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# . * . * '%f. * w - .v > , *. %?* * - * ' "Vf# m% . y ^*-V f VOLUME V. EDITOR A ND PROPRIETOR. TERM S: If paid within three months, . . ?3 00 II pail within threo months after the close of tho year, .. > > . . 3 50 If paid within twelva months after the close <ff the year, - . >- ' - . 4 00 If u*t paid within that time, C .. . 5 00 Two- new subscribers will be entitled to th paperthe first year for five dollars, paid at th time of subscribing , and five now subscriber foe ten dollars paid at the time of subscribin? No paper to bo discontinued but aVthc optio of the editor till arrearages are paid. A J ve rt isam?Bte not cxceeamg sixteen um1: inserted for one dollar the first time, and fift cents, each subsequent ins ?rtion. Persons sending in advertisements arc rcque? t i.0 specify the number of times they are to h i'lscted; otherwise they wiH be continued til ordered out, and charged accordingly. ( TTho Postage irtfst be Daid 011 allcominu avisos. , From the Farmers Advocate. importing taxui ' Notwithstanding the exhausted conditior to which large portions of land in the Unitei States are reduced we have no doubt tha the time is coming, when every nT? wjl be again brought into successful cultivation The practice has invariably been adoptee by every country, both in Europe and America, while enjoying in abundance th< ^ moans of preserving the fertili y of the soil to pursu j an exhausting course of.culture until productiveness, and. with it, the.rrvan: of its preservation in a great nvmsuro becomes destroyed, and the inhabitants redut ed to a choice between two alternatives.? either by a laborious and expensive process to reclaim their lands, or submit to actim starvation. Then, and not till then, tlx worK of renovation usually commences flow ni tli woul 1 it have been to the interest of tli present inhabitants, had our fore fathers adopted ajudieious system ol cultuM How greatly would th? interest of the next generation be promoted, was the work ol reform now universally commehegj / Bui in this case the guilt incurred by tne pr sent generation is certainly much more reprehensible than that of our fathers.?-Tiiere w$s a time when they were in some me isure excusable; but now, in our day, light is so abundant and so extensively diffused, that ignorance can no longer be-plead, even as the faintest shadow of jus'ification.?The possibility of not only preserving the productiveness ofland, but also of reclaiming such as has been exhausted by bad tillage has been so repeatedly proved, and the var*' 1 ? l"-"" omivlnl'uft or ious means cnat nave uw-u ?... often"recorded, and so extensively publishec through the medium of agricultural journals and they furnished at such 1 jw prices, lha every farmer however reduced his circum stances may be, might avail himself of the improvements that are being made in ogri. cultural throughout the country. Some perhaps may persuade thcmselvci that they are not ahle to afford the mean! necessary to improve their land; buj, this is altogether a delusion. Any person capa ble of directing, and -that lias the means necessarily employed in the operations of * farm, is at the same time in possess on o the means for improving it. That a iarg< capital may greatly-faciiitate the improvement of worn-out land is readily admitted that it is absolutely indispen&ible is a false impression. In confirmation of which, vaj, ious instances might be cited, in which lane considered entirely worthless, lias been re. claimed and brought info a high state of pro. ductivenoss, merely by the simple process of turning under green crops, without the application of a particle of ordinary manure, We w.ll here introduce one or two verv plain casesi showing the facility with which land may beinproveJ; which we find detailec in a letter written back by a gentleman jus returned to Philadelphia, from a recent visi to his friends in N. Carolina, to whom wc are indeb'ed for its perusal. We give therr in the writer's own language. Philadelphia 3rd month I3M 1840. Dear Friend, Soon aficrom return, I applied to a friend who has tlya re. putation of being a skilful agriculturist, foi his advice as relates to the best method o proceeding under your circumstances?In reply is now before