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CP?MM?I???] REMARKS OF MR. CALHOUN, In the United, States Senate, in reply tor Mr. Clay, on the resolution of Mr. day, I that the Independent Treasury Act I *lought to he forthwith repealed, and that . the Committee on Finance be instructed \ to report a bill accordingly. \ The Resolution having been advocated by Mr. Clay, and opposed by Mr. Wright, j of New York, < Mr. CALHOUN said he had supposed ? that the party about to come into power, i would have been content witii tneir cieci- i sive victory, and that the business of the i sessicn would be allowed to goon quietly, I without calling up any of the exciting to- i pics that entered into the late canvass, or < anticipating the measures belonging pro- i perly to the coming administration. The < country has just passed through one of the i most exciting canvasses it ever had, and i it is time it should have repose; and h?, < for one, had determined, if it should not, ? it would not be his fault. Without adver- < ting to the past, he had made up his mind t to wait and form no opinion till General \ Harrison had assumed his high and re- t sponsible office, and developed the prin- t ciples and policy on which he intended to < administer the Government, in an official ^ and responsible form. If he should, in [ good faith, by practice as well as profes- r sion, adopt the course which the Senator | * " v 4 ' hno occiirp/] tic irom iveniuutvy [Jir? \-/i<ivj nao uo^\<> v? m>/ t he would?if his administration shall be f one of retrenchment and economy, deep j and thorough, for they are both much f needed; if it shall be opposed to a national t debt, tunded or unfunded; if against the c improper extension of Executive patron- v age as the means of rewardiag mere par- t tizan service; and if, finally, as intimated a in the canvass, by the distinguished Senator from Massachusetts, {Mr. Webster,] ? it should be conducted on the good old J but much derided doctrines of Jefferson, r it should not only have his approbation, 0 but his cordial and hearty support, not- u withstanding his objections to the means v by which his election was secured.?But s he would rather have these declarations ( officially from General Harrison himself, ( than from the honorable Senatoi, liowe- h ver high his authority might be consider- ? ed. I (said Mr. Calhoun) never have play- 0 ed, and never intend to play the game of t in and out in politics. It is unsuited to p the nature of our Government, and un- c * .L. L!?L , becoming those invested wun me wgu u and sacred trust of administering it. His ti course was immovably made up. He G would give the coming Administration f, his support in all measures which his h judgment approved, and opposition to all which it disapproved; and, if he was s found in systematic opposition, it would a be because of systematic departure from w the principles and policy which he believ- fr ed to be essential to the prosperity and w liberty of the Union. t] With these views, he could not, with' s] the Senator of N. Y., regard with plea- w atrre the introduction of this resolution.? On the contrary, he regarded it with re- fr gret, because it was calculated to keep up ti the excitement of the late canvass, and a; prevent the repose which naturally fol- a, lows the deep agitation through which ti the country has just passed, and which is si nscessary to that calm review, without p; which it is impossible to correct past er- ti rors, and turn them to profitable account la in future. Let the people have an inter- in val of eight or nine months, from the e; end of this session to the commencement w of the next, to think over calmly, and de- g; liberately the past, and the course that a( ought to be taken hereafter, and much ti profit will result to the-country. Viewed ar in this light, lie not only regretted the in- sa troduction of the resolution, but the ai ground on which the Senator pots the re- fa peal of the measure contemplated. He c< assumes the ground that the people had b< decided against the Sub Treasury in the tli late election. He (Mr. Calhoun) doub- fried the fact. The election decided no- st thing but that Gen. Harrison should be ei elected President for the next term; and h ko on torprt hi* solemn nrotest a gainst the is attempt to make any other inference the H basis of our official action; and in doing la so, he took the ground taken by the Sen- m atorand those with whom he acted, when di it was attempted to construe in a similar & manner, a former election to have decided ' h against the renewal of the charter of the T United States Bank, and in favor of cer- ai tain measures to which he was opposed, tl He (Mr. Calhoun) regarded every attempt w at such inference to be dangerous and