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r THE CAMDEN JOURNAL. VOLUME 9 CAMDEN. SOUTH CAROLINA, OCTOBER 25, 1848. NUMBER 43. PUBMSmi) RVEitV WBDXRSDAV MORNING BY T II 0 M A S W. P EGUE ?. TERMS. Thwi '.) il!ar< perannum i:i ailvanee, Throe Dollars and Fifty Cents within six mouths, or Four Dollars at the ex piration of the year. Advertisements inserted at 75 rents per square, (fourteen ines or less.) for the first and half that sum for each suhse- I quant insertion. The number of insertions to be noted on ! all advertisements, or they will be published until ordered J to be discontinued, and charged accordingly. One Dollar per square for a single insertion. Quarterly I and Monthly advertisements will be charged the same as ! single insertion, and Seini-tnouthlrthe same as new ones i For publishing Citations as the law directs three dollars will he charged. Vtl Obituary Notices exceeding six lines, and Communications recommending Candidates for public offices of profit or trust?or puffing Exhibitions will be charged as advertisements. Altl letters by mail must be post paid to insure a punctual atteuion. m/-v nr IT nc? ,i yj i>o. . In order to place the Journal within t he reach of all. we ofTer the following reduced rates to Cluhs of new subscribers?payment to be made at the iimeoj subscribing. Far 4 copies for one year, S10 09 For 6 copies for one year, 14 00 For 3 copies for one year, 18 CO For 10 copies for one year, 21 00 For 12 copies for one year, 24 00 Any one ot our present subscribers will be con- ( sideredas one of either of the above clubs, by obtaining a sufficient number of new subscribers to make up with himself, the 4, 6. 3, 10, or 12. From the American Fanner. ( PRIZE ESSAY ON THE RENOVATION OF WORN-OUT LANDS. BY EDWARD STABLER, Of Sandy Spring, Montgomery County. Maryland. In submitting the following Essay upon j, the''Renovation of Worn out Lands," it is i i deemed nroner to state, that the writer un- j """" I I derstands the main object in view ?>!' i!ie , Editor of the American Farmer, to bo. the , eliciting of such information as is host ada{)- | ted to the wants of the great majority of farmers; those who are dependent on the | product, of the soil for a support, and whose ; resources are comparatively limited: for al- < though it may he equally desirable to those , with more ample means, to improve their , lands at the least expense of tune and money, , yet the number of such is comparatively | small; and it is not pciccivcd why the same | plan may not suit both: the one who "lives , by the sweat of his brow" improves his ten | acres, while ho with the "plethoric purse," | may in the same lime, enrich his hundred | acres. With the view, therefore, to adapt it | to the more numerous class of readers, the , effort will be made to condense the essay as much as possible; and so plain, ami free from , technicalities, that "he that runs may read." , ft is almost impossible to establish a the- | orv, or mode of farming, that can be made j to suit alike, all localities of soil, climate, and iho facilities of obtaining the various kinds , of manure, now in use in different sections < of the country. But it is believed that with proper energy and industry on the part of j farmers, and even with the present facilities of transportation, an increase of double, if j not quadruple the lime, marl, and bones | wight be used to advantage; the two former, | in many sections of our country arc inexhaustible f?r generations to come: and much j greater amount of the latter might bo obtained in sections where they are not used, but , grcatlv needed, if more attention was paid tlmip /vdiprtinn and nreservation. < The first step 1 would advise towards the 'Renovation of Worn-out Lands." is a coin pletc and thorough draining, both surface and under drains, wlierg* the location and nature of the soil renders it two retentive of moisture late in the spring. Ii retards early seeding?the winter grains and grass roots | are very liable to be thrown out and injured bv frosts; and on such land, the injury from drought is much more severely felt. The writer has not known a case where this operation was performed with ordinary skili and judgement, that did not fully repay the expense; and in some cases the product was increased froin'fivc to ten fold. Togo into a full description ol the methods used in different sections, to accomplish this most important branch of the husbandman's duty, would require diagrams, awl also loo much space; nor is it considered necessary; for in the "American Farmer," rwhif-K i?vr-rv li!Ier of the soil