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VOLUME 9 CAMDEN, SOUTH CAROLINA, NOVEMBER 8, 1848. - NUMBER 46 PtrnLtSHKO EVERY WEDNESDAY SIORNING BY THOMAS W. PEGUES. TERMS. Three Dollars per annum in advance, Three Dollars ant Fifty Cents within six months, or Four Dollars at the ex piration of the year. Advertisements inserted at 75 rents per square, (fourteei hiea or leas,) for the Am and half that suit for each suhsc qnent iascrtion. The number of insertions to l>e noted 01 all advertisements, or they yrill be published until orderet to he discontinned, and charged accordingly. One Dollar per square for & single insertion. Quarter!; and Monthly advertisement* will be charged the same a Ingle insertion, and Semi-monthly the same a? new ones For publishing Citations as the law directs three dollar will be charged. ATI Obituary Notice* exceeding *ix line*, and Communi catioa* recommending Candidate* for public offices of pro fit or trust?or puffing Exhibition* will be charged as adver ( entente Altf lettar* by ntail moat be post paid to insure a ptincltta attenion. TO CLUBS. In order to place the Journal within the reach ol all. we offer the following reduced rates to Clubs .of new subscribers?payment to be made at the timenf subscribing. Pot 4 copies for one year, $10 09 Ford copies for one year, 14 00 Ford copies for one year, 18 00 For 10 copies for one year, 21 00 For 12 copies for one year, 24 00 Any one ot our present subscribers will be considered as one of either of the above clubs, by obtaining a sufficient number of new subscribers to make up with himself, the 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12. From lite American Farmer. PRIZE ESSAY ON THE RENOVATION OF WORN-OUT LANDS. BY EDWARD STABLER. Of Sandy Spring, Montgomery County, ? ? I F Mtirytano. concluded. Guano.?This is one of ihc most active of nil manures: and it' the price would justify ihe application in sufficient quantities, it might aid very materially in "renovating worn-out land.' But considering the evanescent nature of its most active principle, ammonia, and the present high market price, viz: the Peruvian, at 860 to 870. and the ? more inferior kinds at 845 to 855, for the ion of 2000 pounds, it is much doubted wlicther the ultimate advantage, calculated on by many, will be realized. If the Peruvian could be obtained at about half this price, and it is believed guc'i would be the ease with a fair competition in ihc Peruvian mirket. the case might be different. The writer has made liberal use of Guano; ami generally to profit, as to the immediate return; but in no case has much benefit l?eon derived beyond the first crop; and ran Iv was any material effect perceived after Ihe second year. Tuia opinion, so different from that entertained by some olliers, is not lightly formed nor without several years' ? areful observation; and also testing the matter by numc rous experiments; and on a scale sufficient ly extended, to prove the tiuth or fallacy, oj ' the doctrine held bv sonic, (hat it is only a stimulant. Reference to one experiment may suffice, as they all tend to the same result. and nearly to the same degree. In ft field of some ten acres one acre w as selected near the middle, and cxlcndins through the field, so as to embrace any difference of soil, should there be any. On this acre 200 pounds of Peruvian Guano, at at ft cost of about 95.00, were sown with the wheat. Adjoining the Guano on one side, was manure fcory the barn yard, at the rate of 2&carl loads io4^jp|^*<IlllT filrthe opposite side (separated an open dram "" " lite whole distaurc) groum*4?<?ncs were ap. pliek on the balance of the field,'at a cost of 9<M)0 to the acre: the field equally limed twifejgyars preceding. There was no materia 111 ferenje in the time, or maimer of seeding; cxccjit that the manure was lightly cross ploughed in and the Guano and Hones harrowed**!! with the wheat. " The yield on the guanoed acre was thirty five bushefsfthc adjoining acre with hone, as near as could lie estimated by dozens, and comparedjwith the Guario, ;^as about 07 huahph- and the manured, al<out 24 bush ^ cl*. The season was unusually dry; arid the manured poriinn suffered wore from this 9 cause than either of the others, the iand be ins considerably more elevated, and a south exposure. The fieM has since been mowed three limes; the Jirtt crop of grass was evidently in favor of the boned pari; the second, and third, were fully two to one over the Guano, and also yielding much heavier crops of rlo verseed. On a part