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* From Ihc ?>JuUi]c rrnf Cr.tr. T.i1"' /' r COTTON CKOP OF 1 5453?"3. 1 The omennt r: rccco:!-a* .Mobile J:'*.* fO iui- ' portant a hearing < i'- i*=i r'-' ? ii: prolii.* and it? prow:!, i! v.-i-. ? im- > u-td to ilirov. any light upon i::e : o: :.t ro:.-nr<!c<5 with morn or ]. < < i ' J therefore qs totho ' * oi !l?c grow- : ing crop hive i'o; . o : ?: { ?}- I'm-: able extent. f<-.:c v.v.-. - 4d3,vM;' t-^Balop, some sumo aa high even ? J:;. 500,000 bales r.#- the }.-r 0-. :>,;0 rjc., . bffe during t!ie eowing fe Y!j'? 1 * ? i ... largely incre 1 t; rouuciion-/over <u < vear ar.fi to smr.o omenf. over that of any prcvimi'vear, is foil ruled, as i'ar as wo can c- mprc'.cod the matter, mainly upon two considerations, !< wit: firs', upon ths uniformly admitted five* ofthe present very promising condition of ihe crop, and secondly, upon a supposed largely increased quantity of lands put in cotton. On the first, we remark thai ws conceive it too soon, altogether, to base any calculations.as to the probable yield. C\ yWe should hear in mind that there are number-j less casualties to which it is liable, before it is j secured to the planter?excessive d rough*, ex- J cessive rains, orearlv irosls; the hcc, the cat":--i pillar, or the army worm, or seme other drsiruc-1 tive, may ccr.tc in to blight the prospect. At about this time last year, the then crop was peculiarly promising, and even up to November, estimates of the crop of South Alabama made by those deemed pood judges, exceeded 1 lie actual v results by some 80 to 80,000 bales. To t he best of our recollections ffoO.OOO hales, as the probable receipts of .Mobile was the lowest estimate, while others went as high as 400,000 bales.? wolinnnA if? t r? lw> jl iu^cd sjiuw iauu naiu .viuhkc io iw placed oh any calculation based on any favorable .appearance of a crop at an early date. On the second point, we think tiicro is much oferror. It seems generally to he assumed, as taken for granted, that the quantity of lands put in Cotton is constantly on the increase, but we think differently?(we speak of that section which finds a market at Mnbi'e.) It will he recollected I hat from '.'11 to '37, and even to'39, and '-IO. the accession of slave labor was constant and prodigious in amount. Every public road witnessed drove after drove, and scarcely a public place Ihmugh the length ami breadth of the State was to he found which v. as not a standing mart for the sale of slaves. Hut. * how has it boon for the last two year.-? No'hio;:! of the kind haidlv to lie seen any v. here. Some > few have been brought in by settlors to.be.sure and a few here and there on s det but the numbers arc so small compared witii liie previous years, that it scarcely deserves to he named.? On the other hand negroes have been taken out - J- of the State by scores and by hundreds. .Mississippi and Louisiana and Texas, have received them each in great numbers. The number taken out, clandestinely too, lor the avoidance of debt, or other causes, might not. of itself he considered a s nail item, particularly as presenle I to the vivid recollection of many an Alabama resident. From a view of these facts, we are ourselves, fully satisfied that the aggregate of el'-j fective slave labor of that nortion of c ountrv Ira-! ding to Mobile, has not only not increase;! within | the last two years, but 011 the contrary Ins rath- ; er diminished than otherwise. 13ut whatever^ maybe the fact in this particular, there is another : consideration having an important bearing on t!:c amount of cotton to be produced. The pcoplg.if ' Alabama have become notorious, even to a hij. j word, for buying every thing hut Cotton. Not j only the fine goods of Eurone and the endless j varieties of Northern manufactures, but the horses ana mules, the flour, the pork, t he h"cont and the corn of the neighboring and distant States have found an ample market in South Alabama. But we believe a great change has come "over, the spirit of their dream." The low price < f cot- j * ton, the deranged condition of the currency, iho universal embarrassment and depression pervading every branch and profession?all these coijibine in urging "economy, retrenchment and ro-Jibrm." And in no way can these principles be * so effectually carried out, and their salutary effects be so plainly seen and fell by tlfe planters, as by their directing increased efforts to i he production within themselves, of all needful supplies. In Alabama, planters should never lack for corn or wheat, or bacon, or horses, or