un- si constitutional. No one had a higher re- ir gard for the voice of the people than he a had; but he could only recognise it, in w his official acts, when pionounced through h its proper organ, and on the subject, and tl to the extent only, which the Constitution C made it binding. Thus thinking, he ti bowed in obedience to their voice, utter- ii ed in the late election, that Gen. Ilarri- v son should be the next President, but to n that extent only could lie here, in this a place as Senator, recognise it. o It is not only ajpinst the genius of our li system to extend it further, but idle to at- v tempt to extend it to the measure the Sen- s ator has. Who is there that does not t know that in the late canvass the great is- s sue?who should he President?depended til ft lliAitcnn/l nllio^o n?.l !.. 1? ? ? (Ill a mvuwuu V.nv.ni "Iirvi Uilll muii cci, 11 of which the Sub-Treasury was hut one?|:i "Who does not remember that the imputed h extravagance of the Administration, the r report of one of the Secretaries on the t militia question, Mooe's case, and innu- t merable other objections, were made to J the present incumbent, as well as countless J numbers urged in favor of bis oponent, in addition to the Sub-Treasury??They : ed by liim lo be wholly immaterial? Why not allow the measure to go on quietly until he and his party come into power, and then they cotild act deliberately on the subject, and not only repeal a measure they consider so obnoxious, but also present their substitute, so as to afford the community a fair opportunity of deciding between them? But be the practice under it what it may, the difference between the two state of things, that now exists and that which would, if the measure rvrnnnoa,! k., ,k:? .ocjnlinn should he adoO must all have been supposed to influence j ibe result, or surely they would not have ! been so zealously and incessantly urged by those who advocated the claims of the buccessful candidate. IIow then, can genslemen now turn round, and tell us that/ ihcre was but a single question at issue, | Land that question the Sub-Treasury? But he, Sir. C. desired to speak with perfect candor. Though he by no means considered it certain, yet there was reason to fear that a majority of the oommunily was opposed to that highly important measure. If such should turn out to be die fact, he would regret it profoundly; but are gentlemen certain that there is a majority in favor of any alternative measure that can be presented, and that there i s not a majority in its favor, against any I such alternative? That is the point. Let i me tell gentlemen, when they come to i :he real question?not only whether the I Sub-Treasury shall be repealed, but what I shall be substituted, they will not find so j ;asy a victory as they expect. That is < he question which you must meet, and it 1 vill be in vain to attempt to elude it. As ] o one of the only two possible alterna . . i __j < ives?he refered to tne repuuiateu aim :ondemned pet bank system?which the i gentlemen hnd so justly denounced so far < >ack as 1834, on the question of the re- s nova! of the deposites, as the most fal* t acious, rickety, and corrupt system s vhich could be adopted, which they pro- i >hesied, and truly prophesied, would ex- | dodeand blow up its authors, he took it ? or granted that there was no danger of < hat being imposed on the country by the :oming administration. He trusted that \ vould not be the result of all the late agi- \ ation, and the decided victory they had t ichieved. s As to the other alternative?a National 1 Jank?heweuldnotgo into that now.? | t will be time enough, after General Har- ( ison comes in, and recommends it to c iur adoption, if with his constitutional r ibjections, he ever should. But come s vhen that time might, if it ever should, he r hould stand up and resist it with every c acuity, tindallthe energy with which na- f ure had bestowed on hin; for, as he lived, t " 1?' ~ r\r\ tirM/iK ? lVn(inn<ll I C UfilOCU HIV XAUJT v/?l IIIIIVII ?* i.?u?iw>? lank shall be established, with a capital c f fifty cr a hundred millions, and twen- 1 y years" duration, and with power and c privileges sufficient to control the currenyand business of the country, would be be end of our liberty, and would as effecually create a sovereign power, as if leneral Harrison were elected President ir life; with the right of succession in a is descendants, and even more so. f To either of these, the much abused t ub-Treasury will be found to be the only 4 1 ternative; condemned and villified as it c as, the country, if it desired to preserve s free institutions, must come to it; nor t as it less for the advantage of the banks T lemselves, than the country, that it s liould. Yes, for the banks, he knew t 'hat tie