of one land, 18 bushels to the acre of the finest of ihc bone were used; on this, the wheat was as heavy as on I he guanoed, and the grass generally lodges before harvest, as it also docs on much of the adjoining land with 12 bushels of bones The action and durability of Gnano, probibly. vary on dffcrent soils; and although it may generally be used to advantage in aid of a single crop, I have as vet no satisfacto ry evwence mai us icninzmg prizemen arc very durable: unless applied in such quantities, as may in the end "cost more than it comes to. ^ Guano should not be used with caustic lime or ashes; nor very soon succeeding their application. It may with decided advantage be mixed with plaster, to fix and retain the ammonia; and for nearly, if not all crops, it is best to sow it broadcast, and plough in "" immediately. Leached ashrs,?There are few, or none, who arc ignorant of the value of this article manure. But as the suddIv is rarelv, il ever equal to ihe demand, much need not be said on the subject, At 8 to 10 cents per bushel, if the cost of transportation is not too heavy, they may always be profitably nscd, in durability they are next to lime, and the action immediate. Few comparatively except within the vicinity of cities or villages; or those with water or railroad facilities can procure, or aff>rd to use them. Poudrttle.?Much profit has not rosulte< m the use of this (the merchantable) article so far as I have observed its effect? on rm own, or the crops of others. Such as 1 have purchashed, has as yet produced bu slightly beneficial results on the crops t< which it was applied. Its fertilizing proper ertv was diffused through such a masso JMUMJIMWn inert matter, that I concluded with4half, if not one-third of the expense, more benefit might be derived from the purchase of some ^ other kind of manure. In the neighborhood of cities, where a supply can be obtained without so much adtil! teratiori, its use mav be made very profilai b!e. Turning in Green Crops?This plan of r "renovating worn-out lands," has long been advocated by many. 1 have given it a iair ? trial; and with the exception of Clover as the green crop, little advantage has resulted from its adoption: very poor land, without some extraneous aid, will not produce a k green crop worth the turning in. It is questionable, whether the same amount of time and labor (supposing the occupant without i the means to purchase manure of any kind) i could not be better employed on such land, 1 in adding to his stock of manure, by composts, prepared from decaying vegetable matter, alluvial soil,&c. abounding more or lesson all farms. If the land possess fertility to produce sufficient clover for pasture the use of plaster either without, or certainly with good management, makes it yield a luxuriant crop. But it should be borne in mind, that to improve in this way, little mowing, and less pasturing must be permitted. The land is not only benefitted bv what is turned in, but is also materially aided in the process of renovation, by what is left out, and on the surface; to shield and protect the soil from a parching sun. prevent throwing out the clover roots by the winter frost, and washing away of the soil, by heavy dashing rains. This brings to mind another matter though perhaps not strictly "in the bargain,'' but which is of much m<>re importance ilian many seem to be aware of; and as yet only incidentally alluded to. It is the preterm - (ion of ilie Inrxi after it is renovated, from washing away of I he soil, and into gullies, and "gaded places," as they are called: this is best done by regular water furrows made with the bar-share plough, and throwing the earth on the lower side. 1 will attempt a brief description of mv plan of operations; but without a diagram, smne may possibly be at a loss. The points to commence at arc determined hv the eve; a cheap spirit level, coding but a trifle, will soon give the termination with precision, and the proper inclination. The o| erator takes a station some SO or 100 yards distant from the designated pinnt; the assistant, having the staff, with a moveable target, arid also a bundle of stakes, some 2 to 3 f'-et long, place one in the ground, and by its side raises the staff and moves the target tip or down, to range with a sight from the level: the target is then raised 0 inches and confined by a screw; the assistant walks seventeen Mops and raises his staff; the operator by merely turning hilevel, and not otherwise varying its position, soon determines the paint f >r the