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questions. What then we do insist on, is, to to extend slavery, hut that we shall not he prohibited from imnr igrating, with our nr-'perty into the Territories of the United States, he cause we are slaveholders; or in other words, that we shall not on that account he dhfnnchised of .a privilege possessed by all others, citilens and foreigners, without discrimination as h> character, profession, or color. All, whether savage, barbarian, or civilized, may, freely enter and remain, we only being exclude^, , We rest our claim, not on the high grounds above stated, hut also on the solid foundation of right, justice, and equality. The Tenitoriea immediately in controversy?New Mexico and CaHfiMriua?were acquired hyJLhfc.commoii sacrifhcSjffid ?flbrts of ail the Stltte^Wfudg which the South contributed Itr tn<?re.lhhn "^her full share of men,* to say nothing of^ttioney, and *- At* nenrtt n r J n r i nU: 'ftiTttfmi-i |j ,?l i CI1 fairness, awl equality, e ntiiltt^feparticqmie (ill. ly In the benefits to from their acquisitioa. But as iwprognahlg;asas this "round there is another not less so, a* mem* * hers of the Federal Union, tho^Territo-ies he. long; and they are heqffrtfcclarcd to he Territories belonging to States. The States then are the jSTffWvurners Now it is tjoneederl by all writers on the subject, that in all stich Governments their members are rqtial ?equal in rights and equal in dignity. To deprive, then, the Southern State# and their cifi. "zenaof their full share in the Territories declared to belong to them in common with the sither States, would be in derogation ol the equality belonging to them as member* of a Federal Union, and sink lliem, from being equtls, into a subordinate and dependent condilion. Such are the solid and impregnable grounds on which we rest our demand to an equal participation in the Territories. But as suiid and impregnable as they are in the eyes ol justice and reason,tliey oppose a feehie resistance to a majority, determined to en. gross the whole. At the last session of Con gtessi, a hill was passed, establishing a territorial government lor Oregon, excluding slavery therefrom. The President gave his sanction to the bill, and sent a special message to Congress assigning his reasons for doing so. These reasons pre-supposed that the Missouri comprom fee was to be, and would be, extended west of the Rocky Mountains, to the Pacific Ocean. And the President intimated his intention in his message to veto any future bill that should restrict slavery .south of the line ofthat compromise. Assuming it to have been the purpose and intention ofthe North to extend the Missouri compromise line as above indicated, the passage of the Oregon bill could only be regardedas evincing the acquiescence of the South in that line. But the developments of the present session of Congress have made it manifest to ail. that no such purpose or intention now exists, with the North, to any considerable event. Of the truth of this, we have ample evidence in what has occurred already in the House of Ranraunlatirai ivliorp ihe nonular feeling* 8Te "'f * "?-? - "v.- - r i ? - soonest and most intensely felt. Although Congress has been in session hut little more than one month, a greater number of measures of an aggressive character have hepn Introduced, and they more aggravated and dangerojs, than have been for years before. And what clearly discloses whpnce they take their origin, i< the fact, that they all relate to the territorial aspect of the subject of slavery, or some other of a nature and character inti niately connected with it. The first of this series ofagressions is a resolution introduced by a member from Massachusetts, the object of which is to repeal all acts, or porta-ofacts, which recognise the existence of slavery, or authorise the selling and disposing of slaves in this 'District. On the question of leave to bring in a bill, tho votes stood 69 lor and 82 against leave. The next was a resolu lion offered hy a member from Ohio, instruc ling the Committee on Territories to report forthwith bills for excluding slavery from California and New Mexico.f It passed by a vote of 107 to 80. That was followed by a bill introduced by another meml?er from Ohio, to take the votes oft he inhabitants of this District, on the question whether slavery within its limits should be abolished. The bill provided, according to the admission of the mover, that free negroes and slaves should vote. On the ques. tion in lay the bill on the table, the votes stood, for 100, against 76. To this succeeded the resolmnn of a mpmher from New York, in the following word*; "Whereas the traffic now prosecuted in this metropolis of the Republic in human l>eing?, as rhattles, is contrary justice and the fundamental principle* nt our poimrai tjsm, and'is notoriously a reproach to our conn, try, throughout Christendom, and a serious hindrance to the progress of republican libertj among the nation* of the earth. Therefore, Rrsalved. That the Committee for the Dis triet of Columbia be instructed to report a bill, a* soon as practicable, prohibiting the glare trade in said District. On the question of adopting the resolution, the vo'es stood 93 for, and 83 against. He was followed by a member from Illinois, who offered a resolution for abolishing slavery in the Territories, and