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irii' vi n The following article from the New Yoik Journal of Commerce, is in bold and refreshing contrast with the tone of the Northern presses generally. It is gratifying to notice such an able and influential paper elevated so " tar aoove party trammels ana sectional prejudices. -Co *> ': JOHN C. CALHOUN. The position of this distinguished statesman -illustrates the waywardness of popular applause. A few months ago he commanded the admiration of discreet Northern men of all , parties, for services which should not soon he t forgotten. Now, for differing from them in opinion on a question which deeply concerns .j, the stahility and prosperity of the South, and , but slightly the stability and prosperity ol the North, those who lately regarded him a< the maiustav of honorable peace in the Senate, and whose lips ceased not to praise, renounce their former regard, and sjreak of hitn as a "fanatic,' on a level with those in the Abolition ranks. When, the difficulties connected with Oregon were hastening to a termination, Mr. Calhoun r was out of the Seoul-, and there seemed to be - i II ? ?t- .1 1 J.. none wno couiu averi me inrpai?*n?*u uunp? In common with a largo portion of the press, we warmly urged his election and return to that body. as a step necessary for the common good. His State elected him. and he responded to the call. It was late in December, 1844, when he arrived in Washington; but on the ?v Y*0" <?f his arrival, those friends of his who had uearly yielded to the surge like pres. sure from the Administration ranks in favor of war. when they heard the firm voice of the > unyielding Senator, stood by him to resist, and they did successfully resist until the question wa* peacefully settled. It was not in resistance alone that great service was rendered. The ? British Minister stood firm, as the representative uf a nation which had never been driven, and could not be driven, from ground believed by her to be just. Matters thus stood on the verge of war, each country assuming an ex. ; treme position. We have reason to know (not from Mr. Calhoun, (or he maintains silence on t this subject, but we hope the history of thos** ----- - ?i- * - L .L eveuv?- woic-n hi ine mni* w pnniaiij will finally reach the public eai) that to hi* incessant effi.rti* out of the Senate Chamber, is ,..due much, if not m??st. of the credit of bring Uig matters to a fair understanding between the two nations; and when this had been nearly f accomplished, who does not remember that noble speech of his. which prepared the country to support a settlement on the basis of com promise, (t was circulated in every hamlet of the country, and every body felt that he whose voice had resisted oppression at another period of the country's difficulties,* could sppak in favor of peace without having his motives ques lioned questioned even by the boldest. The compromise was finally made, and the country saved from the horrors of a war on our own ground?a war not with Mexico, which could -never penetrate into our country, but with thp most powerful nation in existence. The country recognised Mr. Calhoun as the one who had averted (bis calamity from it, and laid the foundation of the peace which is now so fiuitfol of benefits to the two nations. Who is theie that dares to prefer the misery into which we might have Wen plunged, to the state which now happily exists, in which a generous rivalry, unknown to any other age, is going on between two great nations, in all the arts of life; and yet, on the first occasion when, standing in a defensive position, he differs from others hi opinion, the anfhor of that peace, and consequently of its blessings, is forgotten, and reproaches cr ver his name. Nothing in history excites us so much to condemn the unthinking populace of - -t r .l ancient times, a? meir persecution ui muse great men whose names are a light even now to the patb of the world; and tho9c hereafter who, look back on this age, placing as they !?o cessarily must the name of Calhoun in the same rank with the master minds ot Greece and Rome, must also place the people of this day on a footing with that unknown mass which attempted to degrade the illustrious men whose names, and services, arxl talents, more than all other causes combined, render the age which produced them, conspicuous throughout the world, and tor all ages. The voice of Mr. Calhoun in the public council* cannot be unheeded with safety. It is a great weakness of our time that we cannot . say "No" on a question of war; but he had the moral courage, in the Senate, in our affair with Mexico, to stand alone on that side of the question The independence he then exhibited, results from a principle which is of the greatest value, when so many consult the momentary public feeling, and press forward in any direction which is popular. There arc before tis yet struggles to be encountered, which will lest the full strength of the Constitution. We shall presently have a severe pressure from tho West; and when such questions arise as have, lately prevailed in this State, in which the securiiy "f property and the integrity of contracts come to be transferred to a wiuer held, men who look deeply into the future, will see that our safety consists in reliance on the Constitution as it came from its framers. The conservative power Of the South will then he invaluable. Lei us, therefore, cling to the Constitution, and to the (Jnion?to the South as well as the West. Let us not attempt to break down the spirit of the. South, or desire their assent to what would be an acknowledgment of inferi oritr. ! The South will never sink down to that condition. * His languag" then was: *'* "I would prefer a single victory over the enemy by sea or land to all the good we shall ever derive from the continuation ol the non-importation act. I know not that a victory would produce an equal pressure on the enemy, but I arn certain of what is of greater consequence, it would be accompanied by more salutary effects on ourselves. The memory of Saratoga, Princeton and Eutaw, is immortal. It is there you will find the country's boast and pride?the inexhaustible source of great and hen ie sentiments. But, what will lust- ry say of restriction 1 What examples worthy of ioVttauoo will u.iuruifeU to posterity.' WhatpuUe, what pleasure will our children find in the events of such times? Let me not be considered romantic. This nation ought to be taught to rely on its I courage, its fortitude, its skill and virtue, for pro- | ( tection. These are the only safeguards in the j hour of danger Mm was endued with these ! great qualities for his defence. There is nothing about him that indicate that he is to conquer by i endurance. He is not encrusted in a shell ; he is j 1 not taught to rely upon his insensibility, his passive : ' anffcrin? for defence. No, sir, it is on the invinci- ' We mind, on a magnanimous nature, he ought to rely. Here is the superiority of our kind; it is the#* that render man the lord of the world, it u the destiny of his condition that nations rise above nations, as they are endued in a greater degree with these brilliant qualities." The New-York Legislature as adopted, by! i a very large vote, resolutions against the exten- j ion ofslavery into California arid New Mexi- I co, and further expressed a wish that the slave i trade In the District of Columbia shall he modi, i fled or abollahed. Every Senator present to. i ted for them. < WORE TROUBLE AHEAD. When Madame Roland, the celebrated daughter of Neckar, was carried to the place of execution, in France, during the revolution of 1798, in passing by the statue of liberty she exclaimed, in a spirit of truth and admonition, 440, liberty! how many crimes are committed in thy name!" So we may truly say of the political abolitionists in Congress, who, with liberty on their tongue and anarchy in their hearts, are striving to pull down and destroy the only free republic on earth, by separating and tearing asunder the links that unite the confederacy of stairs?he great legacy bequeathed to us by the blood and sufferings of our revolutionary ftthers. Liberty is like religion : it should not be made the cloak to fanaticism, or persecution, or political intrigue?neither should the ffeedom of all the slaves on earth be permitted tor one instant to endanger the social rights, the free institutions and enlarged blessings which republican governtn nts confer on all mankind. We know the history of abolition?we know the men connected with it. We have grown up with thpm, and know their motives to be empty and hypocritical as far as humanity is concerned. It is is the old political hatred against the south, only whispered when followoil by the indignation of the people ; but now openly avowed, when political intrigue ha9 given thein the vantage grand. What is slavery in the District of Columbia? A mere name. Its limited number of slaves are no -_;i? l more man flomesiics, wnn every privilege ?uu every comfort. Liberty and humanity have no agency in the present movement. It is deepseated fanaticism and political hatred to the south; and the people, who are not mixed up in the question, but have everything at slake in the perpetuity of the Union, in its domestic prosperity and happiness, should be rallied to the rescue in every state, and a Union party established to save, the Union?a party which snail take precedence of all others. Remonstrance, prayers, entreaties, and solicitations are met with insolent taunts and insulting defiance. What remains to be done? For the south to leave their seats in Congrpss!. That is precisely what the abolition party is most desirous of seeing accomplished. A southern convention, fully represented, must necessarily grow out of this state of things. We think we know the people of the United States; and the moment they can be brought to view the whole subject, divested of the fictitious sympathy which surrounds it, and see the danger which threatens the Union the moment they see the south moving in defence of their constitutional rights?they also will move in their strength, and the tall of the abolitionists in every State will be as prompt and sudden as their rise. Freedom ar.d slavery are mere names to