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PROTEST OF THE PRESIDENT. To the House of Representu/ir"s: I>v the Cnrtstitntion of the railed State?, it i" provide;! that "evei-v bill which slfoll have passe ! the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it heroine? a Jaw, be pre.-e"lied the President of the Hm'td(ES;ates; ii"|,c approve, Iio shall si<rn it; butjf r?"', Jie shall return it with his objection?, to that House in which it sliaii have originated, who shall enter the objections at large upon the journal, and proceed to reconsider it." in sines: ci'injiji iui-is ??mi mi tion thus imposed upon ine by the Constitution, not having1 bean able to bring myself to npprovs; a bill wliich originated in the^Hotisc of jvcpiv-i eeutajives, entitled, "Art act to provide revenuej from import?, ami to chancre ami mobile exislio ri laws imposing duties on imports, am! for other; purposes." J returned the same to llie House,, witli iny objections to its becomm;;- a These objections, which bad entire:;.' satisfied my own' mind of the urcut impolicy, ii not the imcon. Tfutionalily, of lite ir.otisure, were pro enter! m the most respectful, and even deferent; ] terms. J would not have been so tar ;<>r/ . "] of what was due from one department mine C'ovcrnment t'> another, as to have into..Lion.uiy employ; i, ni mv official intercourse v. itli the i i<mse, any bungiinge *hat could be, in the slightest do'.-rce, ollbnsivc to tbose to whom it was addressed. 1', in assignlng' my objections to the bill, ! liad so far forgotten what was due to the iloii.se of Representatives a9 to impugn its motives in passing the bill ^ should owe, not only to that House, hot to'be country, my most profound apology. Much beparlure from propriety is, however, not complained of in any proceeding which the House has adopted. It has, on the con rary, been expressly made a subject of remark, and aim st of com plaint, that the language in which my dissent was couched was studiously guarded and cautious. Such being the character of l lie oftlcial communication in question, 1 confess 1 tvas wholly unprepared lor the course which has been pursued in regard to it. In the exercise of I he power to regulate its own proceedings, the House, for the first time, it is believed, in the history of the Government, thought proper to refer the message to a selet t committee ui its own body, for tlic purpose (as my respect lor the House would have compelled me to infer) of deliberately weighing the objections urged against the bill by the Executive, .villi a view to its own judgment upon the question of the final adoption or rejection of the measure. Of the temper and leelings in relation to myself of some of the members selected for the per-! fortnance of this duty, 1 have nothing to say.? That was a matter entirely within the discretion of the House of Representatives. Rut that conimittece, taking a dijl'ireiit view of its duty from that which 1 snouid have supposed had led to its creation, instead oi confining itself io the objections urged against the lull, availed ilseli of the occasion formally to arraign the motives of the President for otners of tifs acts since Ins induction into office. In the absence ol ail proof, and, as I am bound to declare against all law or precedent in parliamentary proceedmgs, and, tit the same time, in a manner which it would be difficult to reconcile with the county IntJieno sacredly observed in tue intercourse between independent and co-ordinate departments of the Government, it has a&saiicd my wnole official 1..?? ,nt n shadow ol a nre.exl lor.- uen CU1IUUOI) ?* iviivu. assauit; and, stopping short of iui;>c.Leiiii.oiit, has " charged me, nevertheless, witii oiionces declared to deserve impeachment. ? "licttl Ultj umi auiiinn?.j cL?. xnittee tlius made luthe House been permitted to remain without ?ue sanction ol the latter, 1 should not have uttered a regr< t, or complaint, upon the subject But, unaccompanied as it is by any particle of testimony to support the char-us it contains, without a deliberate examination, almost without any discussion, the House ol itcpresentauves has been pleased to adopi it as its own, and thereby to become my accuser bclorc tiiu country, ami before the world. The high character of such an accuser, the gravity ol me charges which have been made, and tne judgme, t promunced against me, by the adopiiun 01 tne report upon a distinct atid scperale vole oi the House, leave no alternative but to enter my solemn protest against the proceeding, as unjust to myself as a man, as an invasion ol my constitutional powers as Cluel Magistrate oi the .American people, and as a violation, in my person, ol rights secured to every cuizeu by tne laws and the Constitution. That Constitution has intrusted to the House of Iicpre.