all places where Congrpgs has exclusive powers of legislation; that is, in all forts, magazines, arse, nals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings, purchased by Congress with the consent ofthe Legislature ofthe States. This resolution was passed over under the rule ofthe House without being put to vote. The rotes in lavor of these measures were confined to the members from the Northern States. True, there are some patriotic memtiers from that section who voted against all of them, and whose high sense of justice is duly appreciated; who in the progress ofthe aggres ions upon the South have, by their votes, sus. fained the guarantees of the Constitution, and . of whom we regret to say many have been sac rlficed at home by their patriotic coijisp. We hare-now brought lo a close a narrnfivp i of series of acts of aggres*inn and encroach. J menf, connected with the subject of this address, Including those that are consummated and those still in progress. They ate numerous. great, Md dangerous, and threaten with destruction file greatest and nrnt vital of all the interests *nd<ii?frtulinn* of the South. Indeed it may be sJot/btfcd whether (here is a single provision, i Totai Mtmber of volunteers from the South: Regiments ... 33 Battalions ... 14 Companies ... 120 Total number of volunteers from the Sonth 45,640 Total number of volunteers from the North: Regiments ... 22 Battalions ... 2 Companies ... 13 Total number of volunteers from the North 23,084 Being nearly two on the part of the South to one on the part of the North. But take into con. federation that the population of the North is two. | thirds greater than the South, the latter has furnish, a more than three times her due proportion of volunteers, fSince reported to the Ilott.ce. v i ? ' ; stipulation, or guaranty of the Constitution, iii* ; tended for the security of the South tnat has not I I been rendered perfectly nugatory In nil hut two i Stale*. It may even he made a serious ques- i tion, whether the encroachments already made, i without the aid of any other, would not, if per mitted to operate unchecked end in emancipation < and that at no distant day. But he that as it may it hardly admits of a douht that, If the nggres. : sions already commeneed In the Rou<e, and i now in progress, should he consummated, such i in the end would certainly hp the eonsequpnee. F.ittle, in truth, would he left to he done after i we hax'e hpen excluded from all the Territories, including those to he hereafter acquired; after slavery is abolished in this district, and in the numerous p'nees dispersed all over the South, where Congress ha? the exclusive right of legislation, and after the other measures proposed are consummated. Kvpry outpost and harrier would he enrried, and no'hing would he left hut to finish the work of abolition a' pleasure in the States themselres. This District, and a'l places over which Congress has exclusive power ' of legislation, would he asylums for fugitive I s'aves, v herp. as soon as they placed their feet, they would hecomp, according to the doctrines of our Northern assailants, free; unless there should he some positive enactments to prevent it. Under such a stale of things the probability i?, that emancipation would soon follow, without any final art to abolish slavery. Tlir depressing efleets of stirh measures on the white race a* the South, and the hope they would create in the Mark of a speedy emancipation, would produce a state of feeling inconsistent with the much longer continuance of the existing relations between the two But be that as it may, it is certain, if emancipation did not follow, as a matter of course, the final acts in the States would not be long delayed. The want of con. slilutional power would oppose a feeble resistance. The great body of tbe North is united against our peculiar institution. Many believe if to be sinful, and the residup. with inconsiderable exceptions, believe it to be wrong. Such being the case, it would indicate a very snperfi- i cial knowledge ofhnman nature, to think that, | after aiming at abolition. systematically, lor so | many year*. and purming it with siteh unsrrn. polons disregard oflaw and Constitution, that the fanatics who have fed the wav. and forced the great body of the North to follow them, would, when the finishing sfrolre only remained to he given, voluntarily suspend it. or permit any 1 constitutional scruple* or consideration of jus. i tice to arrest it. To those may he added an ' aggression, though not yet commenced, long [ ( meditated and threatened: to prohihit what j the abolitionists call the internal slave trade, ; I meaning thereby the transfer of slaves from one 1] State to another, from whaferer motive done, ? or however effected. Their object would seem ' to be to render them worthless, by crowding I them together where they are, and thu9 1 hasten the work of emancipation. There is < reason for believing thai it will soon follow 1 those now in progress, unless, indeed, some de. cisivestep should betakenjare the meantime to < arrest the whole. ' The qeestion then is, will the measures of < aggression preposed in the Ifotise he adopted? ' They may not, and probably will not. he this 1 session. But when wo take into consideration i that there is a majority now in favor of one of I them, and a strong minority in fitror ofthe other, | as far as