mules; these should always he furnished from the plan- j tation if the owner would l?e independent.? inest; ijuuuus we nave rcwsuu m uniuie ?ur i.j. king deep root every where, and being practical ly carried out, their bearing on the production of Cotton cannot be inconsiderable. Wiiiic tbej mottohos been "make all the Cotton you can!" ! the motto now is, "make a plenty and some to 3. s iare of every thing but cotton and then inake ' **' ~ w'rat cotton you can!" This is a radical and m st important change, and argues well for the fjture. jh? But while the planter thus enlarges his corn fields and his wheat fields, &c. his cotton fields will be necessarily curtailed. Without addi- ' tional laborers, without a corresponding, accession of force this must be the case. Wo have stated our belief that in the aggregate no such ] accession has been made within the last two i years, and that therefore as regards the growing ? crop we have no good reason to expect a ^larger i product than the preceding, only as the season \ shall prove a more & vocable one. ; ( We are not unaware that in these views we i run in conflict with the generally received opin- 1 ions, but honestly believing in their correctness 1 we put them forth. Nor have we much faith in , { the belief tbafonr crop will be greatly increased ; ?. for years to dome. The tide of emigration is not 11 in but out. The best lands are in the occupancy i? of independent planters. These increase their |1 possessions and eufargc their crop?, not so much; i by opening new lanuu as bv purchasing out;! ^.smaller Dlanters around them. These latter then ! < 'pull up stakes' for a new country. This is the j I process now going1 on in Aiabr.ma?in portions it y- we know to a great extent. ' Though in o:hcrj< portions settlers*may he coming jo conrideraoie.; numbers and opening somewhat c.\lo nuVely, new i! lauds, and while in every section we witness the I constant turning of the woodland into cult iygtpd! t fields, yet other fields are fiViot wcarii(g ontj^ftd1; one after another becoming worthless. It'traiy.i therefore well be questioned on which side the I preponderance rests. Without seme new itn- 'c puleethento emigration to- cur section ofrtlie'i State, our city can look to no greatly increased' r receipts. Such new impulse from present signs: j. of the times cannot soon be expected. Induce-! I niants to settle here are considered feeble, c<im- i * pared witLtthose held cut elsewhere, and man-'a * Kjnd'rajraovern tliem.-e: ves accordingly. jv S?p of 1339?'Itl was an extraordinary c one. Several causes contributed to tins result,' v but the most prominent were a most remarkably j f propitious season, and the high price of Cotton v ,* -.-^daring the winter and spring of 1839, Km price of t. v>s??. ofeir Cottons ranging from 14 a 17c. Tinsiiy u- j L Wfo* fr?m hljh prices to the production o! cation, I f to the neglect of every oi.'i t-r product' o" liio kyrl,i i W was most plianly seen in the year which succeed i \ ei in the great scarcity and c'onsc print high pri- i f 06 corn and other articles of heme product, c .' rough ut. the whole rot:.on '.-region. In adtli- r ion, lite high prices of slaves diirifig the same o ie.'iou induced large numbers to be brought in on b i'o and on litre, so that really there was an oiiec- y ivr; force applied to the production of Cotton lar v :; yoiiti t;::sl of any previous sea:;on. iSucii a c < roc thus appiied v.c arc iu:l likely soon to ceo a .in, nor: inuiai we, a. we .v.pr.-hond, soon e-- t 'i to fee -lie re at .'.ionile remit loO.t'tK' ! Our tv.o 1 . ( cr; ps ;tre su'niittcJ ligsit ? :> :ee, e<: sid wahfy !e. r ii. :i an average. Had | the o:.a ! eeri favorable the amount, of each I c iiavo rooJt'.'d t'VJpj'oO hales. Uttder tiie like contingencies tin growing crop may roach ! i ?h* like .amount, and only upon a:i extraordinary I yioid can we look for a larger one. t From the (Hole. 1 TAX OX COTTON JUGCIXG. i The bill noiv in progress before tho House ; contains a tax on cotton bagging of rive cents \ the square yard. Under the mil of 1632, it was three and a half re;;',..: the equaryanl. And Mr. i l>.iv'n. ..j iuontt;ckv, aiiuiit'cu in tits reman:.