-entauvus ihc sole power of impeachment. Such impeachments is required to be tried before tne most august tribunal known to o.ur institutions. The Senate of the United .Slates, composed ?-io.?r,i,? B,?,.,m,rniv oi tne I of the represeiuanw-c vi w.v, States, is converted into u lialJ ol justice; ami, ui' r order to insure the strictest observance ui the rules of evidence, and of legal procedure, the. Chief Justice of the L'nited Suites, the highest! judicial functionary o) the land, is required to pre-1 side over its deltheralions. In the presence of; each judicatory, the voice of sanction is presumed to be silent, and the sentence of guilt orinno-! cence is pronounced under the most solemn sanctions of religion, of honor, and of law. To such a tribunal does the Constitution authorize the House of Representatives locary up its accusations against any chiel oi the E\ecuuvo department whom it may believe to he gunty 01 nigh i crimes and inisdemeatiois. [ iJofore that tribunal the accused is confronted * with his accusers, and may demand liie privilege, which the justice yI me coiijinon law secure.. ,.i the humbiesicii^'Df01 il ,Ui:? j?hcih? ? ?.? tial iuquiry into Ihc lad.-, upon mo lesu mooy of witnesses, rigidiy e.xantreieu, a.Kl deposing in the face of day. li such a pyueoeilnig nua uoon adopted towards nie, unjust * #llUuiJ certain ly have regarded it, 1 siiouui, 1 tru. ? .' tvc uiut wan a becoming constancy a trial as pa.'uiui as it would have been undeserved. 1 uou.'d have manifested, by a profound subiniss.on to t"ie 'aws of my country, my perieet faith in her judice." and, relying on the purity of my motives, u..:d the rectitude of my conduct, should liave Jooiied forward with confidence to a triumphant reiuia;-.i ruuutrv. and by tnc UU[I| III IIIC lireggiiku V/J ? . solemn judgment of such a tribunal, not omyol whatever charges might have heen formally preferre8-against me, but of ail the calumnies oi which 1 have hitherto been the unrct-lain;;; victim. As it is, 1 have bepn accused without evidence, and condemned without a hearing. As far as such proceeeuigs can accomplish it, 1 am deprived of public confidence hi tne administration of the government, and dented even tne boast of a good man?a name transmitted to me irotn a patriot tather, prized as my proudest inheritance, and careiully preserved iur ihosj who aie to come alter me, a? the most precious o: all earthly possessions. 1 am not only sni.jeclcu ,o imputations aliecting my character as an inuii iuuui, but atn charged with'oflences against the couii.i ^ go grave and 6o henious as to deser; e public d.?grace and disfranchisement. 1 am charged with 4" . J M violating pledges which I never gave; and be^ai cause I execute what I believe to be the law, with ft it -ttrf i.ig powers nolcottlerred by law; and, above V "11, with Using the powers conferred upon tlt^e ci i {'resident by the Constitution, from corrupt tno- ai j lives n;id for unwarrantable ends. And the?? tc charges are made without, any particle ol cvij dance :<> sustain tliern, and, as i solemnly aliirm, || J without any foundation in truth. ?f ? , 1> Why is a proceeding .of this sort adopted at ci | this time? Is the occasion tor it found in the a! | fa-!, llj >!, having been selected to the second of- ai ; lice uu.'**r the Coti.itinitiou by the tree and volun- n lary s mirages 01 the people, [ have succeeded to ft i the tii'si, according to the express provisions of a the fundamental Jaw 6f the tame people? It is tt true the su^^b-aion of the Vice President to 0 , the CLiel .V .gistracy ha.*never occurred be.ore, tj and ti; . ail prudent and patriotic minds have \\ Joehcd op ih.s new trial of the wisdom and sta- ai dtli'.y ofour institutions v? it it a somewhat anxious p '.oncern. 1 have been made to feel too seusitiJy 0| the ddlicuilies of my unprecedented position, not .;( to l::iow all that is intended to be eonvoyuu in me u reproach oast upon a President without a party. p. i'.ul i lound my.