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From the England Journal AJcdi e *e dud Surgnty* Addrasi delWertd on the Induction of Geobapi, M- D. as Erring Professor; of Chemistry m Harvard University, D^c. 1816. (roilCLUD**.} Chefnisf* have penetrated into all the departments of nature, and no subject has been investigated with more seal, and I may add, with less success than the chimistry of or ganized beings^ The various ac tions which take place among the el ements of vegetables and of animals, the numerous changes which they undergo, the variety and peculiari ty of their products, and their nice adaptation to the purposes for which they are supplied, could not fail to attract the attention, and engage the researches of men, who were already familiar with the properties and composition of common mat ter. The right df explaining the functions of the Jiving body was assumed by the chemists ; and the physiologist ^ras ho sooner relieved from the absurdities of the mecani cal doctnnei, than he frag bewilder ed in the mysteries of chemical affi hitiet. The component parts of the human body have been analyz ed with the most scrupulous exact* ness. Man has been reduced to a. few simple principles, or elejnents, ?ndthe changes which take place &UHngTife, have been^explained wfth the as those, which disor- 1 gaotse th* body after death. Nay, the seal of the chimiscs has carried them so far, that they have attempt ed to compose some of the proxi mate principle* of animals by mix ture, or by the powers of voltaic electricity. There are some, in this country, who have thought; idea, that the chemist may | toon be able to crystaiize a man, and animate his crystal by the agen cy of electric matter. Jt would be useless to Attempt to Yefute an opin ion to absurd and so impious. ' The laws of animated nature do not ap pear' to be the same with those of chemistry^ and the impotence of the chefflistfefa this department, is clear ly eviheed by the single fact, that, notwithstanding all the analyzes ..which have beeh madfc, he has not yet succeeded in producing a single compound, simitar in ev$ry respect . to any of those which art elaborated iln the living system. The powers Which fegUlate living matter, seem ' to have no Other connexion with : those bp which inanimate niture is governed, than in operating on the > same elements." These material! *re combined in different ways; ana by methods which the laws of che mistry cannot control, and in which theic part, if any can be allowed jhem? is feeble and subordinate.? ?' The actions and combinations which {produce digestion, assimilation, se cretion and respiration, are vital. ? j . Thry no triore belong to Chemistry ! thari the properties otcommon mat - ter niake a part of vitality* and vital | affinity is probably as distinct from I themical attraction, as setisibility j and , irritability are from Intension < .and gravity. The. departments of the chimistaitd of the physiologist c fine \. Livjrig matter is the property of the latter, Inert in animate nature of th? former. Such is the present state of che mistry, It is distinguished from all other periods of the science by the probable unalterablity of it* philo~ tophy. Tkc theories of definite propositions, of the electrical ener ? gies of the particles of bodies, and of the operation of the powers, con cerned in the production of chemi oai phenomena, constitute what may strictly be called the science j and, however Individual facts may be multiplied, or its processes refined, its laws, founded on experiment and supported by the inathemitielir* ! must remain unchangeable. Com ? bustion which, forso long a period, ; was considered as the science itself, [ now takes "a subordinate rartk. ? i Hydrogen has been discovered to constitute a part of all classes of1 bodies, except the metals, and should I they be proved to contain it* the doctrine of phlogiston must be re newed in a demortstrable and per I manent form. Oxygen is hot the principle of acidity, for it forms an essential clement of bodies, which Arc alkaline ; nor is it the only sup porter of combustion, for this pro perty belongs a! so, to two other bo dief, chloii ic and iodine. Were I permitted to exceed the usual bounds of a discourse on thfcse occasiorts, I should dilate, with the greatest satisfaction, on the intimate relation which exists between -che~ mistry and the arts ; and on th^ im portant advantages which have re-, suited from the application of phi losophical principles to the im provement of the most useful and familiar processes. Nor should I forget to impress oh the minds of those who are, or may be engaged in the study of medicine, that. the, road to fame, in this profession, ' leads through the fields of natural history, of chemistry, arid of me chanical philosophy ; and that the. reputation of Boerhaave and Cullen, ot Fothirgill andFordyce, of Rush and, may I addi oF Warren, w*$. founded on the knowledge of the' collateral