me, and I know no hut ter plan than to copy his letter; he says? u My farm having been in a h.'gh statejo improvement fof many years past, I hav< not done any thing in the way of improvinj land by green manures, haying a full suppl from my barnyard for all my wants; I cai however say, when the latter cannot behw to sufficient extent, and where lime or mat is not to be obtained but at too great a cos 1 would look as my chief dependence, ti green crops, Hnd from the experience 1 hav hid, would give a preference to corn for tin purpose, sown broad-oast, say 1 1.2 to ! bushels to the acre, not only on account c tho greater quantity of sachariae' matte contained in the corn stalks, but also on ac count of the greater produce to the acre and the facility of covering it with th plough. I have, myself, made but one ex P periment with green manure alone, bcin <-??. nnrri 11.7 In I K#> nm C! if.f? nf 11 m ntj nPAviill E*>uw,.j - r ? - ? to sowing the grain,?in that instance I pui sued the following course; about the lot of the 5th month, nftcr com planting. prepared the grounJ, and sowed 1 1.2 bus! ids of corn per acre, harrowed it in lengtl wise?then across; the grain was well coi ered, J should however prefer covering v* the plough lightly*when it can be don'' a" harrowed onceto level the groan'*?* l*,er was no rain for several week? t cause the grain to vegetal not ,nore about one tiiif-J came '?' consequence Jl JVD C i . i V CHEF r i i considered it pretty much of-a failure; wh I here was I had ploughed in Avhen in tnsse r.s deep as I could, having first jolled down with a heavy roller; after ploughing in it was again rolled, and so.left until sc ding time, when ihe wheat was sown broa< cast and harrowed in; the land in this ca: was poor, yet a good crop of wheat was c o from it. / e I have known several experiments mac 8 in rrjv neighborhood, similar to the abovi ?* and always with good succ<ns. 1 will mei tion one case directly W the pom': a ne! ?, relation of mine had some poor land c Y his farm, that he said he could do nothip with; it was ? light sandy soil; I propose p" | ;o him to fence off about five acres, andtr U the experiment of improving it by grec manure alone; he laughed at the idea, bi i- at my par:icular request submitted; there suit was as follows: th? first seed sown w* Oats, which grew to th? height of 3 inebe on an average; these were ploughed in, an again sowed in oitts; this crop was abo1 double; the 2nd year, again sowed oats i j the spring?crop pretty good,?ploughe t it in nn I sowed Buckwheat, produced a fir I crop which he cut; then ploughed ti grgund?sowed with wheat and cut a fir j crop.?My wish-was, that he should ha\ continued the experiment for 5 years witi out cropping* but the improvement was s groat, that the temptation to crop could nc ' ho resisted beyond the 2 years. I am d< 1 cidodly of the opinion that poor ground ca 3 bo made good, by green manure only?bt todo this the cropping must be ligtit, unl assis*e t by manure made from the grass* produced?I would prefer (ho Dutton c l' nor;hern corn for sowing, as it sucker more than any other, andj-ipens enrli'T? ' of course would admit of its being ploughe ' in sooner, whicli would give it more time t decompose." The foregoing quotation gives the recorr mendationof my friend which lam full prppar^.'d to. subscribe to. I may now sa that I fool jt lively interest forihe promotin of the pecaniary advancement of my friend in Norm Carolina, as I am very much in clincd to believe, that ".importaut conseqi ences are dependent thereon. JOHN ELLIOT. From the particulars detailed in the fore going extract, it would seem that the lot c ground on which the latter experiment wo made, wns of the poorest sort, as we thin that lots of ground susceptable of cultivatjo incapable of producing oats to. the height < ' three inches on on average is very scarce yet in less than two years, without any an J manure except what was given by ploughin under three crops ofoa;s, and two of ther ' very small, the land was so much improve as to be capable of producing good cropj . _ ' - FOR FARMERS WIVES AND DAUGHTERS. There is a great deul of excellent goo sense in the following passage, which w ' take from an address delivered a short tim 5 since before the Essex Co. Agricultun 