-, i lint ritO m.nr.utncturcr had flourished under this duly, and that the manufacturers had tripled in 1 the lust lb .v years. ' Ti.fi chairman of She cm:;mi".tec, (Mr. Fil ] more.) sta'cl that this duly of live cents the ,i square yard was only about 20 por retiL ad va-11 loreiu; this shows a total ignorance of the sub- ; i joct. The articles from Inverness or Dundee, i costs from ten to thirteen cents. Dot the duty I is Jive cents the square yard, and the article is 1 Irani forty two to forty-lbur inches wide. Now, ' thirty-six inches square is the square yard; and this leaves from six to eight inches by thirty-six i inches on every running yard, to he taxed over : trio ten or thirteen cents the running yard, which |' is the cost of the article. Then, instead of bo- j i ing 2") per cent, ad valorem, if the article cost | ten cents, it is five cents on the thirty-six inches i square, besides the six by thirty six, which j would also make very nearly one cent additional I tax in the running yard?that is, forty-two to I forty-four inches wide. It would thou, in fact, I he very near six cents, it would be CO per cent. ; ad valorem; a:.d 'if it cost thirteen cents, it t would he a little over 40 per cent. This, then, i is the tax in reality imposed upon the single ar- i tides of cotton bagging. This ditiers, in one ; respect, from any other article upon which you i impose taxes. It is consumed, exclusively l>\ : the cotton plainer. The argument as to other ! things is, that they are consumed generally by : the whole rojimiiimly, and thus equalize them- i selvesl.yail bearing,them ah he, according to i < their consumption. But here is an article ot i < prime necessity to one class alone in the com- j. muriity, upon which a tax is imposed of the i; highest rate, under the hold and ignorant as-: t sort ion that it is a li'tle below the general duties 11 imposed upon other articles for revenue. It t lakes with large bales of cotton six yards, and l with small live to live and a half yards per bale I < Now, with the tax at six cents the running yard, ' (as we h ive shown,) it amounts to thirty-six cents per bale; and every planter who raises ' l(Jt) bales, thus pays3,! dollars as a tax to Ken- t lucky to prepare his cotton for shipment, and is t ..l;mrfim-mmm oTMirla. \Vn Ii.iva ruif enlco. I latc.l the tax upon rope also. JJut suppose tlint v I13 cotton crop amounts to 2,000,(100 hairs, the ' ax on cotton bagging would amount to $i72l\-'' MM!. Docs any one suppose tins kind of unjust t md reckless legislation is to last! If so lie is i d mistaken; for when the majority in Congress is j ;| [ Innged, (and changed it will he,) the first I ' thing will be to move upon such objects as are ' clearly unequal and unjust, arid upon which an | f unfair lax has been levied by the leaders of mo-! v nopoly. Tltc consequence of this unfair move j1 in the Kentucky delegation, to secure enor-' P inous profits to those few who have control over the cotton bagging market, will be to endanger b' finally their stability and permanent prosperity, j c The argument of Mr. Davis was, to protect 0 iheir laboffjjggninst the ciieap labor of Asia, en- c raged in furnishing a cheap article for cotton b bagging, &c. And yet we hear it said that Asi- 0 t ic cotton is destined to destroy American cot- c on-plauters by its cheapness. I'Jow, we sub- r nit if the gentlemen who make this cry ought v lot also to have some regard for American labor v jngaged in raising cotton, as well as that en- I1 raged in cotton bagging; anil yet they impose i h iddilioual taxes upon the producer of the raw c natcriai for tiie exclusive benefit of their labor, 1J i utter disregard of the riirltt and interests of 11 hose from wliom they receive the greatest bene- , k it. If these tilings arc persisted in, it will , Irivc the cotton planter to use his own cotton <>r bagging, and to raise his own supplies en- j ircly; and then the Kentucky monopolisers of j lotion bagging will be indebted to the exalted j risdu/n of their present. Representatives for j / laving killed tiie goose for the golden egg. { \ I Ifi From the Georgia Argus. 1., rilE TABLES TUIINKI)?CAPT. TYLER f; AND THE WIIIGS. t A short time ago, the Whigs were wonderfully 1 pleased witlilhe idea of "heading Capt. Tyler;" a r is now distressing to hear their waitings and t ;ee their agonies, at the idea of Cap!. Tylerhead- n ng the Whigs. When it was announced to the r vorld, tliat " Tippacaswa and Tyler too," were a .'looted, and that the Whigs had a large majority e 11 Congress, they thought they had the whole f< ivorld in a sling. During the convaes, the t Whigs had declared that Gen. Harrison was a n rood States Rights man, the faithful six had not o nily certified to it, but demonstrated most clear- ' y, to the satisfaction of many a good Republi- o ;an, that lie was no: a Bank man, and \vc had b lis own certificate that the compromise should n tot be disturbed; the Whig presses of the South ti ' ? ' <! o.