second stake, by the assistant moving the staff, backwaids or forwai ds, (keeping his distance from the first stake) until llio target again ranges with the level; then set another stake and raising the targ t six inches at each station, throughout the field. One position for the level, if selected with judgement, will serve fir 8 or 10 sights; they sh mid be taken in advance, and on or near the xuppos. cd line of the Iutow. With a little practice the levelling is done very expeditiously, and by any person of ordinary capacity. When ready for the plough, the leveller walks before it, (the ploughman guided by his steps) flicks up the stakes as they are reached,-and if necessary by much inequality in the land, var;cs the lime a little between the stakes, still more to preserve the level. This gives a uniform escape for all surplus water with i regular fall of about one font in a hundred. My experience has proved, that if the furrows are not ton far apart, (one for each fali of 5 to C feet will generally suffice) they effectually prevent washing; and the gradual descent o| the water does not forrrtgullics. They arc made directly after seed Yr wheat?are as carefully attended to as th^fsGeding ilself-and remain open until the nutd is again broken tip. They arc valuable oitall lands liable to wash, nod have materia^ aided in mv efforts in "renovating wnrn-oJBand." All the unsightly "gullies and gaflerrtotares" have disappeared. Rotation (fitpropx.?This is also n subject of import.inncr^d it is also one on which much adversitOtfopinion exists. Nothing short of the concurrent testimony of a neighborhood, will esinbli.^i one plan a9 the best: yet in another, a different one has equally strong advocates: for in some sections oft: e country "the three field shift" is preferred; in another, five; and a third" will adopt the six or seven field rotation. Different "localities,"and other circumstances, may perhaps by good grounds for this vancty of opinionBut as a general rule, it is believed that where the latter mode is adopted, or neai ly so, other circumstances being equal, the farming is better done, is mote profitable, and the lands more permanently, if not more rapidly improved: close pasturing, and "renovating worn out lands,' may do in theory, but are not very likely to succeed in practice. The seven field rotation, certainly admits of a better opportunity to benefit by the aided I be artificial grasses; and whenever they can be succc-sf ulinvokcd, the good work is more ' than half accomplished. Ituforc tnkin;* leave of mv readers, I ho : majority of whom perhaps are engaged in agricultural pursuits, I would again briefly recur to the important subject of Manures. I one of scarcely less moment to the tiller of , the soil, than is the Mariner's Compass to the tempest-tossed sailor?for mainly to , their agency; in some form or other, must we he indebted for success, in the renovation I of wom-out lands. My pr< fercnce. as may . have been seen, is given to Lime over all * others, when an expenditure of the slender I iesoiirc.cs of the farm is devoted to this obt jeel; an?l although it is not a penacea, to cure > all the ills incident to the calling, nor will it, - like the fable Satyr, "blow hot. and cold with f the 6amc breath," yet on all soils to which I have seen it applied.?from tlie stifTest clays, to the blowing sands.-does it appear to be a renovator in a greater or less degree: the one it will lighten and mellow, while the other is rendered more compact: and more rctcntive of moisture. I would therefore strongly advise ihe use of Lime, as decidedly the most efficient and durable agent, for improving most kinds of soil. If its action may be considered comparatively slow, it is sure. in its fertilizing effectSj and will generally in the end prove also to be the most economi I col, whenever it can be obtained at a reason able price. The three kinds of "bought manures" most extensively in u?e in this State for iinprovingour worn out lands (Plaster of course excepted) might be classed somewhat like the following: Lime for the landlord. Guano for the tenant, and ground Pones for both. All may be used to profit under favorable circumstances; but they arc believed to differ materially in their relative values, in proportion to the amount of money usually expended, if the improvement of the land is a primary object with the husbandman. Experience, however, in this, as well as in most other things, is the best teacher; provided wedo not pay too dear for it. And without intending in the