OUirht- to pOS scss) very full and ample information may be obtained on the subject. A few general observations here, may suffice. If the soil is rendered too wet by springs, whose tourers are lower than the surrounding land the drains must be extended to at least the same level, be the distance, and depth what they may; or to a sufficient depth below the surface, to admit of under-draining clear of the plough. This may sometimes be effected, by going through the clay sub-soil, and without much expense of ditching; as the water can then pass off'through the under slatuin of gravel or sand. Wherever the under drains will answer the purpose, they should be adopted; for the land thus reclaimed is often the most profitable for cultivation; and where the (expense of brick or tile, is too great, or suitable stone j j cannot be bail to construct trunk drains, a good substitute is generally within reach, by 12 to 15 inches in depth of small loose stones covering first with leaves, straw, or small brush, to prevent filling the interstices with the returned earth. Logs (>r pules, laid lengthwise, also form good under drains; but are more liable to clog from decay. The next important step in my opinion, in "Renovating Worn-out Lands," is to plough ' ' - f?..? ? |||? ^icep, ?nu IIIUS expust: < III.W Milium iu action of frost, and atmospheric influence, in order to make a soil in place of the one provided by nature; but |wliicli either fro n cupidity, or bad management, perhaps both, man has destroyed. It tsconsidered one of the most certain means to attain this desirable end: and although sub-soil ploughing is fully approved of, it is considered less important than to break up the earth from 7 to 10 inches; if the subsequent treatment is properly attended to. The writer is well aware, that there is a strong feeling of prejudice in the minds of paany individuals against this practice. What are the arguments of the advocates of shal- 1 low ploughing? They say in so many ' 3 words, "our soil is only a few inches deep, and if we do not plough shallow, we shall turn up so much clay or dead earth, as to raise no crop at all." If two or three inches of soil is buried in the spring, under a bed of 5 or 0 inches of clay, and thus left without furthur aiil or preparation for a crop season, the result would generally be as stated. That shallow ploughing, enables the farmer to get clear much more readily of the little soil or mould, he may have on his worn-out lands, is susceptible of easy demonstration; nor is it less so, that cither in a very met or very dry season, the crop front this cause, generally suffers. During the summer months, the greater portion of the rains full hastily; and whenf't.nI t!ir> nrmind i>j nut nnnnod and nervious .? ? , to a sufficient depth to imbibe the whole, before the surplus water can penetrate, and be absorbed by the compact sub-soil a large portion of the surface becomes fluid, and rapidly passes off. or '-washes away,'* unless the land is perfectly level. What remains, after being so throughly saturated, has a tendency to settle into a compact mass; soon parting with its scanty supply of moisture, under a hot summer's sun, and rendering it impervious to the roots of plants. If a drought succeeds, a soil in such state, can afford but a meagre supply of moisture to nourish a crop; and at a period too, when the greatest amount is needed. Nearly all plants imbibe more or less moisture from the garth by their roots; and if this support is withheld, they canot continue in a healthy aiid vigorous state: indeed so necessary s iliis element, that many of our grass seed:}, and plaiiis. will u >t only vegetate, but grow rigorously for a considerable period, with no titer support to their roots, than what can je derived from pure water. I am confident that in most of our lands hat have become sterile, the cause is to be ltlributcd more to shallow plowing and washing away of the little soil they possess2<t than to the extraction of the vegetable nutriment, by the growth ofplants; in fact it is almost a necessary consequence of this jcrmciotis practice. If the toiling farmer or planter is able t > purchase a dressing of mineral manure, or fortunate enough to scrape together a scanty supply of vegetable matter from the resources of the farm, a large portion of it is carried off by the first dashing rain, to enrich still more, the beds of zrctls and rivers. Having stated some of the disadvantages which attend shallow ploughing , wc will now briefly enumerate sonic of the advantages of deep ploughing, when judiciously pursued. In the