-.- _ lis neiu up :ur. j yier a.; a ouuu rvigius man p if'llie most strict est sect"; a par excellence nul- o lilior: lliey sung his praises all over the country, is tlie only man who had the firmness and patri- v Hisni to vote against tlio bloody bill in the Sen- t i!e of the United States; ho was held up to the i State Rights men as evidence that there could v >?; no Federalism in any administration with ii .vrnch he should be connected. Well, the Wligs , v jot into power,and determined to carry their! ueasures through while the steam was up; lest ti he jicople might have time for rcllection they f tal'nd mi extra session. The zirst thing vas to pass the Distribution Bill ahdihe -Bank- il not; I5iii; they give away the proceeds of the b iisblic laud, though they had complained so heavi-j f; y of waste ai.d extravagance, and almost went i itospa. nm a: the idea, that the country was not I tl U>!e to pry its debts; this was the first step to- 1 Ii vards economy, retrenchment and reform; to I five away the means of paying their debts. It c vas necessary to do this, to | rovide an excuse ! or a high iand", but still they could not pass it 1) vithunt inserting the provision, that the distribu-1 e I - .10 I .. .oil .?lli>U.3.CCUoC WTieiievei" n Mi"?iu umims Iic- II :e.;.sirV to increase the rate oi' iluiies beyond 20. '1 lerceul. i.tytt came a A.aUujifi! i'ai.k, Initio iOicC.ij.'L Tyler bewail t> .handle then:; coitlier, v. ieiv.)!c.o.pnor ihr&ta,cou^. get him l.ito thatj b; icasurt, am! although Jt tTis hndr.T. to the whole .h ? gggwgg?SSSSBS gg 5gg?S55 B - wc? onritry that he had aiv/aya been opposed to a I ,'ational Bank, although he had for tlio purpose' f getting the votes of the oppenents of the "ink,' eon held up as its uncompromising opponent; o! because he would not sanction their Bank, lie f ras denounced as a traitor to thepariy and to the j ountry; it was said that lie knew the principles! f the party, and ouirhl not to have been run by; hc:u, unions lie ininiidcd to act with them; they' or-.r??i tliat it mi<rIiL be very justly replied that h'-'V knew his principle?, and ought not lo have 'i! him into power unless they expected him to ::rrv liiein out. His principles were certainly I siuch hotter known than theirs, he had often) n.vlc declarations of his, the Whig party never lad of theirs; in truth they had deemed a decla-j alioti of principles unnecessary. We do not> know how it is \vi?|; Mr. Tyler, but whenever j tve act wi'J; any partv, we consider ourselves as i much ''the party" as anybody else, and have as| much right to govern the party as the party ha6 j Lo govern us. Mr. Tyler wag doubtless anxious to do every-! Lhingto please his party, that lie could do, with-1 out a sacrifice of principle, and my as perhaps willing to make some sacrifices of" that, as we ! think he did; but lie now found that, nothing! short of an entire abandonment of all the princi-j pies lie had alwavs professed, would satisfy his j allies, that lie was considered by them a mere; puppet lo he worked for the benefit of Mr. Ciay,' ind that to satisfy them he must consent to be so I used; to this degradation he would not submit, j lie has now found out that honesty is not only best, but the only safe policy, and we hope he will lor the future pursue it. Defeated in their darling scheme of the Bank, md finding Capt. Tyler inexorable upon this subject, the Whigs set about to head him.? This they have attempted to do, by striving to make liim odious to the people. Every Whig politician, and every Whig press, have boon set upon him to pull him down if possible. But the grand scheme for this, and that which would liave boon completely ellbctcd, if they could have accomplished it, was the passage of the little Taritl bill, which Mr. Tyler has lately veLoed. Although the Whigs have made a great uicry about t.ic finances of the couuiry, and its liability to pay its debts, and the necessity of regulating a revenue bill; although they profess1 ''--I oflnr tho fillet dav of this i *./ uciictu inai. ui?v. ..? ^ iionth no revenues could be collected from duies Without legislation on the subject; although hoy have liail an extra.scssion of throe months, ind have been in regular session for seven nonti'is, yet they have made no provision to jaard against tins stale of tilings; they have ione nothing to provide a permanent revenue or tlie country. Why was this! There were i great many of the Wings who were commiteh against a high tarill; they could not well he ii'ouglit to swallow it, wlnle the proceeds ol ho public lands were