Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, August 19, 1840, Image 1
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VOLUME V.
EDITOR A ND PROPRIETOR.
TERM S:
If paid within three months, . . ?3 00
II pail within threo months after the
close of tho year, .. > > . . 3 50
If paid within twelva months after the
close <ff the year, - . >- ' - . 4 00
If u*t paid within that time, C .. . 5 00
Two- new subscribers will be entitled to th
paperthe first year for five dollars, paid at th
time of subscribing , and five now subscriber
foe ten dollars paid at the time of subscribin?
No paper to bo discontinued but aVthc optio
of the editor till arrearages are paid.
A J ve rt isam?Bte not cxceeamg sixteen um1:
inserted for one dollar the first time, and fift
cents, each subsequent ins ?rtion.
Persons sending in advertisements arc rcque?
t i.0 specify the number of times they are to h
i'lscted; otherwise they wiH be continued til
ordered out, and charged accordingly.
( TTho Postage irtfst be Daid 011 allcominu
avisos. ,
From the Farmers Advocate.
importing taxui ' Notwithstanding
the exhausted conditior
to which large portions of land in the Unitei
States are reduced we have no doubt tha
the time is coming, when every nT? wjl
be again brought into successful cultivation
The practice has invariably been adoptee
by every country, both in Europe and America,
while enjoying in abundance th<
^ moans of preserving the fertili y of the soil
to pursu j an exhausting course of.culture
until productiveness, and. with it, the.rrvan:
of its preservation in a great nvmsuro becomes
destroyed, and the inhabitants redut
ed to a choice between two alternatives.?
either by a laborious and expensive process
to reclaim their lands, or submit to actim
starvation. Then, and not till then, tlx
worK of renovation usually commences
flow ni tli woul 1 it have been to the interest
of tli present inhabitants, had our fore
fathers adopted ajudieious system ol cultuM
How greatly would th? interest of the next
generation be promoted, was the work ol
reform now universally commehegj / Bui
in this case the guilt incurred by tne pr sent
generation is certainly much more reprehensible
than that of our fathers.?-Tiiere
w$s a time when they were in some me isure
excusable; but now, in our day, light is so
abundant and so extensively diffused, that
ignorance can no longer be-plead, even as
the faintest shadow of jus'ification.?The
possibility of not only preserving the productiveness
ofland, but also of reclaiming
such as has been exhausted by bad tillage
has been so repeatedly proved, and the var*'
1 ? l"-"" omivlnl'uft or
ious means cnat nave uw-u ?...
often"recorded, and so extensively publishec
through the medium of agricultural journals
and they furnished at such 1 jw prices, lha
every farmer however reduced his circum
stances may be, might avail himself of the
improvements that are being made in ogri.
cultural throughout the country.
Some perhaps may persuade thcmselvci
that they are not ahle to afford the mean!
necessary to improve their land; buj, this is
altogether a delusion. Any person capa
ble of directing, and -that lias the means necessarily
employed in the operations of *
farm, is at the same time in possess on o
the means for improving it. That a iarg<
capital may greatly-faciiitate the improvement
of worn-out land is readily admitted
that it is absolutely indispen&ible is a false
impression. In confirmation of which, vaj,
ious instances might be cited, in which lane
considered entirely worthless, lias been re.
claimed and brought info a high state of pro.
ductivenoss, merely by the simple process
of turning under green crops, without the
application of a particle of ordinary manure,
We w.ll here introduce one or two verv
plain casesi showing the facility with which
land may beinproveJ; which we find detailec
in a letter written back by a gentleman jus
returned to Philadelphia, from a recent visi
to his friends in N. Carolina, to whom wc
are indeb'ed for its perusal. We give therr
in the writer's own language.
Philadelphia 3rd month I3M 1840.