successful cultivation of all our crops, is necessary that ample food bo provided, and in an accessible form; and that moisture, equally necessary, be administered, in neither loo great nor too small quantities. This will probably be admitted by all and it is presumed the admission will also be made that the grea est amount of nourishment dc- j rived by all our field ctops is from the earth. I>y deep ploughing, it rarely occurs that a fall of rain is so great or sudden, as completely to salande the bodv of caith acted in by the plough; and until such is the case, but little danger is to be appi\ bended of of "washing away;"' and just as little, that plants will so soon require a renewal of moisture, caused by evaporation. The soil much loniT.ic I'otfiitK itC InnstO !T? id friable texture. ! and enables the mots readily to extend in all i directions, in search of their appropriate j nourishment; fir the same reason, deep tilth admits of closer proximity of the plants, | without sustaining equal injury from drought, and turning yellow; or firing, in common parlance. I would ask the advocates of shallow ploughing, or the xkniniug system, as it has heen aptly termed, if they have not observed the beneficial ell eels- of earths taken out of cellars, wells, pits, &e., when applied to very poor land? And have they not observed a Insurant growth of grass and weeds on ditch hanks and mill races; even to the highest points, when level enough to retain the ( moisture that falls? I have often noticed such ( fleets; an I have almost uniformly observed, that if ear'h thus taken from below the surface, was capable of being pulverized by frost or tillage, increased fertility was the result. Such being the case, is there any valid reason for supposing, that still nearer the surface, so much difference can exist, that while one wi I render the same land etcr ile, the other will positively enrich it? Il l advantage will result from mixing with the soil, the cailh taken from many feet below the surface?and that such is the cause 1 have had repeated evidence, and using it for this express object ? I cannot perceive why a portion of the same fertilizing property may not be found in the earth, only a few inches or a foot below the surface. And last, though not least in the catalogue of advantages, the all important item of manure, is rendered more available; and consequently, the land is both immediately and permanent- i ly benefited. 1 Jut deep ploughing alone, much as it is j advocated, will not speedily in <kc poor land rich. It also requires some judgment when and to what extent it should he carried.? Lands that arc to he ploughed much deeper than usual,should he broken up in the lull, no crop should ho seeded the ensuing season, that does not admit of frequent ploughin" or harrowing; and if fkacticaum-: give / i it a dressing before plautiug(unless previously prepared for the operation, by liming a year ?>r two in advance) of lime, or some other kind of manure. Tiie.se two branches, viz: Draining and Ploughing, are considered important m the system of renovation, and more might he added; hut perhaps suOicicnt space lias been devoted to them, with the further remark, that no land with a clay subsoil, should he nioughed either deep or shallow, when in a slate too wot to crumble or break freely before the plough. The injury is irreparable, at least for that season, as nothing short of a winter's frost will cficctually pulverize it. We will now proced to the third itnpor lant stop in the process of "renovating wornont lands." The proper kind, and application of, manures: viz. stable manure, and J vegetable matter produced bv the farm; lime marl, bones, ashes, guano, plaster, and turning in green crops. It may be considered almost an axiom in farming operations, that no one should go in debt for any kind of manures, unless in favored situation where the price is very low, and the transpotation cheap, (except perhaps for lime) without first havinj? fully availed himself of all his own resources; and his manure heap loo, should be his first care. No farmer nccn never be at loss for profitable employment for himself and hands, in adding to his stock of this all important requisite to successful operations; and in preventing tilt; loss and waste of what is already accumulated. When not necessarily otherwise engaged, the time is well employed in many situations by hauling the rich earth, and de composed vegetable matter, wlueli lias ac. cumulated in the marshes, leaves, weeds, etc., and incorporating them with the contents of his bam yard; independent of their own