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Corn meal product# inoro ?orghuai meal does. It is Mid that fresh, clean hog's lard rubbed on waits of bancs or cattle three or four tines, will remove those exccea Jo supply jour fowl*, that are confined, ;wi(h ; are well cracked. fcjfraS that arc weevil eaten can be >d by pouring boiling water . which will destroy the insect without Injuring the germ. * ;'5>5 Dr. Bturtevant advises that plum trees be grown' In the poultry-yard. His ex perience is that poultry about tho trees prevent the work of the ourcullo. If pumpkins are fod to milch cows, the aeed should not. be allowed to be Mten. They reduce the flow of milk through thslr action on the kidneys. A correspondent asks, 4 'Can the * co be grafted successfully on the f". Host fruit growers, responds the ew Tork Herald, agree that it cannot. It is not safe to feed potatoes, /tur- . nips or other small roots to cows without slicing. Cattle chew food very little before H goes into the stomach, and small hard roota are just the shape to roadily choko A top-drossing of woll-dccowposod manure may be spYead with benefit on lawns that were not overthrifly. during the summer. Give a dressing also to trees and shrubs that failed to mako s.it is fac tory growth. I ? v ?'<?? ' Few fanners try to save liquid man* ?ro in liquid form. It is too much labor to spread evonly on tho lund. Ncvertho Icss those farmers m&ko a great mistake who do not save it by obsorbonts, so Chat it will go on tne land and holp tho A few shovelfuls of earth thrown among beets, whether stored in tho eel* lar or in pits, will greatly ImprovQ their keeping qualities. In cel?urs tills is especially necessary, and a covering of sods over the top of the heap is a further advantage. , Apples may be kept as follows : Fill nearly to the top, barrels with the apples, and then pour in flue, dry sand, and shake down gently till all the corners ?re filled witff sand. It Is ? claimed that th? apples cared lor in this way will keep Indefinitely. If Ofbfb timbers are placed in cribs among the corn they "will prevent tho latter from moulding by keeping the cars from settling as the moisture dries out. . v A tot ot dry cobs bf last vear's crop are also helpful, as they absoro much moist ure from the drying ears. It is a mistake to leavo low land un drained with tho idea that it will make as good pasture as aby. If drained it would be the best soil on tho farm for ' cropping, and its superior fertility will help restore other portions of tho farm that have become partially exhausted. New corn is worth more to feed to cows than for any othes stock. They will eat cob as well as grain* which U not the case with othor stock; Ears of soft com are fed with very little waste, as there it more nutriment in greon cobs than in thoso that have become hard and woody. Road dust or other dry earth is valua ble in the stables, not only as an absorb* ent for the liquid manure, but as a pre? ventlvo or euro for barn mange, or scab. v ointment for that A Purpose if it is scattered ovor the head, shoulders and back of th<f animal,, but if used daily on tho floor they will gathor enough of it without further trouble. ? - Any one who will watch cattlo that have been turned out to pasture will wonder how quickly they will learn to pick out and eat too sweetest herbago. That on the richest soil not made rich by recent manuring is best. ~ Tho grass over . nn underdrnin is also better than that on ^J^jfoaiWned soil. Undoubtedly there li the same diffcronce in crops cut and fed to stock, but it is not so easily noticed ai ^ where cattlo make their own selection. ? As a general thing tho summer ?c<ison through, horses can do moro work than oxen for this reason, if no other ? they can ?tand the heat better. Both ar< important on a considerable farm, and il the oxen is found to bo worth tho most when ago suspends labor, the horse will have made up tho difference by the ce lerity of hid movements, and tho more diversified uses for which his labor has been made availablo. lloth are good in and no oxteOBivc farmer ii iQt. 'pUjiinoRS who .ii . lor. ? lAvbMon Journal, y A farmer, who has made a Bmnll for* tune of late years out.of hogst says thai lucod'ln Kovembor and December tfoto 30m alone. He is becoming more fully -^nilnbed evoryday that tWo- fourths failures in hog raising are duo to ring the old idea of hog and corn, yftky we can succor feeders in cheap cbtv making our pork prlncK iiwtgh Aftove, $?? OI fOXBr.0gff?. $?V'J tfce^up very ?ichor. >tfttocd throe ?utter, 'ono of >Mng milk I vblo ten minute#; then turn out And bruih over with one well k. Hrown intho ovdn. Fill with e curry, Mm.4^ wlmli ikt Pt.tm Pudding. ? One sunt, chopped, not too floe, one onrrani*. ofle pound of raj?liW, ur egg?, half a nutmeg, grotcJy > off citron end lemon pcofrthmd tidnful of beaten gtogw', half a hread crumb*, half pound flour, pice; use m much milk a* will pother very thick; then take in your pudding, Which should 5&?