the sense of the H"?iso has been taken; that thpre will be in all probability a consider- ' able increase in the next. Congress of the vote ' in favor of them, and that it will he largely in- > creased In the next succeeding Congress, un- | der the census to be taken next year, it amounts ' almost to a certainty, that they will he adopted, unless some decisive measures is taken in ad- ' vaneo to prevent it. ' But, if even these conclusions should prove ' erroneou*?if fanaticism and the love ot power < should, contrary to their nature, for onco re. spec! constitutional harriers ; or if the calcnla- I tioni of policy should retard the adoption of I these measures, or even defeat them altogether, i there would he still left one certain way to ac- I eomplish their object, it the determination avow, i cd by the North to monopolise all the Tcrritories, to the exclusion of the South, should I)b carried into effect. That of itself would, at no s distant day, add to the North a sufficient num. her of States to give her throc-fburfhs of the ' whole ; when under the color of an ampndmcnt ofthe Constitution, she would e nancipnte < our slaves, however opposed it might be to i!? true intent. I Thus, under every a?pect, the result is certain 1 if aggression he not promptly ami decidedly met. How it is to met, it is lor yon to decide. Such then being the case, it would he to insult you to suppose you could hesitate. To ? destroy the existing relation between the. free ( and servile races at the South, would lead to consequences unparalleled in history. They ? cannot he separated, and cannot live together ? in peace, or harmony, or to their tnutal advantage, except in their present relation. Under s any other, wretchedness and misery, and desolation, would overspread the whole South. The example of the Itritish West Indies, as blighting r as emancipation has proved to them, furnishes a "??" ni/*inr? nf ih(> calamities it would ?. ....... r.^.- ^? bring on the South. The circumstances under which it would take place with us, would he entirely different from those which took place with them, and calculated to lead to far more disastrous results. There the Government of ? thp parent country emancipated slaves in her r colonial possessions?a Government rich and i powerful, and actuated hy views of policy, (mis- I taken as they turned out to he) rather than fanuti- e cism. It was, heside, disposed to act justly to- t waids the owners, even in the act ofeinancipa- s ting slaves, and to protect and foster them after- u wards. It accordingly appropriated nearly 8100.000,000 as a compensation to them for s their losses under the act, which sum, although j it turned out to he far short of tho amount, was ( thought Ht the time to he liberal. Since the c emancipation, it has kept up a sufficient military t and naval force to keep the blacks in awe, and r a number of magistrates, a/uJ constables, and I other civil officers, to keep order in the towns e and plantations, and enforce respect to their v former owners. To a considerable extent, c these have served as a substitute for (he police i formerly kept on the plantations hy the owners and their overseers, and to prevent the social I and political superiority of the white race.? i Hut. notwithstanding all this, the British West t India possessions are ruined, impoverished, e miserable, wretched, and destined probably to t he abandoned to the black race. Very differ. I ent would ho the circumstances under which e emancipation would take place with us. If it s ever should he effected, it will ho through the t * * ^ - ?II . J _ agency of the f ede uoveriirneni, comroueu c by the dominant power of the Northern States c of the Confederacy, against the resistance and r struggle of the Southern. e It < a i then only be efTected by the prostration p ofthe white race ; and that would necessarily t engender the bitterest feelings of hostility bo- t< tween them nnc| the North- Hut the reverse c pLt i . Wnd he the case between the blacks of I South and the people of the North. Owi iheir emancipation to them, they would regt ihem as friends, guardians, and patrons, a centre, accordingly, all their sympathy in the The people of the North would not fail to ciprocate and t' favor them, instead oft whites. Under the influence of such feelin and impelled by fanaticism and love of pow ihey would not slop at emancipation. Anotl step would he taken?to raise them to political und social equality with their f nrier owners, by giving them the right of voti and holding public offices under the Fede Government. We see the first step towan in the hill already alluded to?to vest the fi hlacksand the slaves with the right to vote the question of emaneipnlion in this Distrid Rut when once raised to an equality, ll would become the fast political associates the North, acting and voting with them on questions, and by this political union betwr them holding the white race at the South complete subjection. The blacks, and the p fligate whites that might unite with the would borome the principal recipients of fere offices and patronage, and would, in con quence, bp raised above the whites of the Soi in the politieal and social scale. We woi in a word, change conditions with thern degradation creator than has ever ret fallen the lot of a tree and enlightened people, and c from which we could not escane, should p.m: cipation take place, (which it certainly wil not prevented,) hut hy fleeing the home' ourselves and ancestors, and by abandoning i country, to our formpr slaves, to brc>me i permanent abode of disorder, poverty, mise and wretchedness. With such a prospect before us, the grar and most solemn question that ever claimed I attention of a people is presented for our r.i sideration: What to be done to prevent It is a question belonging to yon to decide, we propose is, to give voti ottr opinion. We, then, are of the opinion that the f and indispensible step, without which nothi can be done, and w'th which every thing rr lie, is to unite among yourselves, on this gr and most vital question. The want of un arid concert in reference to it has brought South, tho Union, arid our system of fJove inent, to their present perilous condition' Instead of plncing it above all others, we hi made it subordinate, not only to mere questii of policy, but to the preservation of party t and ensuring of parly success. As high as hold a due respect fur these, we hold them si ordinate to that and other questions involvi your safety and happiness. Until they are held by the South, the North will not belif you are in earnest in opposition to th*ir < crunchment*, and ihey will continue to one after another, until the work ofabolitior finished. To convince them that you are, j must provo by your acts that you hold all otl questions subordinate to it. If you been united, and prove yourselves in earnest,! North will he brought to a pause, and to a c :u!ation of consequences; and that may le io a change of measures, and the adoption o lourse of policy, that may quietly and peaceal terminate this long conflict between the t sections. If it should nut, nothing would main for you hut to stand op immovably in < lence of rights, involving voin all,?your p perty, prosperity, equality, liberty, and sale As the assailed, you would stand justified til laws, human and divine, in repelling a hi 10 dangerous, without looking to consequenc tnd to resort to all means necessary for tl purpose. Your assailants, and not you, wot be responsible for consequences. Entertaining these opinion*, we came* jntreat you to be united, and for that purp< idopt all necessary measures. Beyond t we think it would nut be proper to go at pr eni. We hope, if you should unite with any thi ike unanimity, it may of itself apply n rcme o this deep sealed and dangerous disease, 1 fsuch should not he the case, the time will th iave come for you to decide what course idopt. (Signed by) J. M. Mason, R. M. T. Hunter, A. Atki ion, T. H. Bayly, H. Bediuger, R. L. T. Bea l\ 3. Bocock, K. K. Meude, R. A. Tompw W. (J. Brown, of Virginia. J R.J. Daniel, A. W. Venable, of Noi Carolina. A. P. Butler, J. C. Calhoun, A. Burt. I. I .lolrnes, R. B. Rh'-tt, R. F. Simpson, D. W ace, J. A. Woodward, of South Carolina. H. V. Johnson, of Georgia. H. T. Turney, F. P. Stanton, of Tcnnesu W. R. King, B. Fitzpatrick, John Ga) J. W. Harris, S. W. Inge, T. W. Bowdu f Alabama. Jel. Davis, H. S. Foole, A. G. Brown, \ J. Featherston, P. W. Tompkins, J. Thon ion, of Mississippi. S. U. Downs, Emilc Lesere, J. II. Marma on, T. E. Morse, of Louisiana. D. R. Atchison, of Missouri. 3. Boorland, W. K. Sebastian, R. W. Joh on, of Arkansas. I) Ij. Vulro, of Florida, Timothy PilUbury, of Texas. FLORIDA RESOLUTIONS?WILM01 PROVISO. The following Resolutions introduced ilr. Blackburn, Chairman of the House (Joi nittee on Federal Relations have been unai nously passed in each branch of the Flurii legislature. Wo rejoice at this unanimity th 'ihihiled. Let all the Southern Stales act his same spiiit, and all the North will vc oon see how far there are divisions aino iurselve8 on these momentous questions: Resolved by I he Senate and House of Repi enfalives of the State of Florida in (ienci Assembly convened. That as friends of tl Jnion, we view with most serious alarm l :ourse of our Northern brethren in relation he question of Slavery; a course whic narked by unkindne.ss, wrong, insult and injm las already, to a most unfortunate extent, wea ned the bonds which unite (hem and u vhich, if persisted in, in the same spiiit, c; >nly terminate in further alienation, and in tl nevitable dissolution of the Confederacy. Resolved, That the recently acquired Ter ory having been purchased by blood and tre.i ire, of which her full proportion was conlril. ed by the South, she and her sons are entitl qually, with any other portion of the Union, he enjoyment of the same; this General Assei ?ly, therefore, believing that Congress posse: s, under the Constitution, no power to p? uch a measure, adopliong similar language hat of the Legislature of Virginia, hereby d laro it as their opinion, ''under no circumsla ea, will (he people ol (his State be willing ecognise as binding any enactment of the Fe rnl Government which has for its object tl irohibit ion of slavery in any Territory South he line oftho Missouri Compromise, holding o be the natural and independent right of ea itizen of each and every State of the Cotifed he racy, to reside wilh his property, ol whatever ng description, in any Territory acquired hy the ird arms of the United States, or yielded hy treaty nd with any foreign power." m. Resolved, That the Abolition of Slavery in re- the District of Columbia, involving as it does, an he exercise of power not granted by the