-elr placed in l!i:s most responsi- c; bio station by no usurpation or contrivance ot my a. own. I was called to it, under Providence, l?y 0i tlje supreme law oi tlic land, and tlie deliberate- |(] iy-dsclared will oi the peopie. It is by luc?c, a, t.je people, that 1 have been cloilieJ with the tl, high j;ow ers which they have seen lit to coulide rn toiiienr C'inol Executive, and been charged with the solemn responsibility under which inose pow-' jn ers are to lie exercised, i' is to them 1 nonl my- i sell aiisw urabio, tis a moral agent, lor ;t true anj |j. consc.entlous discharge oi the duues wincu lliey /,, liave imposed upon me. it is not as tin ludivi- In dual merely, tnai 1 am now caiied upon to resist (J) the eiicroucuinent oi uiicoiislitumuiul power. 1 represent the Executive authority oi tne people J g. o; lhe Lulled States; and it is hi their nauie, ,,, (w nose mere agent and servant i am, and whose i 'p will, declared in tlieir tuiidaineutal law, 1 dare L,, not, even ii 1 were inclined, to disobey,; that 1 j jj| protest against every attempt to bread down tne ' (j( undoubted coiisiiltilioiial power ol tins depart- la, uienl, without a soicmii amcuduictil ot that tun- Sj dameuial law. a| 1 am determined to upliold the Constitution in ;,j tins, as m other respects, to the utmost ol my c( ability, and m defiance ol all personal coiiscqueu- ;t, ces. What may happen to an individual is oi j,r Jutlc importance, but the Constitution ol' the .Sl] country, or any oi lis great and clear principles ,(| and provisions, is loo sacred to he surrendered, i,, underany circuuisiances wiia'.ever, by tiiose wuo are charged with us proiection and do.once. pL Least oi ail siiotiul lie no iietd guiltless, wuo pta. | ,,f ced at the head ol one oi tiie great departments ' m ol iiie C overmuch!, snoiild shriut; irom uie exer- ( ciseoi us uiiijuesiioiiauio iiuinoriiy on tne inosijnj impiir.aiu occasions, uinlsuoUiil coiisein, wiluoui > of a s.nigg.e, io edacc tt.i Uie harriers so c ue.uny 11 >| creu-eu oy the people to coilit'ol and circuiii.-ci'iue ! ?a Uie powers coniided to l.ieir various age.i.s. 1 , m luay he Uesiraole, as the majority oi iue l*ousc oi Keprcseinatives lias deciareo it is, that no t,-: such mocks upon the Will oi the Leg.sia.ure \\ snould he sutlercd to con'.itusc. Tins i? a in.il.er ih ior the people and the fc'ialcs to decide, hin, mi. uj t.l they shad hive deemed i:, i shall leel my .sen m bound ;u execute, without leur or lavor, Uie law, er it lias been written by our predecessors. n! 1 protest against tins wnole proceeding of the m ilousc oi .Representatives, as c.c jiurlc and exlm p fuaicial. 1 pro:est against it as suoversive oi c ?.e cu,union r.^ntoi ail citizens to he coiidcuiue.i uiuy upon a i...r and impartial tinai, according to law and evidence, be.ore the country. 1 pro.est c: ..r..: uvii vc in an ktto KAntirry of' itT* tercoursc between Uie Departments oi tins tij- t<j vernlUJut, and destined, sooner or'later, to lead S to conll.ct litial to the peace ol tne country and tie uilegrity oi tne Constitution, t p.o.o-i st against t , in the name u! lint Constitution, which : sc is uoi oiliy my own siueid oi protection and de- hi Jeuce,but mat oi every American citizen. I s: proie>t a^aiiu-t n, mine name ol the people, i>y It., vvnosc wni I s'.iiiui wucre I do, and oy wuosouu- li thorny 1 exercised .lie power which 1 am cuarg- ?J eu w nh having usurped, and to whom 1 am re- j sponsible lor u lirui a:id laithiul discharge, ae- I pi cording to my own convicnons ol du.y, ul the I n< lngii stewardship counded Ju :11c by them. I pro- ( b; tes. against il, in the name oi all rego la od hocr- rc ty, and ail limned Government, as a proceeding 1.1 londi lo tiie liner destruction ol tne cocoas ai and balances ol tiie Constitution, and iliu accu- V ululating in the hands o: the llousc ol Ueprcsou- ci tames, or a bare majority 01 Congress, iur tiiel time bomg, an iuico;uro.:ed and despotic power. | And I respecilully ask tJiat tins, my protcsi, may A be entered t:,?on the journal ol tiie House oi Kep-1 rose ul: tires, as a solemn and formal declaration, lor all time lo come, ot tiie injustice and uncou- ty stitntioiiaiiiv ol' such a proceeding. m JOHN TVLER. b; Washington, August 30,1*1-. K - ....... |.' I'rnm the Xvw Yarl: I'lenrutu. i * HIGH DUTIES AXDFREK 'I'liADE. Jul The discussion ol the principles ol"?rce ir;ule" ei and "restrictive legislation," lor some tunc to ti coine, will bear a conspicuous part m the political conflicts of the two parties. The speech ol ui Mr. Calhoun, which we laid before our readers " last week, discus.