-? R Weigh two pounds, four h ffret, tO ol?*n them, raisins, 1 chopped, two pound*, three le over an . the m *?* uuoa| niui NMUVIVO In the -water under the arches, the canals the reflections of the , "its lie black against the dusk of _ed sky. Here and there the . v on an angel gazing down with outstretched hands and widespread ! wings. A holy pcaoe is on the beautify 1 stone face, end the r> <>uths ere parted with mute hosannas. Along the lagoon group* are (trolling toward the piazza, for their is scrvico in Bt. Mark's. There ere sailor lads dressed afresh for the festa night; peasant sol diers who are thinking of the little homes among the Southern olive hills; young girls with faces shining with holy , thoughts. In the upper sky lingers the pole twilight green that the old Vene tians dwelt upon so lovingly. The tower of fan Giorgio rises, a stately shaft, against the darkening sky, with tha gold en angel standing in reliof against the olear space tho early moon has loft in ita wake. At tho angel's feet glowB the gTeat. bright steadfast evening star. The lagoon is rod with the reflected after-glow. Groat black shadows lie athwart it from tho hulks of the anchored . vessels. The net-work of masts and cor- 1 dage that stands black against the ruddy I sky is reproduced in tho pale water. The domes of tho city riso black against the lato twilight sky, and*along tho water's edge gleam rows of golden lights. Old oonvents that long echoed with the Christmas merriment of monks frown upon the joyful people, white and ghostly In their ago. < ? In the wine shops the gondoliers are singing noisy Christmas ballads. In the , larger caff o officers in spurs and floating cloaks are grouped about the little tables, playing chess and drinking coffee. Old men are knitting their btows over the newspapers, forgetful of Christmas eve. Youno men are whispering to gether ^ and laughing over their stories, unmindful of tho old blind man who is singing some quaint Christmas carol at tho door to the sound of his worn guitar* Sometimes you hg girls ? fresh, pretty things? stand with their mothers in the reqldng cigar smoke, and wail Christmas oarols to a plaintive violin accompani ment, that makes them stop and listen un til tears come into their eyes at the thought of Christmas hopes dead long ?go. AttheMolo the gondolo crouch dark against the rfva, with stakes rising among them, crowned now and then with a littlo Gothic tabernacle that his a lamp i flickering before a coarse print ol the Virgin. The gondoliers lounge, wrapped in their heavy cloaks, about tho landing. On the pedestals of the columns, with the white-eyed lion glar ing upon them, and St? Theodore gazing scornfully upon their pleboian shapes, cower groups of woman and children and old men. Bome instinct of adoration driven them out under the open sky to wait for tho mystical coming. .' Through the dusk gleam the white re dining figures on the arches of the Zecca. Bhe statutes stand dark against the sky under the great black shaft of the Cam panile. Tho moonlight glitters on the arched window of tho ducal palace and under the dusk of the balcony curves, forcing the white shafts to strong relief. Across the piazza, forming a back ground for the figures of tho passers-by, streams tha light from tho brilliant win dowa under tho Procuratic and tho long, bright street beyond tho clock towor. Tho giants that strike the boll stand out among tho chimneys, and below them, against tho black front above tho arch, glow the gold oh numbers of tho hour. On the side of the church, where the mosaio v&gin sits high in brr niche, with gold and gleaming marbles and quaint catling ana smiling monsters about her,' burn two flickering points of flame. They have shono there lor centuries ? tho ro publlc's peaco-ofToring to a soul whose body was put to doath between tho fatal column*? At the door of the basilica, weary mothers and children crouoh among the porphyry columns and the grinding monsters. At tho prayer desks and on the pale mosaicked floor kneel dark veiled figures, like statues, against the chancel flame. The people stand with faces raised to tho throne above the altar glory, where the gwat pate Christ sits with His hands uplifted in blessing. The symbols of the evangelists stand about- Him? mighty monsters praising God for the many Christmas-ovc* they have known sinoo the old Greek workers called them into ^ i P?*?? not of earth lies upon their grotesque features, and on the faces of the worshipers standing with hushed adoration about tho shadowy oolumns. There are old mon whoso guns hang by tho sldo of the brown Madonna in token Of gratitude for tholr preserva- 1 T 4 I ways* UIVU babes crying out for joy at the bright ness. The glory of immortality has dawned upon their earth-laden hearts.? 