Constilugs, lion, and designed, as it is, as a means of nflecrr, ting the institution of slavery in the States aler gainst which it is aimed as a blow, should be. a resisted on the part of the South, by \vhate\*er br- means are best adapted to the protection of the ng Constitution, the defence of herself, and the ral preservation of the Union. i it Resolved, That knowing no parly names, or ee political divisions, on questions involving in on their settlement and consequences the characI? tor, property, and lives of those whom we rpplev resent, we are ready, heart and soul, with a of nnitpd front, to join Virginia the Carolina*, and all the other Southern States, in taking such meas. en ures tor the defence of our rights and the preser. in vation of ourselves, and those whom we rn ho'd dear, as the highest wisdom of all may, >m, whether through a Southern Convention or ral otherwise, suggest and devise se Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be nth transmitted to the Governor of each ol the slave dd, State*, with a request that they be laid before _ r ?r.n?ti ,rp now in session. ? a mo U* ^l^miuioo ?M ru\,H I?vr ? w z the camde.n Journal, : (1f Wednesday Morning, Feburary 7, 1849. 1',r W. THURLOW CASTON, EDITOR. I he r^' D"Tlie Editor of tlie Journal will be absent from the State for a few week?, during which hi.* duties will be attended to by a friend. Ihn 1 The Markets. jl7 The late unfavorable European news has caused All a slight decline in our cotton market; the receipts of the week have been somewhat light; we quote irst at 4$ to Of A fine article would command 6^. in}? Charleston Feb. 5. my Cotton.?Tlie Cotton market wr.s again euf very quiet on Saturday, owing to the unwilling, ion manifested liy holders to meet buyers nl 'he the decline demanded. Prices were very onrn settled. Sales about 500 bales, from G to 7c. ? at a decline of 1-8 to 1 4e. IV p Telegraphed to Charleston Conner. !i1r i Nkw York Markp.t.?On Thursday last, 108 the market f??r Cotton was in a depressed state, holders exhibiting much anxiety to dispose ol I' ' their stocks. Seventeen hundred bale* were inP sold at a decline of an eighth to a qua ter rent 8() per pound on the prevailing prices of the pre. !Ve ceding Saturday, The private advices of the pn" English news were more unfavorable than the ,%T* published accounts. t is fou uy Erratum?In the article in our last entitled er "Our Town," we inadvertently wrote the Steam'J10 er " Wateree" for VtKalb. The VVateree has the a| been withdrawn frotn our river for some time past Q J ????? P ^ The Sumter Banner. I}j The last number of the Banner contains an arti^ cle in reference to the late visit ol a portion ol rR> our Sumter friends to.this place, (to atteud the je. Temperance Meeting held on the 2Gth ult) the ;o. tone of which wc do not half like. But as we ty. have been favored with a coninnnication on the by subject (which will appear in our next) we forbear ow any reply to ilic unainiabie remjrka to which we t,8? allude. lal jhJ Mr. Calhoun's Address. We are cure we need not call attention to tins by document, which we publish to day; it is on a wt* subject too vital and important; has been too anx^'8 iously looked for by all Southern Men, to require es" an introduction to their no'ice. But we deem it ? ? ur dutv to make a few observations on this imporng r jy tant paper, which may accompany it into the 7u'l hands of our Readers, and perhaps be considered 1Kn with it. They will perceive that the report is adto dressed to thein. That it contains a sketch of the History of our Wrongs, an assertion of our Rights. and a recommendation to united action. In- It is addressed to them exclusive'y. From the 'e? Southern Members to their constituents?ar d why )n' was it not addressed to their Northern Brethren ad ^ Mr. Berrien proposed in his substitute! For this very good reason, that it is a dumes'ic, family rela? tion of owr own, which is sought to be intruded Ji* ? a| upon, in violation of the sanctity of our hearthstones; and shall vie address a remonstrance to such an inlru-ler ? Our great misfortune has been that we ever ad'e? rnitted an argument on this question. A? individuals, we are sure few of our people would argue with an impertinent intcrmeddler with their " rights as householders. And yet, we have done so politically?and Messrs. Berrien &, Co, would n have us continue to do so. The Address contains a history of our wrongs and an assertion of our rights, because the people of the South have slept so quietly?through sucli a storm of insult and aggro.-sion?that the inference was inevitable, that they slumbered in blissful ignorance of their rights having been thus violated ; , and this is an effort to arouse them to the consciousness of danger, ere it be too late lorever. |,y The recommendation to united action, may be m. thought a tame abstraction?indeed, many have exijt*. pressed disappointment, that this address containJn cd no plan of operations ; but we take it, that the hi* spirit must prompt to action, before any specific "I plan is adopted; and this, we believe, the only ?7 I thimr necessary. 