University of South Carolina Libraries
AGRICULTURAL MPABTWflT. ii i r*i i id Pfor. At water bas recently published a teriei ofnpeHaMU to prove thai certain leguuilnpoa plants grown In laud, and fumUlxxl with a known quantity of nitrogen, contain a much larger quantity of that substance In , their produoe that can be accounted - for by thai oontaloed In the Med, toll And solution; and aa the amount of I combined nitrogen in the air ia very soflOK he oonolndea that the plauts hare obtained this exoeu from the Are nitrogcu of tho atmosphere. I do not propose to raise any question either in, regard ' to the accqracy of Prof. At water's experiments or the eonolntioos bo draw* from them, but lather to found my remarks upon the assumption of their being true Let us suppose that Prof. Atwatcr's , experiments bad been tried by himself | 40 years ago, or let ns say by Bou88lnj<ault, or ourselves, with a similar rerult, and the view that oer- ] taiu plants opuld obtain their supply of nitrogen from the atmosphere bad in oonsequeuco boo geeerally accepted. A little more than forty years ago, mineral manures came .largely into use In this country, and although thejr; as a manure for grain crops was com plete from the first, their suoceu when applied to other crops * was so decided that it might have led people | to accept without hesitation the remits of the experiments as establishing the atmospberio source of tbo nitrogen. Tho large Increase, both of root crops which followed the application of| mineral phosphates, and or leguminous crops whore plaster or salts of potash were applied, appeared to leave notli ing to i>e desired. The exhausting corals required a supply of nitrogen, and the broad leaved r<k>ts and legu minous crops were there to collect It frota the atmosphere; while It remain ed fbr M. Vlile to make ths discovery that for these plants to obtain a full atmospberio supply, tho soil must bo Airnlshed with lust enough nitrogen to enable them to devolop UjflF long leaves. 1 '? In the oourso of timo, bowevor, it would have been found that however liberal might bo thepupply of minora! 4 manure, the orops were not so large as they had previously been, and that for some reason tho pot experiments were not alttogether in agreemont with the field results. With regard to maugels?one of the said to be a large collector of atmos pberio nitrogen. I .think we have Air; nlshed an exceedingly strong eVIduioe that, with an abutmance of minerals, and a limited supply of nitrogen, their pofrer of obtaining that snbstanoe from the atmosphere is vef'y small. The evidence in regard to the Ugnml nous plants is of a totally different charaoter. ? v" Granting that the experiments of| Prof. AtwatCr are absolutely correct, it does not help us very much in over-, comiug the difficulties we. havo to contend against in onr own invest! nations. So little do wo hope for aid from the. atmosphere, that wo have recently been direotiug our attention almost entirely to the subsoil, whore our Investigations Imvo been inudo to i a depth whleh a few years ago would , have been considered quite unneces sary,. In our chemical journal for June will be fouud some of the results of these deep diggings, , which arc ex ceedingly curious, aud at the same time not easy to explain. In the same field, and adjoining tlu experiments devoted to le^uinlnond plants, Is an acre of lan4 which has received no manure for vvars, and 5 row ii wheat alternately with tallow urin^ the whole of that period.x Tho aswe know that there Is an abundance of minerals in the toll, aud that If our object were ? increase the crop, it could be attained with oertalnty by means of an application of nitrogen. On some or the leguminous plants . adjoining the wheat, mineral nxannros | Sroduce very greatly increased crops. Mils soil had also received no nitrogen for 80 fears or more. Both the soil Whloh had grown wheat alternately with fallow,, atid that which had grown the leguminous crop", showed, by analysis of the first nino inches from tho surface, a oonsldornblo reduc tion in the total nitrogen. rne sous seicotcd Tor analyst* were: | 1. B'bo Callow part part oftlio wheat soil; 2. The soil that during Ihu pro vious yoar had grown white clover tohldi had diod off; 8. A soil from which a fnlrly luxuriant orop o ter veiohe* had last been aaraed away.| The no tin were saddled In July. Two holes were taken in each experiment, which yore analxed separately, and the soils of the two holes were mixed toget her, andtagai a> aualy *ed. Twelve'sMOpfes of soil, each 9 Inches deep, were taken. extending down to 108 inchos. Tnesft, lit Oho or two lnstanoei, reached the ohalk. The subsoil varied a good deal, hut gener ally consisted of a raw yellow day, mixed With flint stones. Our itualysls woro confined prlncl facility fof nitrification, and on this thero was no orop to t*ke up the nitric sold fdrmed, whoro 4he, ralnfkl , ID tho spring add summer was not sufflotont to carry it away; 2. The soil whloh had grewn whlto olovqr \the | previous year, and had not sliK^Mraen disturbed r 3. The two plats >jhloL grOWA rather luxuriant votob AT^pw, the sampling following almost Imme# dlatelv after the removal of the orop. V Under theso very different olroum ; stances, the total a trio lint of nitrogen as tiltfle acid in tho fijiow wheat land, a mo uu tod to between 60 kind CO pound* per aore to the de|>th of 9 ibet, While After tlte flrst If inchos, tho amount of nitrogen as ?I trio aold varied from ono to fbur pounds In eaeh 9 lnohos ot soil. The soil from whloh the1 orops of 1 just been removed con sr more nitrogen is nitric tan the wheat soil down to the wheat land: the bulk of the nitrogen was ntar the surface, In these plats there was more nitrogen In tho lower nitrogen a* nltrio add began to In crease, and instead of eaeh 9 lnohes containing 1. 