5 Society, by Allen Putnam Esq. of Danveri " one of the Representatives of that town.' ' I have a few . words for the farmeri 1 wives. However skilful, industrious, an f prudent your husbands may be, their succes ' in money making depends as much upo ' you as upon them. Economy and skill o ? your part, in turning every thing to the bet accoun', are essen ial to profitable husban ' dry. Perhaps there is scope for study ej ' periments, and improvement in your d( paitmonts All are not equally successfi n the management of the dairy. Poc ' pastures, poor cows, poor cellars, are th f alleged reasons for the difference in results Thrw? things undoubtedly are often th - ?-? ^ ?f onuses of failure lo obtain butler in larg | quantities and of good quality. But may ix ' the fault sometimes lie with the dairy wc 1 man? Is her business so simple as to b 1 always understood ? You begin to suspet 1 t hut I doubt whether sorno of you perfectl ' mastered the art of butter making.?It ma be an ungullant doubt, but listen to the pai ticul irs of one case in point, and then judg r j whether I can help doubting. As state I to me,Jhe facts as these. One of our fai r | niera. the summer before last, employe f I successfully and for short terms each thre 5 dairy woman. Here cows, the pasturi . the cellar, and all the dairy apparatus wet the same?and h jw was the result? Or ,f' obtained seventeen pounds of butter p< 3 tfeek, the second twenty three, and the thii j twenty seven. Sucfi acts should indut y many of you -to vary your processes at 0 noe the results. j Philanthropy, looking forward, sighs i .j consequences which must follow from chai 1 ges that are taking place in the habits at ,j employments of your daughters. Circur L. stances beyond your control have throu ( the healthful spinning wheel, and loom upc 2 j the p le of rubbish in the garret. -Hous< ,f : work- and the dairy do not furnish sulfide ,r employment for the females.?Either mo'< . ! ers or daughters must resort to som?ihir I " I , clso by which tp contribute a sho- e m tt 1 sinnnrtof tho family." It is common ' the case that the daughto4 resort to son g 1 occupation that is no-' sufficiently aciive ar ,s! invigorating T*e needle is ,aking p. ! bloom from r Y of their cheeks and vig( h i from their The evd ,s augment*: I I by that <n?de ?f dress (I ought to use i. harsl<Jr tr?rm) which obstructs the natur t -a~j healthy developument of lungs ar f chests?also by avoiding exposure to tl h ! weather?and a too effeminate reliant J upon the horse, for services which heavt o intended should be rendered by their ow 0 limbs/ The lamentable consequences vv n i not be confined to thorn?children will ii 1 herit the feebleness of their mothers, and ? 'v 4* HER .1 Jl' . # ? ?r tAW,. SOUTH-CAROLINA ' ? at sickly r.'ice will come after us.*-. ?|, Useful as the needle is, and beautiful a it are lis -contributions to our show, I nppoc it to the mother*, J? f<}rbi$ i:s excessive, it e. constant use bv tjje daughters. I entren j-' them as they value the well ?bein?.of the? se children", to give to daughters daily nn< uf thorodjh-jrainuig in the euro and labor n all .household affhirs.?It.- were wel le were -well?well for them and a future, tacb e, that4hey should revive r the arqtiainianci ri. which their rrtoihers"had with the mlikinjE ar Stoot, .tbe garden, and to some extent th? ?n field ??fi)r then bloom would linger, upor ig their checks?health woul J flow in fullei ?d tides through all their veins?they would ac y quire vigor of body an I soundness of mind in that will .contribute to their usefulness anc ut enjoyments when time shall bringthem fc ?- the p aces which you now hold?shall make is them the wives of farmers, and mothers ol js the rising generation. id T * . ^ j(. FROM STUARTS STABLE., ECONOM-Y. in ARTICLES USED IN FOOD FOR HORSES. " ^ - [continued.] Grains, the refuse of breweries, are some. le times given to horses, and are caieo greed i. ly; but it is alleg'-d that, when giv?n conre stantly, and so as to form the bulk of tho corn, they produce rottenness, which I suspect in 10 this case means diease of the liver. They }t are also blamed for producing staggers and founder. n Barley Dust is rather better than corn ?{ dust, but it is filter for catile or swine than horses. ,s Wheat.