said; he weighed every word.? d (e regarded those the greatest enemies, s i reality, to the banks, however kind u leir intention, who would force them o gain into a union with the Government, ti gainst the deep conviction of the injus- J ce, impolicy and unconstitutionality of n jell union, of a powerful and determined o arty, Hot much inferior in numbers than, >eir oDDonents, if tested even by the n te election; for, however strong the vote i favor of Gen. Harrison, it did not much tl tcced one hundred thousand out of up- w ards of two millions of votes. If, a- tl linst the fixed opinion of this powerful rr solute party, the coining Administra- h on should force a reunion between bank a ul Government, they would, at the p ime time, force them into the political s< cna of party conflict, which could not fi il to overthrow the whole system in its d invulsive moments. He warned the v inks, and those invested in them, against n ie fatal tendency of their indiscreet si iends, who would, under such circumances, force the reunion. He was no fi tiemy to the existing banks, while he I ad no confidence in the system as it ex- h ted in this country and Great Britain.? tl [e believed that banks of issue and circu- tl ition were founded on a mistake, and c mst run down, by their own inherent fi efects, against every effort to stay their a escent, and had long thought so; but i i l ..1 r e uiuuu iiu >vai w 11 mem, anu never nau. ^ 'hey were running down of themselves, e ccording to his impression, too fast for h le'good of the country, and his policy as to retard, and not accelerate their de- d lent. He acted on the same principle S 1 1834, when the deposits were removed; C nd in obdience to it, urged a course, dtich, if it had been adopted, would ave saved the country and banks from ie disasters whiclt have since followed. In the same principle he acted at the ex- i1 ra session in 1837, and had ever since, A t advocating the seperation of the Go- d ernment from ike banks, as the only e leans of extricating them from politics, ii nd leaving ihpm quietly to be reformed a r run out, under the action of an en- f ightencd and calm public opinion, lie t tas, and ever had been, averse to all ? udden and forced measures in reference t o the currency, even as applied to our r ystcm, as bad as he believed it to be. In addition to the supposed condem- t lation oi the suu-i reasury oy me people i 1 the late election, the Senator urged i mother reason for its repeal, that it would ( r>ake no practical change- He says that 1 he practice under the existing law is, in ? eality, the same as it was before its pas- ( .age, and would be after the repeal. If 1 so, why, then, this haste to repeal it? ( Why agitate the country, so anxiously c seeking repose, on a subject acknowledge t J" v>|/wgu\| KJ J bills | COW w ?? r ted, is far, very far, from being so immaterial as the Senator seems to suppose? The Sub-Treasury, as established by law, be it wise or not, is, at all events, legal and constitutional. No one can deny that; but should the Senator's resolution succeed, and the act be repealed, he would restore the stale of things which he, and those with whom he has acted, have contended, for these three years, to be illegal and unconstitutional, and which placed the control over the public money wholly under the discretion of the Executive! Is that nothing? As to the practic. if it be such as the Senator supposes, he (Mr. Calhoun) held t directly contrary to law, and that the jfficer who had dared to practise it, deleaved punishment and explosion from ofice. If the Senator desired to pursue tne subject, and would move a resolution to iscertain the facts, it should have his sup>ort. He would be the last to protect >nv nfficpr hicrh nr Iiiib. in the violation ...J ?.?V., ?6" - ? )f law. He had 6aid more than he intended vhen he rose, but would not take his seat vithout again entreating the gentlemen on he other side not to force on a controversy at this time. The people of the U. S. lad eleted General Harrison, whether by iroper or improper means, was not a question for him. He acquiesced in the [ecision, and wished to see the excitenent, which accompanied the contest, subside. He was prepared to give his adninistration a fair trial, as he would any >ther constitutionally elected by the people. He should watch it with a vigilant >ye, but with no disposition to oppose, inless its measures should force him into ipposition, in defence of what he betn tin th? wptfnrp pnit lihpritr lif lhf> i ,v" j j :ountry. ( FLORIDA. j Office of thf. Herald, ) , St. Augustine, Jan. 18, 1S41. ) ( Our news from the interior amounts t ( letter received by an officer from ano- { her officer at Fort King, which states that here is a report that Tigei* Tail