cover deep and designing objects Southern slavery grew out of the cupidity of the north from the very abolitionists who are living at this day on the wealth accumulated by their ancestors from the African slave trade. The mischief is here, and they brought it here. The south is the victim. They invested their money in the northern speculation of slaves, and the cultivation of the soil can only be acI complishe<J by slave labor. Emancipate thern. and the southern States are ruined, as tne west Indian colonies now are. Keeping the south ern Slates in the Union by coinpulson. by fire and sword, and by civil war, is what the disunionists never can do, and what never can be accomplished. Suppose the original declaration of 1hp Hartford Convention is carried into effect?"The Potomac the boundary?the negro States by theinsclres!" what at this day is the wish of the abolition party?what is to become of us here in the north? A southern confeder acy, producing all the agricultural wealth of the country?reaching from the Potomac, the designated boundary, to the Pacific?carrying with it the immense internal trade of the Mississippi an:.1 'he great lakes?establishing treaties and commercial intercourse with foreign powers?manufacturing all that may be required for their own consumption, iv.ith a corn, cotton, tobacco, 6ugar, rice, and indigo country ; their own commercial carriers, with all the precious metals and mineral produc'ions of a vast continent, and probably thirteen or more j sta'es?what is to become of us north of the Potomac, producing nothing, and depending on the south ibr our commercial and trading prosperity ? The movement, however, has been made in Congress. The south has appointed a committee to report on their position and political condition. They have no longer recognised rights under the constitution, and the only alternative let; is either to put down itie abolition party, no matter under what name, or permit the south tranquillo to separate?and that evil hour terminates our existence as a nation. Let the southern members appointed on the committee make a solemn appeal to the people, and if the evil is not remedied, a southern con vention may arose th <Tnion to a sonso of its danger.?New York Times Tub Cotton Gin.?From Professor OIitistead's able Memoir of Eli Whitney which has lately come in our possession, we extract a rornarknble passage. The pecuniary advantage of this invention to the United Stales is by no means fully presented by an exhibition of the value ot the exports ofcotton (amounting to more than ?1,400,000,000 in the last forty-three years,) nor by the immense proportion of the means which it has furnished this country to meet the enormous debts continually incurred for imports from Britain and the European continent?cotton having for many years constituted one-half, threefifth, or seven-tenths of the value of the exports of the Union. But it was the introduction of cotton gin which fir*t gave a high value and permanent market to the public lands oflhe Sout-West The rapid settlement and improve ment of a!rno*t the entire States of Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Florida, and Texas, is mainly due to the enlarged production of cotton, consequent upon the invention ol Whitney.? The States of Georgia and Tennessee have also been largely benefited by the same means, in the disposal of their domain, a vast portion of which most have remained unoccupied and valuless but for the immense increase of facilities for the preparation of cotton for the market. In three States of Alahatna, Mississippi, and Louisiana, the sales of the public lands of the general government amounted to 18,099,505 seres, during the eleven years ending on the 30th of June, 1844?yielding to the National Treasury more than 830,000,000. The sales af upland cotton lands by the United States landoffice, have amounted to many tens of millions at acres; and none liave been sold at a lower j rate than 81 25 an acre?a largo proportion at : i higher rateIt is to he remarked, finally, that the cotton- | gins now in use throughout the whole South, ire truly the orriginal invention of Whitney? dial no improvement or successful variation of :he essential parts has yet been affected. The ictual characteristic ofthe machine (the cylenier and brush,) the sole real instruments by which the seed is removed and the cotton clean, j 7 . ed, remain, in ,cotton gins of even the most recent manufacture precisely as Whitney had left thksi Tho Principle has not Ween altered since the first cotton gin was put in motion by the inventor, through great improvements have been made in the application and direction of the moving forces, in the employment of steam power; in the running gear, and other incidentals. Every one of the various cotton gins in use, under the names of different makes, contains the pssentials of Whitney's patent, without material change or addition.? The brush and the cylinder remain, like Fulton's paddle-wheel, unchanged in form and necesity, however vast the improvements in the machinery that causes the motionr*_7> f. UCJJOIV S uu/nnicibtui. ncw/u-. Patriotism