-cs the question 1.1 a manner so cp convincing, that wc deem an outline ol it a lie- si cess a ry preliminary to Uie opening ol tne discus- h< s:on. ? Mr. Calhoun commenced by raying that the tl bill now before the Senate was worse than that jr ol 'JS; i"r although the old lull imposed an aver- si ( age o! duties 01 40 per eent, and tins ol on, >e.i c; ; p< r ceni less, sliil the tl.nerence was more than j'1 j inatle no by ilie arbitrary vaiuatioii winch the j Collector might place upon goods, ibe reipuru- il I incut el cash paymeiPs, and the general lulling w j of?'prices on almost every article, lie opposed ' i o t............. .? ir 11.>ii.i*.ifiiisO ll j tilt' unit uewiaw II umuiuu, ...^ Act, violated llie plighted laith of the govern- h meal in the distribution clau?e, and would do- tl ccive the manufacturers with unstable legisla- a 1.0:1. It was also objectionable as being opprcs- ti sive to the poor, from tiie higher duties 011 coarse p iat*iclcs. v | Mr. Calhoun affirmed that the majority in Con- e jrr(.. ; li.id purposely raised the expenditures of 11 j the government, that a Tarill'of Protection may g i pass undtT the guise of revenue. Put so far as e jtliis bill pro1 iibus, it is not one of revenue, but v : essentially 01 protection?the operatiau 01 the c | law giving the rnn'rary 10 liic declaration ol iis c 'authors. The bill co:ucs from the njauufactur- t1 j mg iulcrcslf, asking lor. protection against low 'J ?" ? -lk;t- tlio mii/nriiineiit i prices, me xiiiinuiKtiu.^*" ?... ?- 0 to compel all the other citizens?agricultural, < mechanical ami commercial?-to give them a sul- t ticieut sun:, over and above the la:r market price, t that will ruahe their business proli table. In tlie.r < petitions lor duties, they virtually say, "Jt is the I dniy of tie government, when any branch ol in. I d lis try is depressed by low prices, ;<? compel all J o hots m assist it." What wouid that principle t t? ad m if earned out! Can it be less riestruc- t tive ?vhou i> striated to a certain class! llut can t the party from whom the ruanuiacturers ask thte 11 * s # 'sislanre afford to give the aid? Tiie cotlon inirests of the Soutli, the provision interest of the '/est, the mechanical, navigating and cotnmcrial. interests of every portion oi tlic Union, are 5 deeply embarrassed as the manufacturing invest. Ask them if they can afford to give more for teir supplies, andthey will answer, no. Thus y the imposition of duties the government bonnes the advocate of one small interest to force II others equally impoverished to aid it. But as a ap dogy lor this impertinent request for a domine, the petitioners say "that it is to exclude ?reign competition." Thev assert, that there is * 1 A .1 competition between noinc nuujiuirjn nmusy. 'i'iiis is denied, 'i'lie competition spoken I, being only between one branch of/io/we indus y and another. To prove tIiis wo commence 'ith tno universally admitted in..... u t>?at (lie mount of imports depends fip-m the amount of sports. It matters not liovv low the wages are] fanother country, it cannot export unless it im>rts. The real competition, then, is between lose who produce articles ol' export. 'J'hc warre is between the manufacturers and the other spurt interests of the same country, and not in i iy torni against foreign industry. The exports ; the country amount t?> one hundred and ten illious. Jt is dm.?n from the soil, the ocean id the forest. It is drawn from the boat-buiider ie sailor, and the hundreds of thousands of larcrs and mechanics. These exceed those engaged in manufactur-' g in the proportion of at least ten to one. Now, is this vast and varied in-hi'try, that is st:<ron_ r"l by the advocates of restriction as "foreign (his.'iy." A.