and 30 or .0 Tallahassees had gone in at Fort Fanling. ^ Every depredation committed west of } he Suwannee is said to be committed by 1 Piger Tail's party, though there is no 1 hadow of evidence of his having been in 1 hat quarter for years past. Every depre- * ation committed in this neighborhood is aid to be committed by Wild Cat's party, J rhich is sometimes true, as this adventur- * us gentleman is well known, and every ^ rouble at the south is occasioned by Sam ^ ones' party, though the old fisherman i * lay be as ignorant of it as that par value 1" ignorant folks, the man in the moon. ' Tiger Tail among the Indians corres* 3 onds as a name with our "John Smith" -there are many who rejoice in it; and 1 ie same may be said of other cognomens, 1 'hich had created much confusion; but * ie truth is, the remnants of tribes re- * mining are without leaders. Their old ead men having been shipped to the west, ^ nd having little confidence in the more J rominent warriors left behind, they are k mattered about in little communities of ? om two to five families, acting indepenently and never united, unless it is con- 1 enient to form a small war party, and 1 take an inroad for a fortnight into the ' ettlements. We are exceedingly anxious to hear J om Col. Harney's second expedition.? ' Fnfortunately the Indians who escaped 1 im before, have sounded the alarm, and ' lie large party about Sam Jones, may eilier concentrate in a dangerous ambus- ' ade, for which the country offers so many 1 lcililics, or they may retire to too great distance for a small force to follow them. Had the ardent military enthusiasm of 1 Fol.Harney been moregeneral, the bleach- 1 .1 I? - ? TV, mma.irl would not ' U uuiica \J I JL/aug a ..... ave not lain five years unrevenged. The steamer Wra, Gaston, Captain Bar- 1 en, proceeded South on Sunday morning, ichr. Stephen and Francis, Magee, from Charleston arrived on Friday. j From the same, ^ St. Augustine, Jan. 22, 1841. 1 Since writing you on the 18th, our only 1 utelligence from the interior is, that Gen. < Lrmstead has issued orders that the In- l ians shall not be molesfed. Yes, a Gen- < ral commanding 4500 regulars, compris- t ng the most efficient and best favored i rmy the United States ever had in the i ield, and Bert to Florida not to protect t he inhabitants, (but is allotted to the , 'olunteers under Gen. Reid,) but to whip { he enemy, has issued orders that this ene- ( ny shall not be molested! And why? Because a few Indians have front time o time come in, pretending friendly intcnions, and stuting that the fear of being ' nterrupted by the scouts prevented others rom coming. What can be more puerile? f the Indians were serious, what difler:nce could it make to them whether they J ell into the hands of one party of regu- J ars or another, so long as they were treat- 1 :d alike bv all? And recollect too, this ' rnler comes from the same General whol' i few days ago, wrote a Idler to the Sec- t retary of War, charging the Seminoles ! with all sons of duplicity and Carthagenian perfidy. I thought the charge at the time rather "small beer" business, (for who would ever trust an Indian beyond . security held for the performance,) but by what process has good faith been infused into them now? I might write you a deal about Tiger , Tail, Wild Cat, and their relations, who , come in at the posts, but you can better , get such information from the northern papers, which, if not more knowing than ] ourselvt-s upon proceedings in Florida, are a heap more gullible?our eyes are by every northern mail quite delighted by sentiments of events that, to the best of , our knowledge, never occurred. j Office of the News, ) I St. Augustine, Jan. 22?7 A. M. \ From an authentic source at Tampa Bay, under date of the 24th December, we learn that, on the 19th, an Indian come in with the white flag, bringing with him two of his children, which he left as an evidence of the sincerity by which he was influenced, and went out to bring in the balance of his connections. After bringing them in, he is to go in pursuit of Coacoochee, or Wild Cat, whom he says he feels pretty sure he can induce to come in also. This Indian gave information of a party of 13 negroes and 3 Indians being etsablished on the Withlachoochee; that they have been there for some time; men tioning that several of the negroes were t slaves of Col. Humphreys; \ Holatoochee, the principal chief of the s Delegation from Arkansas, has been some * lime at Sarah Sotah Bay, about 60 miles t to the S. E. of Tampa, awaiting the arri- c val of the Seminoles, who are expected r in, as three of the Delegates have been <3 some time in search of them, and had succeeded in collecting between 50 and 60, t who were ready to come in and converse