Dear Friend, Soon aficrom
return, I applied to a friend who has tlya re.
putation of being a skilful agriculturist, foi
his advice as relates to the best method o
proceeding under your circumstances?In
reply is now before me, and I know no hut
ter plan than to copy his letter; he says?
u My farm having been in a h.'gh statejo
improvement fof many years past, I hav<
not done any thing in the way of improvinj
land by green manures, haying a full suppl
from my barnyard for all my wants; I cai
however say, when the latter cannot behw
to sufficient extent, and where lime or mat
is not to be obtained but at too great a cos
1 would look as my chief dependence, ti
green crops, Hnd from the experience 1 hav
hid, would give a preference to corn for tin
purpose, sown broad-oast, say 1 1.2 to !
bushels to the acre, not only on account c
tho greater quantity of sachariae' matte
contained in the corn stalks, but also on ac
count of the greater produce to the acre
and the facility of covering it with th
plough. I have, myself, made but one ex
P periment with green manure alone, bcin
<-??. nnrri 11.7 In I K#> nm C! if.f? nf 11 m ntj nPAviill
E*>uw,.j - r ? - ?
to sowing the grain,?in that instance I pui
sued the following course; about the lot
of the 5th month, nftcr com planting. prepared
the grounJ, and sowed 1 1.2 bus!
ids of corn per acre, harrowed it in lengtl
wise?then across; the grain was well coi
ered, J should however prefer covering v*
the plough lightly*when it can be don'' a"
harrowed onceto level the groan'*?* l*,er
was no rain for several week? t
cause the grain to vegetal not ,nore
about one tiiif-J came '?' consequence
Jl JVD C i
. i
V CHEF
r i i
considered it pretty much of-a failure; wh
I here was I had ploughed in Avhen in tnsse
r.s deep as I could, having first jolled
down with a heavy roller; after ploughing
in it was again rolled, and so.left until sc
ding time, when ihe wheat was sown broa<
cast and harrowed in; the land in this ca:
was poor, yet a good crop of wheat was c
o from it. /
e I have known several experiments mac
8 in rrjv neighborhood, similar to the abovi
?* and always with good succ<ns. 1 will mei
tion one case directly W the pom': a ne!
?, relation of mine had some poor land c
Y his farm, that he said he could do nothip
with; it was ? light sandy soil; I propose
p" | ;o him to fence off about five acres, andtr
U the experiment of improving it by grec
manure alone; he laughed at the idea, bi
i- at my par:icular request submitted; there
suit was as follows: th? first seed sown w*
Oats, which grew to th? height of 3 inebe
on an average; these were ploughed in, an
again sowed in oitts; this crop was abo1
double; the 2nd year, again sowed oats i
j the spring?crop pretty good,?ploughe
t it in nn I sowed Buckwheat, produced a fir
I crop which he cut; then ploughed ti
grgund?sowed with wheat and cut a fir
j crop.?My wish-was, that he should ha\
continued the experiment for 5 years witi
out cropping* but the improvement was s
groat, that the temptation to crop could nc
' ho resisted beyond the 2 years. I am d<
1 cidodly of the opinion that poor ground ca
3 bo made good, by green manure only?bt
todo this the cropping must be ligtit, unl
assis*e t by manure made from the grass*
produced?I would prefer (ho Dutton c
l' nor;hern corn for sowing, as it sucker
more than any other, andj-ipens enrli'T?
' of course would admit of its being ploughe
' in sooner, whicli would give it more time t
decompose."
The foregoing quotation gives the recorr
mendationof my friend which lam full
prppar^.'d to. subscribe to. I may now sa
that I fool jt lively interest forihe promotin
of the pecaniary advancement of my friend
in Norm Carolina, as I am very much in
clincd to believe, that ".importaut conseqi
ences are dependent thereon.
JOHN ELLIOT.
From the particulars detailed in the fore
going extract, it would seem that the lot c
ground on which the latter experiment wo
made, wns of the poorest sort, as we thin
that lots of ground susceptable of cultivatjo
incapable of producing oats to. the height <
' three inches on on average is very scarce
yet in less than two years, without any an
J manure except what was given by ploughin
under three crops ofoa;s, and two of ther
' very small, the land was so much improve
as to be capable of producing good cropj
. _ '
- FOR FARMERS WIVES AND DAUGHTERS.
There is a great deul of excellent goo
sense in the following passage, which w
' take from an address delivered a short tim
5 since before the Essex Co. Agricultun
5 Society, by Allen Putnam Esq. of Danveri
" one of the Representatives of that town.'