|(I these are the interests that the position of duties, taxes for the benefit ol the atiufaeturers. Again, ns a friend to the manufacturing inter- [ it, we contend that the pro'cctive system is inlical to it, and does not better its condition, lie effect of high duties, is fo exclude the ?njirted article. The consequence is, the exports lat would have been exchanged for such exclu. d articles, .vill come buck in part, in articics hnitied tree, unprotected, and the balance in iccio. This turns exchange in our favor, and ' so in favor of the manufacturing district against I n'l.n? "'.,1. tl.O SOeciO I > V xL21 IJ1U lllrtiiumvuiiv.' w..v -j inters, rausintr an increase ol t!ic currency and rise ol prices. This increases the expense el educing goods, until tlie cost ol production is i high as ir> Le erpia! to tiie imported article, lor it lias paid the high duty, when the importmns u iil again commence", and a hi rhcr land'; ill he demanded. Thus, every i irilFoas disap-1 i.uied the hopes of its advocates. The ability j a foreign market to Iniv 1mm us, depends in j ?sl instances upon its ab . ty o soil to us. By! lecking niiporlaiioii we dimmish the capacity j foreign nations to buy, which causes the price our export to lall. High duties, then, lessen " piantity and price of exports, and increase o price of imports and with few exceptions does ic goods. The cifect of high duties on the business and ado of the country w.II n w lie considered.? *1 icii the cultivation of cotton is profitable, ose engaged in it grow but little else, relying mii the proceeds to purchase whatever ei.-e ay be required. But when high duties, or otlicauses, make the culture ol cotton iinprofitae, the planters curtail expense-', and raise, as r as practicable, a supply of their own wants, lie fcJoutii buys less provision ol the West, and wer uiauuiaciures ol the Mofili. A groat laJlgoifot lioine 1r;ii!e is the coiismpieiioe. What Iris boon said ol cotton, is e pially app'id.ilo to every article "i produce or maiiulac'urc. J niirre rOTirr.:r~y or rest, iciiYG'Tegisiatioil is > separate couulry from country, and State from I tale. Toe present low prices of goods, is not in continence ol imported articles having taken pos.'ssinu ol the market to t!io exclusion of liio dousee. Imported articles, taxed, bear bufa n ail proportion to the domestic. It is estimated at lije .ormcr is 45,000,000, and the latter 10,(i(K),0(H). The Uumcstic manufactures are to I o. unpoits. Bui, it is asked, what is to ho done for the osjjcriiy oi the couulry. The reply is wc mils! [ >t shape (iur course t<> secure a iiomo marled, it a loreipi one. We must pursue a policy the worse ut that in this Lull. Tiiero tuustf he low, sioad ol lii^li dunes?a sound currency, ti.\ed id stable, ami oil a level with that of the world, "tth low duties and a sound currency, we can nnpete successfully with the world. From the Southern Fanner. REMINISCE.WE OF ISIU?ASTOXISIIl?\u DEVELOPMENT. A fresh rcveiaiion of the madness and insani wlucii actuated some of the Whips iu tin? cuiorable campaign of 1 r? 10. has just been ought to light, in a letter Ironi John P!enstriii.-\ sip late edmir of the Richmond Whig, and a an ot talents and inliueucc in that party.? niui tins inter we learn thai, while the returns the Presidential election were 1<0:r..^ recoivI, there was a ppriod of some 24 hours, when it' Wlii^s of Richmond believed lint it bad Jiie agamsttheus; and this, alter all the labor id urn and expense winch they had been at lor I'lppccauuc and Tyler too," ihoy wore not line willing to submit to-Vjuictly. They counted lawyers to know if llic clcelion could not 3 broken, owing to ailndjjed Irauds in Virginia -(about which, by t!ie bye, we now hear lor iu lirst tuneJ?and tinding it could not, a pro ct was sianed, to abduct .Mr. Van Bure'n, uould lie he luund to have been elected, and irry nun among the i. i'.nful Whigs of the "upi.-? uistiacis ol Mo. i. Caroli'Si,"' there to be r;ai! with : e circumstances might require!? lot we will icl Mr. i'lcasanls tell it in ins own ords. lie says: "l.i this siuie of feeling, three individuals who appeneu io ue together, interchanged opinion, mini tin entire concurrence of sentiment among icmiselves, and hastily arranged the heads 01 plan lor redressing the wrongs of the counry by securing the person ol Mr. Van lluren, lovious to ins inauguration. Three things! ere to precede putting it in execution: 1. Thej lection ol Mr. Van Huron. ~ That he could j ol have been returned without the vote of Vir ;miu. 13. l'roof, carrying positive and undouht- ] J certainty with ii, that Iiis majority in Virginia' vas irauiluicnt. These preliminaries nsceriaiuil, twenty persons, men who could depend on >uu another. wore to be admitted into tlits assertion under the pledge of secrecy