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CamDm v<5a?tte -tod -Wercaniile ?ttdvertiisen Published ewy Thursday morning, by F. MOSES, at th?b& doi*l^?} per year, half payable in advauce.^? No subscrip tion laken for k?s than six mohthi%r > The Office is between Broad and Market streets* where Communications, See. will be received and faitbtully attended to* " r IG* Advertisements not exceeding twelve , / lilies, (except those of a public nature) inserted three times for one dollar, and twenty-five cents for each continuation. ? for the Camden Gazette - CAUSES ANIldCUKE Of PAUPER* ISM. ? JVq. II. IN the Gazette of the 7th inst. some re marks and opinion^ were" offered on the subject of making provision for the poor, and recommending an amendment of our laws en that subject ; or rather the aboli tion of the whole system. Some further considerations will now be ^resemed^with the same objects; ifc View. ?' Our poor laws are bottomed- on those of England. Our act of 1 7 12 is chieHy bori, rowed from the statute of theV43d of Eliza beth ; and the sulttfcqqent acts of 1 7*2 2, 173$, Stc. correspond with preceding simi * enactments in the mother country. - The first interference of the English - Legislature was directed to the relief of the - impotent poor; by the contributions of the Church; and the alms of the charitable, and the suppression of vagrancy and idleness. It has been doubted whether ' giving almS to common beggars, though naturally p raised^jecause it relieves the indigent ^nd distressed, does not produce effects more prejudicial thaft beneficial to society ; inas* much &s the encouragement thfen^e arising to idlencf^tnd debauchery i overbalances all the private misery it can mitigate or re lieve*. On the same prin^ipl*, that species of charity which is displayed by " Bene volent Societies," and other associations, though, generally speaking, prompteChy motives of benevolence, may nevertheless be tegarded sfr* wfeakneas rather than a virtu tf^y ?? The emqt&fc. by Which we are prompt ed to .relieve our fellow creatures in <Jis tress, is, like all our other natural passions, feneral, fchisome degree indiscriminate k 1'md. We ityefionly SAKfeclings of com passion,' and reject tho cold calculations of social security d public good. But, as moral agents, it is our duty to restrain the minii^the consequences of Such lridul r* gence, andv Applying thereto! the test of ? utilfcvi - r~ TTwe were to keVtWeSterion in re - tnemhrance we might ft Ad ample scope for the exercise 6f ouv benevolence, with out violating an y principle of humanity or morality ; and at the sanae time avoid the com mem error of giving away profusely, or at loaftt, carelessly, without difcepimina tion to vagrants Jpldeemraon beggars, who, in nine cases out of tew, werit the whipping post, mj&re than they do this misdirected and miscalled charity ; and in bestowing this speciesof charity, the donor is not frequent ly moved thereto rather, by s deiiyt to re?? move a troubleaamo or disgusting object, fhan by a seiWe of duty or real eharftv. In' like manner, the charity which Is ex torted by laWundcr the name of poor tax, is equally destitute of the spirit and es sence of charity . But independently of these considerations, it i,s clear to all who haVo carefully examined theinbjoct, that thobfr*! neftt of the poor laws have never been at tained. In En|f1and they have most woefully failed. These, laws have only seirvetl to taX-e iway one of thtr strongest checks to idle, ness and dissipation, and diminish the mass of human, happiness? and the whole busi ness of M# *ettUmenl of the /i oar, is con- i tradktory to all ideas of freedom. ^ It appears tc he a momentous and me lancholy fact, that one; person in eight of the population of Englamd, is maintained I wholly or in part, by the poor rates, which amount to the portentous sum of seven millions of pounds sterling anmtally, be- | aid#* what is collected hy begging* and the contributions of the benevolent for char iu- t ble purposes. The founders of