9 or 8 pounds of nitrogen ?S nitric add per acre?as wWfbe oase on the wheat land?here In eaeh 9 lnohes we Jbmid 8 to 6 pounds of nltrotftn tier acre. The vetch crop removed about 100 lbs. of nitrogen per acre, and It is Just within the range of the roots that the the previous year contained more than |t contained more in the n lnohes pf soil than the contained down to 106 llbti. M((ht?!n Inofw. ot f the next ten samples, ia?. .M in each nine Indies of of all being otMT.of the these results? Vf>i S1& ?|\?ltrlo . acid, Mftr the snrftice-evi deutly dM to stirring of thfc ?oil?and bat little below. Tbe previous wheat crop might hare removed about 80 pounds or nitrogen per acre. Tbe white clover grown the same year as the wheat, must bare removed consid erably more than tills amount of nitro gen, and yet we find that at every depth, there is mnoh more nitrogen as ultrio add In tbe clover soil than there Is where tbe wheat was grown. The vetch crop Jcut before the soil was sampled, had carried off considerably more than 100 pounds of nitrogen, and yet we find In this soil as mnch nitro gen as nltrlo acid, as in the fallow soli. Directly or indirectly, tbe legumluous plants are evidently connected with the large amount of nitric acid formed. To traoe tbe source of tbla nitrogen of the leguminous to the atmosphere ould relieve us firoo) some of our ffleultles, but notoi all. Thts theory 'Is just when we require It* aid all i more, from the stock of nitrogen >ving diminished In oonsequenceofthe ntlnued use of mineral manures. Upon -portionsof this field whore no nitrogenous mfTiiurCH have been ap plied tyr more than thirty vears, we have now growing Wst luxuriant crops of faoern^ saiifoin! and vetohes. Tbo whlto crorar l* alsa^ory good, but tbe Bokhara clover^wlilch lor a cor talu time had been Very luxuriant? has now apparently run its oourse- xt~ all evonts on Its own plats, altttaflFw it might very lifcoly succeed upon % v of the plats where shallow-rooted plants had tailed. The question which forces itself upon us is therefore this: Is it not only a mattor Of time as to > when all leguminous plants supplied with inU? eral manures alonu will fall? fe/e have red clover still grow antly on a rich gaiiilnii of thirty-three y ono venture to Vyrthh growth would have be^Jjrpr up If tlie soil had not been excojLUiigly rich in nltro gen? Poor as oir subsoils are, each niue inches in deith contains between 1.000 pounds and 2,000 pounds of nitrogen to th? acre. A. deep-rooted plant has a dbRjoot advantago over a shailow-rootea plant, If only It can avail itself of tlie material at its dis posal. ./'Whether leguminous plants tal(p Op organic nitrogen, or whether they induce nitrification in tho soil, are Questions which at preseut form part ot our investigations, but so long as there is still about 20,000 pounds of nitrogen per acre within tho reach of some of these deep-rooted plants, we sbtnehow fool that more interest is attached to researches under gronud than those conneoted with the atmos phere. -Sir J. B. Luwf in Country Gentleman. this crops or the static ltoport mt th* Africa!! arM Impartiuen t for the 1st of Jnljr. Tho 8tato Department of Agricul Jure tarnishes the following Informa tion regarding tho condition of the growing orop July 1, derived froui tiio Ijeports of Its township corrcspon COTTON. The returns on the 1st of May indi cated a decrease of one percont. in tho cotton area of tho Stato below that of 1884. The reports July 1, glvinic actual estimated acreage, increased tho area ono per cent, over tho May ro tarns, making It the same as last pear. This estimate, however, Is baood upon the comparative statements by per oentagos and not upon a calculation of actual aoroage by opunties, and as a majority^ of tho counties yftiK>rt an vtnorease It is very probablcfthat whon ttm awff,>wtl teed* kfeflfflflwrt uy tl>e latter method that the rosnlts will show * Mrger area than In 1884. : The weather during tlio month has beeh generally favorable for tho growth and development of the plant, although complaints are made both of too tnuoh rain and a lack of rain in localitios. The grass grew so rapidly after tho rainsln May and Junothat the "stands" of cotton were injured in removing it. It Isgcnorally statod by the correspon donts that tho crop is two weeks later and usual, and tho plant is consequent ly smaller thon in average season*, but s growing well, anddovoloplngflnoly; Is vigorous and has a good color. 1 hero aro exceptions to these roports however, as In Aiken county, whoro a correspondent g^ite? that the plant Is small and hns an unhealthy appear ance; and in other localities whero tho correspondents say that It Is turning yellow from the effects of exoesslvo rains and supposed exhaustion of fer tilizers. Ihe great majority of tho reports wero -very favorablo .notwith standing the Injuries fnontloned. and the condition of the orop is better than, at any time for several year at tho same nerlod. Tho Audition 1* repoft 6d at 00 In upper and lower Carolina, and 96 iii middle Carolina, an averago for iho State of 96against 95 July first. 18$4, ami 94on the first of Jure, 1886. OOftN. The corn crop is generally roportod ?ll? very flue condition. 8omo bottom I adds (jave been overflowed and crops on |he*r*H>ds damaged, and birds and wonn%, been destructive in places, but VvV^^Hrles have n6t been exton slto eiV'flVo AfFect iho general orop, being oOnBnMjo limited areas, Tho ??rly planted oorn Is wall advanced, *1?. Vr.* *nol* good seasons In July jr!Snm * lh6 c?'i' %ft?H average yWld. The Condition Is Carolina at 101, j mMMj? Carolina 99, lower Carolina1 100: average for tho Stato ioo, against Tm*? .18^i* uVd. 97 0,1 "?? ut Jt tl.0 highest condition repot tod At lh)| *G&to tn f)vo vcnrti ?t KM* ,B 11 ntnrncd Aii Improvement Is reported condition of rlo? since tho fl,?t of jH V tesfgaafejgg Aenu/ort, Jtorkoloy, Charleston? (^)e !2!' *??'. .Georgetown cultivated about ?fc ? SJ 7^iV'ro 1,00 of tho In ! - OTIIKK CROPS. The ooiidltlohor sorglinm Is reported *lw 96i #irwt potatoes i^iJ?b\JE?u,<St k. ??<! gurden ?. / Lit*. c"m'po<"t<-"<' report that a much large* area than usual Is being planted In peas and ?KFVmn.oh nS tho ri' ?* IMUW. StMUrs. SffisniBmagsa ti5fJ?S,tS6 ?