fertilizing properties, they are valuable as absorbents, to receive and retain the more volatile ingredients that otherwise might be lost in the process of fermentation and decomposition; a few bushels of plastcs may be used with much advantage for the same objecf. It was the maxim of a wise man, who began the world with nothing, and became independent?and that too without the charge of dishonesty or extortion ever having been alleged against him?thafn penny saved, is two pence gained." It is emphatically true, with regard to saving, and judicious application of manure. As an evidence of what care and attention in regard to making and saving mnnuie will accomplish, it is within lite knowledge ; of the writer, that two loads of manure (with j two yoke of oxen) have been hauled out this j season, fnrjevcrv aero of arable land on the j farm: and wilh a small exception produced on the farm itself; without extraneous aid. As germin to our present purpose and object, I will here remark, that many farmers whose lands most require ' renovating,'" keep too many horses, in ninc:ccn cases out of twenty, and for nearly all farm purposes, one or two good yoke of Oxen are decidedly preferable. They cost no more at first, and j will perform twice the labor; save in expense of harness, and still more in keeping; and alter working 5 or 0 vcarsunder good manD ?? agement. are usually worth more than the first cost, for the shambles. jMitrl.?I can say but little from cxperi- | once, in the use of calcareous manures but ; am fully satisfied both by information derived : from others, and from personal observation, j i.lw,r/i,.nr ll Iwilllwlo if mKtlll lm lllfldc I 111(11 V* IICIV.. ?VI u (4 i / < / ii i \ lea ? - a mine or wealth lo (lie proprietor aiid the i adjacent districts which admit of water transportation. The only apparent reason why thev are not more so, is, either ignorance of its great j fertilizing properties, or a lack of the necessary enterprise and industry to become kicii [ when every facility for the purpose, is as it j were laid at their very doors. The quantity i of marl required to the acre, to produce j much beneficial result, does not admit of ex- ; tended laud transportation; but there are thousands, if not tens of thousands of acres, bordering on, and near tide water, both in this, and neighboring Stales, now thrown out as waste lauds, because they will no longer yield even a stinted growth of vegetation: ! most, if not all of which, might readily he I reclaimed by the judicious use of marl; and J at one-fourth the cost per acre, that lands in the interior,?originally no better, if so good are made to yield 10 to 12 barrels of corn, or 30 to 40 bushels of wheat lo the acre.? I I have been informed by some of the large ! Ian led proprietors?not owning, nor residing ! within less than 8 or 10 miles ol the marl 1 hedsjthal a boat load of a thousand to twelve ; handled bushels of marl, rich in carbonate i of lime, could be delivered at many of their landings, at an expense not excelling 8 to 810. Vet not una bushel was ever used! Hut it was justly remarked, by oncol these very intelligent and hospitable gentlemen, 1 "it's no use to preach to a deaf congregation,"' | and a further remark or two will only be . added; not altogether without the hope that ' snmrt/iinx will eventually "stir them up," and induce a trial at least, of this valuable manure. It matters less, how, when, or what quantity of marl or lime is applied; only mvkktht: a pp.m catio.x, and that pretty liberally. Its application, Iic lime, is best made one, two or thre years, and on the surface, before hreakmg up land; and thus give it the benefit of the winter's frosts and snows to diso've and incorporate it with the j soil. [To be ran tinned ] THIS PRATER. A Prater is a common nuisance, and as great a grievance to those that come near him as a pcwtcrcr is to his lici^hhors. His discourse is like the braying of a mortar, the more impertinent, the more voluble and loud, as a pestle makes more noise when it is rung on the sides of a mortar, than when it stamps downright and hits upon the business. A dog that opens up m a wrong scent will do it ofioner tnaii one that never opens but upon a right. He is as long-winded as a ventiduct, that fills as fast as it empties or a tradewind that blows one way for hall a year together, and another as long as if it drew m its breath for six months, and blew it out again Ibr six more. He has no mercy on any man's cars or patience that he can get within his sphere of activity, but tortures him, as tliey correct boys in Scotland, by