41 When there's a willj there's a way"?whenever the people of the South determine to defend their liberties, Clod will point out m(ij the way to successful action. But there is in this ^ address, some'hing which has disturbed us, inore h,. than all else it contains. It is a prophecy?a prolo phccy of direful degradation and misery, which :h, every reflecting mind must admit, will ensue, if the ry, South remain submissive in the hands of her cuek* mics. Let this matter be considered well. Let 8 ? primary assemblies of the people be held through1,1 out the South, to consider this address, and decide what the "united action" recommended, shall be. j Let those who are too fast, wait for those who are too slow, and those who arc too slow, hasten their (U> steps, so that in one unbroken column, we may e(| march on to success, under the triumphant banner to of Truth and Justice. A meeting of this character ti- has already been called in one of the Columbia Papers. In Texas, a large and enthusiastic Meet 188 ing has been held which passed a series ot resoluto tinns of excellent tone and spirit, and proposed e* a plan of State action, prompt, spirited and efficient, "j It is time, in our opinion, that somo action were u?i .mnniT nup nwn immediate people, for already i.uu arc we threatened by Leading Party Journal# nt of the North, (the true representatives of the popular ; it feeling,) with the prospect of exterminating wars, ch | if wo resist them?of the perils pf battle between le- six millions of men and twenty million*. I'hey 1 1 j.1 i agj i e*B81 appeal to history, to prove that t b^tiae of conquei has ever flowed from North to South, and thoi with a more than Mexican gasconade, foretell ou fate. Well may they rely upon this supposed in cvitable destiny, as the basis upon which to founi their odious hypothesis, involving, as it does, th conquest and degradation of their own Brethrei Upon no other ground can they dream of succest should the issue assume this dreadful shape. The Chester Observer. We have received the first number of th Chester Observer, published by Z Bridwf.ll, J It is a handsome sheet, printed with new type an we hope cur friend will meet a liberal patronag Trnm thp citizens of old Chester. We are sure It will deserve it. We rejoice to state that Hon. W. C. Pres ton, lias so far recovered from his recent attacl as to lie able to ride out. He is mo<t anxiou to resume his duties, which his friends will nr consent to, until he has entirely regained hi strength.?Columbia Telegraph. Editorial Correspondence. Ai.asama. J?n. 1849. Augusta is a flourishing city, nnd claims 8 00 inhabitants. She certainly enters into the great iir provemenls of the age, with spirit and energy, an can bousl of considerable number of factories an i mills. Her factories lire very extensive, and sell cnl ton cloth from 5^ to 6 cents per yntd, cheaper, it said, than it can lie bought at the doors ol Low el While other poriions of the South, have Keen waslin their time anJ means, in considering what ought to ti done to develope her stiength and resources. August has gone to work, and her factories, Iter flour mill; and Iter workshops for making .Railroad machinerj wheels and springs, &.C., manifest her foresight an ? ? ko ?I.a ftvirlu imnrtcf fnnri/1 fnr win wiauDiii, as uiuifii i/jr mv -... in made , an l>y tlic large dividend upon capital, res 1 izi'd by the Stockholders. ' Sunday (14th insf.) was a pleasant day to spend i Augusta. The Georgia Conference of M. E. Churc was in Session, and the Ordination of Deacons or Eldeis by Bishop Capers was most interesting. D Lovick Pearcc picachcd in the morning, and his so George F. Pourcc in the evening, both men of abilil and eloqticnco. Dr. Ellison, President of Emory Co lege, also preached in the evening in another Churcl During the Morning Service, the Bishop ordained 1 Deacons, aftor which, assisted by Reverend Mcssr r Pearce, Longstrcet. Dunwoodie, Paiks and Etans. I ordained by the imposition of bands. 9 Elders. Tf [ Bishop's health w .s very feeble, and Rev. Parks prt sided over the deliberations of Conference. Georgia is a great Slate, and her people are industr ous and enterprising Her population increased froi 1833 to '40, 171.5GD, while that of South Cnrnlim only incrcastd 13,213 In 1830, South Carolina wt ahead liy 64 362 inhabitants,?in 1840 Georgia ou numbered her by 96 994. Between 1830 and '40, S; I vannali increased 3 911, while Charleston, in the sai> . same time decreased 1,036. It is probable, that 111 i Cenros of I860 will show a different result. Georgi is emphatically the Railroad State of lite Sooth, ?r : her Ro?ds arc the beat constructed this ?nfe of tl | North ; probably unsurpassed by any in the Unioi They r. n smoothly and rapidly, and seldom or nev( f meet with accidents. The Georgia Road runs froi Augusta 170 utiles to Atlanta, through in one nigh where the Central Road via Mucon. and Griffin joins i It will bo continued on to the Tennessee River, an ha* already reached Da I ton, 28 utiles from Chattano< go, Col. Mitchell, the Engineer says, that tbo uppt end ?ill he finished by the first of Oeloltcr, and tin in a week or two, freight trains, will run to the Gres Tunnel, where there is a cut through 14t>0 feet lonj Atlanta is a newly erected, hut a flourishing villagi it ia a.iid. nhont 2000 inhahitants. and owt a ' its existence and prosperity merely to the junction ? the two Ro:ids It will eventually In-come the pine where the L-gislnturc will hold it* sessions. At ill Inst nitting it wan made a question, hoi wan loot by very nrnnll majority. .Millodgevillc, the prevent Capi ta| in difficult of ncccaa. and