl to tell brother Mead that he would call the next day and see him. It is needless to say that the gentleman did'nt call. Punk Roaus.?This recent invention is growing rapidly in public favor, and roads which have been contructed have proved cheap and eligible. There are a number of bills now before the Legislature, for the incorporation of companies to construct these roads, and u general plank road law has already been passed. Among other projects in contemplation, is a road from Pittsburgh to Erie?Erie to YVaterC..J ..nA IU PrUnt.r,,-.,' lUrtl ? .IJCilUi lJ112 uiiu Ulbcmaci * uit iw uwmxv.v ?Erie to Wattsburg?Erie to Edinboro'? Meadvilirt to Watnrford, dec. &c- Throughout Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Iowa also, there is a very general movement in favor of these roads. 'The. Monroeville road in Huron county, Ohio, 10 miles in length, and costing 814,. 650, yielded in December, 1848, $317,20 net over cost of collecting, &c., being at the rate of 28 per cent, per annum, and the Milan and Richland road, 7 miles in length, for the last six months at the rate of 28 per cent per annum. White in mv Album-?A beautiful and accomplished lady gave her album to a dry old bachelor, with the above request, with which he complied in the following felicitous manner: Through all the varied scenes of life. Of sorrow pain and woe, The little pigs run through tho woods, Up to their eyes in snow. 'P.... T" Tk? M V n rtrnlil nvc thnf I ML 1 Aliir 1- ? I UW A*# A ? BAVI ?. *???." a number ol Eastern mancfaelurers have been in conclave in Washington, for the purpose o! submitting to Congress, or at least to the Commitle of Ways and Means, information concerning the working and operation of the tariff of 1846; and that having presented this information, the committee have authorised theirchairman to prepare a report to the House of Representatives on the subject. The purport of this report will, we are informed, be a review of the protective system, anu a rccummcnaauon to change the rate of duties now in force, and adopt a higher scale, and that the duties ought to be specific, instead of ad valorem. What nre you going to give me for a Christmas present," remarked a gay damsel the other day. We meekly replied that we had nothing to offer but our humble self. "The smallest favors gratefully received," was the mem tts1 sponsc. COTTON. The account* by the Niagara, eOmmericutfta are highly favorable. In the language Of writer, "altogether, present appearance* 4ro very encouraging, and a splendid trajje during the ensuing spring and summer is, expected.* The demand (or Cotton continues extensive prices gradually improving. TTie sales, toir (bo the fortnight ending 20tb January, m^iydmpnt amounted to 95,610 bales, afrtai^jfcnijdy ?f American. The consumption _'ta going Ami at an increasing rate, but less H alt other kind*. In fact every thing sectrs favoraWis'jpr * ual advance in prices. This, loo, position that our crop will go to 2, iSWXpJw to 2,600,000. The present great" ejt?e?r of rnr>i>iiiU At thu rliffitrpnt nnrfi nVAA tttniie'of Ih* last year, cannot as yet be dremetrconeiapprsr that the crop must go beyond, or e.fen to,'A* above estimate. There was nothing in the prices of last year, to induce i, more *iteodW culture of Cotton, on the contrary, e*n*J thjng^ was against it. We see nothing, therefore, t& warrant any great exeess beyonoa Mf fcverafo ^ crop. Whafc\'er excess may take piece* we ar# confident the increasingconsun'iptlo^'Wn^mdref thnn compensate: We annex tte following ri? tract from the Manchester Annn^jjfcyfr.^ Keport, m dlust ration of our opirnon-, Iml Ow ratio in the increase of consumption) ? pS&tif V than that, of the production. The consumption of Cotton in great Britain, it will lie ottitrfVed^ in pounds, millions and tenths, frofti j",30i,t?? 1848, has nearly doubled, and In the tfnited States it has gone on even inn nivalis!.rut io* But we give the extract as highly interesting t The importance of the Cotton maoifMtiiV to this country has become very great, and hr every year increasing. The export* ef Tie* and Goods according to official retdrnsataoimt in value to about one-half, and thht teilile fabrics to about a fourth of the whole1 our exportation*. During (lie present century * ' no other branch of industry has made so.rapu? s progress or been of so great inportance. TW * consumption of cotton has gone otf 1f? the toflowing ratio annually, in lbs, millions, %ad> tenths: 1815. 1820. 1825. 