and fidelity. I'eit oi tlie number w ere to proceed to Wasting ton in a last steamboat, giving nuc that their ibject was a jaunt of amusement, to witness lie approaching inauguration. It was imagined iiatuiere wuuid be little difficulty in finding an ipporluinly in conveying Mr. Van Huron on ward by s.ralngem or lurcc, and this done, the mat was to run with all d.spitch for Albemarle Sound, previously a-rced upon as the destma,1011. i nere the ten were to be met by their aswciales, and Mr. Van liuren to be escorted by he whole wife the upper district of North Caroina, Cornwalhs' 'most rebellious people in i / America,' and whom we knew to be as staunch Whigs as their forefathers were in 1780. Arrived there, a manifesto was to be published, addressed to the American People, declaring the motives and objects of the act and the vicinage assembled and appealed to. Mr. Van Huron himself was to be trca'ed with the <T?atest possible respect and courtesy compatible with sue custody. The man lies to was to ijcmanu a new election and the restoration of the rights of the majority. The next northern mail brought confirmation of a great Whig victory, and of course t >e plan of abduction and all thoughts of it were abandoned. Whether it would have been executed if the events had fallen out, the anticipatian of which led to its conception, is j beyond my power to know. I belie in it. would hare been; for, although it was embraced in passion, that, was not. liknlv to cool by witnessing successful fraud in the enjoyment of its spoils." Tiif. Remedial Justice T,aw.?As this is an important measure we publish it entire, as it passed Congress. AN ACT, 10 provide further remedial justice in the Courts of the United States. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in j Congress assembled, That either of the justices 1 of the Supreme Court of the United Slates, or a , judge of any district Court of the United States, j in which a prisoner is co ifiitcd, in addition to the authority already conferred by law, shall have I .power to grant writs of habeas corpus in all cases j of any prisoner or prisoners in jail or confluent ""lit, where lie, she, or they, being subjects or citizens of a foreign State, and domiciled therein, shall be committed or confined, or in custody, under or by any authority of law, or process founded thereon, of the United States, or of any one of them, for or on acccountof any act done or omitted under any alleged right, title, authority, privilege, protection, or exemption, set up or claimed under the commission, or order, or sane-; tion, of any foreign State or Sovereignly, the va-. lidily and effect whereof depend upon the law of, ~ ir. Iin/lnf onlAP tllOrftnf a Till tinnn tllO I return of the said writ, and clue proof of ihe service of notice of the said proceeding to thcA*torney Conernl or other officer prosecuting tiic pleas of the State, under whose authority t lie petitioner has been arrested, committed, or is held in custody, to Ice prescribed by the said justice or judge at the time of granting said writ, the said justice or judge shall proceed to hear the said cause; and if, upon hearing the same, it shall appear that the prisoner or prisoners, is c r are rn'itlcd to be discharged from such confinement, commitment, custody, or arrest, for or by reason of such alleged, riight, title, aiitliori y, privileges, protection, or exemption, so set rp and claimed, and the law of nations applicable t ;ereto, and that the same exists in fact, and has been duly proved to 1 lie said justice or judge, then it shall be the duty of said justice or judge forthwith to discharge such prisoner or prisoners accordingly. And it shall nptscnr to the said justice or judge that such judgment of discharge ought not to he rendered, then the said pr soner or prisoners shall be forthwith remanded: Proj i(I (I always, That from any decision of such justice or judge an appeal may be taken to the circuit court of the United States for the district, in which the said cause is heard; and from the judgment of the said circuit court to the Supreme Court of the United States on such terms and under sucli regulations and orders, as well for the custody and appearance of the prisoner or prisoners, as for sending tip to the appellate tribtinal a transcript of the petition, writ of habeas corpus returned thereto, and other proceedings, as