stretching their legs without remorse, lie is like an car wig, when he gets within a man's car, he i> not easily to be got out again, lie is a syren to himself, and has no way to escape shipwreck but by having his month slopped instead of Ins cars. He plays witn his tongue as a cat does with her tail, and is transported with the delight he gives himself 1 of his own making.?Samuel liuflrr. Singular Effects of Attraction.?In the E<Jinburg Journal of Sciences we find a very interesting paper, by Dr. Hancock, on the motions that result from merely mixing a-few drops of alcohol with a small vial of I laurel oil. To exhibit this singular phenomenon, which seems to bear some analogy with the motions of the planetary orbs, the drops of alcohol should be introduced at different intervals of time. A revolving or circular motion instantly commences in the oil, carrying the alcoholic globules through a series of mutual attractions and repulsions, which seem to move with perfect freedom through that fluid, turff in a small esccntric curve at each extremity of their course, pass ing each other rapidly without touching.? Jn the course of Ins experiments, Dr. Hancock observed paiticlcs of the fluid to scperate in large globular portions; these com rncnced a siinnlnr revolution, and the smaller ones quitted their course and revloved about the larger, while the latter still pursued their gyiations after the manner of primary planets and their secondaries. Manufactures at tiic South.?The natural capabilities of the South for the Cotton manufacture have never he denied. Our streams are never locked up bv frosts, our command of water power and the raw j material is undoubted, while they are surer sources of success than legislative bounties and protective tariffs; but we hear the cry constantly that South labor is not equal to the tasks and trials of manufacturing industry. That this imaginary objection is fast disappearing, under the influence of experiment, must be obvious to common obser. vation. Our population requires some train ing and practice, as all transitions from employments which are rural to those which arc in door and sedentary, demand that fa. miliarity which time and opportunity can alone confer. The following remarks, as highly apposite on this subject, arc copied from the Augusta Chronicic: Eceiling News. ' With the common prudence and perseverance, the regions of country where cotton and human food arc cheapest, will be the most successful in fabricating all the heavier goods made of this great Southern staple. Its manufacture in this Slate, we are assured bv men familiar with the cost of growing cotton and making it into cloth, is more profitable than its culture at ordinary prices. We have watched the operations of the factory recently started in this city with lively interest. Appreciating the difficulties of a branch of business, at which so many new and raw hands would have to learn the trade, we feared that a supply of good white operatives cou d not be had to work in the mill. Much, too, has been said about the unwillingness of poor families to engage in this kind of employment. Experience, however, has happily falsified these sinister predictions. There arc more appli cants for work than the company can cmploy; and the success of Georgia girls in J learning to spin, weave, See., is most creditable to their tact, intelligence and industry. There is one who earns regularly ."55 per week. She is the daughter of a widow woman, who with liio light labor of a little son some ton years old, added to that ofhersclf, is in the receipt of some $31 a month ' from this cotton factory. It must be borne I in mind that neither of the three members of tiiis small family is compelled to work a day longer in this establishment than is agrccnblc. Wo ask, is it of no advantage to thiscoinmuni v that its most needy families?and no one is above the possibility of want?be furnished with the means and sitnation to earn, without discredit, or severe toil, each S-100 a year? That it is a great blessing to such families no one will deny. A \i;w .Modi; of Raising the Wind.? Since the late insurrection in Paris, a vast number of musicians, gipsies jugglers, and others, who frequented the Boulevards and levied contributions on the passers by, have disappeared from that locality. One woman however, is coining money, and deserves it for her shrewedness. At the fashionable i hour for promenading on the Italian Boole- j vards, she takes her statio i there with a large j cage, containing fifty imprisoned swallows, i all huddled up together. She calls the at-; tcntion