least degree to check the energy and spirit of ag'icultural improve ment, now so widely extending, I would venture a caution to those who have hut little money to expend for the purchase of high priced manures, to do it rather for such as are known to be durable, and which will eventually be the most certain to return both principal and interest. I feel confident that all I have expended for lime, has been returned in the increased product of the soil; and with necra six times six, than (5 per cent interest. If the market value of the ! land lias not been enhanced in equal proportion (most probably the case) it certainly has not deteriorated any in quali'y. As remarcd at the beginning of my essay no exclusive method of improvement, is alike soiled to all locations and circumstances; but I trn-t a plan is submitted that will very generally succeeded if persevered in; it will not only make the grain, but the grass grow, and will at the same lime effectually "Renovate \vornout Lands." Edward Stabler. Hareicood, 8fh Mo. 28, 1818. Strong Appeal.?The Southern Record, or, published somewhere in Alabama, asks, the delinquents to come up and pay their | bills in the following Demosthenian and j most pathetic language; "We will receive j in payment, wood, corn, fodder, shucks, j corn-cobs, horses, donkeys, calves, sheep, j goats, coons1 'possums-, hogs, geese, turkeys, j chickens, eggs-, butler, green hides, cotton, cotton seed. ntjrsrcfs gold, silver, bank bills O O 't flmikon banks or coiintf-alcits not excepted) j or anv oilier kinks of country pr> luce. We | have often called for cash, but the scarcity 1 of this article compels us to 'look out lor j number one,' and pet what we can; so, friends, come prepared to fork us over some tiling." Thrilling Incident at tiie Menagerie ?Noble Gallantv of the Lion.?On Thursday of last week, during tlie heavy storm of wind and rain, while the extensive collection of wild beasts in the menagerie of Messrs. Raymond <5c Warings were in the village of Norwalk, a feature was introduced j in the exhibition not previously announced j in the lulls. About four in the afternoon a violent gust of wind blew down the canvass 'which f>rn:s the large pavilhon, completely enveloping the spectators and cages of animals in one common mass of confusion. The accident happened at the time when , Miss Adcliua, the Lion Queen as she is styled i was performing in the den of wild beasts, ) and as the fright of the animals rendered, them seemingly uncontrolabie, great fears were entertained lor the safety of that interesting young ladv. At this moment a scene of indescribable terror and confusion spread itself. The roaring of the terrified beasts, the women and children, and the ' pollings of the pitiless storm" without rcn .eredthe scene truly appaluig. The panic however, was , hut momentary, as the prompt and energetic measures taken by the managers soon cleared the wreck, no person having received the slightest injury. But the most intensely interesting incident remains to be toltl. The uproar among we lions, tigers and leopards in the performing cages gave raise that llioy were devouring Miss, Adelina. In I lie next instant the canvass was stripped from the cages, when a tableaux presented itself such as would defy cither poet, painter or sculptor to portray with accuracy. In the centre of the den, a young and beautiful lion, (the same recently presented to Gen. Gas- by the Emperor of Morocco) in a rampart position, formed the strong feature of the picture, beneath one of his hind feet lay stretched the dead body of a leopard, ami struggling within the invincible grasp of bis fore paws were the tiger and surviving leopard. In the opposite end of the cage transfixed as a statute of marble, with dauntless CYC arm HlilJCMIC uiuiuiii;, uiv; Dili mi, aa six; commands the \vi!tl beasts to crouch .at her feet, stood the Lion Queen Miss Adelina. The young ladv states that the two leopards and the tiger made a simultaneous spring for her at tlie moment the canvass was blown down, and were repulsed by the noble gallantry of the lion who bounded between them and proteeed her in the manner described. The presence of the keeper, Mr. Pierce, soon reduced the savage group to subjection, and the Lion Queen was happily relieved from a farther i nriictpatiou in this extra performance?N. Y. True Sun. A Strange Story.?The last Glasgow (Mo.) News lolls a strange talc oi one ol the early settlers of Saline county. He was a Frenchman, who about twenty years ago became dissatisfied