2torf*r'? Magwtin*. I.and -Birds ill MidOroan. Tho appearance of some of the smaller varieties of migratory birds, such as sparrows, swallows, doves, etc., several hundred miles away from the nearest land is by no means an unusual occur rence on the oooan. About these little erratio visitors th' i* are some curious and interesting facts. Thoir appearance is almost always one at a time, though I have known a considerable number, rep resenting, perhaps, as many different varieties,. to aocummulato in tho course Of a day. It is usually, though not always, in stormy or unsettled weather. Tho first curious fact about these birds is, that they never appeai to be tirod out; whereas birds aro often bm with near the lattd with thoir streugth quite exhausted. A. second curious fact about them is theji , preternatural tameness where there is no cat or dog on board, and tho crew eho*v no disposition to mo lest them, as exhibited by their apparent ly seeking rather than avoiding the pres ence of men. Another curious fa<jt about them Is the recovery of all their native wlldn$ss and their Instinct ivo avoidance of man's, presenoe OH approaching the land. The first time 1 noticed this feet wss with a pair of olive-colored ring-dovos, which, from their remarkable tame less and familiarity, I was led to believe had been bred in a domestio state and perhaps on shipboard*' I kept them iu the sayllght in the cabin, where they seemed to be'tiwM contented; but on ap proaching tho land they became tl<c wildest of tho wild. Om> of thom es caped and flew avmy. t suaeoodod in talcing the other Into port, where X gave it Its "liberty. Now. I em certain that these birds could not nave been apprised of the approach to the land through the medinm of any of their ordinary senaes. This curious circumstance led me to no tice more particularly the conduct of other varlettoi of these little wanderers upon the ocean so far from their native habitat, ami I find that" they nearly all MhiW^o a Kroat^or^es* exteAjthe 11 I. T. Cobb, of West Horide, can lift a 1,100 pound pile-driver. V* hM ihould ewfl ana walked off with a tele of cotton. can In that ?f a and when discovered re ! to come out. and told the oonductor that they would like to see htm crawl in then ana i>u. :\eiu out* A. better plan ?uggaated itself, that of nulling the en gine up to the tank and drowning them out. They capitulated, when about six inchcs of Ice-cold water had been soused on them, and all onme forth liko drowned rata* with the exception of a big Irish man, who could not force himself through the hole until he had removed his olotn ing and the engineer had lubrioated him with black oil. " The engineers on a western division were compelled to blow their engines out quite frequently, owing to the bad water. This is done by oponing a cock that lets the water and steam out directly under the oab. While one of the express trains was rushing along in the night, the en gineer found it necessary to 'blow hor out,1 and oponing the cock, a most un earthly scream went up from under his feet. Jumping to the air brake and re versing the engine, tho traiu was quickly stopped, and ul hands rushed back to ascertain the meaning of the unusual cry. There on the track. torn to pieces bv the whoels and scalded beyond recog nition, was tho remains of a man who had been stealing a ride on the brake beam of the engino tank, so as to be near tho heat 01 tho flro box, and had re ceived the full charge of steam and hot water on his body, and been blown from his insecure seat without a moment's warning into eternity, adding one more to that great list of 'missing. ' "Bootblacks that arc up to the times never pay fare. They wait until the train is under headway, run along beside a car, catch on to the irons of the door, swing themselves under and find a com fortable teat on a brake beam, where they while away the timo playing cards ana sleeping and enjoying themselves fully as well as those who may be reclin ing on cushioned seats immediately over thorn. Winter, liowover, drives them to shelter, and those who don't migrate to the sunny dimes of the South, find a haven in some county jail, under whose frftndly roof they sleep away the oold days and aro fat and ready for the sum mer trip when spring opens. Two men, while watching tho loading of a car of United States bonded merchandise in New York city, concluded to take pas sage for San Francisco. They procured an auger and small saw, and during the night sawed a piece of beveling from tho floor of the car, procured a supply of water and food, and rodo 2,000 unles be fore they Were discovered. One of them coming out for oxcrciso gave the thing away. Thoy were arretted and held un til the custom-house authorities in Ban Francisco had examined the contents of the car, and finding it undisturbed they were