Hint declining. Tliin Slate, not satisfied with what hai been doru by way of impror mcnts for tlie people, ha* the rigl; spirit, and determination to do more. Four othr Roads arc in contemplation, and some of then* wi certainly be built. The one from Wurrcnlon near th Georgia Road via V illcdg. villc to Macon, will connec the two Roadn, and this continued on to Pennacola, Fj will greatly licncfit the Southern portion of the St-.ti and South Alabama, but the routes chiefly interestin to Carolinian*, travelling South Went, will run fror Barncnvillo or Griffin on the Macon Road to Columbu Go, or from Atlanta or Griffin to Weal Point, on th Chattahoochee River, to meet tho Alabama Rout which is now completed to Opelik*. Tho present mode of travelling Iroin Griffin to Ope lika is most rough and disagreeable. The distance i 93 miles by stages, which drive through in one nigh and morning ovor tho very worst of roadn, mudiH rocky and hilly?Killing horses, and turning over via ges, to tho -great inconvenience, and, sometime* t tho damage of passcngorn, have lately ceased to excit wonder, or much atlentio.:. The Georgia Road pa sos near Emory College a Oxford, which is now in a flourishing conditio! The Students number about the same an are at Atheni The Trustees gave up reluctantly, their late Prcsidenl Judge Longntrout, who has accepted the Presidency c the Centenary Institute in Louisiana, but are gratifle in securing, as his successor, Dr. Ellison, a gentlcuia of ability and piety. Emory Collcgo not long since, was involved in debt of about $45,000, but Dr. Moans ?no of th Professors and Member of the Faculty of the Mcdica Collcgo nt Augusta, states, that it lias been reduced t about 80.000 ; and tliut the Trustees sec their way t a farther roduclion. THE CASE OF THE HENDERSONS. The abuse of the pardoning power on th< part of the Chief Magistrates of many States lias long been a matter of just complnint; fu in many instances they have rendered the in termediato agency of a Judge and Jury lotallj unnecessary, by pardoning every convicte< criminal without the production of any excul patory matter. Governor Seahrook in his [naugurni Ad dress, very distinctly declared his fixed intenlioi of not interfering with the regular adininistra (ion of justice in this way, and of exercising? sound discretion only, based upon the produc tion of new matter or new facts subsequent U the trial?and has so far adhered to his express ed resolve. A case of a very painful character has re cenlly been submitted to him, which as a mat ter of public interest, we desire to lay belorr the public. Our readers probably are all aware, that twr brothers, Carrol and Thomas Henderson, were tried and convicted nt Pickens, for the murdei of Wilson, and a ere sentenced to be hunj on the first Friday in January. At the urgeni solicitation and entreaty of their aged mother the Governor granted them a respite of om month, as no extenuating circumstances to var} the verdict had been brought to his notice, k induce him to set n*ido the solemn verdict ol the Court, before which they had been tried, They were, therefore, both to have been execu' -J it,, fir.i Friday in February next, but the 1 state of Carrol Henderson i? such, ?s to rendei 'in 'Hi 'i i -gmmmamm it it impossible to cany onf die sentence without g violating humanity. According to the slat** t ment tSf highly respectable physicians, ha is i. -I)''ng in * "?<** critical state prol?l?ly not long j to survive, and influenced by this tart, Governor Srabrook has granted a temporary respite j under the following provisions sJ . r : : \ y" f '' In case of the death of Cartril1 Hl'mfcrwn, ' (he sentence of the law to f?e earr??tf relation to his brother on th* first- FVMay hi February. Should he still continue^ in hJe present state, the execttthm of both to he r deferred until the first Friday in March. Dr. r' Earle of Pickens, and Dr. Crook of fifM* d ville, both skilful physicians, bare bean request* e ed by the Governor to report to-hint weekly* e the cordition of Carrol Henderson; that a bile thr sentence of the Law may notts oanecre. sarily delayed, humanity may not Is*-rhdttfed. i. We make this statement upon g?W>da?itftority? k and are satisfied that the course adopted, most s commend itself to all humane hearts, for it is >t the noblest attribute of human, as of alMia s power, to temper justice wifb iftefcey* ?5r:*MW*ns Individually we are opposed to capital pafts ishrnent as both cruel and-iniuriooa? bat onlii some better substitute is afforded hj onrLegt** ' lautre, the peaceful and law abiding portion *4 0 the community mmt be protected firom. Ae wi. currence of criminal acta by a stern adherence d In the only preventive mentis plaerd in. their d power. Hitman life is a sacred thing, but ar L misplaced humanity in saving ortr often jrnparils is many more worthy ones?and it u the drfa I. monition of Scripture, that *ttc tlmf shctfcfcth g man's blood, by man shall bis hlt*Mt~be *he*Ln <! A Penitentiary would sare' the recurrence ?t a these painful nud revolting judicial sacrifices In *, the safety of the cotnmttnHr. : '-> ;t /, As the law now stands, the Chief Maffix!rat* d is sworn to administer it without -fear, favor at it affection, and no responsiliility rr-fs upun hint, |. sare that of doing his duly. * He is lart the WL ministrntor of the law; but we trust that the n next Legislature will relieve all future Cintei; :li ttors from the exercise of this most;p?jnfc} -I? ? . ... ,, ... id inn J. r. The spirit of the age, expediency, sod Ins* n inanity all demand it?and it cannot bedoae y ton quickly.?Columbia Daily Telrgraph. I. ' I,. Tub Paciieco Slave Cask.?The Nu T# I Tribune give* tin* following statement* of the , farts upon which the Par hero claim is founded: Ie "Parly hi'the pt?tgfp>* of the ''Florida War m upon' the Seminole's.' Mr.j??i" ?tide "hired- of .. Paeheco at 8*2."i per month bi? slave Lewis to guide through the country of the hostile ears* i. 