-?1There is a general prejudice ,r against wheat as horse corn, especially in 9 its raw state: It is supposed to be poison. ~ ous; and without doubt many horses have been destroyed by-it. Horses ent it very 0 greadily, and are almost sure to eat too much, when permi:ted. Fermentation, col* ic, and death are the consequences; but -v these arc easily avoided. The grain seems y difficult to masticate and also difficult to f digest, and the colic produced more readily s by one I'ppy of whoat than by two of the oa:s, but it is sometimes given in quantities * not exceeding four pounds per day, and that divided among five feeds. Given in this quantity and in this way, it does no '- harm that any other corn will not Jo; and 5 it appears perfectly to supply the place of l, the oats which are withheld for it. For every four pounds of wheat? four pounds, n. or nearly four and a half, may be deducted from the ordinary allowance of oais. j S i'l, unless tho use of good wheat ren' Hers the feeding cheaper, I do not see that Jj it has any good property to recommend it. If a stone of wheat can be bought for less money than a stone of oats or beans, it may form a part of the corn, using it at first very sparingly, and not exceeding the d quantity I mention, four pounds per day.? e A larger quantity ma}' be tried on two or e three horses, but as I have not seen it tried il to a greater extent, I cannot tell what might 8> be the result. V dfc Wheat should never be given alone.? j' ChuiT, straw-chaff* is best, serves to divide (j jt, and ensures complo mastication. The iS wheat mixes better with the chaff when it n is flattened with a pair of rollers. n Boiled wheat is in common use. It is it boiled in with beans and chaff, and generic ally.forms the last feed, or the lust but one, [. at night. It soon gets sour, and makes the mangers of wood very foul. No more j) should be boiled nor given than will be r consumed before next morning. It should I ? tn n Inlltr Ir ehniiM nlwaVs 0 IIUI uc uuiicu iu ? ?v? vbe m xed with chaff. * e The Husk of Wheat is very useful, and e employed in all town stables. It goes un)t der several names, of which the principal are bran, and pollard, hen-meal, and gudge ings. There arc two kinds, the one much t finer than the other. The coarsest is most y usually termed bran; pollard is supposed y to contain and to yield more nutriment; but > the difference doos not appear to be great, e Bran is seldom given in i s dry state, d but when beans or peas form thd bulk of C- corn, some dry bran i3 added, to make the d horse masticate them, and to correct the ;e constipating property of these articles. Qt Bran-mash is the usual food of sick hor e scs; it relaxes the bowels; Its laxative ie property has been suppose I to depend ix upon mechanical irritation, which cannot rd be truer since bran ?s constipating to dogs. ,*e ft contains little nutriment, but supplies the id place of corn to an idle or a siclc horse, when he must be kept low; and it helps to at keep the bowels in orJer when the horse is a. confined to hay without corn. The branid masb is given either cold or warm. Some a. horses like it b-.tter in oue way than unoth... nr? unmfl Will not pat it when mashed, but ,,, - 7 ? _ ~ - ?: ; )n will take it dry, and a few seem to dislike it >, altogether. Too. coll barn mash is .usually nt made with cold ^water; as much being fj. poured upon the bran as it will absorb.? ig The warm mash is madewi'h boiling water. Tne mash should be closely covered |y up till cool enough to be eaten. When oats, ie beans, and hay form the ordinary feeding, id it is usual to give a large bran-mash about ie half a pailful once a-week. It relaxes the 3r bowels, operating upon them very gently, id and clearing out the contents. In Scotland, a road and canal horses work none on Sunal day. On Saturday night they get a branid mash instead of their ordinary feod of corn; ie but when grass or boiled meat in season, ;e bran is not generally ased in this way.? ?n When the horses are jn high condition, m with bowels liable to constipation, the bran ill mash prevents any evil - that might nrise i- from Sunday's rest but when low in flesh, a doing a!! the work they can bear, they can N GAS ID V ER T , WEDNESDAY, AUGUST ?v" ** hardly nlford to lose a