' I have a few . words for the farmeri
1 wives. However skilful, industrious, an
f prudent your husbands may be, their succes
' in money making depends as much upo
' you as upon them. Economy and skill o
? your part, in turning every thing to the bet
accoun', are essen ial to profitable husban
' dry. Perhaps there is scope for study ej
' periments, and improvement in your d(
paitmonts All are not equally successfi
n the management of the dairy. Poc
' pastures, poor cows, poor cellars, are th
f alleged reasons for the difference in results
Thrw? things undoubtedly are often th
- ?-? ^ ?f
onuses of failure lo obtain butler in larg
| quantities and of good quality. But may ix
' the fault sometimes lie with the dairy wc
1 man? Is her business so simple as to b
1 always understood ? You begin to suspet
1 t hut I doubt whether sorno of you perfectl
' mastered the art of butter making.?It ma
be an ungullant doubt, but listen to the pai
ticul irs of one case in point, and then judg
r j whether I can help doubting. As state
I to me,Jhe facts as these. One of our fai
r | niera. the summer before last, employe
f I successfully and for short terms each thre
5 dairy woman. Here cows, the pasturi
. the cellar, and all the dairy apparatus wet
the same?and h jw was the result? Or
,f' obtained seventeen pounds of butter p<
3 tfeek, the second twenty three, and the thii
j twenty seven. Sucfi acts should indut
y many of you -to vary your processes at
0 noe the results.
j Philanthropy, looking forward, sighs i
.j consequences which must follow from chai
1 ges that are taking place in the habits at
,j employments of your daughters. Circur
L. stances beyond your control have throu
( the healthful spinning wheel, and loom upc
2 j the p le of rubbish in the garret. -Hous<
,f : work- and the dairy do not furnish sulfide
,r employment for the females.?Either mo'<
. ! ers or daughters must resort to som?ihir
I " I
, clso by which tp contribute a sho- e m tt
1 sinnnrtof tho family." It is common
' the case that the daughto4 resort to son
g 1 occupation that is no-' sufficiently aciive ar
,s! invigorating T*e needle is ,aking
p. ! bloom from r Y of their cheeks and vig(
h i from their The evd ,s augment*:
I I by that <n?de ?f dress (I ought to use
i. harsl<Jr tr?rm) which obstructs the natur
t -a~j healthy developument of lungs ar
f chests?also by avoiding exposure to tl
h ! weather?and a too effeminate reliant
J upon the horse, for services which heavt
o intended should be rendered by their ow
0 limbs/ The lamentable consequences vv
n i not be confined to thorn?children will ii
1 herit the feebleness of their mothers, and
? 'v 4*
HER .1 Jl' .
# ? ?r
tAW,. SOUTH-CAROLINA
' ?
at sickly r.'ice will come after us.*-.
?|, Useful as the needle is, and beautiful a
it are lis -contributions to our show, I nppoc
it to the mother*, J? f<}rbi$ i:s excessive, it
e. constant use bv tjje daughters. I entren
j-' them as they value the well ?bein?.of the?
se children", to give to daughters daily nn<
uf thorodjh-jrainuig in the euro and labor n
all .household affhirs.?It.- were wel
le were -well?well for them and a future, tacb
e, that4hey should revive r the arqtiainianci
ri. which their rrtoihers"had with the mlikinjE
ar Stoot, .tbe garden, and to some extent th?
?n field ??fi)r then bloom would linger, upor
ig their checks?health woul J flow in fullei
?d tides through all their veins?they would ac
y quire vigor of body an I soundness of mind
in that will .contribute to their usefulness anc
ut enjoyments when time shall bringthem fc
?- the p aces which you now hold?shall make
is them the wives of farmers, and mothers ol
js the rising generation.
id T * . ^
j(. FROM STUARTS STABLE., ECONOM-Y.
in ARTICLES USED IN FOOD FOR HORSES. "
^ - [continued.]
Grains, the refuse of breweries, are some.
le times given to horses, and are caieo greed i.
ly; but it is alleg'-d that, when giv?n conre
stantly, and so as to form the bulk of tho corn,
they produce rottenness, which I suspect in
10 this case means diease of the liver. They
}t are also blamed for producing staggers and
founder.
n Barley Dust is rather better than corn
?{ dust, but it is filter for catile or swine than
horses.