given away; a measure hat the rulers of the party did not intend to ihniidon; if they made a permanent turiil' above ft) per cent, and put in tise clause to prevent the mspcnsioii of tiie distribution, some of the Wings who used to be State Rights inc.), would ot vote for it; it would bean open violation of he compromise, without any necessity lor it, icsidcs Capt. Tyler might veto it. Well, now vhat is to be done! Why wait until the last of uno; pass a little tariff 10 operate only tor a nont!.', until permanent arrangements can be aide, it will not he worth while to suspend the listrilnition on that account. Tell -Mr. Tyler lid the country, that if that, bill is not passed, 10 revenue can be collected, and the Uovernuent will be dissolved; he will be compelled to auction it, or incur the odium of stopping the vhccls of government; having once got it upon 1 he country, they can easily overcome the scru-1 des of the squeamish, and get thc:n to go for the I amc provisions in the big tariff, for they underhand well the influence of discipline. If they ouhl have scared Mr. Tyler into the sanction f the littic taxhF, they could by the same proess have scared him iri'o the sanction of the ig one, but he headed them, and he has now ( nly to continue firm, and he has got tliein headd lor good and all. The country will not toleate such proceedings, and many of those men rill find themselves rebuked tor their course rhen they return to their constituents. The ipople arc carried a great way by parly feelings, 1 11 tunes of high excitement, but they will grow 00!, and will not. sustain reckless and unprinci-! .1?1 ? i:?i'-->?w. ?-!,rv manifest a nerfect willing-! H.U rmu.?.-, , ions to sacrifice the whole country, rather than lil in their schemes. Correspondence of the Courier. WASHINGTON, JULY 16. The Revenue TariJf'ti.W has ju.it passed the louse. It was in extreme danger of defeat.? ^s late as 3 o'clock, this evening, it was doubtul whether it would pass at all. The Whig" riends of the tobacco interestheld the balance' sit was thought. The retaliatory duties in( iivor of tobacco were adopted in Committee yes-; enlay, but to-day they were rejected in the louse. The tobacco interest was indignant, nd threatened to abandon tire measure?when he yeas and nays were taken on the engrossnent of the Bill, there was much doubt as to the esult. The House was in a state of feverish nxieiy. After the call, some members crowdd about the clerk's desk to obtain the result heore it was announced. They were loudly called o order from all parts of the House. It soon loised about, however, that the vote was a close ne. Before the annunciation, and after the reading vcr of the names, the members heave aright to e caiiod, and to vote as lliey please. At this omen!. .Mr. Trinlott. of Kv- arose, and wishing a bo called, voted in the affirmative?he had rcvionsiy voted in the negative. Air. Craven, 1' Va., changed his vote in Jike manner. The fact was, that the vote as taken at first, rasa lie, yeas 113, nays 113. The change of wo votes made the result, yeas 115, nays 111. Air. Gentry then moved to recommit the bill, rith instructions to insert his project for assuinig certain State debts. The previous question ras ordered, and cut it ofF. The Bill then passed, yeas 110, nays 112. So he majority on this important measure is only mr in the House. Air. Camphei], of S. C. moved, if I understand , to change the title of the biil, so as to call it a ill tax of the people for the protection of ruanuicturers; but it was rejected." The vote on the bill shews, as it appears to rnc, aat it will be exceedingly difficult to pass any ievenue Bill, should tin: President veto this one. Not. a single Democrat voted for it, so far,-as I an leani, except Air. I'arinentcr, of Alass. -V Some important alterations were made' iix the" iil to-day. The Tea ami Coilee tax werostricivii out. The warehouse system was stricken ut. The dutiesNin coarse wool were increased, 'he duty of three centra lbs on imported foreign ' otton was s-riehen out as a humbug, because it as not desired for protection, and could he oi no enelit to the revenue. In the Senate, to-day, Mr. Smith, of Ind., re# * # . v * m 11 i isscjaMCrx.mgj-jj - ? ? a?Eg?*"1 MTted a bill to graht lands to institutions, for the i fo benefit of the deaf and dumb, of the blind, the in- pi sane, &.c, accompanied with a long and able ar- w gumentative report. w Some private bills were then considered dur-; e: ing the rest of the day. t. j tli The Secretary of the Treasury has been, and in still is, quite jjfakl learn that hc'is better to-day. | to lie had the plcpiysy, it is said. lie is a rpstric- I ii: tive man, andatne would think that the anxieties i ti< of his situation, undpr present circumstances, I v< would be extreuieTyShfavorable to bis health. a ' * :^ASHI.