with the prospects before him, and left his wife and daughter, to seek other means of mending his fortune. For several years the wife and daughter awaited his return, till even affection compelled then'to think him dead. They struggled along in poverty until the daughter grew to womanhood and married, as did also the mother; both of them remaining in straitened circumstancs. Last week, however, an old grey headed man went to the humble dwelling of the daughter, and after surveying her with deep emotion for a few moments s?id: "Do yon know lite name of your i father?" to which she replied bv giving it.? I "Thei. "said he. am vour father!" Af ter Ihc>r mutual greetings lie brought in two bags of gold, containing 840,000, and gave them t?r his daughter, and offered her husband the !?est farm he could find in the neighborhood. lie knew his daughter by a scar on her forehead, from a wound received when a child. It is not stated what arrangements were made with his wife. Specimens of Massachusetts ajcd C'ny necticlt Tin Pfdlars.?"One day," said I the I3av Slate Pedlar, "as 1 was driving aj long, a fellow with a load of tin came out ol a by-mad, and followed right along in my tracks. Mister," said I, "which way are you going?" "Going ahead!?don't you sec?" said he. "Yes, says 1; "1 reckon we had better take different roads, else oniv one of us will sell alv tin; what say you?" "Yes. we will. You may go ahead and sell all you can, and then I'll sell as much again as you." "Why. will you seil so much cheaper?" "No?I'll get more for every article." "Well, I don't see how you can do it." "Try it, and I'll show you. I'll stop here while you drive to that house yonder, and sell all you can. Start on your team, a lit 1 tie, and then come back for your whip or i something you have dropped, and you can : see how I sell." I "Well," said I, so I drove up to the house I *?n?l umnl in on/I cnnl'P Id tliP old tmotlcman I linn .-j....... - rr I who was reading llie newspaper. "How [ do do?" savs I. hut lie didn't mind anything about mo." "Want to bnv any tin pans, pails, or cups, or anv thine?" ? O "No." "I'll sell cheap, and take almost anything* in pay." "Don't want none." "Dm just look at my lot; it is the completes! you ever saw." "Don't want to." "Well, I reallv wish I could sell you something. You really think you can't buy?" "No, don't want anything." So 1 went out and started my horse.? "Whoa,"savs I; "now I'll see what that Connecticut fellow can do." So I walks back to the house. "1 did'nt leave my whip here, did 1?" "Ilaint seen it," said the old man, keep ing iuj reading advertisements. I lien tnc | (Jonrfcrticul I'ellow came in? "How far is it in a tavern?" Haifa mile," said the old man. "I'm as dry as a codfish. I'll lake some of your water," walking up to a table, and taking up a pewter mug. "Oil," sai l lie, "it is cider; making believe be was going to set it down, "Drink it," said the rdd man; and lie di !. "That's royal good eider; you make that fur your own use; can't buy such as that; if 1 had a barrel of that in Huston, I'd get live dollars Ibr it. How did you make it?" "Made it out of apples." "Did you? Well, they must have extraordinary good ones, every one of them fit to make mince pics of. Cot a large orchard haint vou, Squire?" "No." "First rate what there is on it, then; gol a snug house here, too; havu't seen many i.? - i ri... o,f?ii oe line mid I'vn seen a 11*hjsi'M i an ??uii *??J good many in my clay. Real snug house." looking round as iflniuting a stray "fly; "how many rooms iij) s airs?" "Four and all finished off." said the old woman, who was ironing. On that he turned right round and made all his talk to her. "Four, and all finished off, and furnished! You are thriving like all nature! 0<>t smart girls enough to (ill them up?" "No, only one." "Well, one good nno is enough?better than three or four ordinary ones-how old is she?" "Eighteen." <*Eiffhtcen?"fihe,II be married before long, I reckon. Not many girls like yours live to be old maids." "I don't think she'll he an old maid." j "She looks like you don't she now? I've heard of her; she's handsome as a picture; ! what a handsome setting out you'll give her!". "Yes, I've got five pair of linien sheets, and four coverlids, that 1 made her this summer. I mean if she ever does get married, that she shall have as good a retting out as avy body." "So I would, and you are able to do it. \*nw I think of it. I've ?ot a few first rate things that I mean to carry home to somehotly, von can goess who, (winking.) I've