#n?n? ,w.h,oh ^n immense orowd. The visitors Vernon and other poinU of jnterest. LTMoana i* Uui?i. yulck s?U u**dlv lunni* M?M 0?l to ? M??r? fpr u AMMlt oa ? WlklU W??Mt ( Frvm tko Ortm^OU New, July A)' A gentleman who returned here on Monday night from a ride Into Lau* rent In pursuit of Bob Griffin, a white man accused of stealing a watch, brought a strahgv and horrifying story. He stated that while riding in the road In Laurens county on Monday morn ing be oame suddenly on Ute dead body of a negro man, which on exami nation be found to be perforated with ballot holes. A representative of the Ne%o? investigated tho matter yestor day afternoon and learned the foll6w ing: "The negro's name was Charles Williams. He appeared in tho .High* land Homo section of Laurens two *or three weeks ago, and iras been work ing about there ever since. ? He has caused some anxiety among tho people, especially the ladies, bv frequently parading the public road? with a pistol in bis band. He was a largo, burloy man, of unprepossessing appearanco. On Friday morning at about 8 o'clock a youug lady who lives near Highland Home was awakened by some ono standing by hor b<ftl with' a hand on her.' Sue inquired who it was and then screamed, whereupon tho intru der Iny flat on tho floor as if to hide, but finding that tho lady continued to call for help fled, leaving the houso by a door ho had ,broKon open to outer. Tho lady'* -Juifcher, who was away fi-om homfcjtfffh a throshing machine, was sen^fcJFcarly next morning, and hastened home, lie and others ox ainbrfcd tho tracks of tho Invader and Sound thom to fit shoes worn by Wil liams, (who was arrested in the neigh borhood,) in size, shape and other rospcct8. Williams was much confhsed when arrostcd, and told two stories of where ho had spent the previous night, both of which woro found to be false. When takon before tho young lady whoso room had boon entered, Wil liams was positively identified by her I as her assailant. A magistrate was sont for and tho | evidence wuj heard. It was decided to commit the prisoner to jail to await trial, and ho was put in charge of two doputics to bo taken to Laurcnq. As they were on their way they woro sud denly halted at a branch between Yor gin's and Crisp's bv fifteen or twenty unmasked mon, who opened flro on Williams with various firearms, rid dling his body and head and killing him almost instantly. His body was loft in tho road to await tho arrival of tho coroner. When Williams's valiso was exam ined four locks of hair from tho heads of whito women were found in it. A CAROLINA ARTIST. A Deserved Compliment to the Talent* of Mr, Albert Gnerry. [J*rom the Baltimore Telegram.] A portrait artist whoso work is now attracting an unusual amount of atten tion, and ovoking in somo quarters enthusiastic admiration is Mr. Albert Guerry, a nntlvo of South Carolina, and comparatively a young man, who has cotne to make his homo lh this city. In other cities North and South -Mivl?ueri!y!s_ productions have like wiso found warm and uuatinted ap preciation, and eminent officials, dis tinguished private citizens, and most competent press critics havo rendered tributes to his genius of the most earnest character. Of tho number of prominont persons whoso portraits Mr. GUorry has painted, may ho montioncd those of Gonoral ltobcrt E. Lee, John G? Calhoun, General Robert Toombs, General Gordon, Bishop Lynch, ox Governor Hartranft, Aloxandor 11. Stephens, Win. C. Proston, Archbishop Gibbons, and mauy others whose unntflH air, fumlHar to the country. many oases Mr. Gnerry had never soon the subjects of his work and roliod upon ordinary photographs. Dut his success was nevertheless adihirablo and the fldolity of the llkenoss and oxpre6slon was umply cortifled to, and in some instances by official actlou of State assemblies and publioiustltutions. Since residing hero Mr. Guerry Ifas painted tho potrait of our distinguished citizen, Mr. Enoch Pratt, and which has a conspicuous placo on tho walls of tho Enooh Pratt Free Library. There Is no division of opinion as to his work. Its morits of execution are frooly acknowledged and as a likeness it is inimltablo. Portraits recently from the easol of Mr. Guerry and now to bo seen at his studio, are those of tho late Miss Josephine E. Hopkins, and throo deceased children of well known citizens. Those portraits wore IVom photographs, but their acouraoy of llkenoss and artistic finish havo elicited high praise from thoso who knew tho originals in ? llfo. In thus referring to Mr. Guerry's work It is proper that something should b6 said hero In regard to his special qualities as an artist. First of all his stylo is original. Discarding conventionality to a very great degreo he cannot be claimed to bo u roprosentativo of any ftarticnlar school. As a colorist ho. Is nlmliablo, and his flesh-tints almost glow with lifo uud would seem to ylold to tho very touch. In his lights and shades tho harmony is wondorful and there is a pervading atmosphoro about and around the flguro?an effect in quiring tho most exquisito skill, and which but few artist over attained so perfectly. It is tho intelligenoe and dopth of expression, howovor, that peculiarly rifatlniruUn Mr. Guerry's portraits, and wliioh is tho first great quality of them that impresses the beholder. Ills are almost sneaking portraits, full of vitality and glow and earnestness, and, revealing tho very attributes of the charaoter of the |>or Spuago represented. Ill a word Mr. Guerry's |>ortraltA aro gems of high art arid models of physical fidelity and truthf\ilnes?. This'is no exaggerated praise. Professionals and laymen llAvo accorded It to him in warmer Is than tbene, and no ono can view without boing in like manuor It is to bo hoped that this wtll havo oncouragoiriont 4<> detormino him to n* Tdro Itts pormanent abode, for lie is certainty 011 acquisition or thorough gonitis and rare gifts, and by whose.prosoilco our nrt culture can tie greatly aidod. -VTho President last weok Appointed aIx eadot* at largo to West Point. Among thorn in B. M. Clearv, who in a non of a business inAn of Washington* lie personally