of the loungers, especially the ladies ! to her cage, and repeats continually in loud tones, "Set at liberty these poor little birds!" The word "liberty" acts like a charm, and many a heart is touched, and accepts the invitation. For two cents a head the work of deliverance is accomplished; and eharita-1 hie souls have the satisfaction at that price,' of restoring the winged prisoners to air and I space. By degrees the cage is emptied; and when there nro no longer any in prison, the jailor returns to her home, and there a- j - * - nv. 7; uaill liiid-s IllO WilOie Jllglil. J m: .iu uikjioa arc Inline,/, a:jil only use their freedom to return quietly If) I he lodgings^of their mistress, who renews the speculation several times a day.?Courier ties Etuis Unis. An extraordinary discovery has hecn made in the process of silvering glass. A ; Mr. Drayton has an entirely new method, i l>v which uneven surface of glass are silver- j ed as well as the smoothest. lie is applying I it to tables, piano cases, girandoles. See., which lie does not now succcd in getting up in silvered glass. c? James Bergen, the American citizen who was recently imprisoned at Belfast, Ireland, lor being found among the patriots who went from this city to take part in the revolutionary movements in that distressed country, writes to his friends in this city that he will shortly be on li s way honic-tbc American Consul having interfered in his behalf. i\. i. rose. It is s.sid that there arc people in the "Mountain district" of Kentucky, so green that they followed a wagon, which happen j ed to pass that way. twenty miles, "just to j see whether the hind wheels would overtake 1 the fore ones," Runaway Slaves in Ohio.?The owners of slaves who have fled to Ohio, will now stand a chance to recover them. The Supreme Court of Ohio has rc-affirmed| (lie decision of the Supreme Court of the United Slates, by which it was declared that, "the owner of a slave, by himself or agent, may pursue, arrest and return with him to the State from which lie fled, without aid of the State authority; and that all legislation which interferes or embarrasses such an arrest is unconstitutional and void, all legislation on the subject being exclusively vested in Congress." The Largest Building in America.? A new freight depot is now in process of crection at East Albany, N. Y., for the Albany and Boston Railroad Company, 750 feet in length by 133 feet in width. It is suppose 1,300,000 bricks will be required in its construction, and the cost will be $100,000. Il is to be completed in November, and will be the largest building in America. General Taylor?says a contemporary? never chewed tobacco?never drank any rum?never smoked a cijar?never owed a man a cent?never was sued?never sued any'man himself?never was dunned?never dunned anybody?never lost a battle?and never surrendered. Dates from Kingston, Jam., 'to the] 20th nit., state that Santa Anna was at that place, and it was thought that he was preparing to return to Mexico. THE CROWDED STREET. nv WM. C. BRYANT. Let mc move slowly through the street Filled with an ever shifting train, Amid the sound of steps that beat The murmuring walks like autumn rain. IIow fust the flitting figures come? The mild, the fierce, the stony face? Some bright with thoughtless smiles, and some Where the secret tear have left their trace. They pass to toil, to strife, to rest: To halls in which the feast is spread, To chanibcis where tho funeral guest In silence sits beside the dead. And some to happy homes repair, Wliero children, pressing cheek to check, With mute caresses shall declare The tenderness they cannot speak. And some, who walk in calmness here, Shall shudder au they reach the door? Where one who made their dwerling dear, Its flower, its light, is seen no more. Youth, with pale cheeks and slender frame, And dreams of greatness in thine eye! Gocst thou to build an early name, Or early in the task to die? Keen son of trade, with anxious brow! Who is now fluttering in thy snare? Thy golden forlums, tower they now? Or melt the glittering spires in air? Who of this crowd, to night, shall Head The dance till daylight gleams again? Who sorrow o'er the untimely dead? Who writhe in throes of mortal pain? Some, famine-struck, shall think how long The cold, dark hours, how slow the light! And some, who flaunt amcng the throng, Shall hide in dens of shame to night. Each, where his task of pleasures call, The)' pass, and heed each other not; Tliero is, who heeds, who holds them all In large love and boundless thought. These struggling tides of life, that seem