the system little foresaw the enormous annual amount j t > he levied on the. public, e.t the numerous j mischiefs, which at the end of two centu- I rie* would iow from it. The progressive eliuehsc nf pauperism In that country* by diminishing the fund from which relief was to be given in an in* vursc ratio to the demand, haa at length opened the eyes of the nation to th? failure with which it js threatened. llut, in England* it is generally sup posed, tliut the evil? inhcrani in the system, a o s;> interwoven with^ their institutions, a id natural existense, that they cannot' he r medied, hut onty palliated. Thia is de nied by many : and indeed it seems strange t iat it should b? so, considering the na t ire and multitude of those euls which are known to exist. It is known that the operation of the sys tem has contributed to rai*e the price of provisions, and lower the price of labour. And the effects of this law has been to im poverish those whoso only possession is their libor. Tt has generated a belief anv>ng the poor, that they have . a Irgal right to be provided for by a tax on the more wealthv, and more mdustrioua and iruj;al part of the community; and legui * n * title, to a uTsiributory part in ttio funds thus raised. ^ ^ This s Ware they do not ask? a* a boon, l>iit demand it ad a juwt de*tf. If it is withheld, or distributed in proportions different from what they expect, they feel and express senti ments of riiiappoirtfcfiUtJ^t indig nation. Dep<*<fta?fl?egalprT> v (saion* they becomt^less industrious,-! less frugal, and gfbw more carelecs | .about tbe4uture. ? When they have *n opportunity of saving, they sel dom exercised it. If they had no such resource, the idea of fh tare want, would impress itself oo their mindr and stimulate tbftir exertions. * ? ^JTheical Object ofcharKy, are not commonly those "who obtain' relief under Uie svsteoi of public charity. They; for the mow fekft, seek And find shelter in private and genuine charity. . Tbe scantiness of the supply which can be affohletl to th^ distress setl, and the capnrknoafr manner of it* dispensation, keep back the modest and unobtrusive, and leiYMhe :field Tree for the boV^tho clanamm ami ' persevering ? ? * - i *v :v f n &-? -Ti; u ; The rapidity with wljich the poor rates have en creased in England,: holds up for our instruction a most alaftiiiug example. It is said hy JlfaUhus, to be an evil, in comparison of whfeh, the rih tional debt, with all its magnitude of terror, is of little mottoent. , This ' author has, indeed, been much deritled and censured, for his opinions on this nw\ other subjects; of political econonn^^p^ It is he, li^ved that lift has nat'topu refuted. ?taerv?r ooas awl &rgiimcu(s have been cor-, roborated ami supported, not ouly | by the Edinburgh Review, burby 1 still -higbar authority ; viz. "The select coromjttee of the British house of Commons on the poor laws a I report ftoa ^whUih cammlttce, *>ge I ther with the.minntes of the evidence taken before the same, was ordered !. to be printed in July 1817. Tliat report notices the evils ^winging fvom the system of pubHc charUy? as land, andjuro-. HS&SVes'of ( and directed to theeq&table purpose of causing the burthen .of supporting the poor, from failing exclusively on "the charitable } yet it produces mAhy ml^is:^ it Abates ^ e**rtiou( labom **'" ~ i-ne-. gov for tiie wants of nicktfess'.ahd' old a^e^M .it makes pov?(ty and miser> the condition of reljef ; ail it divest* of the character of benevo lence, the contributions obtained by compulsory enactments ; wlu:h pflp cefcding fromno^ impulse ot ^harlty, creatstfno feeling of gratitude. "^.'he': report 1Mb g^^stio state, that the result appears Iravjr been prejudicial to the moral bab?? nnu consequent happiness of a great bo ;.aP^Hbe people* Who aae -degraded by dependence or parociiial relief, while the industrious and economical liave been oppressed hjUbe weight of contributions taken from means that have been welt earned And well huslMtnded. It also appears, from a valuable report