1830. I840.M84& 80.0 120.3 168.8 247.6 458J 5?&0 From returns made at various perted***** citicuiHie iiiui lucre arc hi prneai vmw ?awt000 persons directly engaged in cotton Ibctetfejr independent of the large number of mechanics and others who indirectly derirp their means of suhsistance from the same source. Looking also to the future we do not think'artytrtriW it likely to advance in a greater ratio, ? tlrCre isno material for elotbmg likely to compete in cheapness or utility with cotton ctolh, anditr consumption will he augmented nototd/iri pro* .t portion to the increase of population, barofeiVi* ? iization throughout the wi.riB.' A reft hence7 to 'the progres of o?r shipments to seme oftW principal markets in the past confirms thfa.^ For example; ftSl. To India and Cniim, millions of yards 27 102 20& ? And in tlie same years our exports were 307 - V6 Connected with this subject it is of importance' to look at the prorres of manufacturing in other* countries. Amei v is our most formidable rival, and her estimated annual consumption may now be set down at (500.000 bales f ihef quantity gnnerafly stated i? 530,000^but it. in calculated by well informed parties that about 70.000 hales are worked np which do net pass the ports, and are therefore riot embraced itr the usual computation, ft fs worthy of remark takin2 into account the increased wefghit pf ther package*, that America has np\v arWVed at what was the consumption of Great Britain previous to the year 1830. During the years that have intervynetf the progress made in the States it even greater than that m this coonlnr. 1878 the populatiou of Lowell (the principal seat of the manufacture,) was only 3900 ;hj the last return (1846) it was 20,000; nntf'a' year ago there was in this, the Manchester of Amari* co, 301,000 spindle*, 8749 looms, and lh?*y were consuming weekly 637.000 iWi cotton, which approximates the present consumption of Scotland. The Manufacturing of cotront goods seems, also, to he progressing rapidfy mr Russia, judging from the quantity ofthe caw material exported thence from UveTpbor and Hull, which is as follows; 1846, 51,500 bates; 1847,60,100 hales; 1849, 93,300 halex^ Jncreased supplies are also heing sent there fJom other quarters.?Char. Mercury, Nr Plus CTltba of Ijcfuiw^c*.?The Washington Globe translates the following from a letter in German, which we find in ffte tional Democrat of the first instant;' 'The occurrence took place at Philadelphia in January, and is as cool a piece of rascality as jre have heard of lately, though our regiearches in the ?ewsuaDcr8 httve been pretty exteusire this . 11 " 5 x-.-t winter: . . A night or two ago a bouse in a rather retired part of the city was broken open without the least disturbance being given to the inmates. * They were greatly surprised, though, when they entered the parlor next morning to Hnc| it lighted up. The gas lights were burning brilliantly, and the candles about the angles of the room were in full blaze. On the table was empty wine decanters and glasses, and among thein lay the family Bible open, with the foi. lowing passage in Isaiah, strongly underlined: Chapter 56. verses 10, 11 and 12. 'His watchman are blind : they arc til ignorant, they are all dumb dogs, they cannot bark ; sleeping, lying down, loving to slumber. "11. Yes, they are greedy dogs wbteb can never have enough, and they are shepherds that cannot understand: they all look to their own way, every one from his gam, from his 'quarter. " 12. Como ye, say they, I will fetea urine and we will fill ourselves with strong drink; and to-morrow shall be as this day and much more abundant. It is carrying impodence to great length, says the letter, when thieves do their stealing with the holy prophet in 'heir hands, and in our pi. ons city ol Brotherly Love, were, on the Sab* bath, a cock would be punished forcrowiug too loud. 'V S*. The Umo^,?Professor Chevalier, in the course of an article in one of the leading French papers, thus briefly and forcibly notices j .u_ iflft spi' 11 of our ppopic ana ?in ?uv Union:?"The American people, in their die. sensions, possess the rare and meritorious wis. dom of abstaining watchfully from extreme measure#. The utility of the"tJnion for every. boJy?its most prolific, universal utility?is present to all minds. Disputants grow hot and angry | the agitation of parties rites high j but sooner or later, all is settled hy one of those compromises which appertain to the essence of representative government.*