In w ly ward, aimless courso to tend, Arc eddies of tho mighty stream That rolls to its appointed end. Persons who are in the 'reprehensible habit of carrying deadly weapons arc not unfrequently the victims of it. \ case of this kind occurred at Pittsburg a few days since, which is thus noted in the Journal: "A young man named James Dawson, a member of the Du Quesne fire company, came to his death on Saturday night under cxtraordinary circumstance*. I!e had been on parade during the day, and in the evening, near the Theatre, was cutting some capers on the pavemeets, and while attempting to lift an emty barrel from the ground, it is supposed, to cast into the street, he was heard to utter a painful exclamation, and was observed, almost instantly, to sink to the earth. On examination it was found that he had in the sleeve of his fireman's shirt a common Howie knife, open and protruding several inches from the shirt, below the elbow. He had put it in his sleeve as the only convenient place about his uniform, which he still wore and in his efforts it had worked up on the inside ofliis arm until the blade projected through the garment at the elbow. Thus, on lifting the cmty barrel with a violent jerk, the weapon entered his body somewhere near the groin, sever ing nn artery in its course, and producing al. most immediate death." I! VDitoi'iionr.v.?Dr. T. X. Ilaller, of York P?Misy|vania, publishes an account of a cure performed in decided cn^c of hydrophobia, the patient being a lad twelve years of age. The boy was bitten in April last; the unquestionable symtoms did not appear until the 2nd of October. The treatment and result aro thus described: Drs. Mcllvain and Fisher were called in consultation. and the patient was ordered two grains of acetate of load and two grains Dover.s powder every four hours-to drink freely of diluted [ acetic acid, and have bis spine freely rubbed | with equal parts of (iranvill's lotion and olive oil. Under this treatment (alt ho* but littlo was hoped) he commenced in ten hours to show s_, .nturns of amendment, and has been gradually improving to this time. He has now taken 80 grains of each article, without producing any j other sensible client upon his system than tran1 quilizing the ?pasms and producing sound sleep. ! lie is at present very much debilitated but craves i ..ml ?v:iii?r; rests well, and is anxious to be at play with his associates. Should any change occur in his case, I shall scud you the result. Tiik First Conouksr of Purr, vdkt.i'iii.v? A Hkavtikul Ukmixisc kmt.?The following beautiful reminiscence of the. first Congress, is from the pen of the venerable John Adatns: When the Congress met, .Mr. Cashing made a motion that it should bo opened with prayer. It was opposed by Mr. Jay, jof N. York, and Mr. Ruilcdge, of South Carolina, because we were so divided in religious sentiments, some Episcopalians, some Quakers,some Anabaptist^ 6ome Presbyterians, and some Congregational* istwhat we could not join in the same act of worefiip. Mr. Sarn'l. Adams arose and 6aid, "that he was no bigot, and could hear a prayer from any gentleman of piety and virtue, who was at the same lime a friend to .his country* He was a stranger in Philadelphia, but had heard that Mr. Duche,(I)ushay, they pronounce it,) deserved that character, and, therefore, he moved that Mr. Duche, an Episcopal clergy* mon rnirrht hp rlpcirp/1 tn rpfl/1 nrnvpr* fn f!on gress, to morrow morning." The motion wai seconded, and passed in the affirmative. Mr. Randolph, our President, waiting on Mr. D. and received for answer that if bis health would permit, lie certainly would. Accordingly next morning, he appeared with his clerk, and his pontificals, and read several prayers in the es< taldished form, and then read the psalter for the seventh day of September, which was the 35th psalm. You must remember^iis was the next morning after we had beard mlhe terrible cannonade of Boston. It seemed as if heaven had ordained'thaf psalm to be read on that morning. After Mr. Duche, unexpectedly to everybody, I struck out into extemporary prayer, which filled the bosom of every one present. I must 1 confess I never heard a better prayer, or one so well pronounced. Episcopalian as be is, Dr. Cooper himself never prayed with such fervor, such ardor, such correctness and pathos, and in language so elegant and sublime for America, for Congress, for the province of the Massaahusetts Bay, especially for the town of Boston.? It had excellent effect upon every body here; I must bee you to read the paaltn. If there is any faith in the sortes Virgilianse, or