meal, even though s they rest on Sunday. If the bowels be cos. il live, the mash may be given, but the corn s so^uld be given too; not both together, for a t bran-mnsh compels the horse to ^swallow r .his rorn without mastication. J Many stablemen add bran to the boiled f food. They secm'to think its use indispcn* || sable; they talk as if the food could not be , eatr,n or not boiled without the addition of 3 bran* This is nonsense. The food may r be of constipating quality, and bran will be . wanted to correct that;or the horse's health i or his work may make bran a useful nr. r licje in his food. But to give bran as n . nourishment to a horse under ord nnrv cirt cumstnnces, is to give him almost ihed iarI est food he can live upon, even when his i work does not absolutely demand ! stronger food. A shilling's worth of oats f i.| a 'great deal more nourishing than a shillings worth of bran.' To the horse, bran is i- T just what gruel is to man; but the relative cost of the two is very different. TVheaten Bread either brown or white, is much relished by nearly all horses. Occasionally it may be <?iven to a horse that ' has tired of his appetite, or to an invalid.? ' It should never b9 less than twenty.four hours' oM, and it should be given only in 1 small quan ify. B ikers sometimes give h their horses a good deal of if, but it ought to be mixed wiih chuff*. Some will not eat it t il it is mashed by pouring boiling water ov? r if." , Buck Wheat, or Brank, is hardly lmown in this country. It is used on the Continent, and the horses are said to thrive on it.? Young says that a bushel goes farther than two of oats, and that mixed with at least four times as much bran, one bushel will be full feed for any horse for a week. The Author of the Farmer's Calendar thinks he has seen it produce a stupifying effect; and Bracy Clarke says it appeared to hiui to be very laxative. In Holland nnd many parts of Germany and Norway it is made into a black bread, with which the horses are fed. Maize, or In lian Corn, is much used as horse-corn in America, and in various parts nf Rurnnn. P!<?fil??tt recommended its in tro luction, and among ils other uses, spoke of horse-feeding. I do not koow that it has been tried sufficiently to determine wheilu. er ir might be used with advantage during n scarcity of other corn. Probably it ought to be boiled and mixed with chaff, but horses eat it greedily when raw. Bracy Clurko says it is apt to - clog the stomach and afTed the feet in such a singular way, thai the hoofs frequently fall off when the. horse is on a journey, fie alludes to foun. der, but seems ignorant that any kind of corn, when improperly given, will produce the same effect. Perhaps maize docs it more r^fidily. "ItyoHs very generally employed as horse-corn in North America, it is coarsely ground, and sprinkled over straw and clover chaff, previously wetted, by which mefcns the whole moss is well incorporated; mastication also is so much assisted, that no ?niJ thaJr'nnditinn nffh? rnr. pail 13 wamiui ?* ?? vn> riers' horses on the roads in Pennsylvania where they are universally fed in this way, i and are seldom lodged in a stable, proves the excellence of the practice. Rve is al- I so used in Germany, but generally in. the i shape oT bread made from the whole flour < and bran; and it is jiot unusual in travelling through some parts of that country,* and | of Holland, to see the postilions help them- | selves and their horses from the same i loaf.* _ *-\ Deans.?There are several varieties of i the b^an in tiseias horse corn, but I do i not know that one is better than another.? The small plump bean is preferred to the ? large shrivelled kind. Whichever be used, the bean9 should be old, sweet, and sound, i New beans are indigestible and flatulent; j they produce colic, and founder very readi- < ly. They should be at least n year old.? \ Beans are often ill harvested; and when i ?"?'