presented his requost to the President for appolntmont, And Impressed him no favorably tlmt Un determined to grant hit potion. Thero in not a slnglo pApor in recommendation of thit ft^tMjKTmcnt. ?Tho north-bound gnr t*alu on the VirginiA Mid wF&ftUway Afrrt the fhst mail train, 3?o?ti bound, col lided because of an open switch, otto mile hoyond Lynchburg At ttfo o'clock on Wednesday Aftornoon. lloth en gines were wreoked and sovoral ooaohes damAged. A number of pas sengers vroro slightly hurt, hut none seriously. ?The convention of delegates of Agricultural colleges oalle<l by Agrl tural Commissioner Cohnan mot at Washington last week. South Caro ling was not represented. Among the delogates were Prof. Cha*. W. Daonev of North, Carolina. Btato chemist and dlrcotor of the ngricntturAl experlmen tal station, and Gen 8. P. I>ee. presi dent of tho State Agricultural College fit Mississippi. *??? ?f laUniti oSir(4 IUWI Ul JjaVe at ?Tho Georgia Legislature week. ??Paris has undertaken to drt ?warms of-beggar* from her st ? ?Of tho 517 students at tho U ?Ity of California, 81ft intemPto tloe law. N " ^ . ?Mrs. Merrick, wifo of R. T. Mtorrlck, died at Washi Thursday afternoon, ?Jt is stated that unless taken by September 1 Egypt completely bankrupt. ?Gcnoral Grant oontiuae? usual. Tho latest aooountft, >?? seem rather unfavorable tljai* jrise. ? ' ?A-rovohrdoiv is reportod to bar? broken out in Venezuela. The troops aro said to havo gone over to the surgouts. ? ? YjW ?A Kentucky politieiftu was sent to jail on Tuesday fbr improperly ap {^baching tho judge on bohalf of a prisoner. ?Earthquake sliooks continue to bo .felt in the Vale of Cashmore at inter vals of thrco days- On the 4th iust., a severe shock was folt at Sorlnagur. ? Legal proceedings for the deter initiation ot tho mental condition of John McCnllough, the actor, I length been takon by his wifo in delphia. ?Governor Lowrv, of has commuted tho death sontenoo of Thos. Hughes, convictod ot murder in Monroo county, to imprisonment fbrl life. ? A Wilmington, Del*, dispatch Kays that Mrs. liayard, wifo of tho Secretary of State, is pronounced in a very crit ical condition. Her rccoveey is almost hopoless. ?Tho cholera continuos in Spain, | without abatement cithor in cases or in deaths. Thero aro cases at Madrid? notwithstanding tho indignant denials of tho city folks. ?Secretary Manning says that uoith or First Auditor Clienowith nor Ap pointment Clerk Iliggins lias been requested to resign, reports to the contrary notwithstanding. ? Tho owners of 60,000 Texas cattle stopped on tho borders oi tho Colorado by au armed forco in tho pay of a rival cattle Interest, have applied to the United States commissioner for relief. " ?Governor Alger has votoed the Michigan bill abolishing the contract labor Bystem in prisons, after having recommondcd it in his mossago. A similar bill faited to pass in Illinois. ?Tho fever in Plymouth, Peiftf;. Is fast disappearing* The number of ?lok now being cared for is 163,, During the pa%t week five new cases were ad mitted to the hospital and thirtv?olght recovered. ?Joremiah O. Bartholow, a well known citizen of St. Louis, committed sulcido In bod last week. He wa? attacked by au Insaue son about a year ago and never fully recovored from his injuries. *. - i '>v ?Light attendance and compara tively uninteresting races wore the characteristics of Monmouth Park last week. The winners werd Richmond, Electric, Wanda, Miss Woodford/Exo cutor and Wostwlnd. ?Dr. Leonard, tho Prohibition can dldato for GovernorOf Ohio, thluks the Prohibition party will at ?n early date cause tho disintegration of the Repub lican party and plaoo the Democrats in a hopoless minority/ ' ?J? L. Hickman, who (wo vears ago ran nway with,$22,QOO belonging lot ho Cathollo Knights of America, or which order he was grand treasurer, Ms turned promise, to hl? horn* lu ? Va. -Ho will be proseouU^, ?Tho Presideut last week ai Josoph L. Morgan, of South 6, to be Secretary of Leg*tto$l United btates to Mexuo." Mr. Morgan has been a resident of Mexico for some timo and scales the language of>tho country. ?* ?In Walton county, Ga., last Week, Henry Crawford shot and killed\Col. Gordon. Tho men were substantial farmers. Thoy had fallon out ab6ut a fence lino and whon Gordon attempted to run it Crawford stoppod it with his shotgun. Tho slayor has opcaped. ?Fred Sohlintzon, proprietor of tho American Houso at Lemont* 111., was found dead in tho hotol last Friday with a bullet wound in his head. Pub iio opinion is divided as to whether ho was murdered or committed sui cido. ?Miss Kate W. Gentry, j a .lady tWenty-clght years,of age, committed suicide at Richmond, Va., on Thurs day by bunging horself flrom the top of a door frame with the wlndow-sasn cord. Her mind had been unsettled for several weeks. ?Tho Secretary of War has directed Lieutonant General Sheridan to take I'm mediate steps towards the oonccn (ration of all tho troops, that they may bo avallablo in case of Indian disturb ances in tho West. ' It Is reprjrtod to tho War Department that the Indian troubles grow inOro threatening. ? -Tho Rev. M. ft Turner. a Metho dist minister, who lives at Lawrence vllle, Ga., committed suletde af Slono Mountain, Ga., last week * by taking strychnine. He wrote a lottorfohis wlto saying sho was not to blame, but that he had lost feitband hope fop this world and that which was to oonie, ? ?It Is said that tho Chinese aW introducing their national oath-bound organizations into the United States. Ah enterprising reporter liM dlsoov ered that tho proclamations of the Yee Ilang, tho most /feared of all secret aH aopes. aro being scattered through out Philadelphia. :* , A cyclone, accompanied by terrlflo lightning, thunder and rain, Struck Watorbnry, Tt.. last Friday. The covorod woodon bridge, 212 feet long, across the Winooskl River, was eom' plotoly dostroyod. Lo?