Homericx, or especially the sortes Biblicae, it would have been thought providential," Here was a scene worthy of the painter's art It was in Carpeuter's Hall, in Philadelphia; a building which still survives, that the devoted individuals met to whom this service was read. Washington was kneeling there, and Henry, and Randolph, and Rulledge, and Lee, and Jay, and by their side there stood, bowed in reverence, the Puritan patriots ofNew England, who at that moment had reason to believe, that an armed soldiery was wasting their household.? It was believed that Boston bad been bombarded and destroyed. They praydfl fervently "for ? * .t n i.!? America, lor ine congress; ior me |huhii?,u vi Massachusetts Bay, and especially for the town of Boston, and who can realize the emotions with which they turned imploring heaven for divine interposition and aid? "It was enough,"says Mr. Adams, "to melt a heart of stone. I saw the tears rush into the eyes of the old, grave pacific Quakers of Philadelphia." Stringy Cabbage.?The Boston Post has the following good joke ofj a "fctrd case'* who was accustomed to corning home late at night in a "corned" state, and taking a cold bite, which was usually set out fur him by his kind and forgiving wife. One night, besides the usual dish of cabbage and pork, she left a wash-bowl filled with caps and starch. The lamp had long been extinguish, ed, when the staggering sot returned home, * and by mistake when proceeding to satisfy his hunger, he stuck his fork into the wrong disb. He'Worked army at bio mouthful ?f osps Tfliy patiently for some time,but being unable to mas* ticate them, he sung out to his wife. "Old woman!'where did you get your cab. bagc?-they are so stringy, I^can't cbow them!" "My gracious," replied the good lady, "ifthe stupid fellow ain't eating all my caps that I put in starch over night!" Force of Habit.?A gentleman recently from Africa, while at one of the civilized colonies on the coast met a colored woman whom he had known in old Virginia, who had obtain, ed her freedom for good conduct, and had emigrated for Liberia. ? - ... ft. 'Where are you travelling to Mary, rata too gentleman. 'I am going down to the village on the sea shore. I 'in tired of seeing nigger, nigger, nigger! I want to sec some white folks.' 'But are you doing well here.' 'Oh, very well. I have lour slaves who make palm hats.* 'Slaves, Mary? Yon, emancipated, to have slaves in your own land/' 'Oh, yes,' said the with great simplicity, must do as thoy do in old Virginny.' The way to get Ricn?The only way is by saving. If you spend as much as you get, jrou will never be. richer than you are. It is not what a man gets, but what he saves, that con. stitutes his wealth. (Jo learn the twe first rules of arithmetic; learn addition and substraclion; add to your present capital any amount you please; substracl tho sum which you add, and tell me if the last amount will not be the same as the first. Every merchant should, in every year of his life, make some addition to his capi. tal. Yon say you get but a little, and then next year you will get more, tor you will have the profit upon the sum you save. There is no royal road to wealth any more than to geome try. The man who goes on spending all he ?nnri nriiwit bvsome luckv hit he shall | "i"? j In* raispd to wealth, will most likely sink into poverty, for, in case of adverse fortune, ho has no resource, whereas, by economy he may. lay by a stock that may serve as a provision in case of adversity. A man says the times are bad; that seasons are bad; the laws are bad. Be it so; but were the case reversed, it would make no difference to you. Look at home; you spend more than you net; how can you be otherwise than poor? How many a respectable family have fallen from a high station which they worh:!y and hon< rildy filled, because neither the rcutVuuin nor the lady had been familiar with the first four rule? of arithmetic. Had they known how to check the accounts of their agents, their tradesmen, and their servants; had they known how to comparr their receipts and expenditures, and to see which predominated, all their difficulties might have been avoided. A very small acquaintance with the principles of commerce is sufficient to teach that, if a man sp *nds every year more than he reaches, ho will necessarily fall into poverty. Hunt's Merchant Magazine. A Colored Legislator.?Kev. Samuel Ward, a colored man, has been nominated for the New York Assembly, by the colored men of r. >riland county. A man offers one cent for an apprentice who has icalkcd away from him, being too Jaz^j to run.