oi? Amkican Women.?In a speech delivered by Gen. Taylor at Feliciana, (La ,) a few weeks ago, thi: following compliment was paid to patriotism and heroism of American women: This war has served to manifest the existence of a deep unconquerable heroism, in all classes of our people. It has not been by any means confined to the sterner sex, for nowhere has it shone brighter than in the conduct and sentiments of the softer sex ol our country, so many of whom have honored us with their presence on this occasion. During my public service. I have become familliar with deeds which place the women of jour country on a level with the Spartan and i Roman mothers, of whose heroism histosy records of so many interesting examples. I have known mothers to send their only sons to the war, telling them to return with honor or not at all. I have known sisters to part with brothers with words full of pride and hope of their return with bright laurels. I have known wives to tear themselves from the arms of devoted husbands, and to forget all their own cares and afTeclions in a general and patriotic pride and devotion to their country's and their husband's honor. Where such feelings prevail among those who are to be the mothers of the Repulic, from whom the ideas and virtues upon which the fu? lure weal of our country will depptulare to flow, there can he no reason to loar that our people will ever bo slow or weak in maintaining the rights of the public, and sustaining the national honor. . We find the following communication in the New Orleans Commercial Times of the 23d i ult., from a "most respectable and enlightened source.'' "In the summer of 1842, when the cholera spread all over Middle Tennessee, its course from Nashville, (was south?the authorities of Columbia, a town lorty-two miles south of Nash, ville, and containing about two thousand i ihabitauts?caused fresifc, lone to be placed at the door of every house, and the citizens were re. quested to spread it freely on their premises, in the gutters, and in all open lots where there was any stagnant water. It soon reached Franklin, nineteen miles south of Nashville, then Pulaski, thirty mi'cs south of Columbia, were it was terrific; thence to Shelboyville, east of Columbia 45 miles, where it was worse than at any other place in Tennessee ; two miles north of Columbia, in the country it was very bad?nearly half the negroes and whites died on some plantations. In l&ct it was all over the surrounding country. Not a case ori ginated in town The system ofliming continued throughout the summer and fall, and it was found that the usual fall fevers were very light, so much so, that the custom of liming has been strictly adhered to annually, ever since,' and, from a sickly town, it is now one of the healthiest in Tennessee." Wonders of Chemistv.?Aquafortis and the air we breathe are made of the same mateterials. Linen and sugar, and the spirits of J wine, are so much alike in their chemical coinj position, that an old shirt can be converted into I its own weight iii and the sugar inlo the I spirit* of wine. Wine is made of two substances, one of which is tho cause of almost all combination of burning, and tho other will burn with more rapidity than anything in nature. The famous Peruvian hark, so much used to strengthen stomachs, and tho puisonous principle of opium, are found to consist of tho same materials,?Scientific American. It is a mistake, the impression that California is a desert producing nothing but gold. A large portion of the soil is fertile and adapted to tho luxuriant growth of corn, olives, figs, peaches, oranges, apples, melons, and other fruits. The country is also rich in other minerals, copper, iron, zinc, quicksilver, silver and even Platina. At present everything but gold is passed by; this however will be of short continuance, very soon other ores will be sought, and agriculture and trade will take rank among California enterprises. Lucky will he the capitalist who steps into Monterey and San Francisco during their abandonment, and buys up the soil?in len years lie can sell building lots at his own price in the metropoli. tan cities of the Pacific. The physician, dentist, jeweller, carpenter, mason, sculptor, undertaker, etc., will find their services, by and by, the key to golden stores in California, and a shipment of girls and old maids would be snapped up in the matrimonial noose in less than no time.?N. Y. Sun. Well Put. ? We recommend to the "pro.tectionists" In general, and to the editor of the Tribnne in particular, the following hit "in the white" from the Louisville Democrat: Another Great Object ok Protection.? It is obvious that a great amount of American industry is to be expended in hunting, digging, and coining gold. We suggest to the Whigs in general, and to the editor of the Journal in particular, whether these laborers in this important branch of industry ought n<<t to be forthwith protected by a tariff on gold. Surely the pauper labor of Russian mines should not be allowed to compete with free labor in California. Wo suggest the idea to our neighbor, who i is mighty on protection in general. He