,s Wheat.-?1There is a general prejudice
,r against wheat as horse corn, especially in
9 its raw state: It is supposed to be poison.
~ ous; and without doubt many horses have
been destroyed by-it. Horses ent it very
0 greadily, and are almost sure to eat too
much, when permi:ted. Fermentation, col*
ic, and death are the consequences; but
-v these arc easily avoided. The grain seems
y difficult to masticate and also difficult to
f digest, and the colic produced more readily
s by one I'ppy of whoat than by two of the
oa:s, but it is sometimes given in quantities
* not exceeding four pounds per day, and
that divided among five feeds. Given in
this quantity and in this way, it does no
'- harm that any other corn will not Jo; and
5 it appears perfectly to supply the place of
l, the oats which are withheld for it. For
every four pounds of wheat? four pounds,
n. or nearly four and a half, may be deducted
from the ordinary allowance of oais.
j S i'l, unless tho use of good wheat ren'
Hers the feeding cheaper, I do not see that
Jj it has any good property to recommend it.
If a stone of wheat can be bought for
less money than a stone of oats or beans,
it may form a part of the corn, using it at
first very sparingly, and not exceeding the
d quantity I mention, four pounds per day.?
e A larger quantity ma}' be tried on two or
e three horses, but as I have not seen it tried
il to a greater extent, I cannot tell what might
8> be the result. V dfc
Wheat should never be given alone.?
j' ChuiT, straw-chaff* is best, serves to divide
(j jt, and ensures complo mastication. The
iS wheat mixes better with the chaff when it
n is flattened with a pair of rollers.
n Boiled wheat is in common use. It is
it boiled in with beans and chaff, and generic
ally.forms the last feed, or the lust but one,
[. at night. It soon gets sour, and makes the
mangers of wood very foul. No more
j) should be boiled nor given than will be
r consumed before next morning. It should
I ? tn n Inlltr Ir ehniiM nlwaVs
0 IIUI uc uuiicu iu ? ?v? vbe
m xed with chaff. *
e The Husk of Wheat is very useful, and
e employed in all town stables. It goes un)t
der several names, of which the principal
are bran, and pollard, hen-meal, and gudge
ings. There arc two kinds, the one much
t finer than the other. The coarsest is most
y usually termed bran; pollard is supposed
y to contain and to yield more nutriment; but
> the difference doos not appear to be great,
e Bran is seldom given in i s dry state,
d but when beans or peas form thd bulk of
C- corn, some dry bran i3 added, to make the
d horse masticate them, and to correct the
;e constipating property of these articles.
Qt Bran-mash is the usual food of sick hor e
scs; it relaxes the bowels; Its laxative
ie property has been suppose I to depend
ix upon mechanical irritation, which cannot
rd be truer since bran ?s constipating to dogs.
,*e ft contains little nutriment, but supplies the
id place of corn to an idle or a siclc horse,
when he must be kept low; and it helps to
at keep the bowels in orJer when the horse is
a. confined to hay without corn. The branid
masb is given either cold or warm. Some
a. horses like it b-.tter in oue way than unoth...
nr? unmfl Will not pat it when mashed, but
,,, - 7 ? _ ~ - ?: ;
)n will take it dry, and a few seem to dislike it
>, altogether. Too. coll barn mash is .usually
nt made with cold ^water; as much being
fj. poured upon the bran as it will absorb.?
ig The warm mash is madewi'h boiling water.
Tne mash should be closely covered
|y up till cool enough to be eaten. When oats,
ie beans, and hay form the ordinary feeding,
id it is usual to give a large bran-mash about
ie half a pailful once a-week. It relaxes the
3r bowels, operating upon them very gently,
id and clearing out the contents. In Scotland,
a road and canal horses work none on Sunal
day. On Saturday night they get a branid
mash instead of their ordinary feod of corn;
ie but when grass or boiled meat in season,
;e bran is not generally ased in this way.?