'he expedition which Major D. cotnam^Mk ? Lewis was a negro of remarkable iiisTitiii, a spoke finir languages fluently, and it wn?M u, seem was a secret confederate and spy of the t Indians at the time. When alxmi half way to ( his destination, the expedition wi?* suddenly Mw tackeil by the Indians and almost etlftfely de. ie stroyed, hardly a man escaping." The negro l4 was no morn heard of until near thi- close oT (<l the War, when he catne in amongilhand ' fif Seminole* who surrendered, finding longi-r ^ resNtance impossible. He was now clw'rwted by his old master but, (whether m an uibwn " with the terms of capitulation or <ihi iill j does not appear.) (Jen. Jesop resisted the t' claim, ami decided that Lewis mist go Wn4 ^ wi'h the diseomfitfed savages,?--ind-s* he did* } Whereupon Par hero claims payment-for Un jr by the Government." ' it t || THE GOLD CRISIS. t As the successive accounts from CalifiulMl apfiear to leave no room for skepticism in tvflb lion to the productiveness nl those, golden sands r which arc drawing adventurer* a* well from the island* of the Pacific a?' the coasts of tfcir Atlantic, inquiry i* more sharply set a* to ffce 11 probable results from this inflm of tb?r rrrosore. All who bare a turn for in vestigatUMr'attempt ' to fathom the future. What in lb he the enn* sequence of all this flood of nrtnlfe'at ' the fl?rtunps of the civilixed world, seetns to 1W? tiip universal problem. No one can prelead jj even to furnish a proxinrate solution, arfcihl n?at of the elements of. the question remains ? " umlptermined. The extent of the area whrcb , contains this valuable dpposil murt.legfrjtff ? '' inquiry conjectural until more thorough explo* ' ration has ascertained the extent of these aurie feroiw sands. Ic<t us, hnwerer, for.* .momenr, " npproach the estimate'of the probaWe product* 3 tion within some assignable period of time* c Let us admit that the quantity of gold will l>e ' 1000 millions the first year, founded on the siip? position that as three millions of dollars'worth '* of gold dust has been gathered by 1000 wten^ 9 in the spare of four months, 100,000 periirtni 1 emigrating to California will, in one year ' gather fully one thousand mlllninifAaf dollar* In ten years the quantity produced would be 0 equal, therefore, to about one teptb ?f "tbn 0 whole amount of the precious metal* now % existence, whirh is estimated at ten thousand 1 millions of dollars. Now we hare no concep. ' lion thai there will I* any sncb large accession ' in the stock nl the preci<>u* metal* within the ' next ten years. The laws of trade must I* f inverted to produce any such effect,. The solf (l element of production in this case is not alxra* " dnn<*e and facility ol acquisition, where mm are to lie subsisted whilst I hey obtain wraith 8 by ever no small a sacrifice of personal exer, e tion. The price of living imposes a limit lis '' the value of labour or of its products, if even " labour itself is to be had in unlimited qttanti* 0 ties. If the gatherer of gold is compelled 1?s exchange an ounce of this inetal, whirh ho obtains in twenty-four hours, fbr on* day's snh, sistence, his motive to continued exertion soon ? censes. Whatever may be the proportion he* i, tiveen the price of the necessaries oi life, go, r verned by scarcity and tho artificial value which the abundance of gold will impart to al) y objects of exchange, in a short time m level will J take placo between the results of labour ilk . gathering this metal, and in other department* of physicul exertion. It is impossible if 100,000 persons should find their way to California 1 annually that we can measure the increase of ?nU Itv iko nvlnnt nf I Ka Amirvritmn. ,rTb? "J ?? " ?- I i high price of provisions, and of manufactured . product*, will establish an e<p?Hihruim between > I he quantity of labour bestowed in procuring . treasure and industrial pursuit*generally. Wo do not admit the probaldlity, then, that on* hundred millions worth of gold can be gathered . in California in the first year and mill lesa admit the extravagant supposition that such wiU bo the increase for each succeeding year, > There are no data for even a conjectural esti. > mate. If even one half the computed sum, r say 500 millions of dollars, should be added* I within ten years, to the existing slock of the I precious metals, it might he expected to cxten* , sively derange prices and pecuniary relations, , t The addition of ten per cent per ettaum wnnW J r be morn than double the annual increase In the i period before and afier the discovery of the f American mines. The stock of en I* )n EtK , rope increased in about MHV years after the ? discovery ofthose mines, dnwu to the year MHHK, s from $170,000,000 to $!W<bOOO.O(io. From r 1000 to 1700 it had increased*! 1,485,000,000.