can 1 now immortalize hirnselfhy pursuing the Imppy * thought. Ifhe will do the brilliant as he ought to we shall he silent as to our claim for tho suggestion, and give him the entire credit. Now, ( Prentice, is your chance for immorality. Ifyou | don't fake, it's not our fault. You can't say 1 wo do not give you a hint. Nobody should he allowed now to import gold. It will interfere ( with domestic industry seriously, and should he prohibited. What do we want with anybody else's gold, when we have abundance of our own? Let, then, a heavy duty be imposed upon gold. ; But we have done enough in mnking the 1 suggestion. Our neighbor can run through the application of all tho fustian to this branch of g industry which ho has been accustomed to use ; in regard to others, ] "*tt~ THE CAMDEN JOURNAL Wednesday Morning, January 17, 1849. W. THURLOW CASTON, EDITOR. HT'I'he Editor of the Journal will be absent from the Slate for a few weeks, during which hie duties will be attended to by a friend. The Markets. Th're was a brisk demand for cotton during the past week, with an advance on the previous week aud sales were made as high as 6?. The newe by the America being rather unfavorable, caused a decline, and we quote at 4j} to 6^?a choice article might command ? more, Charleston, Jan. 15, The Cotton market on Saturday last was brought almost ton stand still in consequence of the account* brought out by the steamer America. The sales were limited in some 320 balos, at a decline of about 1 8c. on previous asking prices. The transactions, however, have been too limited to establish a market. The sales made were within the range of 5 3-4 a 7c. U" During the temporary absence of the Editor of this paper, his place is supplied, at his request, by a friend of no editorial experience, and diffident of his ability to cater for the public in that capacity. He deems this explanation due to the absent Editor. The VEolians. This accomplished Troupe, consisting of two Brothers and their Sister, have been here several nights perf< rming successfully to considerable | audiences. Their entertainments are of a most pleasing character and well worthy the patronage of all who can appreciate the power of song, combining correct sentiment and great humour, with much artistic skill. We understand they will give another Concert on Saturday evening next. (D"We are requested to state that a number of our citizens have incited Mr. Wilson, the celebrated Scotch Melodist, who is now in Charleston, to visit our town. Should he accept the invitation, we trust he will be liberally patronized. The Home Journal. We beg leave to recommend to our Readers, this cheap but valuable literary and popular family newspaper, published weekly by Morris & Willis, No. 107, Fulton street, N. Y., at 8? per annum payable in advance. It is peculiarly adapted to the tastes and wants of the ladies in matters ot dress, fashion, etc..?They are now publishing "Belles of our Time," by N. P. Willis. O* Congress, it will be perceived, is still the scene of insulting and bullying attacks upon the institutions of the South; and we have no hope that it will be otherwise, unless the action of the Southern members, on the 15th inst., when their committee will report, be such as to indicate a determined resistance to all infractions of the Constituti/mal Rights of our proscribed portion of the Union ; we shall recur to this subject in our next, when we hope to be enabled in the report of that comm ttee, to present our Readers with a Sovlhern Platform unon which we can rest 6ecurelv defiant. in the enjoyment of Right. The Foreign News. The late news from Europe is of singular interest and importance, and calculated to arrest the attention of the most thoughtless and indifferent. The election of Louis Na oleon by so large a vote, to preside over the destiny of the French Republic ; His nomination of a Cabinet of such character as appears to give satisfaction to the excitable people whose affairs they are to conduct; The perfect peace and quiet, which pervades the country, and the buoyant and hopeful tone which these circumstances seem to have imparted to public sentiment, all in bright contrast to the fearful scenes we anticipated, give us high hopes for the future destiny of unhappy France. May these hopes bo perfoctod in realization ! Still, however, tho other countries of Europe afford but little cheering in their present aspect. Their political horizon is still dark with lowering clouds of doubt and uncortainty; and scarce a ray of hope would pierce the gloom, were wo not persuaded, in our own minds, that Providence has not thus shaken the great nations of the earth for naught; but will bring his own mighty designs to accomplishment, through the medium of these, to us, great afflictions : In this connection, we are reminded of a remarkable interpretation of Scriptural prophecy of the Revelations of St. John, which is the subject of an article in the last number of Blackwood's Magazine. In his Discourse concerning the rise and fall of papacy" published in the year 1701, the Rev. Robert Fleming a Protestant Scotch Minister, fixes the