branches oif medicine;W But I mtist forbear. Phcqiistry, than, is i Wienec oif experiment, and its object is to dis cover the elemenii and the relation* of bodies. When it is frcolleoted I how itflny distinguished men ire 1 ik. w engaged jfi these pursuits ; with I what zeal they advance through I new and hitherto untrodden paths ; I with what delicacy and . precision I they operate, "and with what diseo- I veries their labours have been al- 1 ready rewarded, it must be ackncrw- I ledged that, although rapidly pro- I gressive, no limits can be assigned I to this science. In proportion as] the instruments, >|th wbifeh "fheH operate, are increased in poorer or I improved in conftructioh ,, and in I proportion as the habits of accurate-! observation and pf cautious reason- 1 ing are cultivated, new elements I Will be discovered^, Or those, which | Were once Regarded as simple^ will | be proved tb;tfe compound. The 1 numBer t>f classes of simpler-sub- I stances Will be redbttfd $ It will be I found that the great Author of na- I ture operates with fewef materials j than his been supposed j and, pos- I sibly, the sublime' idea of the an- 1 dent philosophers may be verified, ] that there exists but oa? simplepri- I mitive form of matter, the element I of all nature. Chemical invest iga- I tion has already .approximated to I the conclusion, that matter may be I divided into* the two classes of o*y- 1 gen and the metals ; and fchould the 1 opinion, fchich is now' held by ma- I ny , respecting the constitution of I some of the elastic fluids, be proved, I as it probably will, to be correct, 1 all the powers engaged in the. pro duction of chemical phenomena, and I all the elements of bodies may be I reduced to radient matter, to the I supporters of combustion, t ft the I actdifiable bases, and to mewallick I bodie*. An arrangement like this, of the substances which constitute, and of the powers which act on the ; globe, cannot fail to stwke the most superficial observer with admiration ' ar.d a\vr, and it leads us at once to the conclusion df' of Sir H. Davy, that the more the phenomena of :he univeise are studied, the more dis tant their connexions appears \ the more simple their causes, the knore magnificent their design j the mete wonderful the wisdom and power' of their author. WOMAN. That man has been the happy ] and willing slave of the woman ever I since the commencement of time, j is a truism that will not admit of de- I nial ; and equally so, that his truest-] ' felicity and comfort consists in con- I tinuing in that delectable and en- I chanting state while the world ex- 1 ists. Its existence must terminate I with that of woman. There can- I not be any world without her \ _she 1 | is its pillar and support, its sun and 1 permanent basis. To all-lovely, I charming woman, under the Su preme Being, we owe our existence. J Vc acauire life From her sweet ten^ J der body j we are the offspring and 1 "fruit ; are brought into the- world, I and sho^n the light of day by her I tender fostering care ; we are non- J rished and nurtured in childhood by her neverccasing assiduity ; and we J are reared to manhood By her un- 1 wearied attention^ and anxious sol- 1 ciitude. ' , Gran^ me but life, good heavena ! and I give me means* ? ? ? 1 To make this wondrous goodness some I amends ; * And let me then forget her if I can ! , , How unnatural, theref6re, ^ould | it be in us not to adore and worship I ruch a cftvine crcatufrc, and devout 1 ourselves implicitly to her com* 1 mands arid pletsure ! I , None cin, I hope, be silrprized 1 at thfr natural ascendancy which thnrT angelic object has jnttly acquired I over j our hearts and inclination* ; I should that ascendancy ever decline, I man Becomes an uncivilized savage. J Tlie Fatf^oiie doth inculcate civi- J lizatipn and endearing attractions in I our natures, tKcy harmonize the I mainly soul. ^ ^ ? ? . ? \ ? * The .following interesting Anec dote in extracted from the " travels ? of Rofct. Suffcliffe " In con versation With a friend, hi informed me, thar in the early part of his life he was at Hay anna; Where he had considerable business to tran sact, but, being ignorant pf , the Spanish language, an Iiirit Rdman Catholic priest kindly lciirt him his assistance on variouf occasion* i and so effectually that the priest War the meant of hie acc^uihng a large property during af short say there. At the tithe of parting with his friendly priest, fce presented him with A purse of out "thousand dollars as a small compensation for the assistance he had received , but .1 the truly catholic priest declared, that he would not except of any compensation of this sore ; adding, All I . * ; of you in return for any service I have rendered you ia, that if, -at any future period, you happen to meet a countryman of mine in need of assistance, you will 'do to him as I have done to you. This affords one amongst many proofs, that the trul/chnstian spirit is hot confirtcd to any profession of rcii * * *" g">n. . American. mib MfeaflM A lady wal*piesiding one even ing at a card table, when her mfle* caught the fire of the candle j Lord Lyttleton, intending to be' witty on the accident, said, he did not think her ladyship'so apt to take firt. " Nor am 1, my Lord, from such a tpr.rk as you." I ?ri 'tut. ? Tk** At "nust be ef ay u?uv? t n\ qual'ty ihaci* iru*!- to burn m water* ?(V4 ?? hui must im Umper be that cau re main unsull^d, and retain its biighmes?i tho' ^pcompassed with corruption'* wavc>. WhcH tWe handsome courteswn, Theodata, vaunted io ^ucr* es how much she vr as tow be r/s.etmt-d before him, because the could gam many proselytes tcv>m bim, but he ooOe irom her, lit jt plied, that it wis no wonder, for she ltd them down the easy ? ami descending iwd of vice, while he com pelled ihcro to live thorny and asoencfmjj p,tU? of yirtOe# . Virtue dwells at the head of the river, td which we cannot get-but by rowing against the current j he tfcat walk* thro' a ^' ge field hiuh only a narrow path to guide him right m the wav ; but on eik their side there is wide room towandeiiiw Every virtue hath two vices that cloae her Op in curious limits, and if the twene ever so little^ she steps^into error. Reft gion hath superstition und prophaneness? fortitude* leur, and raahnesa? liberality , avarice and prodigality? justice, rigor and partialis y? and so in others ; which haa occasioned some to defin^ virtue to be a medium between two extrtltoes. Virtue ia ir> Truth a war, wherein a man fnusi-be a perpetual ctntinel~~'tis an obeli s^, which rcucht* heaven? like the palm tree, tho' it hath plcanant frOit it it hard to come at k, for the stem is not easy to climbs s Though surrounded with difficulties, the * virtuous man hath a atar Within, thai guides, and shoots its rays of contort : he hath found the true philosopher's *to*is, that can unalchymy the alloy 6flrfb??.and by a certain celestial proceed cafT Uhrn all , the btass of this world into gtddi Qtjrd'An Ancf In antiquity a knot made in the leathers or harness of the chariot ah Gordint, kinrj of Phryria, so very intricate, ihat there was no finding where it began or ended, 1 he . in hat tun t A had ^ tradi tion that the oracle Had -declared, *nat he who untied this knot should be .matter of Alexander haVihg undertaken "RT7 wat unable to accomplith it : when list bis . npt untying it ahoold be deamed an ill au gury, and prove a check in the way of hU ? conquests, he cut it asunder with his sword* , and thus either accomplished or elided lha otade. v _J ?- * . ? I ? - V " ' - -1 ? ? i Ejtyraordinary Orcum?^ff,?-.About 30 years since,a farmer at fiataUtftborought Somersetshire, having become viol ejstUy a TagefrwtTtryfrraf htsdaugTUeraTat wmca time his wife was far advanced in pregnan cy) in the paroxysm of his anger* ?"ore. thatjf hit wife brought hiiti another girlM wcC/d nt^vcr *tieak to it*? The wifa waade* " livered, of a *oy,Vwho was christened felH, and it now living ; but, wonderful to relate, from his birth to ihi present period, he bt* never been enabled to utter a Word to life father, or any one, except hit mbther.and sisters, with ?hom be tqlka with fluency and este ! ? Every ineiftnfc of severity and indulgence ha?^e been deed Ih Vain ; and'he labours under th^ strongest faolln^l of dittrets when solicited to sfeieaKu ?> ^ Oil the I Ith' of April an exhibition of the *ale of a wife toofc^lace *t EttgJlbruti ol? feHow to tht public quay m aal e. lie had been married about a twelvemonth* it not jret 20> and could scarcely be alittifHted from faiit ing ai her unworthy husband dragged her alonq. She \vas purchased tor two guinea* by her firat sweet heart, . j, ? -1 * mmk Maker of Wen Q f ? - * na, has invented a machine ^ the air. It la formed of two ttlodi of may cohutcs of taffeta, vjrhicb may be folded up or e$tend*4 at pfctature, < and th^ person Wfro fnovf* them is placed ill the centre. M Degen haa made aeyeral public e*ne* rimenta, and froee to. a height of 54 feet) flying ?n various direction* with the celer ity ot % bird. In one of hit ?rial rUbtir lions he was attacked by a flock of c erfs* and with come difficulty deagonded with* out injury.? Intel. Fxtraordinaty*? A Cf? of Mr.' XX Seffl, He (who lives within a few mile# of this llotough) had a Calf, a few days since, with two heads, four three aerj, sty legs, four beforehand two behind, and two tails- It it now living. ... -1 ? ? ; iHB The Human The . heert, In % healthy man, in one hour, beats 360O , fifties . discharges 7200 ounces of hJooU 5/ and conveys through it the whole o^ blood in ?ht body, not lest t^ail 2s time#. 1ft the space of h^uts, thf Whole Mm>d in the body circulars 6oo time*. A young port offered hit play to. one of tl\e i heat i us lor nothing. The mfftfag?r **td the author knew the. exact -vatye of it. ' f A getltlemah of the name of Mnrble wan married to rati* ? AJo?* in dtfianca of the proverb." A r jlkn^ tone will nrppr [4* fker most,"