?n When the horses are jn high condition,
m with bowels liable to constipation, the bran
ill mash prevents any evil - that might nrise
i- from Sunday's rest but when low in flesh,
a doing a!! the work they can bear, they can
N GAS
ID V ER T
, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST
?v" **
hardly nlford to lose a meal, even though
s they rest on Sunday. If the bowels be cos.
il live, the mash may be given, but the corn
s so^uld be given too; not both together, for a
t bran-mnsh compels the horse to ^swallow
r .his rorn without mastication.
J Many stablemen add bran to the boiled
f food. They secm'to think its use indispcn*
|| sable; they talk as if the food could not be
, eatr,n or not boiled without the addition of
3 bran* This is nonsense. The food may
r be of constipating quality, and bran will be
. wanted to correct that;or the horse's health
i or his work may make bran a useful nr.
r licje in his food. But to give bran as n
. nourishment to a horse under ord nnrv cirt
cumstnnces, is to give him almost ihed iarI
est food he can live upon, even when his
i work does not absolutely demand
! stronger food. A shilling's worth of oats
f i.| a 'great deal more nourishing than a shillings
worth of bran.' To the horse, bran is
i- T just what gruel is to man; but the relative
cost of the two is very different.
TVheaten Bread either brown or white,
is much relished by nearly all horses. Occasionally
it may be <?iven to a horse that
' has tired of his appetite, or to an invalid.?
' It should never b9 less than twenty.four
hours' oM, and it should be given only in
1 small quan ify. B ikers sometimes give
h their horses a good deal of if, but it ought
to be mixed wiih chuff*. Some will not eat
it t il it is mashed by pouring boiling water
ov? r if." ,
Buck Wheat, or Brank, is hardly lmown
in this country. It is used on the Continent,
and the horses are said to thrive on it.?
Young says that a bushel goes farther than
two of oats, and that mixed with at least
four times as much bran, one bushel will be
full feed for any horse for a week. The
Author of the Farmer's Calendar thinks he
has seen it produce a stupifying effect; and
Bracy Clarke says it appeared to hiui to
be very laxative. In Holland nnd many
parts of Germany and Norway it is made
into a black bread, with which the horses
are fed.
Maize, or In lian Corn, is much used as
horse-corn in America, and in various parts
nf Rurnnn. P!<?fil??tt recommended its in
tro luction, and among ils other uses, spoke
of horse-feeding. I do not koow that it has
been tried sufficiently to determine wheilu.
er ir might be used with advantage during
n scarcity of other corn. Probably it ought
to be boiled and mixed with chaff, but horses
eat it greedily when raw. Bracy
Clurko says it is apt to - clog the stomach
and afTed the feet in such a singular way,
thai the hoofs frequently fall off when the.
horse is on a journey, fie alludes to foun.
der, but seems ignorant that any kind of
corn, when improperly given, will produce
the same effect. Perhaps maize docs it
more r^fidily.
"ItyoHs very generally employed as
horse-corn in North America, it is coarsely
ground, and sprinkled over straw and
clover chaff, previously wetted, by which
mefcns the whole moss is well incorporated;
mastication also is so much assisted, that no
?niJ thaJr'nnditinn nffh? rnr.
pail 13 wamiui ?* ?? vn>
riers' horses on the roads in Pennsylvania
where they are universally fed in this way, i
and are seldom lodged in a stable, proves
the excellence of the practice. Rve is al- I
so used in Germany, but generally in. the i
shape oT bread made from the whole flour <
and bran; and it is jiot unusual in travelling
through some parts of that country,* and
| of Holland, to see the postilions help them- |
selves and their horses from the same i
loaf.* _ *-\
Deans.?There are several varieties of i
the b^an in tiseias horse corn, but I do i
not know that one is better than another.?
The small plump bean is preferred to the ?
large shrivelled kind. Whichever be used,
the bean9 should be old, sweet, and sound, i
New beans are indigestible and flatulent; j
they produce colic, and founder very readi- <
ly. They should be at least n year old.? \
Beans are often ill harvested; and when i
?"?'? rtr mould v. thnuuh finite sweet inter- <
, ,,,uoV o i
nally, horses do not like them. They arc i
often atacked by nn insect which consumes much
of the flour, and destroys the vitality
of the res'. The ravages of the insect are
plain enough. The bean is excavated, ;
light, britilc, and bitter lasted. A few in ,
in this state may do no harm but wnen th
beans ar generally inf?'c!od, it is not likely 1
that they are eaten with impunity, and very
often the horse refuses them altogether.?