year 1S48, as the period "of the fall, or at least of the tottering and probable decline of the Papal power." Strange that the result of the laboured and abstruse calculations of llio old Scotch Divine, should, after the lapse of a century and a half, tally so well with the truth, or rather should prove identical with it! The successor of SL Peter, by recent accounts is reported to have taken refuge at Gaeta, from the turbulent factions of Rome, intoxicated, as they are, with the partial draughts from the fountain of freedom, administered by his own hand. And from present indications it is by no means improbable, that his earthly domain is forever gone. This event involves considerations of too vast and important a character, for us to do more than give it this passing notice. The Pope, after refusing several times to Bee any deputation from the citizens of Rome at Gaeta. at last consented, but it was then too late. A provisional government bad been formed at Rome, comprising the Senators for Rome and Bologna, and the Gonfslonier of ^ncona. The Pope has been declared deprived of all temporal power. The Minister, Sterbini, has addressed the citizens. He said that the Pope alone, under the title of Bishop, would have the right to enter Home, but that all the Cardinals and Prelates would be strictly prohibited from entering the city. The people, in their enthusiasm, ran about the streets, crying "Death to the Pope," "Death to the Cardinals." Garibaldi has been called to Rome by the ministry. Commercially, the news both by the Europaand lie later accounts by the Washington, are most :heering. Large sales, better prices, and a generil improvement in commercial affairs are indicated. Tho sales of cotton in two days previous to the leparture of the Washington had reached 12000 jales at prices ranging from 3?d. to 5Jd. Since writing the above we have received Tele, graphic accounts of the news by the America, irrived at Boston 011 the morning of the 12th inst, 13 days from Liverpool. * -nnTTnnr | Tjnn , H|H II The President's Message had created quffc a sensation in Great Britain, particularly that portion relating to the Gold Mines of California. r" The bnllion in the Bank ol England had greatly increased, and affairs in the Manufacturing D'wtricts were improving. Louis Napoleon had been formally proclaimed 1 President of the French Republic. His inaugural address, it is said, will go far tr restore public confidence, and re-unite the various factions. Cotton was reported to be dull and drooping. Fair Upland and Mobile quoted at 4Jd. and Fair j Orleans at 4$d. i 1 Louis Napoleon's Cabinet. It is reported will be composed of the following persons : Odillon Barrel, Minister of Justice and President of the Council; Drouliiri De Luys, Minister for Foreign Affairs ; Leon De Malleville Interior; Fould, Instruction; Gen. Rulbieres, War; Tracy, Marine ; Leon Francher, Public Works; M. Passy, Finance; and AJ. Bineau, Commerce. O" We notice with regret the death of the Hon. A. H. Sevier, late Minister to Mexico, and for many years a useful and distinguished Representative and Senator, from Arkansas. We learn from the National Intelligencer, that the President of the United States has issued the usual circular to the Senators of the United States, requesting them to meet in the Senate Chamber on theoth day of March next It is then customary to receive and act upon the nominations which the President may make for members of the Cabinet* &c. Remarkable Phenomenon. The Athens (Geo.) Banner states that a strange phenomenon has been seen in that place. It-is represented to seem " at first sight to be simply a star of reddish appearance, but in a moment blazing up, and then the light dying away. It is constantly moving, sometimes in an upward direction, and sometimes in a circle." It is in the Soulht and moves westward, and may be seen for several I hours from 10 o'clock, P. M. Business of Charleston. The Courier of Thursday says, "there appears to be a general favorable movement in business matters in our city recently. The great staple of the routh, cotton, has taken a start, after a most unexampled depression, and for some days past has been taken hold of with an avidily that au* , gurs well for the continuance of a brisk demand j for the article. Slave property, too, has comman| ded higher prices, a public sale having taken ; place yesterday at rates much beyond what had previously obtained, shewing that agriculturists were participating in the belief that better times were to succeed the quietude that has existed for a year past. iMoney matters ar# easier?every branch of trade is more prrsperous?indeed the whole face of matters wear a favorable appearance with every prospect of perniance. Grand Celebration. The Quarterly Meeting of the Grand Division of the Sons of Temperance, will be celebrated in this place on Ffidny evening, 26th inst. at 7 o'clock, at the Prca. hylerian Church, by Watcree Division No 9. Brothers Jambs Turret, P. G. W. P., William C. Ferrf.l and John G. Bowman are expected to deliver addresses. 