released." ? LcadviUo Herald. A Terrible Revenge. A venerablo resident of St. Louis told ft reporter the following interesting and thrilling Btory connectcd with the at tempt of John Jacob Astor to fqund a colony on the Pacific const : " Mr. Astor, in prosecuting his scheme of commerce ana colonization on the Pacific, deter mined on sending out two expeditions, ono by sen and the other by land, the for mer to carry out the people and stores, am munition and mcrchanaise necessary for a trading post at the mouth of the Colum bia river. As is well known, the land expedition was intrusted to Mr. Wilson P. Hunt, of Bt. Louis. A ship, the Tonquin, commanded by Captain Jona than Thorn, a lieutenant in tho United States navy, mounting ten guns, with a crew of twenty mon, Bailed from New York In September, 1810, on this expe dition, My friend, James Lewis, was the ship's clerk. After getting to sea the Tonquin was joined by the frigate Constitution and convoyed beyond dan ger. After various vicissitudes the ship eventually arrived at Vancouver's island and anchored in the harbor of Nowetee, whore great numbors of the Indians came off in their canoes to trade. Some alter cations occurred between tho captain and the savagcB, but tho day passed away without any signs of hostility, and at night tho captain retired to his cabin, taking no moro than the usual precau tion. This consisted of oxtonding a rope net-work around tho ship to keep off tne Indians. On tho following morning, at daybreak, a canoe came along with twen ty Indians. In a short time other In dians came up and, breaking through the rope not work, tlioy clambered up the side# of the ship. Tho main articles sought by the savages were knives, and tho boat was about to sail, when the oaptaiu or dered the shin to pe cleared. In an in stant a signal yell was given, and the savages, rushing on thoir victims, killed every ono on board except Mr. Lewis, who, however, rccoivod a deadly stab in the baok and fell down the companiOnwsy. Tho Indians then left the ship, and some lour or five of the ship's crew, wl>o had Sut out in a boat and returned ; found tr. Lewis, and wero requested by him to tako whatever thoy could carry away with them and o fleet their oscapc. They had gone but a few miles whon the next morning thoy saw the savages crowding the deeks of tho ship, Tho sides were also covered with the savages intent on S lunder. In tho midst of their exulta ion Mr. Lewis applied a match to the magazine containing the powder, and the ship blew up with a tremendous ex plosion, Mr. Lowls boing immolated with bis victims. Afrms and logs w?re blown into the air, and the canoes were de stroyed with tho inmates. Upward of a hundred savages were killed by the ex plosion. Washington Irving, who de? scribes the scehe In his "Astoria," falls to furnish tho full name of the heroic James Lewis, who thus became the vie- i tim of his terrible revenge. WOftther and the Spirits* "Don't ask ft fftvor in t-bo sirocco" is ft common proverb in tha countries where this Irritating wind blows; and in the regions visited by the Levanter it fei con sidered discreet to do business an a cash basis until that depressing breex* eeases to curdle the milk of human kindness. Some men's spirits rise and faU with the barometer, or according to the height they ascend or dSsoend on ft mountain ?Ida? the circulation being relieved by ft moderate removal of fttmoepherio pres sure is ?pt to produce congestion. " A dull, depressing day" is proverbial, and "ft < heerful sunshine" is known to every one. It is a portion of the Frenchman's social creed that during the November fogs tho English phlegm" finds an outlet in suicide, though statistics prove, on riously enough, that this is not the season chiefly dedicated to self destruction, and that nhlegmatio Germany is more ad dicted to this sort of despair than our own islands. Ihiring April, May and Juno most deaths occur, the exhaustion of winter and spring indnolng depree > ion . -^-London &Und<ird. Lieutenant Massenat, who lately fin ished a scientific mission near llograra, discovered a Roman oity in the southern dart of Dierba. The circuit of the ruias is stated to be about three kilometres. If thou deslrset to be borne with, thou must bear fttto with others. 1^^ tT3| report of a conversation*! betjreen^ne of ita representatives and Colonel Mapleson, the manager of the Italian opera troupe engaged at the Academy ofMuaio. 8psok ing of Mme. Patti, the leading prima donna, Colonel Mapleson said : . : t <?fihe works conscientiously, and ehe ia will dng her beat under circumstances which would discourage other women. She la the most reasonable and docile of prima donnas, and you ?fcnow as a rule, that the more valuable a singer, the more M'* the puts on and the more . trouble she gives. If Patti gave me as j w> !)