Damp, musty, ill-kept bean9, though old,
areas flatulent as those which are new.?
All kinds are constipating.
Though in very general use for horses,
beans are not so extensively employed as
oats. According to the chemists, they
contain much less nutriment; but in practice
it is universally allowed that beans are
much the strongest of the two. The comparison,
is almost always made in reference
to a measured quantity. A bushel of beans
is, beyond all doubt, more nutritious than a
bushel of oats, but it is questionable whelh.
or u pound of beans is stronger than a
pound of oats. Beans weigh a boat sixtythree
pounds per bushel, and if given in an
1 oat measure, tho horse may be getting
nearly double allowance. This, I am pcr'
suaded. often happens, and hence arise
those complaints about the heating, inflammatory
nature of beans. The horse becomes
plethoric; the groom says the humi
ors are flying about h m. It is very likely
' that he would bo in the very same stato
' if he were getting an equal weight of oats.
If beans do not afford more nutriment,
1 weight for weight of oats, they at least pro.
> duce more lasting vigor. To use a com1
mun expression, they kuep the stomach
KET1
V *
I ZE R.
19, 1840. ' *.
longer. The horse can travel farther; he
is not soon exhausted, "I remember," says
Nimrod, hearing Mr. lioare exclaim, as
his hounds were settling to their fox, 'Now
we shall see what horses eat old oa<$, and
what eat new.* I am inclined to think that
this distinction may be applied to horses that
eat beans, and those that cat none, for they
help to hring him home nt the end of n long
day, and supiport his 9treog:k in the run."?
I believe Nimrod is quite right. In the
coaching-stables beans are almost indispensable
to horses that have to run long stages.
They afford a stronger and more perron"
;icnt stimulus than oats alone, however
good. Washy horses, those of slender
carcass, cannot perform severe work without
a liberal alllowance of beans, and o|d
horses need them more than the young.?
The quantity varies from three to six
pounds per day, but in some of the coaching.stables
the horses get more, a pound of
oats being deducted for every pound of
beans. Cart horses nro often -fed on
beans, to the exclusion of all other corn,
but they are always given with dry bran,
which i:r necessary to keep the bowels open,
and to ensure mastication. Beans are not
in general use for race.horses, but are
.sometimes given to bad eaters. Tliey are
usually split and huih-d, which is n super,
fluous process. For old horses they should
be broken or bruised.
Some horses will not eat bcqns. The
Irish horses, when first brought to tbis-country,
always refuse themj they invariably
pick out the oats and leave the beans. - I
does not appear that they dislike them, for
after they begin, they feed as well as other
horses. Ultimately they s-'em to discovn
that beans are for eating, although it is often
a long time. ere they make tho discov.
ery. .
The horse, liowe\er, may soon be
taught, Let him fust for. an hour beyond
the feeding-time, and then give him half a
ration of beans without oats. If he still re. (
ject them, offer them split or broken," or
broken, or moisten them, and sprinkle a (
little oatmeal over them, sulTic'eni to make
the beans white. If he still demur, put another
horse a hungry one, beside him, and
he'will soon teach his ignorant neighbor.
Bean meal pr flour, i9 sometimes added j
to the bailed foodf but it is oftencr given
in the water to cure staling evil.
Peas are seldom used without beans, with
ivhicii they arc mixed in large or small
quantities. They may be given without nithpr
hean? of other corn, but much care
is necessary to inure the horse to them.?
Peas seem to be very indigestible, more
so than beans, and perhaps as much so as
wheat; but when given very sparingly at
first, they may be used with perfect safety.
Il is often said that peas swell so much in
the stomach as to burst it. This is an error.
Peas do absorb much water, and
swell more perhaps than beans, but they
never swell so .much as to burst the stomach,
for the horse cannot or will not eat such
a large quantity. When the stomach is
burst it is from fermentation, not from
swelling of the peas. All kinds of food will
produce the same result when the horse is
nermitted to gorge himself, or when he is
fed in full measure upon food that he is not
been accustomed to?but peas seem to be
rather more apt to ferment than some other
corns.