\GTOX, JULY 18. di T'le principataYida very important piece ot in leingence mac we nave, ro-uay, is uie prepaidtion of a new revenue bill by the Judiciary Committee. To that Committee was referred, at the instance of the Commit tee of Finance, the letter of the Secretary of the Treasury on the subject ti< of the present collection laws. The Committee h: on the Judiciary the Chairman of which is Mr.. h< Barnard, of New-York, to-day, made an attempt 01 to present a report. It was not in order at the ol lime. But I understand that the bill is one that tl may unite a strong support. It purports to bejti explanatory of the existing laws for the collec-j tl tion of duties shall be tlO per cent, and levied i A upon the valuation fixed by the 13th section of: si tli i act of 163'J, until otherwise provided by law.' si The report cannot be made till Thursday, with- j pi out a vote two-thirds. Should the scheme bejil adopted by Congress, it will put an end to the di whole controversy for some months at least, and a] probably tilhhe next Congress. V. si The new revenue tariff bill was read by its ti- ti tie to-day in the Senate and referred to the Committee on Finance. f< Mr. Preston gave notice of a joint resolution ( I to provide for the payments 011 account of the t j extinguishment of land titlcs*out of the proceeds t of the public lands. I a .Mr. Benton bortight up his motion for leave to j f introduce a bill to repeal the Bankrupt act.? ' s Some weeks ago, Mr. Benton ottered the samc'f motion, but it was decided that, inasmuch as the j li same hill had passed the House and been reject-, 11 ed by the Senate, it could not bo received in the 1 0 Senate, without a vote of two thirds. j 1 Mr. Benton made a very strong argument a-; r gainst the Bankrupt act, both oil the score ot con-1 li stitutionaiity and expediency. t Mr. Berrien briefly replied, showing that the t same views had been previously met, and the c I question was taken and resulted in a vote of t>l [11.-. 01 'Piir?rf> not heinii'two thirds, the motion c Was lost. t The Bill for the armed occupations of Florida s was taken tip, discussed and passed by a vote ol f. S'ito'iO. The following were l!ie remarks of 1 Mr. Holmes ofS. C. oil the occasion. a "Mr. I lolmss thbught the system proposed in 1 this bill was the best that could be adopted.? u history ol' the Florida war was reiuarkahic, | I and the whole story had yet to be told. Tiic In-! a dians alone, be did not believe, could have retained posrj cssion ol the Terilory, in opposition to the 1 s military force of the United States, lor six months, c fie b dieted there were pirates and marauders s from the coast, who could live in the swamps.? t It was their advantage to do so, and to proloifg s the war, on account of the traffic they carried j s on with the Indians in ammunition, provisions,' f &e. contcned that, in a financial point of view, t it was best to give away a part of the Govern- |; meiit land, in order to secure the rest. By the v armed occupation, the capitalist and the true la- b [ borer would be protected. JIc related an anoc- ti dote of h Vaukec in Vermont, who owned a large ' body of land, and oflercd to give every alternate I) thousand of acres to any man who should come and i tl settle it with bis force and capital. Generous as 1 a it seemed at first, it was, in the end, far from be-1 tc inga gift. The seed sown scattered, and pro-' n duced fruit sixty fold. The same policy should : r< be adopted by the Government in relation to Florida. "A war with Mexico bad been alluded to; and, >S as much as they affected to despise if, it would be one of the most serious events that could happen. Mexico could not march an army to invade us, but she couid fit out or commission privateers; and then this Territory would be of vast importance. lie dwelt on this subject some time, and rc then pointed out the consequence of a war with it a greater power?Great Britain: who could tell, tl butone of lirst acts, after a declaration of war at would be to pour an armed force into this Terri- le tory from Cuba and Jamaica??and then, if the w northern men came down '.o'tliat scene of conflict, ai they would find it occupied by men who, unlike w themselves, were accustomed to the beat of an cc African sun. It became this Government then, 1} to put that Territory under