/>>? trouble in proportion to her musi cal value as some of my other people do, I should have to get a new wig every day; the falso hair would come out hour* lv by the handful. Whereas the truth b she never complains, never is jealous ? because there is no singer to be jealous of?never makes a fuss in tho company, and is afraid of nothing except her dia monds. . ;? ' v - 14 Did you ever hear about Patti's dia monds? Not Well, I've scon so many absurd accounts in the newspapers about her passionate love of hor jewels, and the vast sums sho spends on them, that it may bo worth whilo to toll tho truth about them. Patti has put a groat deal of money in diamonds for several rea sons: First, they are property which can bo loft in the Bank of England when she travels on the continent, and no French ex-husband can got hold of them. The French law is peculiar about the property of married women, and no one knows when an attempt might be mado to get hold of Patti's diamonds should ?he tako them to France. Next, she needs them as stage property; they figure in certain operas. If she can afford to wear jewels wholly beyond the power of other singers to buy, that is hor good fortune. In tho third act of ? La Tra viata' she wears more fine diamonds than the whole of her audience. Thev are a part of her stock in trade. Thirdly, all singers are fond of property which can be put into a hand bag and carried to the furthermost ends of the earth at a moment's notice. I supposo that people who are one part of tho year in London, another in San Francisco, and another in Russia, feel like having property which is as available in one part of tho world aa another. Now diamonds sell for about - the same price anywhere. " Patti's diamonds cost her $200,000, and she is terribly afraid of them. She insists upon having nothing to do with them beyond wearing them during one aot of the opora. Tno caie of her dia monds costs ner quite a sum of money. . They are worth looking after. One of her stones weighing, I don't know how many hundred carats, belonged to Cath arine of Russia, and cost $18,000. Her great triple necklace of diamonds con tains 128 stones, of an average value of $000. Hor string of turquoitfes, which sho wears in tho first act of ' La Travi ata,' is unique and cannot bo matched. I do not know what it is worth ? prob ably $?5,000. Then she has several rubies of remarkable beauty, picked up at odd timos. She is known to buy flno stones, and when a Londpa or Paris jeweler comes across something really out of the way, he sends an account of it to Patti. In this wav, fctone by stono she has coliocted jewels, which will sell to day for at least $200,000, apart from as sociation:). But sho is in coustant fear lost thev attroct burglars or highway men. The way in which they ure taken care of is worth describing. 1 have often been surprised to find stninge men stand ing around tho stago of the Acadcmy, looking as it they were sheriff's officers waiting to mako an arrest. Upon in quiry, they always turned out to Do Pat ty's 'diamond' men. Sho has four of them. Two are professional detectives employed by one of your largo jewelers to look after matters of this kind, and two arc watchmen from the Wind sor hotel, where Patti always lives when in New York. On tho nights when the diva is to sing, these men get from tho great safe in t lie hotel, the satchel con taining tho jewels nud tako it in a car riage down to tho academy. They wait around the door of Prftti's dressing room until the maid asks for tho bag, when it is handed in and a moment after Patti comes out wrapped in tho long cloak which sho wears until sho makes her entrance. The 'diamond' men keep their eye 8 upon her. When tho cue is I given, the cloak is thrown to the maid and on she goes glittering with goms. The four men and two maids watcn hor through the act. Tho instant she is out of sight of tho audience, tho cloak is again thrown over her and five minutes after she enters her dressing room, tho mysterions bag is hauded out again and the four men depart with it as silontly as they came. Patti never wants to have , anything mors to do with her valuable jewels than that." Farming Under the Sea. The foot is not genoially known that within three hours' ride of Boston a large and profitable business has boon carried on since 1848 along the seashore, and In nothing more nor less than "farming under tho sea." Every whore upon the coasts of Eastern Now Englantl may be found, ten feet bolow tho wator-marke, the llohon known as carngc^n? tho "Irish moss" of commerce. It may be torn from the sunken rocks anywh ;ro, and vet the little seaport of Scitimte is almost the only placo in tho country whore it is gathered snd cured. This villago is tho great oen ter of the moss business in tho coftntry, and tho entire Union draws its suppllos from these bcaches. J.ong rakes are used in tilling this marino farm, and it