$ft,W uSSs, chimneys, trees and the splrtf oftthe Methodist Church In tho village Were blown down. An elm tree four flWMn diameter, was torn up by the roots. ?The sum of $191,652 voted by Congress in 1879 to placo marble htid-1 stonos ovor the graves of soldfet 6 and sailors who fell In tho olvll War wherever thoy may be burled, Is ex hausted. It Was the unexpended bal* Ttttcoof tho million dollar* voted In IbMieadstonei over solders aud sailors burled In tho national cemeto Hes, ? - K. Rosenthilwa prosperous young I Jewish merchant dC. Qpryallls. Oregon, was cow hided on ~Mt** KMne and Mr. Kline< n.? in law and1 father in tnw, bees would not marry the sHtdv oeasod wife. He thereupon note saying they had driven hid death, and bl#w Out bid brain* revolver. . '>? * ^, ?l*ho Austrian minister was the first oallor tho President had on Monday, and from the faot that the twogenlfo men held a Iftngthy conference br'tho library it was stated that Minister Kelloy's case Was under consideration. Ilaron Hnhaefer was non-committal when questioned ooneerning hts Inter view with the President, but it Is understood that the United States will not consent under any elreumsti to recall its representative to Aui iMMrf lb? ** ??*??? *? tu?t|| C*f*UM< ?Tho Baptist' Church at Spartan burg Is being wU,? ?**?*,rou* ?Tliere are 604 llena ou record In the Clerk'# offlce, Lexington, amount ing to #30,884.14. - The annual reunion or Company Ik Sixth 8. C. Cavalrv, Conffedorate Setorans, will be beltf at Edgefield C. H., on the 26th Inatant. ??There are 1,660 Hem on record this year lit Marlon ooualv aggregat ing 9165,000, which Is about twenty i?er oeuU less than last year iLrr-MarvAt# Williams, acolored girl, mm tl^InTkllU^eourty last woek Hrhlle atttemptlug to klntlo a flro with keroseiWi V r ?The Spartanburg and Asbevillo Railroad Is uow graded to within flvo miles of Uendorsonvlllc, and 260 men are at work on tho la9t sea ion. ?The National Bank of Sumter, after ruuulng eighteen months, declar ed a dividend of ovor sevmtoon per cent. Its net profits wera $8,901.04. ?The Kov. N. W. Ednunds and family, of Sutnter, have goio to their country homo In Rlchfiwd county, where they will spend thdr vacation. _?A partv of flshermer from New berry won't down to Frishleys, on Broad ltlvcr, on tho 2ul and they caught about threo hundral pounds of fl8h* , XI ?A colored woman lamed Mc Knlght was found inurikrcd In tho upper part of Charleston <n Thursday morning. Four colored men have been arrested on suspicion -Up to July 1st, there vero filed in the'7Clerk's offlOo in Lawastor .1,000 liens. Of tl.oso, 1,336 w<re for sup plies, 268 for rent of laul, and 7 for hire of work animals. The lions for supplies alone aggrogato 1138,000. ' A eonvontlon of tk> Methodist Sundav schools of Lexhgtoii circuit will be held at lied Baik Factory on tho 29th instant. A baslot plcnlo will bo given, and a cordial invitation has been extended to frlontk of other dc? nominations. Tho Peabody Teaclers' Institute will tneet In Atlanta on July 27, and contlnuo for four weeki Dr. James H. Carlisle, president oiWoflbrd Col lege, will deliver sevsrai lectures before the Jfstltute dui,,2 tho flr8t week in AngnRt. ?Mr. A. Meyers, ofLancaster, has left at tho Ledger offlce tho limb of a 'applo-treo threo foot loig, takon from the Boudon place on tho Catawba Rlvor, which contains seventy well developed apples. Tio tree, It Is thought, will yield fiftybnshels. ilCaptaln D. D. More, of Rock Hill, died on tho 2*dlaged C7. HJ served In tho Whyte Gu.rds, tho Fifth C. S. Infantry and Commny K, * ijlh S. C. Cavalry, during ho war. Ho was a Mason, and at tto time of his deach Grand Recorder ?f tho Grand Council. ' --Mr. II. L. Hill, a baiholor of tho Duntonsvllte section o' Edgefield eountv, has adoptod a pan ot firing throo" salutes with a csinou every tlmoa child Is born in ?s neighbor hood. ? He bogan this tl* first of the year ahd already It Is spidho has spent a bale ot cotton for powdc. p. Chat field, poprlctor of Highland Park Hotel', Allen, has pur ohaased Dr. Bardeon's dlav term near that place and will make it a i^odol establishment. Mr. ChatfiW esteems a oroa* of Jerseys or Ilolstfns on our natlvo oattlo dealor bettcrsthan thor OUjfhbrod cattle. t . -rThe reunion of Cora paw F, Pal motto Sharp Shooters, wll.occur at Captain.John G. Able s mil*,k?i l?*" Friday, thoaiatJubu Colonel Jamtfs A. Hoyt, of (roenvillo, anttthe Senator and ReprGeutatlvos of the county, are expoctodijo deliver addresses. ? j ?N. C. Cushman, of Alk?i, whilo crossing a ditch, had his legnicirolcd by a rattlesnake four and a half feot long, which made several atfempts to fix his fangs in hit log, but lis pants saved him. Tho snako ltd eleven rattles. Mr. Cushm&u fuceoded in shsking it ofT and thon kiiledit. ?Dr. C. Lee, of Spartanhirg, has rocoived a letter asking foraploturo of Colonol John M. Dean. ?fbme com pany out West is getting ip a pano ramic view of tho battlo ofPhllon and they desire his picturo as ono of tho prominent figures. IIo Wis killed in this battle at tho head ofhls roglmont Anyone having such & picture will confer a favor by souring it to Dr. Leo.' ?Rook 11111 Herald'. "Glowing re ports of tho crop proapeta contlnuo to come from every sectlonof this county. Cotton was never moreproinislng and the corn orop la finer thn for a nurabor of yeaf*. The graas h.a been pretty generally overcome, ?d with con tinned favorable aoaao'S, our farmers Will receive a splondidreturn the com ing fall for their labou." ?The Anderson oi'mlll and fertil iser manufactory hftf been organized with tho tallowing oftcera: President, J, A. Brock; Bdoretay and treasurer, B. Fraud Mnuldln; superintendent. J. 11. Townaend; llreotora, L>. 