heen offered more than thev are worth, hut would not sell them-hut I've a mind to let you have them for that girl of yours. I don't know though as I can let'rn go. Betsey will expect them. Bui come you and look at them." So the old woman put on her specs, and went nut with him to the wagon. Ho dug 1 " ....I I.out unm,> ri.niQ and | to tlx* DOIMMII illlll IKlllP.ti I ' pails just like those on lop. "Here Ihny are, I keep them slowed nj wnv out of sight; the genuine Lafayette tin coinedro in France. The more you use them ilie brighter they grow; they never need scouring." "What is the price of those common ones?" said she pointing to some just like those lie had in his hand. "Five shillings, and these are ten?I he Lafayette tin cost nine and sixpence; but for that pretty girl's sake that look so much like you, they say, I'll let you have a few (orsev enteen shillings/' So he went on talking till he sold her mori than five d >llars worth of ware not nigh a good .as mine, and at a great deal higher pri ces. When he started on, says hey "How rtiiicl did you sell?" "None." "Ah, you'didn't come from Connecticut.* "No 1 didn't," says I; and then in a Intf voice, "and I don't want to if they all lie a; \*nn ft,, " Azote Food Necessary for Fowls.? A letter was read before the British Association from M. Sare, of Ncufchatel, Switzerland, giving an account of some experiments in the feeding of domestic fowls. He statefirst, that fowls to which a portion of chalk is given with their food, lay eggs, the shells of which are remarkable for their whiteness. By substituting for chalk a calcareous earth, rich in oxide of iron, the shells become of an orange-red color. Secondly he informs us that some hens fed upon barley would not lay well and that they tore off each other's feathers. He then mixed with the bar ley some feathers chopped up, whicb^lhey ate eagerly and digested fieely. By adding milk to the food they began to lay, and ceased plucking out each other's leathers. He concludes that this proceeding rose from the desire of the liens for azote food. Not only are azote food (nitrogen) and lime necessary elements in the food of fowls to make them lay well, but sulphur is equally indispensable. The yolk of an egg contains no inconsiderable portion of this well known substance; and where fowls are fed mostly on grain, water containing sulphur should be given them in the poultry yards. ? ~ _ Insects yield both azote and suipnur, or me elements of an egg. Singular Thing.?A camp meeting was held in the vicinity of New Lebanon, Indiana. on the 1st instant. During the meet-" ing 130 members were added to the church, and 90 professed religion. On Tuesday evening a phenomena occurred which created great excitement. During an intermission of services, a young lady 22 years of age, who was deaf and dumb from infancy, was sitting in a tent where some persons were singing, when she was observed to be somewhat excited. In about two minutes after this was observed, she sprang fruin her seat shouting "glory!" She has spoken several times since. Newspapers in College.?Professor Francis Liebcr of the South Carolina College, delivers regular newspaper lectures, and in his political ethics, imposes the duty of reading carefully the newspapers of tht day, and teaches the m"st profitable melh od of doing so. The learned Profcssm might deliver without public detriment, ar occasional lecture upon tire subject of pay in j for newspapers.? Richmond Rrpnlican. A Hit.?'Charles.' said a father to hi; son. while thev were working in a saw-mill what possesses you to associate with such girls as you do? When 1 was of your agr I could go with the first cut.' 'But, sairl Charley, 'the first rut is always a slab?die you know thatV 'Help me turn this, Chariot ?quick!' United States Instructing Russia.? It is staled that the Government of the U. Stales has offered to take on board the American frigate, St. Lawrence, in quality of midshipmen, four pupils of the Royal Marine School at Stettin, and to make them good officers This offer lias bo? n accepted with gratitude by the Prussian Government From Hunt's Merchant's Magazine. .MOR XLS IN TRADE. No greater mistake is conceivable titan the common one of excluding the principles of the high-toned morality from the calculations of ho. sines*. There are thousand ready to ask, with a?toni?hment, 4,\Vln>t possible connexion can there be between a man's moral principles and i 1... rr.nltnrvT1' character and nis sneers* m humm Nor is litis all. Not a few are in thf> habit of imagining