'I he public are icspcclfully invited to at tend. A procession will be formed at the Masonic Lodge, at 6 1 2 o'clock, in the following order:? Cold Water Army, Camden Washington Temperance Society. Grand Divi>-ion. Orators. Sons of Temperance Generally. Taylor Division. Sumter Division. Fairfield Division. Waiercc L?m#ion. The Son* of Temperance, member* of Temperance Societies, and Cold Water Armies are particularly in vitcd to join tlio procossion. The prncciwion will bo under the direction of Broth crs K. S. Moffat and F. L. Vilupigie, and will be conducted up Broad and Dekalb Streets to church. N. B.?The central pews will be reserved for the Lidius.llic short pews on the right, for the procession. Temperance Celebration. At the regular meeting of Wateree Division, No. 9, Sons Temperance, the following Re?olu. tion was adopted. Resolved, That this Division invito the other Divisions in this State to attend the public ineeting during the Session of the Grand Division in this placo on the 20th iust. The Interest of tiir Cotton Cultub?.? In a late n umber of the Southern Recorder, we published the views of the Hancock County Agricultural Club, in relation to seouring to the cotton interest, a proper remuneration lor their , labar, and their product. It will be remember, ed that the recommendation was for county as- , sociations of planters, pledging themselves to plant a limited cotton crop, and turn their indus j try in regard to the portion of labor subtracted , to other crops, corn, wheat grain generally, the , raising of full supplies of meat of the various , kinds, &c. & The importance of these re- < commendations, cannot be over estimated.?. , Cotton must only be raised in suitable quantity, | that is to preclude the possibility of a constantly j overstocked market, or the raisers of the article , must he content to tnkc just what they can get , from buyers in a market with more of (he arti. , clo than can be used. We are happy to he informed, lha! the projeat | ? monv of t ha lilFffnsI mrcei* iiiu mvwi ui m itnoi v> , cotton planters in our State. In our own couu. , ty we have heard it spoken of hy the planters \ in terms of entire approbation, and we believe | some measures are in progress to carry out here, , as in Hancock, the object of the recommenda tion. It is apparent that to be effective for ( good, the action of the counties must be general ( throughout the cotton planting country, and the sooner the counties act on the subject, the sooner we will know whether tho cotton planters of the South are determided to advance their own ( permanent interests, or to abandon thomselves ( to the manufaclurscs of this and foreign lands, t We call upon the active and intelligent cotton J planters of the various counties of Georgia, to } do their pari in this important business in their [ respective counties, and to do so at once, other. ] wise it will be too late for any effective action r of the whole cotton growing country, for this 8 crop at least. The sooner the step is taken, 5 the sooner will the cotton grower and the cot. ton country revive in all their interests, and lay { the foundation for their permanent prosperity, o?st..? t uuiuncr / iitbw ucri ?? . t The Washington Union states that a letter i has just been received by the War Department from Major Gen. Taylor, resigning his commis- n sion in the Army of the United States, to take tl effect on the 31st January. v mj.iMilH I 11 I 111!nm* Fuchjtof the Pope:?The account given by the Naples correspondent of the Chronicle is as fellow,: "The Pope had been, for some days previous to his departure, strictly u'Atcbed.^JH< deSptm presented himself at the palace of the Qitfrinnlf and expressed a great desire to f*je bis holmqpf lor the purpose of asking bulls and dtsgftpsftltiSff with respect to a pretended marriage.bet ween a princess of Bavaria and the CountifciTrapani. He was introduced into the cabinet, bat the door remained open, and several persona sent to guard bis holiness,"cootrimed to mareh backwards nnd forwards in the tmfe-rooowThe interview bet ween tM.de Spjapr ffrtttjiH pope was a long one. ..'After some time M. de Harcourt appeared in his turn, dtuv to Ire introduced, and begun, in the mephlime, to talk to the person in the atiicWaorti. had the effect of dratvin their 'attention rrfTiVfidf was going on in the cabinet ofhfs holiness, and drew them gradually into a corbe# frunt WWch they could not see what was goinjjf on In Hie cabinet. A tier some mWutes Conversation, some one went to the door ind Ibnfced *h;^The Pope had disappeared by a dohrat lbe further end, and had gone away with nothing on but a simple soutane, passing, lor tbe cbop* Iain of M. de Spaur. In passing tbo NcnpoB* tan frontier a difficulty arose. The command, ant ol the place, having examined the passport ofM. de Spaur. insisted on seeing the passport of the chaplain. M. de Spaur mi^a .tmefking in a low tone to the officer, and it vas.when those present saw him fall on bis/knees, that the other persons lrecame aware that jt w*? the pope who was among them." j -'il Francis Joseph, the new Emperor, of manr. nccording to the Ixrndon.ChrntHcle'.V'tits had all ihe advantage* of a very good