8. Maxwell, Dr. W. I. Nardln. J. E. l'eoplo's, E. B. lurray. W. W/ Humphreys and \V 8. Lfgon. The company will manu&ctnro cotton seod meal and fertilizer* of a high grade. Tho 'company stats with flattoring pronpocta. ? ??Mr. IlOnry J. lendrlx, of Hollow Creek send* the lixlugton Ditpatcd the following lone female names of that Ideality? Barhra Balgoro Chick asaw Cherokee Oiooktaw Tennoaaee Sprinkle; ind Harlel Ann Cassandra Dlahio Bowie JaalO'' Lttha Hanover Adams. Mr. H.D. Bailey sends tho following I6ng italeuamo; Benjamin Bathurst Benbov William? Henry Jdremlah Andrlw Jaokiott Slngo* Poter(}eo|<o Waahlngton John son. ?Mr. W. Hi'pickert aays he has working undor hro, In the Newberry Cottori Mills yan^thfee living curiosi ties. One la a wjnh 49 years of ago, who has neVer'l^Hpn a drop of any kind of mod.lclno in his life, not even a doso of qnlpln* another ls<aman 8fl years of-aae WW> nover rode oil horseback In lill Ilk and saya there la not a temdollar bll, bright enough to get him on tho gonwst one in town} and the third, and |roateit Is la negro who says he nevcf torrid an umbrella over him to keep (hi ann off. ?On the Pottttille and Mahoney Railroad in Pottsdlle, Pa., on Friday morning by the ftVIng In of a ent hloh was being ivacuated. Joseph soker, of YorkvilU, boss of. a gang. Italian l*lx>ror* were buriod _.tOns of forth. Beokorand ono Italian fttfrinalnntly killed} anoth er Italian had a 1?| broken, aud the remaining two w<re badly out and bruised. -'-Two arrests for unlaw Ail cohabi tation wore mud ft tnt>alt Lako City last week^Robert 8W\ln artd Robert Jlorrla, both poor Attn and eaoh with three wives and largt herds of ehlld ren. Swain's polygamous wives gava nvldenoe freely, mfm tlwy Ware hla wives and he thottfkthor of their children. Both wore placed tinder bonds ti await the action Of the grand Jury* A L?a?Hla Laotam %? The Honorable Jerusalem Sbolwoll, of Virginia* being introduced lo the Lime-Kiln CI ta b, urbcoedod to dliouu one of hit twenty-eight lecture*, this on? being on human nature. He ukl, among other things: "It am the easiest thing in the world to mako ? friend. Fust, locate your man. Seo ond, aiae him up. '.If lie am a rata, proud man praise Ills personal appear* anoe, his home? his wife, cblH'on au' speech ee. No man am so poo* an' lowly dat his words of pratso won't 8oud sweet to an egotist. "If ho am a cross, surly, out-o'-sorts chap, feelln' sartin in his own mind dat | de'world wasu't built on corroct prin ciples, doan' try to argy wid him to convinoe him dat dU airth am all O. K. from oellrft to garret Qn de contrary side In wid him. Growl at de world, abuso mankind, an' toll him how sorry you am dat ho wasn't ou ban1 to man ago things about 200 y'ars B. C. It will be like doin' up a sore too in a greased rag. "Wbon you meet a man who am sort o' snoakin frew life on do quiot?nob ber hoard of outsldo of his own naybur hood?modost. unassumln', an' only wantln' to bo lot alone, food bim gum drops. Tell liiiu you havo hoard bis name mensltuned us a oaiulidato fur aldorraan. Ask hitu what y'ar it was he ruu fur de Legislaohur. Inquar' whon bis next book of poems is to bo pub 1 is hod. Ax bim if no am do 0mith who Inyentod tho comoU Ho will crlngo and winco, but ho will go home an' think it ober an' be your friond for life. ? 4,Dar' atu cranks to bo humored. Dar' aiu cccontrics to bo praisod. Dar' am 'clrclln' 'round us day by day a chain of mon and women who doan' know boans from broomsticks, but who mils' bo complimented on doir ex quisite tastes an' high ordor of Intel lock. "As do tlmo allottod to mo has 'bout expired, lot mo say to you, iu closin' dis discourse, dat do man who makes enemies am no roador of human natur'. It am jist as easy to mako ten good friends as ono ouomy. Abuso no man's pollytics. Slur no man's roligion. Hold no argymonts with a man who has boon soured bv misfortunes. As fur womou?treat all aliko by praisiu' all. Roturnin' you my capacious thanks fur de omblotuatioul indifferenco you havo exhibited throughout tho dolivory of this colobratod lecturo, I draw my solf to a close."?Detroit Free I'rcss. What Sho Sacrificed. Goorgo Eliot can neither bo dofonded on tho ploa that every mau must bo tried by canons he assents to, nor con surcd on tho ploa that virtuo consists in constant submission to variable opinion. Tho lirst would absolvo fana tics and tho other would supersede con science. It is equally certain that sho noted in conformity with that which, in 1864, sho esteemed right, and in oolltradiction to that which was tho dominant and onduring spirit of her own work. She did not fuel that she was detracting from" her authority by an act whioh gavo countenance to tho thesis that associates rigid othics with rigid dogma, for she claimed no authority and did not dream of settiug an example. Tho idea of her geuius had not dawned. That sho possessed boundless possibilities of doing good to men and of touching hearts that no divine and no philosophor could roach was still, at 35, a see ret to horsolf. At fi&t sho was nstonished that anybody who was not superstitious coultl find fault with bor. To deny horsolf to old friends, to earn w.iUt hor pon an iu como for hor whoso placo sho took, to pass among strangers by a name which was not hor due, all this did not seom too high a price for the happinoss of a homo. Sho urgod with uathotlo gravi ty tbat sho know what tiW.vvju losing,. She did not know it. Ostensibly she was resigning a small group of frlonds and on obsoure position In literature. What she really sacrificed was liborty of speoob, the foremost t ank among tho women of her time, and a tomb in Wostminstor Abbey.?'l'he Nineteenth Century. Stand-up And Turu-clown. Tho dudo collar, tho tall, stiiT choker, rosombling a wristband, which lias boon so much'ouricatured, litis had its day. Though not onlirely oxlinct, it only flourishes as a last relic around tho necks of a few superannuated sports and sooond-class ni.vdiors. Thnso who havo boon ablo to "catch on" know that it has boon suporsodod by a sonio wliat lower collar Known as tho "dog oarod," with tho ond bont over in fiont. This is tho swoll oollar now. iu voguo both in this country find abroad, and will contiuuo to bo worn a groat deal, ovon during tho suiuinor, especially for driving and all other dressy occasions. With.lt will bo worn all sorts of ties and cravats?four-in-hands prominently and ? ovon tho ,colllii-lid-shai>od Hat scarfs. Oat of forty bOxos of collar* gold on ono rocont fair day at a Broad way storo some thirty woro dog-oarod. For thoso who liko to adhere to stand up oollars there is a now shapo, with the ends sloping away instoad of com ing together. This V-shaped collar is said to be tho latost thing adopted by the prlnco of Walos. T^io turn-down oollar will bo worn to sonto oxtont dur ing tho sumihor, but will be narrow. Tho oharaoter of scarfs and tios to bo worn all /avor the stand-up oollar. As young men now usually use Jlonuol shirts to knoo-: around in (luring the summer, and as thoro aro low dress oo oasions when tho stand-up oollar doos not look well, there is not muoh nood for turn-doWns.?