Peas should be sound, and n year old.?
They weigh on an average, sixty-four
pounds per busheh Pea-meal is sometimes s
given in the same way, and for the same t
purposes as that of the bean. Some pre- :
ler it for diabetes, and in u few places it is
given in the water for baiting on the road. f
Vetch Seed has been employed for hor .
ses, but 1 have iearned nothing of the result. |
Uread.?in rormer times u was cusio- c
mary to feed horses with bread, and ilie
9*Htute-book is said to cootajn s *veral Acts ^
of Parliament, relating to the manner of t
making it. Gerrase M.trffham, a very old '
author, says, "Horse broad which is made ' t
of clean beans, clean peas, or clean fitches, t
fee leth exceedingly." It is not many yeais j
since a bread, composed of wheat, oats, .
barley, and beans, ground and mixed in }
varying proportions, was used in the racing (
stables. The bread was well baked, and .
given when sufficiently old to crumble down
and to mingle with the corn. Eggs and some f
spices were sometimes introduced in making "
it. Nothing ot the kind, so-far as I know, is !
now used in this country. I
In different parts of Europe bread forms the !
customary corn of the horses. A French pe- j
riodical of 1928 mentions an agriculturist
"who fed his horses with a bread composed
thirty bushels of oatmeal, and an equal nuin- J
ber of rye-flour, to which he added a' portion
* Z --J I
01 yea8l, auu IIUIC UUOIICIOUI pn.aw>,g>vuuv<.u
to a pulp. With tbts bread he kept seven horse#,
twelve pounds per day in three feeds. It- i
was broken into small pieces, and mixed with i
a little moistened chaff." He had fed bis hor- |
see in this way for four years. Previously, he
had used oats, hay, and straw chaff. The
translator says he saved forty-nine bushels of
oats in twenty-four days. But this is nonsense, '
for he had only seven horses. 1 take the 1
quotat ion from "The Farriorand Neutralist," I
a dead journal. .1
The Magazine of Domestic Economy is not j
much better. The February number for (
1837 tells us, that one ton of oats made jinto ,
bread yields more nutriment than six tons of
the raw article, and that in Sweden this has
been proved by experience. It has never been
proved in Scotland, and I dare say it never <
will. It is true, however, that a bread composed
of oatmeal and rye, in equal quantities, ,
has long been used for horses in Sweden. It
is broken down and mixed with cutstraw. It
is in common uf>e over different parts of Germany.
I cannot learn any particulars aa to
the mode of making, nor of the quantity given,
nor of the horses' condition. In France many
v
;b
? 'v* m
: *
NUMBER 40. *
attempt a have been made to produce a bread
that would wholly or partially supersede oata,
which seem to be comparatively precious on
the Continent. Buck-wheat, rye barley, *
wheat, and potatoes, have been tried in vary. t .
nor proportion, and, according to several accounts,
with success. But it does not appear
very distinctly why these article* should be
converted into bread, which is a costly prtceps,
rather than given raw or boiled. It ie indeed
alleged that some of the constituent prtiMjiplcs
are not digestible until they have yndetgone
fermentation; and it may be so, but no prw is "
shown that I have sqen.
Linseed in small qunnitics, ei her whole
or ground, raw or boiled, is somelimes given
to sick horses. It is loo nutritious lor a
fevered horso, but is very useful for a cough
and it makes the skin looso and the coat
glossy. Half a pint may be mixed with the
usual feed every night. For a cough it
should he boiled, and given in a bran mash,
to which lyo of three ounces of coarse *U.
gar may be added. * k
Oil Cake,ground and given intho boilad^
meat, when not very rich, consisted chiefly*"
or entirety of roohff is much stronger than
bran, and str nger, perhaps, than oatmeal,
seeds. Two to four pounds per day is the
usual allowance, [t makes the hair glossy.
Horses seem to lire ?fit soon, but the far
mer will find it useftil for helping his horses
through the winter.
Hempseed used to be given to racers a
few days before running. It was supposed
to be invigdhtting and ' good for the wind.'