of a committee of tli General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, that in those parts of Scotland where a regular assesment was established, Qie wants of ihe poor, and the extent of the assesment have gradually and progressively encreased from their commencement. Hilt in most places in that country, thrir poor fund* con tinue to he derived from voluntary charity, and are dispensed with. that sound discrimination which in the ordinary transactions of lite belongs to renl benevolence. Experience has every where taught, that the constant application of additional funds, distributed among the poor, according to law , will inevitably create an additional number of applicants for relief, and plunge them deeper and deeper into the miseries of pauperism. Heal charity points to other means, which may be expressed in the words of Ed mnnd Burke ; '? patience, laSor, fmgnlity, -sobriety and r^U^iou | should l)e recommended to the poor;'' J tho-rclicf afforded would bo mote equitable, tintl move effectual. Vol untary charity U, despotic, anil the relief itj* (Fords comes unexpected.* The poor could not regard tb is fund as one on wbtoh they could tonfi B^TFhii, uncertainty, would teach tfhem to phu^lheir hopes on indus try, economy and foresight, ' The moral 'effects of such: impressions cannot be easily calculated .rr ^BiU, should the t>gtetatore4*e-uu willing: to fcive up tM?Jy*wc|?of le gislation ; yet, it seems indispen si bly J necessary, to modify, of #1 system, so as toavoid ilie*iVllsfc%nth w hie li, in its present form, it tnrsat ens to overwhelm us. |fc Tl*e management of the poor, !* said to he a difficult problem of gov ernment, But, it is believed, the jfiaffitv arises trom attempting to ^i tivej^a^s, a subject, In Scotland^. baside the common method of providiu? for the poor by voluntary contributions, ami , distri (rating by the jraMjj?r^ IjfaQ^ Ite^wy Jbwfn; j^ffrtablwhed, very culled Saving generally, ^>hiat are called saving banks. And fri many places iu Engt lanl similar banks are established, which have bee^ greatly approved* The natove and purpose of these institutions are not understood by many in this country, and ^mdiaps the state of society is not enough ad vanced to be prepared for their es tablishment at present. i fe > I In their character they fcpproich tearly to*comnuin trad ing han k or that i ranch opts business which consists in receiving and returning money depesi- , ted. And irr Scotland, interest is paid from the time of the deposit." rheir object is to afford to the ikwr ^ vt7? ? v r ?'"> positing their savings under safe vqustbdy, and the. advantage of draw ing them out again (with interest^, The moral effects of these institu tions *re said to be such as to be iiigldy gratifying to every fiieudu^f humanity and virtue. Foresight and frugality are promoted, and the public relieved from heavy burtheus. jfrch small Iw. _ _, m?y be ?c .... --J* in <??*& of diffii] culty and distress. But every thing must depend 6n the activity and teal $e intelligence and honestly of those wider whose management tWqrsys *~ra is toudufeied. ' .v . . ^,"4. ,,j The experiment might be tried, of a bank of - this description ; Bh Charleston, and perhapsin isorae other places in this utiUe, with a I ;iu? I. ^ ^ I probability or success. , The trustees of fen institution for savings established- in th* town of $alem, iif Massachusetts, hHV^latC- | ly published a report -on the state of the Itistitotioh, from which it appears, that the whole amount of deposits in the coarse of six months from April 1 0, to OctSber 14, from 184 persons, was 20,251 dollars: and that no deposit has be$n withdrawn since the establishment of the insti tntion. Aitec jle^ucting the semi anual dividend of interest due - in October and the expences of man agement, the sum of 112,47 dollars remains as an accumulating fund, to be divided at the expiration (*f five years, as provided by the bye laws. This it* certainly encourage ing and speaks to others to go and do like wise. , New-Orleans, Oct. 16. We Arc enabled to state, on I he authority of a gentleman, an officer of the army, who left Pensacola about a fortnight ag;o, (hat orders have u l>een received for the uncon? ditional surrender of that place to the Spaniards 99 These - orders were seen l>y the jiersoir from w hom we derive our information ; and so far from reinforcement heius; " expected there from the adjoining states," we are informed, on ihe same indisputa ble authority that the (roups already there axe to l.e removed, home of tuera to !>c here, r.hd pan' Baton Ro^vie. We l:a\e alsu.leer, InlYrnieu by < prni?eu>ua who ab'ivctl i.vre r--.:* * Pensnc oia, oirbaturday, llintLefiMC he' left the plans Ue ex pec led iv jflpovdl of d*e troops Was ?etierali\ spoken juK; :and that Col. Kin:; ha:! actual^ seid oif his ba^sage to Alont - U*s y -seui, :>J : fronj PiHiSncola. > h would appear 'Ihcrtforc, thai the information puh ^tfehedin the tjklV'ius of yea t NA3UMti.Lfc, Oft. "SI. yestrr ^r^.^7-Tr... - , . . v_|0 1 1 \{}W - ami pleasing lgence :, TiiK-vrv GKoyw?j jffig lSMS|8. T^jfoiditor^qf" (he I 'r ?_ Werjiave ju?t closed a treaty v. it' i j the Chickasaw Indians for all their claim in ^h^stat^^P' Tennessee a id KiMituc^yjblltiltott^vaboHt sen.. Hlffiliofttyof acres of- life heat lands in the western coulttFyV &nd washed h^y Tennessee, Ohio and Mississippi riv ' ers, for at least. three hundred ami Aft.. ^;Lv, . , ; fifty miVes twenty thousand dollars, for fifteen J l am fr&itetfully, , Y our mo*^ljjj#eftL*e:ry t. M ' ? t > < ' W*1! W' wk' t ?? \<U* '?*.* r ? ?* ??.?? .* w^snG * ?< ? *** ? From thfc Chai lestloo* Southern Patriot. It a^M.that F i:.u?^ U imljUtW to .thtfVutevpnze of n citizen of Ihc UoitiilrStHtfs, iinprt.vemunt of tWtoAyigntion of her liver* l?j, tStcnm Boots; (hat th?wpF world shoul I lead the way. in tUg useful arts, 'must | astonish tlitttlijiiwRjjIim of Bnrti^ and lead them to conclude that man lias rather improved than degenera ted 4o the westeot couUnent. Mr. Edwa^ Church. American 'Cort sul for I5w>>t iind I/Oiieut, hfls com menced the n?ni^i?tioA of the Giiron 4m* to-vntoufatt?set \y.btx mt fcjtatm | Bout, in U?% nn 'important im|?K>\-eiuwit. Tlie fullnvnDg noliafcjfeinwtitofed frtfn ? *:Afrnwr?^JJorifhM' of UiCMfiUth ^U?US< IttjillT ' ^ ? I n the ?itliftg oif S4tl? in.tf. I lie iioyul Academy of . AjjtKt^jywl Sciences, of thu ntyf heard a report On. the * wplptipWEtettiaM )Hoat Navigation, to onrjri^ an ?i>pUea tion uwUe wiltS aMCcees I)$r Mr. JKp (ET ? ; .rW; i ' t \ ? T nu Consul ??f iUa ?r Brest and 1> Orient, i led. by the King^ >>;? iter salWy jfc- furiosity bgpgft:vhr readers evinced, that ly preseqling to thejjn the V.ery iuteve^ting repnr 't.coninium dated to the Aca<\etojf'by M. Du ch ampSj {^i^gineev of the Hordeanv llrid^e, Chairman ojf a Committee 1/oat and Here follotv.s a detailed description of Bteam Khgine, constjuete/l by Uolton & WArra, which is too weil ?mnown In this country to he repeated here, in which is found the follow ing notice of an improvement made Jby Mr. ?}huu$h. +, " We'canriot too highly recom mend to th? attention of mathemati cian*, the singular and ingenious method. by the awl of which tin* paddles of the Boat are constantly - maintained in a position as not to ex** perience the slightest resistance front the water, capable of (leadening their motion. It is well known, ho#' much importance has ln*en irt facl ifrcf in ohtainhig this desideratum jit Water Wheels, hut until the present instance, at least to our knowledge, every attempt to obtain this result has proved ineffectual ; \vc cpn no\v assure that this difficulty has been victoriously surmounted in Mr. (J** Wheels, which present in this res pect a perfection equally important ??- m r?' ^ ' V<U ' The Academy (nfler hen ring <li$ above report) decreed : ^ " 1st. That the medal consecrated annually for the improvement of the* Useful Arts, be awarded to Mr. C. <*2>d, That the report and delit)era. tions of this sitting he addressed to \lr. Thk-I'icefet." it w ondw^Umd tUM Air. C. oI>