-New York Mail and Bxpreifi. The Smne Dill. As a south ferry Stage parsed Cham bers street going up yostordav morn" ing a pretty young woman climbed in and took a seat by tho door. Fumb ling for lomo tlmo in her purse, she drew a (5 bill and handed it forward to a gentleman who passed It up to the driver. Of courso it was handed baok to her. ' \ ? "Is thero not scmo gentloman here who can change It for me?" sho askod. No one answered. "Then 1 suppose t must get out, and perhaps miss the train at the Grand Central depot." x Opposite her sat a young man who got up, and. paying her fare, was to ward od with a nod o( thanks. ' At Union' s^baro she left the stage and en to rod a store. Half, an hour | later the young man who paid her fare Was oomlng down Broadway when at : 8th street the same voting woman ! hailed the stage, entered, and, without redognlslng her benefaotor on the up ?rip, handed him the Identical fft bill with * little tear In ono corner. He had ohange in. his pooket, paid her fare, and handed herWk $4.90. "That Is 6 cents short, sir," she said, after counting the ohange. ??I guess not Ipald your faro, miss, oomlng np. How many miles do yon ride on the credit of ft $r> bill?" She .blushed scarlet, pulled the strap, alighted, and hurried around the oorner info Bond street. T. Tribune. , , . Ml ? ri ihi^i > I? '??? IWI..I.I. Ardent lover?4*! have oalled, sir, to ask your permission to pay my addres ses to yoor daughter." Old gent (somewhat'; donf)?"Pay for dro^o*? Why, certainly^ my dear sir. Here are the bills*" He gava one glance at them and then flod.?Philadelphia ValL Persimmons woro llri?espoken' of In Erint by Capt. John Smith,who olassed lem among Virginia plums. The seed of thd petunia grandiflora la worth #600 an odttoe. A Waa* ?f Uffctalac. A singular freak of lightning oc curred heir Stockholm, Sussex county, N. JM on Ifondajr afternoon. Puring ihe thundervtorui a bull of fire pawing between the chidnfy and a tall tree, only a foot or two distant; without touching either, entered tho window of the house of a man named Shoon maker and bounded, across the room, burning a track iu the carpet wherever it touched. Then it divided into two torks, ono striking a clock on the wall, shivering .it to atoms, and glancing aside it passed out of another window, broakiug three panes of glass. It ploughed along tho greund for about l&Ofeot, leaving an Irregular fnrrougb, and then entered tbo ground and dis appeared. The second fork tore its way out through the wall and vanished into the ground.- Several persons were lu the reom at tho time. Mrs. Shoon maker, who was holding her baby iu her arms, was the only person injured. Sho was stunnod and rotnalned insen sible for a few moments. The baby was not Injured. ?Judge Chenowlth," on behalf of a number of Texas soldiers, has present ed Gen. llosocrans with a pistol cap tured by Tcxaus in a raid on his bag gago train iu tho summor of 1864. On tho stock of tho pistol are inscribed tho names of tho battles in whlck Gen. llosecrans was victorious. Tho Gen oral was much pleased with his present and with tho manner ot its restora tion. , ?Tho Marino Hospital service re ports that the rumored case of yellow fever in New Orleans has been investi gated and found to be a genuine case. , As no evidence of its having been imported can be discovered, considers able anxiety is occasioned by its ap- ! f>earanco at-ibis time. The patient at | ast reports, however, was convales cent.. -r-The Pall Mall Gazelle has pro duced a tremendous sensation, not only In London but all over England, by its disclosures of the immoralities of men high up in society. It is charged, in particular, that "young women are taken from their homes, on different protests, for immoral purposes?the parties who take them being paid by those who use tho women. Public sentiment overwhelmingly?-Trrtiains Pall Mall, but tho authorities ??r^? lug to suppress the papers. j SPRING OPENING. Call and inspect the Spring Stock just received by P. L AN DECKER &BRO We guarantee nt all times tlie very LOWEST Prlcr* TlT "TJTPbs OooK; White Goods, Notions, Embroide ries, Lat;e?, Ribbons. Veil ings, Lawns and Piques, " Fancy Ginghams. Tho largest, best assorted and FINESTSTOCK OF MPKI2VW AXI> HCMHKK CLOTI1IXU, | Consisting of Dress and IluHint'ss Suits, for Men, Youths and Hoys, with a full and complete line of GBNTS' iX'llNINlIINil UOODN. ' TO CONVINCE YOU OF TIIAT FACT CALL ON P. LAN DECKER &BRO. 'ONIMHcIO ONHLIS crjsrvff-o LEMINGTON, JR. A HE young lfor??, LEMINOTON, Jr., will ataud the dialling ?i>rln{r aensnn nt hla atnblo in Wlnnaboro. t'mj<e, Ton V <lia jxiul in advance. Every enre will bo taken to prevent accidents, but ml liability will bit j\*aumed for nny Hint may occur. rtMlORHK OF T,KMIN<JTON. Wan bred by (Jol. Tho*. (h llacoii from hla celebrated raoa horae Lynchburg, ho by Imported )<einliiKton, (aew Ilruce'a American Stud Book, Orny Norma, f>agu 499,) tho diuu of I,einlngton, Jr., waa Lost Canao, by /.evonno, out of FeabraHO, she by Imported Alblou, out of Orfty Norma, ahe by Imported Levlatfclan, out of Mdrglanna, ahe by Pacalet. out of Ulack Bophla ana abo by Topgallant. The celebrity of tbo a took mentioned render* fntthei tracing of the pedigree unnecessa ry.: A. WILMFOMD A HON*. i THIS ADHthfilUI OF THE PRODUCT OF 1. W. If Alt PHIt. Distiller, Nolaoti (Jonnty, Kentucky, Urn hereby Informed that hla Whlakoy I* not aold propilacuoualy over tho country, bui to placed only Into the handa of one reapoctable dealer . In eaeh place, wlio?o name la n guarantee that tho Whlakev la aold pure ft* It cornea from the DI?tlllory. T, T. LUMPKIN la the only authorized Agent for Wlnnaboro, 8. V. June 27 THE PEOPLE. Buy the Best! Mb. J. O. Boao?Dear Sir: I bought th* Arat Davis Machine sold by you over five years ajjo for my wife, who has given it n long and fair trial. I am well ploasod with it. It never gives any trouble, and i3 aa good as when first bought. J. W. Bolxok. Winnsboro, 8. 