ii with him on the subject of emigration, b jut, learning that a body of troops were p tpproaching the point where they were c :ollected, they took the alarm and dis- p persed themselves into the woods again; l ind, it is expected, by the 4th of January a ihey will be all in at Sarah Sotah, when j he Delegation will meetthem. One of the g Delegation went after Echo Emathla, the n ;hief of the Tallahassees, who was his jj lephew, who, finding the old man, brought n lim in to Fort No. 4, near Cedar Keys, ? with all his family and some other In- t, lians; The old chief is sending out for j, he balance of the tribe, and declares himifjf ucillincT to pmicrrate. St. Augustine, Jan. 22. * More Glorious News!!?The schooner f Prances, Capt. Cooper, arrived this morn- <= ng, bringing the glorious news of addi- n ional success in the capture and destrnc- t( ion of the enemy South. On the 6th, P 3ol. Harney captured and killed in the 81 ivergludes, 12 Indians. On the 10th, at hi ndinn River, the command under Major 8> 2hilds, Lieuts. Taylor, Steptoe, Van c< /diet, and Dr. Simmons, captured 34 In- ?< lians and negroes, killing 4. On the 11th, ? >n the St. Johns, Lieuts. Taylor and Van VIeit captured 5 Indians, killing 1. Col. d Jarney had to return for additional force, t( md is again in pursuit of the enemy. F The news from the South is truly cheer- si ng; the successes of Col. Harney, and ii he prompt and gallunt conduct of Major w 3hilds, and officers of 3d Artillery, are sj intitled to all praise. Major Child? is a w >rave officer, and already distinguished b or good conduct at Fort Drane. We say al Sod speed such men as are operating n South; they have large claims upon the c jratitude of the country.?News. b On the 7th inst, Gen. Read captured h hree squaws, one Indian lad, and a war- a ior, and two negro boys, near the Suwa lee. n The warrior, though chained, and his 01 lands tied, escaped in the night, while w lis guard was asleep, and by giving alarm o ihe neighboring camps has, we fear, pi rustrated the object of the expedition. Col. Harney possesses the only patent T ight for securing the Indians?he does ai lot tie them by the leg; but by the neck, p Herald. c Cel. Dancy was at Fort Franke Brooke p, in the 31th with his command ?all well p ind in good spirits. It was intended to p lirect their course homewards in about ^ en days?scouting the country as they re- ;r urn.?Ibid. B ? G G The Jews.?It is said that within the 0 ast five years the number of Jews in the q Soly Land, has increased from 2,000 to ^ lpwards of 40,000 and that it is still in- m ireasingi The London Society, for the p jonversion of the Jews, have established la i mission at Jerusalem and have built a V hnrrh nnnn IMnnnt Zion. TheV have | Jt radiated the book of common prayer in nto Hebrew, and have a missionary, who k s a converted Jew, stationed there?and M has, after a period of eighteen hundred /cars, the Psalms of David in Hebrew K ire again sung by a Hebrew Christian church on Mount Zion, where they were irst set to music by their inspired author, he "sweet singer of Israel," 3000 years ^ .. 31 *8?- b< gi 2f Very Good.?The Boston Post tells a u itory of a down east militia captain who, >n receiving a note from a lady request- c ng "the pleasure of his company," under- o itood it as a compliment to those under y lis command, and marched the whole of( d< ;hem to the lady's house. H l ^ " * /]' ' ?* ^ I ! ! II mmmmmmrn* ^mm mum^AJLo CAMDEN, 8. CAROLINA. WEDNESDAY MORNING, FEB, 3i 1841? D* The Rev. William Carlisle has kindly offer. 3d to act as agent in collecting accounts due this Office, in this and the neighboring Districts, and i* authorized to receipt for the same. The Rev. A. Peueifoy is also authorized to collect and receipt for money due us. We do not remember a period since the commencenentof our editorial carmr _l:-i ?t\ 1 -u muui our lucaingv papers have been so barren, or afforded lew matter of nterest, than at tho present moment. It has usually >een the case at this season of the year, when Coo. rress was in session, and most of the State L?gitfs urea still in fall blase, or bat recently adjourned^ thai he corps editorial had sufficient matter on Band to cecp their pens engaged for no small length of time, ["be Legislature during its last session, however, >asecd so small a number of laws, and so few of hese deserving censure, and the remainder so mw vorthy of praise, that by common consent, as it vere, the press have had bnt little to say on the? iubj?ct. Congress b not likely to subject itself to eproach for over-legislation; a few more such sen. lions as the present one will, in all probability, prove* o be, and the Globe, so far as Congress is concerned,, nay doff i*s motto of "the world is governed too