? rtr mould v. thnuuh finite sweet inter- < , ,,,uoV o i nally, horses do not like them. They arc i often atacked by nn insect which consumes much of the flour, and destroys the vitality of the res'. The ravages of the insect are plain enough. The bean is excavated, ; light, britilc, and bitter lasted. A few in , in this state may do no harm but wnen th beans ar generally inf?'c!od, it is not likely 1 that they are eaten with impunity, and very often the horse refuses them altogether.? Damp, musty, ill-kept bean9, though old, areas flatulent as those which are new.? All kinds are constipating. Though in very general use for horses, beans are not so extensively employed as oats. According to the chemists, they contain much less nutriment; but in practice it is universally allowed that beans are much the strongest of the two. The comparison, is almost always made in reference to a measured quantity. A bushel of beans is, beyond all doubt, more nutritious than a bushel of oats, but it is questionable whelh. or u pound of beans is stronger than a pound of oats. Beans weigh a boat sixtythree pounds per bushel, and if given in an 1 oat measure, tho horse may be getting nearly double allowance. This, I am pcr' suaded. often happens, and hence arise those complaints about the heating, inflammatory nature of beans. The horse becomes plethoric; the groom says the humi ors are flying about h m. It is very likely ' that he would bo in the very same stato ' if he were getting an equal weight of oats. If beans do not afford more nutriment, 1 weight for weight of oats, they at least pro. > duce more lasting vigor. To use a com1 mun expression, they kuep the stomach KET1 V * I ZE R. 19, 1840. ' *. longer. The horse can travel farther; he is not soon exhausted, "I remember," says Nimrod, hearing Mr. lioare exclaim, as his hounds were settling to their fox, 'Now we shall see what horses eat old oa<$, and what eat new.* I am inclined to think that this distinction may be applied to horses that eat beans, and those that cat none, for they help to hring him home nt the end of n long day, and supiport his 9treog:k in the run."? I believe Nimrod is quite right. In the coaching-stables beans are almost indispensable to horses that have to run long stages. They afford a stronger and more perron" ;icnt stimulus than oats alone, however good. Washy horses, those of slender carcass, cannot perform severe work without a liberal alllowance of beans, and o|d horses need them more than the young.? The quantity varies from three to six pounds per day, but in some of the coaching.stables the horses get more, a pound of oats being deducted for every pound of beans. Cart horses nro often -fed on beans, to the exclusion of all other corn, but they are always given with dry bran, which i:r necessary to keep the bowels open, and to ensure mastication. Beans are not in general use for race.horses, but are .sometimes given to bad eaters. Tliey are usually split and huih-d, which is n super, fluous process. For old horses they should be broken or bruised. Some horses will not eat bcqns. The Irish horses, when first brought to tbis-country, always refuse themj they invariably pick out the oats and leave the beans. - I does not appear that they dislike them, for after they begin, they feed as well as other horses. Ultimately they s-'em to discovn that beans are for eating, although it is often a long time. ere they make tho discov. ery. . The horse, liowe\er, may soon be taught, Let him fust for. an hour beyond the feeding-time, and then give him half a ration of beans without oats. If he still re. ( ject them, offer them split or broken," or broken, or moisten them, and sprinkle a ( little oatmeal over them, sulTic'eni to make the beans white. If he still demur, put another horse a hungry one, beside him, and he'will soon teach his ignorant neighbor. Bean meal pr flour, i9 sometimes added j to the bailed foodf but it is oftencr given in the water to cure staling evil. Peas are seldom used without beans, with ivhicii they arc mixed in large or small quantities. They may be given without nithpr hean? of other corn, but much care is necessary to inure the horse to them.? Peas seem to be very indigestible, more so than beans, and perhaps as much so as wheat; but when given very sparingly at first, they may be used with perfect safety. Il is often said that peas swell so much in the stomach as to burst it. This is an error. Peas do absorb much water, and swell more perhaps than beans, but they never swell so .much as to burst the stomach, for the horse cannot or will not eat such a large quantity. When the stomach is burst it is from