some secure regulations." tc WASHINGTON, JULY 19. in The weather is exceedingly hot just now.? 1,1 Congress is dull etiough. Many members have left the city, and some without the intention of returning, "it is difficult and rare to obtain a quorum in either House. The people every where , are impatient of the delays in business. Yet ' there is, at this moment, lass prospect than ever 1 ! of the adoption of any permanent and proper sys- "j tern of revenue. Some few of the whigs may be 111 disposed to give wav and drop the distribution to < ? .i 1 c . m'..luv i,,t.? ???,w | as ior LliU SclKtJ UI (I latin, uiii timm iiuiuw^j nut ? %#* > lie sufficient It lias been reported that Mr. ?! Tallmadge would yield his partiality for the dis- ?! tribution clause to the necessity of a tariff, but tb ?J day it is denied by some of his friends. I do not ?' sec any probability that the whigs will assent to i !n any scheme of revenue unconnected with distri-; m bution. |n< The Judiciary Committee will report their1 ar declaratory Tariff on Thursday. There is even a doubt, 1 lind, whether t ie riouse win pass mis ) bill though it contemplates distribution and con- > Sl forms with the Compromise Act. Should it pass it will be the only action on the rn subject at this session. In the Senate, to-day, Mr. Preston introduced (c his joint resolution to provide that the moneys j paid to extinguish Indian titles to lands shall "be , reimbursed to the Treasury from the sale of said lands. This subject will probably be considered . to-morrow. The Senate passed a bill to carry into execution a resolution of the Continental Congress to erect monuments to the memory of j '! General Francis Nash and General William Da- J?' vidson. j n Many private bills were acted on. Tn the nc House, .Mr. Casey, of Illinois, asked leave to offer i>jj| a joint rcsoluKjni for the adjournment of Con- 1 gress, sine die, on the 1st day of August next | Among those who objected to and opposed the u resolution. was .Mr. Fillmore, who remarked that I nllkiin k.i..;?oc5 ivna not i,?r? condif toii to ren- I UIW, i/uoiiiw w der'absolution for adjournment proper, at this . time. Mr. Casey persisted and moved to suspend ' n therylcs, which was lost?yeas til, nays 84. in The House proceeded to the consideration of j the Territorial bills The bill for the armed oc-,1 IV cupation of Florida was passed. There is still eoine talk about a war with Mexico. Some supposeM^ Mexico will take so hostile a course as to rooner it inevitable. Mr. tc Holmes, of S. C., in remarking on this subject yeaterbay, said that a war with Mexico would be cc w . ij und to be no trifling affair. Mexico was im-V egnable, jmpenetrable to us. There wa%go t ay in which We could Jo her any greatSogHK'* ithout an invasion, which would prove fo &#a?n cpensive and hazardous enterprize. But,', wf" le other hand, Mexico could cut up our comerce by granting letters of marque and repriifrl i i picaroops and freebooters of all nations. He sistcoopon the passage of the armed occupann bill for the reason, in part, that it might prc;nt the occupation of the inlets on the Florida last by pirates, privateers men, or black incenr arics from the West Indies. IIIE-UNITED STATES AND MEXICO. ^.TJUNSLATION.l.fc Nalion.il Palace, Mexico, Mup&l, 1842. The undersigned, Minister of Foreign Rela- * ons and Government of the Mexican Republic,' id tha honor a few days since to addnSe the inorable Secretary of State of the U, States, in der to protest formally against the Government rthat Republic, in the name of his Excellency ic Provisional President, on account of theconnual hostilities and aggressions of citizens of ic United States against the Mexican territory, nd although he might hope for a flattering relit in the change of proceedings, he finds him ;lf, in a consequence of continuation of those rocccdings, under the necessity of again calling le attention of the Secretary of State to the uneniable toleration which has been and is still (Forded to the enemies of a nation bound by the demn compacts of a treaty *which unites the ? .vo Republics. In that note, the undersigned, after setting bejre the Secretary-the prudence with which the ' Jovcrnment of Mexico has sought, ever since he commencement of the revofu'ion of Texas, 0 conduct, all its relations with the U. States so s to avoid a rupture between two nations, which, roin their importance, an A other serious con- * iderations, seemed irestined to fix the policy and* he lot ofthe vast and rich continent of America, ie flattered himself with the ideaSihat the 4fcibi- , ict