rdtfcation, and ha* carefully studiVd several'of ff?e utfitn* ce*. Hi* talent for language* W anr^-gttMt, and his tt*te highly cultivated;' He hi' fttf fond of military science, and-is acquatnWd VrJlli its most mi mite detail*. He has been prosHUed al several engagements which have taken place in Italy during lite late campaign* ?7 0?ngt pains have been taken to make him:earij>#.CI quaint ed with various modes of life. [' A vwy favorable impression has l?een produced,by bis styling himself Franris Joseph; the. qaine Joseph is ineipressably dear to the Austrian*; and by thi* stroke, whether mlenttonalTy br bid, he ha* gained much popularity: ^rwo.yeaifc ago the young monarrh was for'some ffmefh England, whenee'he^refnrncd fiill. oferithtwiastfl fi?r the British Parl'ametif. 1 ?,<J *T ' . !>:..# it.I - Correspondenre of the Charleston Evening Wfcnfcf/'" WAsitnuTo*.. Jan. In the Senate to-day Mr. Houston ntbtrattari a resolution for the appointment .of aseWl Committee to take into consideraiion.lbM ptlh priety of adopting measures for the construction of a railroad from the Mississippi river to. San Francisco, on the Pacific. It waa?4nid table by a vote of ihcsSeqate. M r. Borland presented a memorial of sfmijaf character to tbc foregoing, which was also laid on the table. Mr. Hale presented n memorraf asking tor the abolition of slavery and the slave trethS wherever the jurisdiction oflhe Genehrf OoV-ernment -extends, and moved a refitreoifc Jo a Select Committee, with instruction# UM^port a bill in conformity with the wishes of the Wlfmorial, and on motion of Mr. King, ihe ulMlbk to receive was laid on tbe table?mm 25, (ineluding Atherton, of N. H.? "DickmSoni of N. V., Fitzgerald, of Michigan, and Pa., noes 16. ."*f * Mr. Corwin presented "a memorial rojwaia strating against the extension' oh Slavery iinf% any Territories now free. The reception ef the memorial was objected to, anid i ha motion to receive was laid on the table. " The bill authorizing the admission -into th$ United Stales of certain agricultnral product linns of Canada free of ddty, provided sbriTtaf articles of the United States wife/admiiVedTnV to Canada free ofdnty, was taken ppr arid dfai cussed at much length by Messrs; 'THfci,' ImUjH and Westcott, in favor of, and Pearice arid H6tt{ ler in opposition. With ?nt taking the question; the bill was informally passed over, and1 the Senate proceeded to the consideration of eiecm tive business in secret-session. "" : nrr-r IIOU3B OF tt KFBKSENTAJTVKS. -T 9t! The journal of Saturday being reed* Mfa Farelly, of Pennsylvania, said be had rnted in the negative on the passage of the biU';mf the relief of Antonio Pacbeco, on Saturday last, hut his vote was not recorded. Upon correcting the journal, the vote on the pau^ge of the * hill was declared to lie?ayis 89, noes 90- . So the hill was rejected. * at ?? Mr. Sawyer moved a reconsideration ol th# vote, hut the motion goes over to Fnday, whicii is private hill day. Mr. Nicol moved a suspension of thie fades; in order to fake up the hill to establish a Bmtsfclr Mint in the city of New York, toimlre'fSJhw sperial order for the 18th January!^ TWt vote was?ayes 1*24, noes 70 Ocd' two-tbiW^ and the motion was lost. Mr. Meade moved a suspension of the rule*, in order to ennh|e him to offer a, re*olutiot>'jln. structing the Committee ou the Judiciary to re;> port a hill providing for the apprehension and Jetention of fugitives from labor. escaping frM* ine State to another. The vote was?ayes78 * . 'all Southern, with the exception of GiddiiuK Ureeley, C. J. IngersoTI, Kellogg, LeVin,ff.] Mann, Palfrey, Root, and Thompson, ofrndUttf* i,) nays 90, (all Northern, with the exfceptUH1 if Boyden, of North Carolina ) The niotlonT ivas lost. ' tk- i.:ii :j: r ik?_ tm .1-1 at.. Aim vim |?nniuiiig km vim n|i|niiiiiiivcnt <vi Board oi CoimnUionere Tor the adjudication and' icttloment of claim* against the United States^ am taken up, and a variety of amend men tr wore offered to it, when, on motion by Mr.v Petit, it was referred to the committee oo the Judiciary?ayes 03, noes 62. . > . The House then, nt 2 o'clook amounted, to, mable the Democratic members tocefebfifta , he 8tb day of January. ... . 0<l H i" L . L^/d>"v Washington, Jan.-10?" ) In the Senate to day, a long and interesting iebate occurred on a motion by Mr.tjndcrwootf o re.considor the votes of yestfehlay, bywhicb he motion toreceire the memorial presented Iiy Messrs. Hale and Corwin \Vere laid ph the 'id* )le. The discussion was participated In by' Messrs. Under wood, Metcalf, Hale, Dnu^faiia; Dayton, Davis ai.d Berrien. &frv Dickinson noved to postponn farther consideration oftM1 uhject indofinateiy, and it was carried?ayah 17, noes 29. : v *<', '.a- >< The Senate then proceeded to the eonsidera-> ion of Executive msiness in secret session. House of Rkfskxtativbs. : >r , The motion to re consider the vote by which* ifr, Golt's resolution relative to the sieve trade n the District of Columbia, was taken up. A cell of (Ho House was ordered, when 16$ nembtra answered In their nntqes,; when fur. her proceedings under the call Were dtsnebsod with, "? ' ,71?V /D /{^k c