fermentation, not from swelling of the peas. All kinds of food will produce the same result when the horse is nermitted to gorge himself, or when he is fed in full measure upon food that he is not been accustomed to?but peas seem to be rather more apt to ferment than some other corns. Peas should be sound, and n year old.? They weigh on an average, sixty-four pounds per busheh Pea-meal is sometimes s given in the same way, and for the same t purposes as that of the bean. Some pre- : ler it for diabetes, and in u few places it is given in the water for baiting on the road. f Vetch Seed has been employed for hor . ses, but 1 have iearned nothing of the result. | Uread.?in rormer times u was cusio- c mary to feed horses with bread, and ilie 9*Htute-book is said to cootajn s *veral Acts ^ of Parliament, relating to the manner of t making it. Gerrase M.trffham, a very old ' author, says, "Horse broad which is made ' t of clean beans, clean peas, or clean fitches, t fee leth exceedingly." It is not many yeais j since a bread, composed of wheat, oats, . barley, and beans, ground and mixed in } varying proportions, was used in the racing ( stables. The bread was well baked, and . given when sufficiently old to crumble down and to mingle with the corn. Eggs and some f spices were sometimes introduced in making " it. Nothing ot the kind, so-far as I know, is ! now used in this country. I In different parts of Europe bread forms the ! customary corn of the horses. A French pe- j riodical of 1928 mentions an agriculturist "who fed his horses with a bread composed thirty bushels of oatmeal, and an equal nuin- J ber of rye-flour, to which he added a' portion * Z --J I 01 yea8l, auu IIUIC UUOIICIOUI pn.aw>,g>vuuv<.u to a pulp. With tbts bread he kept seven horse#, twelve pounds per day in three feeds. It- i was broken into small pieces, and mixed with i a little moistened chaff." He had fed bis hor- | see in this way for four years. Previously, he had used oats, hay, and straw chaff. The translator says he saved forty-nine bushels of oats in twenty-four days. But this is nonsense, ' for he had only seven horses. 1 take the 1 quotat ion from "The Farriorand Neutralist," I a dead journal. .1 The Magazine of Domestic Economy is not j much better. The February number for ( 1837 tells us, that one ton of oats made jinto , bread yields more nutriment than six tons of the raw article, and that in Sweden this has been proved by experience. It has never been proved in Scotland, and I dare say it never < will. It is true, however, that a bread composed of oatmeal and rye, in equal quantities, , has long been used for horses in Sweden. It is broken down and mixed with cutstraw. It is in common uf>e over different parts of Germany. I cannot learn any particulars aa to the mode of making, nor of the quantity given, nor of the horses' condition. In France many v ;b ? 'v* m : * NUMBER 40. * attempt a have been made to produce a bread that would wholly or partially supersede oata, which seem to be comparatively precious on the Continent. Buck-wheat, rye barley, * wheat, and potatoes, have been tried in vary. t . nor proportion, and, according to several accounts, with success. But it does not appear very distinctly why these article* should be converted into bread, which is a costly prtceps, rather than given raw or boiled. It ie indeed alleged that some of the constituent prtiMjiplcs are not digestible until they have yndetgone fermentation; and it may be so, but no prw is " shown that I have sqen. Linseed in small qunnitics, ei her whole or ground, raw or boiled, is somelimes given to sick horses. It is loo nutritious lor a fevered horso, but is very useful for a cough and it makes the skin looso and the coat glossy. Half a pint may be mixed with the usual feed every night. For a cough it should he boiled, and given in a bran mash, to which lyo of three ounces of coarse *U. gar may be added. * k Oil Cake,ground and given intho boilad^ meat, when not very rich, consisted chiefly*" or entirety of roohff is much stronger than bran, and str nger, perhaps, than oatmeal, seeds. Two to four pounds per day is the usual allowance, [t makes the hair glossy. Horses seem to lire ?fit soon, but the far mer will find it useftil for helping his horses through the winter. Hempseed used to be given to racers a few days before running. It was supposed to be invigdhtting and ' good for the wind.' 1 believe it is not now employed, except oc^ cusionally to stallions during the travelling season. Some give four or six ou^cet every nigiit. o-? tu?