docs not take long to fill the mnny dories that await the lichen, torn from its salty rook bed. The husbands and fathers gather the moss from, tho son, and tho wives and daughters propare it for market. Soak it in water and it will melt away to a jelly. Boil it in milk and a delicious whito andt creamy blano mange is tho result. The annual product is from 10,000 to IB, 000 barrels, and it tiring $60,000 into the town, which sum is shared by 180 fami lies. It* consumption in the making of lager beer fa very large, and the entire beer interest of the country draws its sup plies from Bcitunte betvohos, as tho impor* tation from Ireland has almost ceased. It is not gonorally known that tho moss, as an articlo of diet, is called "sea moss fa* rine.M Ourlons Legacies. A Paris letter says: M. Bourdon has left 90,000 francs to the Paris poor of the seventh arrondlssemont,with the pro viso that tho municipality shall keep his tomb in order. The codicil provides that the interest shall be given each year to a poor family having a marriageable laughter. Tho good doctor must have reaa thn biography of Van Stecmskerk, the Dutch painter, who left a similar pro vision for tho dowerlosfl girls of his na tive village. He did not seem to have feared, however, for the spick-and-qpan appearance of his grave, because the will expressly stated that the wedding should take place on tho spot. In addition ho left instructions for the disposal of his wine, of which ho possessed 10,000 bot tles. Two hundred were to be consumed at each marriage untill the stock was hausted. Curious bargains are tho Order of the day here. Another gentle* man has left a sum to rhe Academic Franca! se to be converted into an annual priro for the most shining example of filial piety. Assuredly if the virtues do ndt flourish in Franoeit is not for the want of encouragement. ===== whet tLbc.pl 9 the beginning, a ad I find that the amount is over $100, 000,000, writes %'? Watvhington corre spondent of the ClevaUnd Leader. The eubiect was investigated by Congrcsn in lW.The total at that time was a coat of 194,862,483; slnoe then ?4,600,000 haa been paid oat for public buildings alone, ana the amounts paid oat for works of art, park' decoration, and other things, will run the total for ahead ol the amount above stated. For a number of years It has coat more than $1,000,000 a year to pay the government expenses for the District of Columbia, and since .1899 the amounts have Men much higher. In 1878 the i amount was more than $8,000,000. In 1878 It was more than $7,000,000, while from 1828 to 1889 it waaless than $1,000,000 a year. In. 1814 only $1,800 was appropriated lor the District of Co lumbia, and it was not until 1887 that the yearly appropriation roached $1,000,000. It is interesting to look over the items of permanent improvements in Washington. These include the original cost ol the buildings and their repairs, furnishing, and keeping In ordor. The following es timate, though not exactly correct, is approximately so. It is less rather than greater than the actual cost, some of tho minor expenses dnriug the post seven years being omitted : The camtol has cost $17,872,123; the patent otnoe over $18,000,000: the treas ury about $7,200,000; the Washington streets more than $0,000,000: the stats department about $7,000,000; the navy nearly $4,000,000; the Whits House, two parks, and pub lio grounds about $2,000,000; agricultural department, $8,026,000; pension office, $187,000; works of art, painting and statuary, $700,000 and more, and* the Washington fire depart ment over $900,000; in 1878 the state department had cost nearly $5,000,000; since then it has cost $8,199,824 more, and its new building is not yet completed : the library of Congress, in 1876, had cost a little more than $1,500,000: the Bo tanlo garden over $700,000: the post office department more than $2,000,000. Since then the new postoffice building haa been erected at a coat of $86,119, and both the congressional library and the Botanic garden have been greatly Improved. Tne'new pension office cost $187,000, the oourt house $75,000, the national museum $810,707, the bureau of engraving and printing $806,980, the government printing offlco $69,298, and tne Freedman's bank building, which the government bought, $950,000. In an Iron Mine. While at Ishpeming, Michigan, write* a correspondent of the Philadelphia JYaw, I made my first inspection of the innei workings of the great iron mine. De scending shaft "A," of tho Barnum mine, on an iron cage, I was landed four hun* I dred and eighty-five foet below the surface I of the earth in tho spaco of forty -five seconds. It was a quick trip downward, and a thrilling experience to a novico. Stepping frou. tho cage to tho floor of the mine, one stands a few moments blinking and 'winking, while the eyes grow accus tomed to tho dense darkness of