the judge hearing the said cause inav pro- j Bprilwv rmd rininlincr such nroceedin<r or anneal. and until final judgment lie rendered therein, and | after final judgment oi' discharge in the same, any proceedings against said prisoner or prisoners, in any State court, or by or under the authority of any State, for any matter or thing so | heard and determined, or in process of being! heard and determined, under and by virtue of! s'i'-h writ of habeas corpus, shall be deemed null; an I void. j Approved, August *20, 1812. ' F um'lc Smith Carnhmtn. Saliulu Fuctori/ Cotton liagging.?The following note of Mr. Jordan, contains a strong recommendation of this article; it) addition to which we may state, that a number of the most extensive and experienced planters of this and the adjoining districts, who have tried if, (all, j we believe, who have done sc,) fjllv approve i', \ and are using, or about to use it entirely; and j that it seems to us, after seeing a specimen of it J for the first time, a few days n^o, a strong, ser- j viceable article, well suited to tlie purpose for I which it is designed. All we would urge upon ' oi r planters; however, is to try it, and judge for themselves. Coi.tv.iiua, f)tl: S pt., IS 12. Mr. Editor:?I observe in your paper of last' week a notice of the first bale of new Cotton1: brought to this market, and purchased by me. ! Had 1 been aware of your intention to publish 1 it, 1 would have informed you that it weighed 1()8 pounds; was packed in bagging made from i Cotton at the Saluda Factory near this place, and , roped with cotton rope, made on the gentleman's j plantation who raised the cotton; and was in perfect and complete order. Tiiis bale was 1 not larger than ordinary bales. Kespdctl'ully yours, M. S. JORDANThe Texas Treaty?Our readers may re member our mentioning, tome time in the iast week oj" the late session, that a Commercial Convention, coticlmled between I lie United Slates and Texas, bad been laid before the Senate by I llie ['resident of the United States for ratitica- j tion. We learn, upon inquiry, that owing1 to the I late period at which that treaty was sent in, it was not practicable fortbe Senate to act upon it before adjournment. It will come up, of course, among the first tilings to be acted upon when the Senate is again in session. We understand that the I'on. James Rei'y, Charge d'Afiairesof Texas, between whom and the Secretary of State this treaty was concluded, having accomplished that desirable object, has resigned his trust, and depaiteJ on his return to Texas.?Xat. Int. I.ahd Oji,.?Wo received yesterday from Mr. | Thus. .Barrett, at whose store the article can he 'obtained, a sample of Lnrd Oil, which, after cleansing our old lamp of its fishy substance, j was duly deposited therein, and replacing the [old wick with a new one, the match was applied, I and a brighter flame we do i.ol wish to write by. Its color is as good as tlie best speim, and it lias ; this advantage, (besides its cheapness,) that it ! is Tree from that disngreeal le smeii a..,i sin-.kc, which is the great. objection to the use oi'Speriu Oil.?Augusta Cinistitutinialist. In the Kentucky House of Representatives, the Whig majority will be only 14. ?! , A VEKBUT MORMXC, SEPTEMBER H, 1848. Tiif. Protest.?This able document,, transmitted by the President to the House on-the day preceding the adjournment of Congress, will be found in our columns to-day. The extrordinary and unconstitutional proceedings of the House upon the late veto message could fail to excite ' the President's indignation, and the disgDSt of every citizen who admires our system of government. The document is;well worth a perusal, and every unprejudiced reader will unite wid* us in saying that it is a triumphant vindication of ,!./? nnnc?;?l,?:nn -..,1 ? 