nuch." These words have been so long at tho mast lead of the government paper, that it possibly may lave had its influence in producing the barrenness vhich is likely to mark the proceedings of the preent Congress. The indications are, however, that ve shall be blest, or cursed, with an extra session, indcr the new administration, which is to eome in in the fourth of March, and which will not be so fiu niliar with the motto we bavo quoted, and not such levout believers in its truth, if they were. It seems to be settled that nothing is to be dafiwi. ively acted on before Mr. Van Bcren retires, and it 9 also said that an extra session will be called, probt>ly in May, and that the Sub-Treasury is to be reiealed, the public land question settled by the passage * if the distribution bill; and as the finances of the uvemmcnt are rather embarrassed, in order to reieve it, a permanent debt is to be contracted, and aa I tempt will be made to charter another Bank of the Jnited States. So, that if we can make out a para. ;raph occasionally till the new session of Congress leeta, we shall have sufficient matter to keep us go. ag through the summer months. Until then, we lust wait with patience, and we trust our readers nil exercise a reasonable portion of this commend*, le virtue, when they find the Journal leas interest* ig than they could desire. Mr. J. Orvillb Tatlojl?This gentlemen, so rcll known as tho zealous and eloquent advocate of Jabonal Jbduc&usn, delivered Ins ftrat lecture at Iipford's Hall, on Saturday evening last. We were lorlified to find so small an audience in attendance, > enjoy so rich a treat as the accomplished orator diseased on the occasion. The importance of the lbject, and the high character of the lecturer, should ave commanded a more full and emphatic expreson of the interest which we are sure is felt in this immunity for the improvement of our commdh :hool system, and the general diffusion of the benets of education. On Monday evening, however, our citizens reeemcd their character. A numerous audience atmded on that occasion at the Lecture Room of the 'resbyterian Church, and were delighted and in. xucted, by the playful humor with which the orator itersperscd his lecture, and the zeal and eloquence 'ith which be enforced his views. He submitted & fstem which he thought would suit this State, upon hich we have not leisure at this time to comment, ut which strikes us as containing some very valu. ble hints which may hereafter be useful. We shall otice this system more at length on some future ocasion. When the lecturer had concluded, Major IcWillie, after being called on by Mr. Taylor for is views, responded in on oloquent and appropriate i dress. This ovening (Tuesday,) Mr. Tatlor will deliver is third lecture, of which we cannot now speak, as ir paper goos to press before the hoar at which he ill close. The following School Books have the strong ap oval of Mr. Tavlor: Little Thinker, Ports first and second, by Salem own. Kay's Infant and Primary School Reader id Speller, No. 1. Town's Spelling Book. Kay's rimary School Reader and Definer, No. 2 and 3. hild's Guide, by Merriam. Young Rcador, by Pier, lint. Girls' Reading Book, by Mrs. Sigoumey. oys' Roading Book, by Mrs. Sigourncy. National eader, by Pierpont. Town's Analysis of Deriva. ve Words. These complete the Spelling and Read, ig course. For the Writing course: "Foster's Copy ooks," No. 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7, and 8. Olncy's small ksography for beginners, to be followed by Smith's leography and Atlas, late and improved edition, ilney's History of the United States. Robbin's utlincs of General History. "Firet Lessons in .rithmetic," by Professor Davies. Adams' New Arithmetic. First Lessons in Algebra and Geometry, by rofessor Davies. Brown's Grammar?small and % rge. Civil Policy and Political Economy, by M. Wilson, Esq. Physiology for Children, by Mrs. me Taylor?to be followed by "Lee's Physiology," the higher classes. Uncle Davy's Chemistry?to j followed in the higher schools by Comstock's. [iss Swifl's Philosophy, part 1st and 2d?followed 7 Comstock'a. Mather's Geology. Marsh's Book keeping. Floiuda.?Col. Harney and Major Childs are car., dng on the war in this territory with a spirit and 1 energy, which, if continued, as wo hopo it will must soon put an end to this disastrous and dis. aceful contest. The St. Augustine Neva of the id ultimo, states that on the 8th, Col. Harnst capircd and killed, in the Everglades, 12 Indians. On le lUth, at Indian nver, tho command under Major H1LD8, captured 34 Indians and negroes, killing 4. , n the 14th, at the St. Johns, Lieuts. Tavi-?k anc* an Vliet captured 5 Indians, killing ono. Such jtermined action will aoon bring this protracted ora*, \ a close.