1 believe it is not now employed, except oc^
cusionally to stallions during the travelling
season. Some give four or six ou^cet
every nigiit.
o-? tu?> nt?vio hnrco rtnnft
1' A IIC ail utmic III |<IU IIVIIWW Ww~w
not seem adapted to the assimilation ofunimal
food. But^nmc seem to have no die-like
to i!-*-an<J it is well to known that it may
to a certain extent, supply the place of corn.
I have seen them lick blood repeatedly and
greedily. Brucy Clarke says he has "seen*
n well, attested account in a Magazine of
of a colt that., was in the habit of visiting
a-pantry window which looked into.his pad*
dock, anjfcof stealing rind of eating mutton,
beef, veul and poultry. Pork he seemed
to reject. In the Cast Indies, moat boiled
to rages, to which! i? added some kinds of
grain and butter, is made into ballf and (breed
down the horse's throat.?Carpenter t
Introduce to the Wart of India. Also
sheep's heads during a campaign are boi!e?
for horses- in that coun ry."
" While at the stuble of Mh Meltings, of
Wakefield, the groom would let me see ?
flesh-eating horse, He brought about a
pound of roasted beef and as much raw
bacon, which he warmed. 1 took away
the horse, while the groom put the meat in
one corner of the manger, and a feed ofoats
in the other. 1 put in the horse and directed
his nose to the corn, but lie darted troar
that to the bacon, which he greedily devoured.
Ho then ate his corn. The groom
said this aorse would finish the bone of at
|pg of mutton in a few minutes, and that
rousted inept washis favorite dish." The
weajthy people.of Medjid frequently give
llesh to the ir tar,,.. raw as well as boiled,
ogether with the offals of the table. ** fa
1 ? U?r?.nk !.> Q.?!n wtin BMItHwt
i<n6w a man ai uaiimuiu u)mu,>ii>u imnwv.
ne that he had often given his horse washed
meat aAer a journey, to moke them enduro
greater facility. The same persoo
efafid tame, that apprehensive of the gov*
jrnbr.of the (own taking a liking to hi? febrile
horse, he fed it for a fortnight entirely
;n roasted pork, which raised its mctUe k>
iuch a height that it became absolutely uq.
nanagoable, and could.norlonger be aajpbect
of desire to the governor."
Fish ?" In Iceland, it is stated t?3k Bu?
.,n, that dried lish is made tl?? food efho?ws
?and my friend William Bullock; senior,
ately informed me he saw then) in the sum*
iractice in Norway.*
Egos are sometimes given to stallions.its
he travelling season, for exciting desire, and
o o her horse9 for producing a smooth, coat,
rhey are quite useless for either purpose,
it lea. t as they are given,' only bne or two
it a time. If they are to do aby good the ? ,
lorse would need a dozen of them, or there.
lbouts, I should think. One or two, now.
;ver, can have no good tfTc; The egg i*
shipped, starred as tbey call it* all round and
jiven raw, like a ball*
S ivoral, horses havo been lost - by
hp egg sticking in the throat, and producing
iutTocution. If eggs must be giveo, let
:hem be broken and mixed with a<?nash,or
boiled hard and added to the corn. Bat i
ice no need for them in any shape.
Mili.?In this country, milk is not U3?d
is an article of food for grown.up horses.
Occasionally it is given to stallions in the
covering season. A mash is modd of milk,
bran, and oil cake, ground?and io A^ shire,
whey is frequently given to stallion*
as a drink. It is supposed to be anafory
food." Tnc Arabs, in traversing the Dm*
srt are said to give their horses camel's
milk when forage fails. Major D nham,
ipeaking of some horses he met with among
he Tiboos, says?** t$vo of them wefe very
handsome, though small; and on remarking
[heir extreme fatness, I was oo at litile.surprised
to learn thai they w< rfe fed entirely
3n camel's milk, corn being too scarce and
valuable an article for the Tiboos to spare
them. They drink it both sweet and sour
?and animals in higher condition I scarcely
ever saw." *
Mares' Milk.?Vox the first six months
of the young horse's life, his principal fcod
is mare's milk. He begins to eat meeh
sooner, but few are entirely weaned before
this time. Farm mares are usually to put
to gentle work two or three weeks after par.
turition. Her work should be modenMfl*
mk
i