that a very strict and conciontiou? adherence to moral principle is not only no help, lint a very serious hindrance to prosperity in trade; and that a man, to get ahead of the world must at times stretch his conscience a little, overreach his neighbor occasionally, or take advantage ofhis ignorance or inattention. Now, without wishing to assume thn position of lecturer on morals to mercantile readers, we must he permitted to donht not only, hut deny, utterly, the expediency, in a business view merely, nf disregarding any of the dictates of sound morals in the conduct of business affairs. We not only deny the necessity of any resort to overreaching, any violation of the strictest ride of integrity, or any violence to our own con science in matters of business, but we are pre oared to maintain that every kind and degree, ol I dishonest denting with otir fellow men is a positivn and serious, and often fatal impediment tc nltirnale s-iccpss. We helieve ih.1t a large pro. portion of the failures of individuals and a<soei. Htions are owing to had moral principles or a deficient ride of integrity. The late (lideon Lee, of New York, a memoir of whose life will lie found in the eighth volume of the Merchants Magazine, himsell'one of our most upright and and at the same time most successful business men ; was accustomed to predict the ultimate failure of those whose strict uprightness he had seen reason to douht. On one occasion an imiiviilii.il dealing with him boasted that he had overreached him in a particular transaction.? It came to the ears of Mr. Lee, who simply re. marked that he regretted it for the individual's sake; for, with such principles, he could not fail ultimately to overreach himself and get into straits. The event proved the sagacity of the prediction. In a few years the individual in question, from being a man of handsome proper, ty, became a penniless dependant upon charity, 1 * * - - nfhorfl fur Jis. and applied <o i?r. ijv*-, uiuuug .... ? sistnnce. It is seldom, indeed, thnt the revulsions ir trade which disturb the general prosperity ar< attributable to physical, Providential influence It is not the eaithqnake, the pestilence, the turn | ino, Arme laiiure ot natural causes 10 xua thej|,resuk.e, that iw chargeable, in moist 2 wlftftBe declino of a people's prospgrftflffifarf ? s sure operation of moral disorderjpfcwf. so?( h with individuals. Most of men (aifhf business, dot through overwhelming physical j .'misfortune, sucli as Joss of health and r?*fQ0f or the destruction by fire or flood of tbairpttM* perity, but generally through disregard oftb* i simplest principles of morals. In most eases# we su?ppct, it would appeaf, the truth known* ' that the ruined man has brought his affairs inter 'J a hopeless condition by his grasping spirit isr volving him in a ruinous extension a*?a specu* Infions; or by his overreaching disposition/ which, becorrfing notoriom has driven jjflUljcfr' customers; or by his meanness, tthicJy^KtW' gusted (hem; or by some other had wppoietif i in his moral mixrure. i The samMprincipIe operates in ibe c*se of corporation; lor, notwithstanding the adage that 1 t "corporations have no souls, there is a publid sentiment at all times surrounding them, wbidt holds them to a rigid moral responsilulily, aiwf : dooms rhern if they disregard it. We seethtf jfc fragments of broken institutions; hanks, for eT* ^"Sjjjr amK.e; floating down to iufatrrj, simply because they had not the wisdom to fulfill honestly pnrp'Ses of their existence; and ^re see other# * rapidly tending to the same inglorious destiny, not because there is not profitable business enough tor them, but because they are not held 1 e 1 -t-i:? t?y a strong sense or morai ? ?? path of their duty, and because, like grasping individuals, (hey are not content with legiff mate and reasonable gains. Morally corrupt I in their internal administration; they not owl/ t ensure their own ultimate decline, hut inrotrer . in it the community they were hound toserte? for there is a prodigious force in the corrupting | influence of a bankrupt bank Upon mercantile | morals. A bank that sets at ft'ottght its solemn . promises to pay its obligations, opens the flood* gates through which individual honor and responsibility arp swept ftWity. To be as good as the bank is the climax of mercantile credit* and few men Care to l>e regarded as better.