> nt?vio hnrco rtnnft 1' A IIC ail utmic III |<IU IIVIIWW Ww~w not seem adapted to the assimilation ofunimal food. But^nmc seem to have no die-like to i!-*-an<J it is well to known that it may to a certain extent, supply the place of corn. I have seen them lick blood repeatedly and greedily. Brucy Clarke says he has "seen* n well, attested account in a Magazine of of a colt that., was in the habit of visiting a-pantry window which looked into.his pad* dock, anjfcof stealing rind of eating mutton, beef, veul and poultry. Pork he seemed to reject. In the Cast Indies, moat boiled to rages, to which! i? added some kinds of grain and butter, is made into ballf and (breed down the horse's throat.?Carpenter t Introduce to the Wart of India. Also sheep's heads during a campaign are boi!e? for horses- in that coun ry." " While at the stuble of Mh Meltings, of Wakefield, the groom would let me see ? flesh-eating horse, He brought about a pound of roasted beef and as much raw bacon, which he warmed. 1 took away the horse, while the groom put the meat in one corner of the manger, and a feed ofoats in the other. 1 put in the horse and directed his nose to the corn, but lie darted troar that to the bacon, which he greedily devoured. Ho then ate his corn. The groom said this aorse would finish the bone of at |pg of mutton in a few minutes, and that rousted inept washis favorite dish." The weajthy people.of Medjid frequently give llesh to the ir tar,,.. raw as well as boiled, ogether with the offals of the table. ** fa 1 ? U?r?.nk !.> Q.?!n wtin BMItHwt i<n6w a man ai uaiimuiu u)mu,>ii>u imnwv. ne that he had often given his horse washed meat aAer a journey, to moke them enduro greater facility. The same persoo efafid tame, that apprehensive of the gov* jrnbr.of the (own taking a liking to hi? febrile horse, he fed it for a fortnight entirely ;n roasted pork, which raised its mctUe k> iuch a height that it became absolutely uq. nanagoable, and could.norlonger be aajpbect of desire to the governor." Fish ?" In Iceland, it is stated t?3k Bu? .,n, that dried lish is made tl?? food efho?ws ?and my friend William Bullock; senior, ately informed me he saw then) in the sum* iractice in Norway.* Egos are sometimes given to stallions.its he travelling season, for exciting desire, and o o her horse9 for producing a smooth, coat, rhey are quite useless for either purpose, it lea. t as they are given,' only bne or two it a time. If they are to do aby good the ? , lorse would need a dozen of them, or there. lbouts, I should think. One or two, now. ;ver, can have no good tfTc; The egg i* shipped, starred as tbey call it* all round and jiven raw, like a ball* S ivoral, horses havo been lost - by hp egg sticking in the throat, and producing iutTocution. If eggs must be giveo, let :hem be broken and mixed with a<?nash,or boiled hard and added to the corn. Bat i ice no need for them in any shape. Mili.?In this country, milk is not U3?d is an article of food for grown.up horses. Occasionally it is given to stallions in the covering season. A mash is modd of milk, bran, and oil cake, ground?and io A^ shire, whey is frequently given to stallion* as a drink. It is supposed to be anafory food." Tnc Arabs, in traversing the Dm* srt are said to give their horses camel's milk when forage fails. Major D nham, ipeaking of some horses he met with among he Tiboos, says?** t$vo of them wefe very handsome, though small; and on remarking [heir extreme fatness, I was oo at litile.surprised to learn thai they w< rfe fed entirely 3n camel's milk, corn being too scarce and valuable an article for the Tiboos to spare them. They drink it both sweet and sour ?and animals in higher condition I scarcely ever saw." * Mares' Milk.?Vox the first six months of the young horse's life, his principal fcod is mare's milk. He begins to eat meeh sooner, but few are entirely weaned before this time. Farm mares are usually to put to gentle work two or three weeks after par. turition. Her work should be modenMfl* mk i