1 uiv vuncuiuuun, anu a just aim bcvertt rebuke to the wliigs for their reckless proceedings. (TT We would inform the editor of the SmilJi > Carolinian tint it was our intention, when we *admitted Mr. Johnson's communication, to publish his reply, provided he confined himself to the issues already made, without raising new ones. We make no promise however, to admit any article until we have seen it. We would also, inform the editor that Mr. Johnson is in no way whatever, connected with the editorial department of the Journal, and knows no more than the editor of the Carolinian, what is to appear in the paper until it is published. We would fur- ^ ther inform him that we wrote the 'private letter* ' at the request of Mr. Johnson, who was examining the proof-sheets, in orderto get both in i Monday's mail, which was then about closing..? The reason why prdof sheets were sent instead" of the manuscript had, we understand, been pre-'viously explained by Mr. J. himself. We considered that 'Tocsin' had been fully replied to by "i'hilo Tocsin"?and if we choose to' permit one correspondent of the Journal to reply j to another, in preference to copying a reply, even from the South Carolinian, we cannot see&hat the editor has any good reason to complain^- If * the editor cannot see the difference betweerrHia being bound to publish replies to a string of queries put forth by himself and published in his own I paper, and our being bound to publish his replies [voluntarily made, to an anonymous communication published in our paper, we phall not undertake tqg&r.lightcn him?he is too blind to be made see. ' > THE NEXT.1* PRESIDENCY" As this question is coming before people again,^ and is already beginning to attract the attention j of public men and the political press tWough] out the country, we think it incumbent upon us, ' p I as the humble organ of a portion of the public voice, to make our preference known. Although the time has been when our partialis ties were not as they now are, from circumstances perfectly familiar to the people of the State, and which, as they now are past and gone, we deem it unnecessary to repeat. Aiming as we do, at the public good, and reflecting thoroughly ar.d calmly on the suLjccr, taking into view the ! various interests of this great and glorious Union ?this vast Confederacy of twenty-six sovereignties, united under one National Legislature, one * chief Judiciary, one person exercising, by the People"^ choice every four years, the highest office which freemen can bestow, we think it becoming that a free expression be made, point| ing out the man whose talents, services to his luuutiv tiuu |ji uiLi^iUd CUUUU ill ill IU U1IS lllga and dignified station. , As one in every view that can be taken of him, experienced statesman, faithful, fearless, patriotic public servant, with sufficient ability for any station among tr.cn, we present to the attention of our friends and readers, the claims of our distinguished fellow citizen, JOIIN C. CALHOUN ?a man whom we feel incompetent to eulogize by any remarks we can make?well known as he is, through the whole country, and esteemed as lie is, by all parties, for his firmness and energy, purity of character, and honest boldness in defending whatever he conceives to be truth and . sound policy. When we look at his whole course, and enquire for his motives, we cannot fail to admit that he has shown a most devoted love of country? * laboring more to do good, than to make himself No man has contributed more freely or more correctly, to the common stock of useful information on the machinery of our complex Govern": mcnt?the relation of the People to the Statee, 1 and the States to the Union. He has stuck to I the letter and spirit of the constitution with unI pr^cedented firmness, evsif when thing?' appeas| cd almost hopeless, and his own political destruction almost inevitable^-, American Democracy, and the Republicanism of '03 have had his constant and unwavering support, inclining as he certainly does, and as his nature and his duty in his present situation constrain him, to the defence of Southern interests and institutions. With this motto, lately put forth by himself: -.^ "Free trade; low duties; no debts; separation from ibanks; economy; retrenchment, and a strict adherence to the Constitutionlie is the man of all men vet named, who should be selected for this high office. Altogether worthy to succeed Jef' ferson, Madison and Jackson. In yielding, as we heartily do, to his support 4 (and we have not been among his closest followers, by any means,) wo thinkthesime sentiments that influence us would have a like effect upon others, professing as we all do, to go for "our country, our whole country, and nothing but our country." ^ In making this expression of our opinions and ! o 1 oI?*-?o Ant* fo i<r* \V(* mP^n n<\ Urging IliC tmimo ui uui iuiui uv, ?w disparagement to other distinguished gentlemen who have been named in connexion with the of?