of Washington would not protect, either iponly or secretly, or itwtny way, the sraindalous isurpntiorw&fsan acknowledged portion of'the mlional territory. lie, however, regrets, that ie must judge from facts, open to all thej world hat the very Cabinet of the lT?ited St|j^B, and lie subaltern and local authorities, do observe a oiiduct openly aUyarience with the most sacred irinciples of the law oLujJons, and the solemn ompacis of amity existing between the two na- . ions: sufficient, proof being afforded by the conent given td^ifeTorma|i?n?Jbf the most tumultous public'JHronldieirin various parts of the Jnited States tifemselvesr to the equipment of rmamonts, and the embarkation of volunteers in rirge bodies, andpD the preparation and disposal f every thing calculated to contribute to aid the , Pexiau?, aha tot ho invasion of a neighboring- * ml friendly Republic. The Mexican Government cannot understand iich conduct, and being itself frank in its proecditigs, and animated at the same.Jjine by a ineere desire that the relations nowj^sttng bewcen this Republic and the LTunite3 States liould not suffer slightest alteration, itcouiders itself boanOtt duty to repeat with every u.i.inuu no ouui (.wjcittion, the continuance of which it will regard as a lositive act of hostility against this Republic, i rhich will regulate the conduct to be observed*?^ y it agreeably to the dictates of justice and toljMP lie interests and dignity: of the nation. The undersigned hopes that the Secretary.will e pleased to reply with that promptness which le importance of the subject requires, and he vails himself with pleasure of this opportunity^ > repeat to that gentleman the assurance of Jbjflfii lost distinguished,consideration,'with which ? ;iuains, &c. J. MARIA DE BOCANEGRA, To the Hon. Daniel Webster, 'ccrclary of Slate rf the U. States of America. Mr. Webster to Mr. Thompson. Department ofState, > Washington, July Bl, 1842. $ Sir.: After writing to you on the 18th inst. I tceived through the 6nnio channel as the forler, .Mr. de Bocanegra's second letter, and at icsanie time your despatch of the Gth of June, id your private letter of the 21st. This last itter of Air. de Bocajiegra was written as you ill see, before it wasjpossiblc for him to expect ;i answer to his first, which answer is now f'ornrded, and shows 'he groundless nature'of the implaints of .Mexico. The letter itself is high exceptionable and offensive. If immltpR violations of honor and orood faith ?the Government of the United States, not only i the most unjust but in the most dfldecorous miner. idfop have not spoke of it in terms too rong in ya& circular to the members of the plomatic corps. On the receipt of this, yoif will write a^pgjto. fr. de Bocancgra, in which-jfolrw'ill sa\t^fW$.t e Secretary ofState of thl^Jfiiited States^SSn c9th of July, received his letter of the 31st of fay; that the President of the IT. S, considers ic language and tone of that letter derogatory the character of the U. S, and highly offensive, (it imputes to their Government a direct breach faith; and that he directs no other answer be vento it than the declaration that the conduct the Government of the United States, in reird to the war between Mexico and Texas havg been always hitherto governed by a strict and lpartial regard to its neutral obligations, will )t be changed or altered in any respect or in iy degree. If for this the Government of Mexi> shall see fit to change the relations at present cisting between the t;vo countries, the responbility remains with herself. 1 am, sir, your obedient servant. DANIEL WE13STER. o Waddy Thompson, Esq. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo* nliary of the United States, Mexico. ?j?bom Florida.?By the arrival yesterday of e'U. S. steamer Neirbern, Capt. AIcNulty, we ive intelligence of a late date from Florida.? Iicre is, however, no Indian news of iinporucc. A Correspondent, writing from Fort Fanno-, under date of July 12'li, says:?"Nothing am Ocllachcc and the Creeks, and we hear of > depredations. It is understood, however, that alters wear a favorable aspect, llalleek and s party leave Cedar Keys lor Arkansas in four Jive days, together with some tweuty-four arriors and forty women and children.Sai\ RepvbWan. "Well, Mr* , how is?vottr wife is rnonline?" inquired a physician one orning of his acquainlcnce. ".She's n ? better, I thank you, doctor!" as the rpjily. , m - 'Mike, nhfl isil yourself that can be y r tcilmg' nic hotv they make ire creams? 'In iriuh I can: <g> tli^ not bake them in ivvJd ovens to be'sure?' "X ' J