-*** The bank fs the standard; and When that falls* those who are regulated by it fall also, and a common and promiscuous corruption reigns. It is bad enough when physical calamity i overwhelms a community, such as New Yorlt sufli- <j from the great fires in 1835 and 1849, whe* many millions of property were in a flf# \ov.rs tediteed Washes, and the monuments of indudry and enterprise which a century of toil i had reared, tottered and fell in vast blackened rnins. But from such calamities we can reefer.i er. Uuder such afflictions we gather strength* resolution, and buoyancy, and, like tha fehfed I nhmitir cnrmrririflr from her ashes, wa- rise in i (,?e, , , brighter forms. The memorials ofdestroetfftrt are effected, the ware..' use of commerce are restored, and the tabors of enterprise returner} ? . with fourfold energy. Such calamities do not unmake, but make Us. But when the lofty toft* of mercantile honor, integrity, and stern moral* ' is lowered,' when the craft' and conning, (fan shrewd overreaching, nsurp the spirit and }>tift* ! ciplps of the highminded merchants, ftdren trad* becomes a trick, and mercantile enterprise ft game, in which the parties only aim to circom* vent each other and sWeep the gains into iheir | own coffers* then ate We rjincd indeed, Without hoped and beyond remedy# ? We make these remarks noeftose' the heart ? encounter of competition in this day of intern* , activity in all mercantile pursuits, tends Con* i stantly and powerfully lo blunt the moral sense# . to deteriorate the better feelings of our nature# | and to superinduce a narrow, selfish, grasping# I immoral sentimenis, than which no greater etil , can he fa I us, But snace foils as, andtWe'Amit leave the subject to tn? reader's own thoughts. THE SPANISH GOVERNMENT AND MR. SAUNDERS. A Madrid letter in the New York Herald, gives the following account of the" insult offered to our Minister, of which we bad a brief - * ' * 1V# notice through the London ptfpjeff. It is wild 1 to hove occurred on (be Jfffth of September : Thp Minister's lady and two daughters werir leaving the door of the embassy, in their cstr* riiige, to make a visit. Suddenly, to their ?Wprise and affright, (hey saw a body of gens if armes approach the carriage, seize the horse** and snrrotiud them/ .4 police orticer, nmfcrf whose command this troop Was, presented hintself at the door of the carriage, and dernafidrtd whether a servant named Fernando Was (here, i This tery Fernando was in the art of dosing the door of the carriage at the moment*.nail 1 conscious :hat the demand wns not likely tn be for nny agreeable purpose, made a single bound by which he succeeded in projecting his Nr under the pnrteCOckrrC of the embassy;,* sec. ond threw him on the stairs-barter which he | vanished/ The ladies descended from the carriage. A crowd collected around niirf all was soon confusion and (right/ While this was going on (he Minister him self came dottn and demanded the cause of the row. The police officer informed him that he had a war rut against his servant, whom he ( amo to arrrsl, and whom he was determined - lo lake away with him. The Minister replied thai he was not accustomed to receive messages from government through (he policp, and asked what offence hi* servant had committed, Thia produced an explanation to the effect that, some time before, his servant had been drawn for p the rtrffiy, hut hnd prnenred a substitute. This substitute had, it appeared, been shot ( in Catalonia, and Fernando was now called on bv the authorities to replace him. To thi? this Minister replied by peremp'orily refusing to surrender his servant, whereupon the police of ficer declared that he should be under the di?. I agreeable necessity of ordering the gens d' hi'iivs to enter the emnn*?y ny force, ana extract Fernanda from it. The Minister had hi* t American blood healed by this observation, and replied by declaring that ho would resist such i a 11 outrage, and defied the police. In fact ha told them that they would proceed at their peril. I After this warning, the police officer thought better of it, and withdrew. The Minister immediately rptiretl to bit i cabinet, and wrote a note to M. PidaI,demand| iug instant apology and reparation for the nuti rage committed against him, refusing peremp. tori I v to surrender his servant, and threatening, in case of non-compliance, that he would strike his flag, retire from Spain, and spnd the Atner, ican squadron in the Mediterranean, to Barce* , luna, to ask an explanation. r , i Castor Oil hcans are found to make excel' lent candles, equal in every respect,to the be* sperm, and they can he made at a cost oftweo* ty five cents a pound. ?: , ..W,