the place. The head whirls for some moments, and it poems as though the lighta of a thou sand stars were dancing in a black eky which spreads itself before, behind, above and below on every side. By-and-by a candle is thrust into youi hand, your head growB steady and youi eyes is able to malce out distinctly that the lights which you see are not stars in an inky firmament, but tho more prosaic greasy little lamps attached to the hati of miners who are at work all around you, some following with their powci drills a series of pockets which lead thorn fifty or one hundred feet directly up through tho sides and roof. Others pur- , sue a vein that takos thom directly to one sido. Your cars are almost deafened by the constant rushing, poucding, sawing noisos made bv the great drills as thej crash their way through rocks and Iron ore. It is well that you aro provided with | rubber boots, rubber coat and rubber hal before you enter tho mine ? water spouti from overywhore? from the walls on either sido, from tho roof overhead and from tho floor beneath. The main corri dor in tho mine is about fivehundrod fee' In ^ length, ten in width and fifteen ii height; smallor corridors or chambori lead from this in every direction. On one sido of this main corridor runs sd iron track for uso by tho ore cart, whiob comes rushing along, propelled by a tougb little mule, at tho most unexpected mo ments. Winking and blinking, hardly knowing whoro you are or what you Bre about; full of curiosity over what you see, feel and hear; glaa you aro down there, but sure you will feel happiot when onco more above? you stumble along between tho rails of the little under ground track ; tripping over huge chunks of ore, anon planting your foot into a deep pool of water, and then Clinging close to the cold, rugged Iron rook while the ore oart rushes by. ?" ' fi' ii, itnAinf ' W?o Oldest Flaee of Werahlp. A few miles below Murray Bay, Prov ince of Quebec, stands to day the oldest Since of worship In1 vthe two Americas, [ere at the mouth of the river of death first landed the French, September, 1584; about fifty years only after Columbus discovered tho now world). The river is wide, like a sea, although wo are 400 mllos.from (ho open ocean. TTio scene is much liko the Bay of Naples. The air is certainly vastly superior in purity and sweotnoss. The soil is tawny sand, dotted with plateaus of birch, and pine, and cedar, which seem to have fled up the rugged rooks that rise gradually ana Sacefuliy back from the water. Here ese trees hover in the steepest and most inaccessible places,' as if to escape the ax. For, ah, It is cold here for half the year or more, and the "habitant" must have his roaring wood fire. Still, how secure this spot fa with its one little bit of a church set aa a dot on the map to wait the first coming of the white man to all the mighty North Trado, and strife, and progress, and bat tle havo gono by the other Way, But the little woodon church, with tho weight of many centuries on its bowed shoulders, stands there in tho grass alone, looking on the great bay, peace In its hoart, promise of rest like to this on it* holv altar. Wbagafa MitUr. Postal Rates Ninety Tears Ago. In these days of cheap postage the fol lowing provisions Of tho firtt law of Con gress on the subjeot wjll be read with interest : February 20, 1709, was the date of the first aot fixing rates of postage on domes tic letters, and established the following rates to take effect on June 1, 1702: Act February 80, 1*09, section 0, by land: For every single letter not exceed ing 80 miles, 0 cents: for every single letter over 80 miles and not exceeding 60 miles, 8 cents* for every singlo letter over 60 miles and not exoeeding 100 miles, 10 cents; for every ainglo let tor over 100 miles and nos exmcding 160 miles, 12* cents; for every single letter over 160 miles and not oxeceding 200 miles, 1# cents ; for ivery single letter over 200>iles and not exceeding 260 miles, 17 cents; for every single letter over 2M) tnileo and not exceeding $60 miles, 20 cents; for every single letter over 860 miles and not exceeding 460 miles, 22 cents; for every single Utter over 4 no ? ceM*i for every double letter, packet weighing one ohncev avoirdupois to pay at the rutA of four single letters for each ounce, and In that proportion for any greater weight. of?ht. Failure ahottkl be the aCepptaf-etooe toauccaae. : ?^B^Mrr^fr -iVnr* ' >t.. Who can asawar where any road leada toV? Zucifc. Stay not until you are told of oppor tunities to do good: Inquire after them. The beet jule for good looks is to keep happy and cultivate a kind dispo sition. Be always displeased at what thou art, if thou d eel re to attain to what thou art not; for where thou haa* pleased thyself, there thou abidest Of all the gifts that nature can give us, the .faculty of remaining silent, or of answering apropos. