University of South Carolina Libraries
msmaitis mmi?. :M.] "Tina pniom ou? uiBHriTY xs mTunNAij vxaiijANom." [PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. ^P^lMii)^^wP^EWS- ABBKVIIXB. S. C? THURSDAY MORNING. DKCEMBER 3, 1857. VOL. XIV ]yo ^ ' vi?J6 from District in tho fitato,^ repr^ lpt iinrvof?Ht^^?>yjHj^beorfiilly unite with 1 cuo iii ,'iKi>irftfonw-n^jj^^w to the Almiglity ' - 1Po> j f^ciuf'^re tliey aro bestowed. Ju view by wbich ? ire arc surr autix^di]btof\pcople cannot have loo scruptotai^a'to individual in- i ttegrily, nor ?aB; wMoo strictly guard against . tli'o failiii^Vbiohvpcculiarlv beset us, assured that ft- ftract&M" life, which best illus. trates a <W? &nas?o$*^y to God and our .neighbor,; coriatiWlf^ the most acceptable . f. service to .lnm ..Xjjft'; orders the affairs of , - iucii) a 11 a wnose ejttR nr o upon us nil. It rirl-n? and death ; . jvi<rit every comtnntifiy, striking down the j v ' . youl 11fv?I.jjWMfrjIged, the vigorous and I I active^ as *y e1t ' Wither infirm. If wo have ! f acaii tlig6rgfeli^'ipii n d s, industrious pow- | ? ers^ fjthpulses of friends and ; . public "ser^Witfe, filled in death, we have ' -"Z. left- to' tts;,'t|uS,^iife6liinal)lo satisfaction of > kno^nigytluit'^ % mot their fate with ; iouragd; of duly. Since your ( last Re68idnj-*4ewhxha.% deprived tlie dolega- i ":V.;V ''-t tioa to. Congress from this State of two . 1 *' ' '.^?i i**? f T' V I valued;'ftuMarbQr*./In the month of Feb-; ' '*TUf ;y, the HTby,. lYestoii S. It rooks, while' - r^ -'"in*',tin} of active public duty, en- ; :^^^dMu;^^%efaiuc8S and honor, , . ' : > '\-aud wiuc^g^. b^ jua^ Ynanly conduct and - . sterli??j wortliwiljfe Confidence atid admira- : ^ , , > Uo^ot lpenw?tt^^?.?s?nove I to another! :V; sphere;' ST*6^S$y .official intimation I had ( ofMr. li^K^^ith |"was communicated on | y one of our Senators, j ' ._'4 thqjute J^ge-iB'ttler. Within two months j ? from3]^(^ajt^b'e,*too, wna laid ill the si- j , ^"ieiiirgcave, beside his gallant relative and . i ; j^friend^;; &dt^? ^0d.COnBcienti(?u? as lie ~^ was, 'ttixi Tntoyirir? *>f Jhe Inst Congress had ;V prov ed ioft-.ttow'for him. Honorable and fair iiMieputeVmg Iniyint ss?vigilant and faithful inhis peculiar trust?diligent, ppir, ..-':^*?jted,'an&;,ift^^.dwcii?rging it, his nervous \sensibiiit)^.^o}i9^.oo, highly wrought upon, i - - and tfrft'tensiijft of his tuentai energies iuo " -'incessant to bq_ longer endured by the ]?hyf : ejcalfYam?, ijJocjn after reaching the cove tedfc<fhi?t:oPii5arow.n home, lie sank into . >. of ;<|ieath,fcumvers!illy regretted by lite associflt^&p iife, mourned and lamented by bis COn^HUenla?the people of this i' % Thd^i^o^y crofited in the Fourth Cor.grpssronalSajSpOT^ ;1jrs been filled by the electi6n: ?#*<0jw*TOil1edgo L. Honhain, of i y- Edgefield, \vIio ^vas^tn missioned in May Iiv.'pia^eitf^Hon.' A. P Butler I have '??; ^!2^? r^b:-^P?rnry- ?Pl,oinln,unt- You , -?+ v. ^will -dt.hbHe:* appreclate the importance of by joint ballot of A- . botJi, |Sdu$^V-Hliout delay, in oider that ue^^n^tor may be enabled to talce j . lus>:^eat^@pw^ext Congress at an early j |g|, " Tliere is^ yet to be t?Z: ^Sk*I |sj^g^^iUld States, wliosu loss we j brilliant career of <t6^^M*^^m$*4^tflUiii'Btature, up to the 9grave anil dignified council, firm, reso I ^ ^ ng its name taught the >e nations of closed and ; bo retired rve bis State, until called minister tbe the quiet of o tbe South Tceived afar of Federal Leg}*' I ^^8|counsel, lie de- I ap^.n public life, until 1 E^J 4t tbe age of seven- I x' /JJ gptfiuhville a? a mem- | H^H^flp-jKrlicy of a mnjor c^KH^^^^Hj^^flG^Wtatkuting expe ?? gradually flapping i f*Ml?n'w>g ultimately ' llio lights of llio Suites. Jlis last public fiot was signing llio Ordinance of 185*2? passed l>v the Stale Convention, of which ho was a member. Past the age of fourscore years, having long survived liis groat co-laborers, and worthy colleagues, Lowndes and Calhoun, he, too, is gone. Like them, lie has left us, in his upright example in all public stations, in the loftiness, the purity, the simplicity of his character, in Llio truth, and power, and grandeur of his clo^uence, a legacy of priceless, wealth. Til K SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. This Institution, so deservedly cherishcd by the people of the State for its usefulness. as well as its renown, lias undergone, since your adjournment, a severe trial, owing to llic indiscretion of youtli and some mistaken notions of lionor, which have obtained among the students, together with tho want of aptitude and power to administer the laws of the College, which unhappily characterized the 1'resident, a man distinguished for science, and otherwise of practical use fulness, who, as Professor of Mathematics, was eminently competent, able and valuable. Culled together at an extraordinary meeting in the month of Juno, tho Uoard of Trustees deemed it e-sential to the due performance of their trust to re-organize the Government of the College. Accord inglv, tlie members of tlie Faculty wore invited to resign. President MuCay had previously tendered bis resignation, and the exercises of the College were suspended till the 1st of October, thus making the annual vacation eighteen days longer than usual, and dispending, necessarily, with the June examination. Assembling again in the month of September, at no little personal inconvenience, the Hoard of Trustees liavt deemed it wise to restore the greater number of the Professors to the duties of a Faculty, assigning to each individual the charge of the various branches of learning in such order, as, it is supposed, will ensure, hereafter, their greater usefulness and efficiency. ]5v a temporary arrangement, VV'IC nrjlfi'Oil \*XT llii. lt-'O ?*il toes, tin; ?.Uities of the Mathematical Department have been assigned to the Professors of Natural Science, ami of Chemistry It is to be hoped that this important chair will he definitely filled before the close o! the year. However universally it be ad mitted, that the Classics should constitute the lending feature in the leading Literary I ?f 'he State, yet in a commu nity of planters and farmers, where agriculture prevails, even in connection with the learned professions, the importance o Geometry, Trigonometry, Surveying, Men suration and Mechanics, cannot be over looked in completing the education oi youth, nor should wo fail of inviting the students to a duo understanding of As tror.omy, Natural and Experimental I'hiloso phy, Natural History and General Science Again, Chemistry, Geology, Mineralogy and Meteorology, with lectures and experiments on the application of Chemistry Geology and Electricity to agriculture, con stitule an essential branch for which a 1'ro fessor is provided. Until June the l'resi dent of the College was, also, Professor o Mathematics. Since September, the J'ro fessors LeConte have attended to the dutiei of this chair in conjunction with theii own. As regards dccipline, it would be deroga iory to the just influence of parents, suppos ing them to have done their duty to theii children at home, and humiliating to oui common nature, to maintain that intelligenl and nearly grown young gentlemen, need strict surveillance at College; to be kept ii order by the force of authority, whilst they ilfA nrnfif?r?nr ktt lltA ? * ...w uiu aui|iic melius tu pursue the higher mathematics, and to accomplish themselves in classical literature, which th< State has so wisely and liberally furnishei for their benefit. No! let the Senior mem bers of College act with discretion, modera tion and decorum, and let the younger b< controlled by their precept aud example.? It does not often happen that men who an devoted to study, either scientific or literary (and it is with such men, chiefly, that tlx Professional chairs must be filled,) are fount to possess among their other gifts ad minis tartive talents. Young men of eighteen 01 nineteen years of age should know some what how to govern themselves. Until tin students of tbo College shall becomo alive to a sense of personal responsibility to the State and to themselves, the very best ad ministration of the College laws, gov ernmcnt, is destined often to fail. On entering College each student signs the 'Roll,1 the caption of which is a pledge to conform to the regulations, and to avoid unlawful combinations. On the' late occasion the young gentlemen seem to have persuaded themselves that, in, repudiating the autborv ty of the President, they were acting individually, not in combination. Yet, after n conference with the Professors, it was manifest to the Board that almost the whole College was implicated. The students deemed it u point of honor to sustain the Class, which refused to recite to their chief Professor, because they had questioned his integ rity and condemned his administrativeability. Here is evidence of exlonsive combination, yet no student was made conscious of it. It was deemed necessary tbal the Trntt/ioc Kl> fltftAmhlfl/l f/\ SnelriM* *1?A * . vv luduuvb lliu 4. tlVUl* % $ ty as to their execution of the laws of the ! College. Our young men arc commended ; to (lie sentiment, well expressed elsewhere i . by an able writer, himself an alumnus of i the College, "Obudienee (o law and to lawful I . , authority is honor." I A ItSKN A I. AND CITADKl. AC AltKMIKS. I ! I bog -leave to refer you to the ileport of : < | the Hoard of Visitors of the State Military j Academies, wish aic flourishing as ever.? | Their order and discipline are exemplary.? Tlic Graduating Class of this year, consist- j ing of twenty, turns out to society in its various callings, young men who, as hereto- j < fore, by their capability and willingness to he useful, will do credit to their training, 1 and to the State whose patronage they i have shared. kuek f?c:iiooi.s. The Free Schools are doing moro good i than they have been allowed credit for.? . Where ver educated gentlemen of the conn; try have generously interested themselves in I the subject, and with commendable zeal I and public spirit have devoted a norlioti of I ! their enemies to llie success of the schools, I I the law litis operated well. As a basis for i a practical system, regarding the character i of our population ami the geographical pe- ! I culiaritics of the State, I have not been able j ; to arrange one more satisfactory. Let its pro- j j visions, with some amendment, he faithfully 1 | and judiciously executed, with consideration j ! fur those chiefly interested, arid it will dis- i cover itself to our community a system at | once available, useful and creditable, invi- j ling and rewarding the services of (pialiOed ! teachers, a supply of whom cannot be too j 1 i early provided for. The excellent public I j school which has been organized in Char- i ! lesion i>y me commissioners of St. l'hilips i j and St. Michaels, will very soon fiirui^li a ; I number of young persons, who, it may be ' I Imped, will do something towards introdu ring into other portions of the State, the j lieneliisof the improved system under which i they have been trained. I recommend that I ; provision be made for the establishment, ' without delay, of one or more Normal 1 Schools, at. which the promising pupils from (he schools below may be further educated for the niirnoao- ntnl iniinml ?<-? ?l<n i? I -? "v art of lenchini;. These arc a-Jmirable insti- i . I tutions, mill,* if well managed, cannot fail to i j. send forth the yonng people of the State ini to the business of life as witnesses of their usefulness. They arc eminently entitled to the notice af the benevolent and public spirited citizens of wealth, who may desire to render useful to their kind, a portion of the surplus means with which they have been j ' blessed- The first Normal School in Ame- ! rica was founded on an offering of 10,000, I for the purpose, by Mr. Dnight, a wealthy 1 j. citizen of Massachusetts, to which the St:ite I added 10,000,and the thing was soon accomplished I have seen that school in success i ful operation, and freely give you my belief ! that a State which pretends to sustain a gen- j eral system of public education should not' remain a year without a school of the kind for the regular supply of competent and ac' customed teacher?. In order to add effect to the system by furnishing the means for self-regulation, and by which may be imparted to it equal usefulness in every portion of the State, I recommend that the several Hoards of Commissioners of Free Schools : be authorized bv law in rnUp l?v sacoecin&nt ^ ? ' - j ; ;?v on the amount of general taxes in their respective Election Districts, n sum of money equal to that appropriated by the State out of the public treasury, to be expended and r accounted for in like manner. Whenever ' tlio funds can be raise d for the purpose, I I think it would contribute to the welfare of the State to establish also a Marine School 1 at the port of Charleston. ASYLUM FOIl THE DEAK AND DUMB AND THE I I llUN'D. I transmit the Report of the Principal of | 11 tho Asylum for deaf mutes and the blind. ? The public works there are in progress, and I am happy to have it in niy power, by aiding the expenditure of the public money, to contribute somewhat to the liberal establishment of this high charity. Among the 5 blind, as well as the deaf and dumb, trades ' are beginning to occupy tho minds and the | hands of pupils, thus assuring them of their ability to be helpful, and cultivating a wholesome self respect and cheerful industry.? r Soon will grow up a colony of pnpils on the lands of the State, and a society which will J bo independent and thriving, by their vari' ous trades and occupations. The Commis' sioners will see to its regulation in due timo. These good citizens have performed ' so well the service of tho State in this re' gard?so consistent and disinterested have been theirlabors?so judicious their arrange1 ments for tho benefit of their charge, that I ' have great satisfaction in co-operating with i t - + mem ex-omcio. 1 rccommend that they be ' invited to embrace within the sphere of their ' eupeivision the public education under the i r Free School laws; that they be authorized 1 1 to organize and establish one or more Nor? mal Schools in each division of the Stale 1 for the preparation of teachers, and to introduce and explain improvements in the I ni/il li Ail a * *J* " * ,Uv>?vui> ui iimui?iuul - iiey siiould bo allowed, while on duty, during the recess of i tbe Legislature*, tbe pay and mileage of \ members. Hitherto they bare received no ? compensation beyond that which arises J 1 from a consciousness of rendering good > service to tbe State, and kind ofllces to tbe 1 interesting objects of their care^ I 'iiu-: uk i.a uowk griiuoi. at i.gtiik. 1 )uiing tliu last summer, in making a military tour through the Stat?', ti day was [leveled to the school at Lotlic, in Abbevillo District, founded by the Will of Dr. John De La Howe, at the close of tho last century. He devises tho land oil which he resiiled, with all his land adjacent, his library, ifce., &c., for the purpose of keeping up the farm and establishing a school for the support and education of twelve boys and twelve girls, of Abbeville District, so as to qualify tliem to make intelligent and useful farmers and farmer's wive?, and especially recommends that the priciplcs of chemistry be taught, so far as they are applicable to practical agriculture and domestic economy. Thus, it is, indeed, a valuable nucleus of ag ricultural education, worthy of the consideration and enlightened patronage of the (leiieral Assembly, ll is the foundation of a benevolent foreigner, whose remains arc there entombed, and whose example is entitled to lasting honor and influence. I have recommended to the worthy Commissioners who now devote their time and attention to its interest, to raise the standard of education in proportion as their means will allow. A difficulty in the way of their greater usefulness, they represent to me, lies in their want of places foi their pupils after complc tint* their term of four years. If they were authorized, l?y law, lu send one of their young men annually to the Arsenal Academy, at Columbia, or four, or even two in the ct. urso of four years, and also within the same term, four of the girls to a Normal School, in order to learn the art of teaching, this obstacle might ultimately be passed.? Their teacher, this year, is a young man, formerly one of their pupil*, who has passed successfully through a four years course ol the Slate Academies. It would contribute materially to the progress of that kind ot education which has so long bee:, desired in Carolina, if this young man could bo sent to an Agricultural School in Europe for two years, and return to take charge of the Lelll<* .1 f. .up ??<*...-* ..........? ? *' ...w wvxvwt ivui J Kitwo, 114 WIU|IUI13ill UII? FINANCE AND HANKS. Tlic financial condition of tlio Slate is sound, though at the present inomenl necessarily somewhat einbarrased. "Without including the surplus revenue, $1,051,00, which is held on deposit, tho debt of the State amounts to ?3,0.58,081 50 drawing interest at a rate varying from 3 to 0 per cent. The taxes returned for the l.ict 4V.....I ft inn 1 " " nwk iinuai j C(U cllU 1116 OtUl* nary annua! expenses do not exceed 000. 15ut the payments out of the Treasury the past year far exceed that sum. Foi pa> titulars, I refer to the report of tin Comptroller General. The same roport will present the month lv exhibit of the condition of the Banks.? Within ten years the number of Banks ha: been increased to twenty, which arc return ed monthly, with an aggregate capital ol 1,837,041 25, with a specie basis in Sep tcmber of ?909,309 TO, and a line o domestic exchange amounting toSl0.2Gii. 530 08. Of the Inst sum six of the Banks in the commerical city of Charleston, hating a capital of ?8,137,042 25, returned for their part only $3,027,657 73. 'flu capital of the ten banks first named in the exhibit amounts to ?10,137,042 25 ; tlieii circulation for September was ?3,389,826 ; their specie on hand, for tlm. snmn ????!. ?59*7,949 15. Tho circulation of the same Hank?, as shown in tho month of October was ?3,800,504, and their specie amounted to ?430,893 95. The ten Banks last named having together n cnpital of ?4,700,000 returned for the'r circulation in Septembei ?3,715,344 ; specie on hand, ?401,450 21 Tho circulation of the same Banks, as shown in tho October exhibit, was ?3,218,315 50 ; specie on band, ?207,807 11. In tlie first half of tlic year, I was pleased to learn that the bills of the principal Dunks in South Carolina constituted still a portion of the most approved currency in the West, and were available, also, to travellers as far North as the city of New York.? Those of some of the smnller Banks, it was said, were sometimes found, at certain points in the Western States, circulating too freely and in too great numbers. In granting charters hereafter, I think it would be well to confine the Banks to dealing in cxchange, discount and deposit. The issue ol bills for currency should be the prerogative of the Bank of tbo State, which, in its turn, should bo denied the privilege of discounting notes or dealing in domestic.exchange. The corporations which dpronnd a circulating medium for their business, should apply to the State authority for the same, depositing one-third of the amount doBired in specie, and the remainder in satisfactory securities, so as to assure the public of tho soundfcejM and convertibility of a mixed currency, This suggestion is made on the supposition tbat the State will adhere to the Baulir of tie State as its fiscal naant. tu%K Iuumhu T nmf.-. ? 1 -0 , . ^ lb W UUCII. Unless, some such tnodifidallbn of the system bo adopted, I nm of opinion that it wonld conduce to the soundness of the currency, and njyia to tbefrit?re#tof the whole eommHojJ.y, to have the banking business afthoS^te^ corporations, twny .be repealed, leaving the ?&&:<?< interest at 7 per oent. where no ir made. Acknowledging tlic principle of this trsi reform as sound, 1 linvo Iiitlicrto, in nnothor sin I capacity, retrained lrom pressing it believ- nc: | ing that tho public mind should bo prepared bii for it by full discussion. I am now of it opinion that it should no longer be post- ovi 1 poned. Money is entitled to tho benefit of lai i a market as well as every commodity. And wi j tho owner of money should not be denied to j the privilege of lending it except through sai j the artificial, and sometimes costly medium PI j of a corporation. Hanks, too, should bo a I ' allowed to take, for the use of money als loaned, whatever it is worth in tho market, in 1 and be thereby relieved from the tempting ke facility of evading the law in order to be increase their profits. cr SUSPENSION* OK SPECIE PAYMENTS, j Regarding the recent revulsion in finance Jlflil tlw* puri'oimv I will ?- if ill IlUb tlllUIUj'b IU 1 enumerate its causes, but will venture to di- la rect your attention not so much to the hai j Hanks as to the system of banking. A sys- re tem which sanctions the issue of paper be money to so large an amount, leading to a inflated credits, undated prices, extravagant an : habits of living and reckless speculation. ! may be supposed calculated to produce a ill ! crisis sooner or later. Tlie unhappy sink- nc i ing of a ship with bullion from California, to ' or any event sufficiently exciting to create tli ! a momentary panic, was enough to preeipi- 111 tale it. Ii ha< bad the effect to paralyze at 1 the arm of honest industry, wherever labor of i is opposed to capital?to depress the open- re ! ing market for produce?and to impair the as : confidence between man and man. The p< ' banks in this State were effected by the g< j common panic, and felt the pressure severe- tc ! ly?some of them yielding to its influence, gi ' have suspended specie payments. The susr | pension of specie payments by a bank, is :i : tl : failure to redeem its notes on demard ? a w : forfeiture of its promise to pay in gold or fa ! silver, current coin, the full value of every in 1 bill issued from its counter,?a promise, on fr j which is based the privilege cranted hv ilio a State, to issue bills, and lo circulate tlicin vi as currency. However, it may be supposed in to afTord present relief to the business in- tli terests of the country, which, unfortunately, tli are so wound up with the banks as to suffer 'B inevitably from the contraction of their E credits and their stringent demands, it is Si demoralizing in its tendency. s? The banks of this State, with which I g1 am at all familiar, are well administered. CJ Several of them have bravely withstood the shock, and are prepared to do a legitimate business as usual. All, it is believed, are al , solvent. If however, there be some, so de- fn r pendent on the banks and brokers of New , York, as to fail in thuir pledges to the publie, when the Northern banks fail, it is their 111 . misfortune to have to answer for the sins of >" others, as well as for their own mismanage- c< . ment. The consequences to the quiet, un c< initiated, and the laboring community, are J" r alike distrust and loss l<?n/l!nnr I ?< , 1 s ~ """ " suffering, too often to moral ruin and crime. 111 [ Tlie State, too, suffers from tlic abstraction of coin and tlio depreciation of credit in t': the sale of her bonds, both for building the New State Capitol and for aiding the con- bi I struction of the Blue Ridgo Ilailroad. (Of C? > tho former, I signed 400 certificates on the ?' s 5th March, and of tlfo latter, 100 on tho 61 r 4th May.) ni Whatever tho exigency, it will bo long 8' before confidence is generally restored, and P' , commerce can move tranquilly and safely w in its usual channels, though not near so o> j long, I trust, as in 1837. Then tho suspen- n< sion in Charleston took place in May, and 8e lasted fifteen months; now it occurs in Oc- ns I tohfil*. nt. tliA rtnfttiStic* nf ? "' j ...v vi i? u>uaint;aa oUHSUll, "c with ft fair, (though not large,) crop of to ^ cotton and rico on hand, as the basi9 of commercial communication with capitalists of the home market, and of exchange with Europe. *1' | The moment of excitement, apprehension ro ! and financial pressure, is not a time to leg- 'n . islate respecting the banks. The existing Wl laws, if sound, will bo vindicated in practice ; if otherwise, it will be wise to repeal . or modify them, when the public mind is ''l i calm, and commercial confidence shall have nc been restored. In enacting statute law, tho statesman to whose wisdom and integrity ro the public wellfate is entrusted, will not, c'' for the sake of doing something when in re! position, yield either to the crude sugges- th tions of his otvn observation, or to the out- Pfl side influence of opinions, created by undue <1? excitement on the one hand, or by intcrested iudividuats or corporations ou the ev other. kii Meanwhile, I may not omit to invite atteution (o the admirable operation ,of the cu system of finance, separate from'* banks, P? long since adopted by the Fo'eral Govern- &u ment?in sanctioning which, that Govern- to ment has entitled itself to the respect and of confidence which fere duo to superior wis- th' dom and foresight. Difflng the recent wh confusion and conneqnont panic in commer- of cial circle*, it bas done inuoli to break tbe ?"] crash -upon tbe people of the unstable th< frame-work erectod upon the eredit system, and to save them from tbe full effect* of pe the collapse of/an inflated bank currency, w'u In a pecuniary sense, merely, salaried acl officer# are not injured by Mich coovulsiouH, 001 Wbfcu must reojuce price*. * ?ot of Hit po ^ to W affected by we ** i ito, in their daily life, ilie beauties of seemi iiplicity and virtue,? the social cheerful- comb *s of industry and just economy, Let rienw 11 send forward to market his crop, as oxtrei is prepared. Every sale that is made, cure i cry debt that is paid, every hundred dol- ever < s which circulates from hand to hand, tion, 11 help to restore the general credit, and force re-establish a healthy currency, so neces- lated ry to prosperous and stable markets.? whosi anient, as well as others, must submit to obser reduction of prices. They nro entitled, sary I to, to claim the benefit of a reduced scalo the g purchasing supplies. Although the mar- positi t for produce must rule lower. it will fuimii come healthy nnd compensating, if the wranj ops be not withheld. one the laws. again Willi my best discretion, I have endcav- will i cd to ensure a faithful execution of the ing a vvs. Several cases of hardships, doubtless, tial I ive occurred. Where such have not been whicl lieved by executive interference, it has Carol en owing to the too frequent instances of will similar kind, imperatively requiring ex- coinn i*pies to deter others from offending. havir It is to bo regretted that offences by to ui icit traffic in spirituous liquors, with Dem< 'groes, especially, arc so numerous. The aud i o prevalent taste for strong drink suggests those is trade to the unprincipled, as the ready tice. cans of making a livelihood, or of nassing ill-gotten gains. As the difficulty Oi detection increases, it may be well to gl^l vise the law and make some amendment test, to its sanctions nnd the nature of its wo ilialties. r II ei?rlnin misirtnre ?1i?? aim In ? j -..v. sianc owing out of its infraction are complica- in<r il, and threaten, unless checked to become p0wc rave. due It may be in this, ns in some other eases, just, , lat the law would be efficacious if those estal ho are expected to enforce it were more 0f c itliful and prompt. There is a tenderness teres our nature, which misapplied, deters men oru informing against oQenders, and from j irryitig out fully the law entrusted to their gilance. There exists, too, sometimes, an clival difference as to a proper knowledge of jatUr ie laws generally, which, inexcusable in ^H||v ie citizen, aids the bold man, whose design to profit by disregarding their provisions. pt0I1 veil some who bear the commission of the fjid. Late seem in ignorance of the law, pre- by t| :ribing their duties to act mainly on finnct rounds of expediency and motives of poli- wj,0 IT. Rtirnltf llirt nilltnn r m *_/ m v<> j tuv vui/<uii It I1U <IUUC|H9| IIUIU1 \v]llC lore he who solicits a commission, should j?g t ifurin himself as to the duties of his station, nssot id perform them to the bc&t of his ability, (|jVci ith fully. E>pe Whenever I have had occasion to inter- (]OIIV re at all with tlie sentence of the Courts, cxist i cases where the penalty was to bo wn8 dieted on the person, either capitally or l|,0 >rporeally, I have directed the Sheriff to ono , )nfinc ita execution to the precincts of the tlio { il yard, with the Clerk of the Court and wo ( >me few substantial citizens as wit- an(j asses. Our I think that the law is deficient in omit- coin, ng to provide some punishment for those cf Ei Fences which are technically callftd jngi readies of trust, or embezzlement, in was ntra-distinclion to larceny. The violation t0 ( * morality is the same in both?t?-e differ- ^j,e ice between them, artificial and shadowy ; ,iorT1( id 1 see no good reason why the one cf ^ lould be visited with the most derrndmrr a r> uriuii jnishment known to our statute book, pr0(i Lilo the other passes unnoticed. Recent |aboi cperience has brought forcibly to my >tico, that some statutes, prescribing a mere verity of punishment which is not conso- pr0(j int with the necessities, or the spirit of the je, have been allowed, through oversight, q, i remain unrepealed, and though nearly from jsolete, in fact are still of force, legally.? COpy i this view I would recommend a revision ^yas ' the criminal law, and considering that p, lis law is simple, and cnpablo of being to f( ndercd comprenensiblo to nil persons of nnj tclligence, I think its reduction into a code wj,er ould be advisable. wisd< FKDEUAL RELATIONS. hope In the occasional discussions of the po- w|loa ical position of the State, I have taken t. lb 13 part. Regarding it as well settled since mem e Convention of 1852, I perceive no t0 Q1 om for material differences amongst her lizens who wish to agree. If there be a p0sle spectable number who desire to associate tj10 y emselves with the general Democratic rea|j2 irty in nominating conventions, let tlwm or w| > so without committing the State. While tj|e c bulging the spirit of conciliation, how- tj|Q y er, it behoves us to beware, lest in our R atft| nd feelings towards distinguished citizens ni(Mj that party, wo drift into the smooth rjftD:i rrent of nationalism. The Federal asct of South Carolina, so far as it is in- j? enced by her Stale pdHey, is obnoxious king many politicians in AraoricA; and some i our own good tnen seem to believe, with adjnc em, that it is chiefly aristocratic pride |0ts, licit keens her in Dosition : thAt i1?a m?n _i.s_i , I ? ? wiilfl South Carolina Arrogate to themselvos trace* pcrior wisdom and patriotism, and to were sir Women superior virtue. Whereas, cone Lhout arrogating to themselves any an* HIUj riority, the truth is, that whatever of tj,Mt >dom, of patriotism or virtue may char- Mtt'e cerise her people, are among tlio hnppy ver., .n. t 1? - il<yv\^uviiw? lotuivm^ HVIII HCf IIIB|rlVU(tlOflS| wllicV litical, social and doraeetio. Long may herea cherish them. 4 onca The comparative egregritfcn of the State aMUtT politic* heretofore, it not at liopyful to Yead he progrewive minde, a? the power?th* joU t ng order and liartny?proceeding from inatiou with a national party. Expe> teaches tho iiccosHitv of tolerating nes, even in politic*, in order to se\ just mean. If South Carolina lias jeeupied tho extreme position of isola- * it was not from choice, but from tho of the patriotic principles which regulier action, like tho balanco wheel u motion, peculiar and to the careless ver apparently useless, is yet so neces:o the successful am! safe operation of reat engine. There is, in fact, no dis011 on the part of this State to either icism or isolation. Politicians may gle, and public journals may oppose extreme of opinion and argument st another; tho people of tho Stato adhere to the just medium. Venerattul preserving thoso nrin<?in1??s cn nwnn. to tlio reserved rights of tlio States, i are illustrated by the history of lina during the last thirty years, they be ever ready and willing to make non cause with the neighboring States, ig a common interest to protect, and nile as heretofore with the general ocratio party in the Electoral College, n the Federal Council, also, so long as i princplos are duly respected in praoKANSAS. ?r friends its Kansas, who have strugmanfully to sustain an unequal couare entitled to our sympathy?'its^ nil i - - ? - > - ? ?? . . iiavu i* ngui 10 oner. iXolwilUling ilie mncliitiHliotis of design men there, and the perversion of :r, whether individuiil or conventional, to notions of expediency, I trnst that counsels will yet prevail and ultimately >li>h in that devoted Territory a system overnment conditcivc to their true ints and the public welfare. MAINE AND CONNECTICUT. transmit certain resolutions fiom ?1iq ;s of Maine and Connecticut, which iuLe the prevailing opinion of the Legises from which they emanate?so toat variance with our own. They proagainst the late decision of the Suic Court in the case of Scott vs. SandThe political principles recognized 10 decicision referred to, meet with tlio i: _ r x i ? - ~ lkjii ui me people ot South Carolina, applaud the wisdom of the decreo in h they aro judicially embodied. Ow,o the pivjudic9s of birth, education and jiation, men reared differently will ge in sentiment from each other.?dally is this the ease in relation to estic slavery?an institution which ed when tin American Constitution ndoptcd, and recognized thereby. Let law of charity prevail in judging another. In preserving and protecting >roperty of our fathers in negro slaves, deem ourselves entitled to the respect aid of all good men and wise statesmen, ancestors, dealing with gold and silver , bought the negro from the capitalist igland and New England, whoso thrivrade, however abused in inanv insfnn/w overruled by the Providence of God, ;onvert the barbarian bushman of African coast, into tho orderly sstic, the Christian black laborer unerica. There are few results moro sing in stalislics than thoso which aro need by iho fruits of this labor?a - which could no more bo dispensed by America now, than could tho coine and manufactures so dependent uctions. THE STATUE OF W.\8niSOTON*. le of tho last letters which I received tho late Senator Butler, related to a , in bronze, of Iloudon's s'atuo of liington, which ho recommended should urchascd by the Slate. It is pleasing jour to the recollection of this great good man. It is a boon to mankind i the good God permits sometimes tho >m of lovo, associated with faith and , to be embodied in a human form, u favor we may look upon and admire, true that our debt of gratitude to hi* ory cannot thus be paid, but it is duo urseUes that we should ackiiowledgrt some visible token, and it is duo to rity to provide a monument, to which oung may be pointed when curious to :e the idea of his manly proportions, lien enjoined by their inntrons to study haractor of Washington, and emulate irtllCS which ndnrn -it. T mm?i.?? ... .? |/? wjn/op illllb lue bo ordered and that provision bo i for its erection with tho New Statu ,ol, STATE MAGAZINE. the month of February last, in matt visit to the Magazine in Charleston, overcd that the proprietor of the land ent (Payne's Farm) had diwded it into' nllowing sufficient room for street*, i the city authorities had caused to bu J. These lots, by squares, in succession, sold by auction in the City market.? eiving, forthwith, the inconvenience danger to tho properly of the Stato f ' * nvu.u ciiauo Hum uuving persona in d wellings of any sort, under tho w> lis of the Magnsine, and the loss i tho Suite would huve to submit to fter, if desirous to dislodge tbem when in possession, I did not hesitate to le the responsibility of instructing Mr. on to purchase for tha State all ma part* of lot* botwccn toe