0., April, 1883. Ma. Boao : You wish to know what I have bo Bay in regard tb tho Davis Machine bought of you threo yours ago. I fOv>l I can I say too much in its favor. I made about $80 within tivo mouths, at times running it so fast that tho noodlo wou'd ?et porfoctly hot f :om friction. I fool confident I oould not havo done tho samo work with a* much oaao nnJ so well with any other machine. No tune was ,'ost in Adjusting attaohmonts. Tho liilhtost running machine I havo ovor treadled. Brother James And William's familios are as much pleased with their Davis Machines bought of you. I waut no bottor maohine. As I said bofore, I don't think too muoh can bo said fee tho Davit Machine. RospeotfuUy, JTi.lkm Srr.vxNSON. Fairfield oounty, April, 1883. Mb. Boxo : My machino gives mo perfool Nitisfaotion. I find no fault with it. Thi mtaohments nro so simple. I wish for no better than tho Davis W"'.ioal Food, ^ospoctfully. Mm. H. Mii/mno, FaiifMtf coiwy, April, 1833. ^Ma. Boao : I bought a Davis Vertica Feed 8ewing Maohino from you four yoar *go. I am doligh'.e J with it. It never t(ivon mo uuy troible, and his never l>ov tho least out of order. It is as good as wht-b I fin\t bought it. I can ohoor fully roco.o \nond it. Respectlully, Mi.s. M. J. Kiuklan? Montioollo, April HO, 1883. Thm is to cer ify thai I havo boon uaing t Davis Vortical Food Sowing Machino foi ? /or twoyeara. parchasod of Mr. J. O. Bong [ hrvon't found it possessed of any fault all itio attachments nro so simplo. It novo! reftnoa to work, and is <ortamly tho liglitoil running in tho markol T consider it a Urn* t)a*s machine. Vory roapootfully, t MlSNI* M. WlI,t,INUUA*i Oakland, Fairllold county, 8. O. Mn. Boao : I am well pleased in ovary p.ir tioalar with tho Davis Miohinj bought of yoa. I think it a ArtU'.'lue ?nohiuq in ?vory rosp03t. You krow y ?. '^li aovora lanchinos of tho saini inn':o to different momborsof our familios, all of who'n, as far ?.* I know, aro woll pliuiso.l with thorn. Refpoovfully, ?Mn, M. II. Modlkt. -? Fairfield ^ounty, April, 138& use the Dat three yeara tigo. . have madotho prioo of it&overnt timo? ovor and don't,want any bottor machine. It in always really to do any Itin.l of work wo hnv<j to do. No puckering or skipping stitchon. We oan only say wo are woll pioaaod, and srlsh no bottor mnohino. % Catuuuink Wxjie, and Sistor ipnl 25, 1883. I have no fu> It to fl-? \ with m/ miiu...., Mid don't want any w- Uor. I have made tho prices of it sovor.it Mmo;i by taking in towing. \t w ul\v:i? t . ,ady to da its work. think it ? tirst-oLair, mu'hino. I fool 1 in't sny V)o much fw tho Davis Vertioa] l'ee? Mao.uno. \rtus. Tito ma Smith. Fairfleid county, April, 1883. Mb. J. O. Baxo ? Djar Sir: It give* n, muoh pleasure to toatify to tho inorits of tie Davis Vertical Food Sowing Mao!iino. Tho maohine I not of you about flvo yoars ago h is boon almost in oonstaut use .ovor since that time. I oaaaot eoe that it in worn any, nnd has not oost mo ona oont for ropoira since wo hare had it. Am woll pleased and don't v/m or any better. Yoara truly. Roiikht Cbawtom>. Granite Quarry, near Winnaboro, S. C. We havo nsed the Davis Vorticil Food Sow Ing Machine for tho Inst five yoars. W? would not have any othor mnko at any prims The machine has given us unboundod i.itii faction. Vory rospoclfully, Mho. W. K. Tuunks and l)ous;hto.n. Fairfield oonnty, S. 0., Jan. 27, 1*W Having bought a Davi> Vortlcnl Footl ho* ing Machine irotn Mr. J. O. Dong fioino tl,.' years ago, and it having given mo iiurfcn satisfaction in evory rospoct as a family ma chino, both for hoavy and light sowing, and nevor noodod the least ronair in any way, 1 can oheorfully rocommonu it to any one as n first class inaohlno in evory particular, nnd think it sooond to none. It is one uf I lit simplest maohinos made; my ohildron uno it with all ease. The attachments are more easily adjusted nnd it dous a greater rango of work by means of its Vertical Food than any other machine I havo ever soon or nsed. Mrs. Tiiomaa Owikoh. Winnaboro, Fairflold county, 8. O. We have had one of the Davis Maohin./* abont four years and have always found in ready to do nil kinds of work wo havo I uS occasion to do. Can't soo that tho machine la worn any, and worka as well ns when now Mas. W. J. CaAwronn. Jackson Creek, Fairflold oonnly, 8. 0. My wife I* highly yiuase 1 with tho Dnvl? Mnohino bought of yon. Mho would noi tnl<? double what sho gavo for it. The mnoliln< has not been out of order slnoo sho had it and she can-do any kind of work on It. Very respectfully, Jar. F. Fr??. Montioello, Fairflold oonnty, 8. C. The Davis Sowing Machine is wtinply rtatur*. Mn*. .T. A. Ooo~*jvy? Rldgaway, N. 0., j'sn. 10,188fl. J. 0. Boao, Agent ?flln Mj tlfa hsi?? boon lining n Dovlo Sowing Mnc\\ln? lonstantly for the j ast fonr years, and it las never needed any repairs nnd worka just as woll ns when first bonght. Sho says it will do a greater range or practical work tnd do it easlor ?iri tatter than any maohin* the hart ev*?r nsed. Wo oheerfnlly rooona ?end it an a No. 1 fnmity machine. Yours truly. J as, Q. Da Via. iVIimalioro, 8. C., Jan. A, lft88. M?. Uoao?I have always fotind my Da^ machine ready to do all kinds of w6tk. i have had occasion to do. I cannot aeo thn? the machine is worn a particle, and it work# U well at when new. Respectfully, Mas. Rornear 0. Goonmfi. WiNMsnoao, 8. O., April, 1883. Ma. Boao?My wife has been oonstantly ising the Davis machine bonght of vest ibont fife years ago. I have never regretted ktiying it, as it la always ready lor any kind (f family sewinff, either heavy or light. It i never out of fix or needing repairs. Very raepectfully, VtmuM. S. O., Mar oh 1A88,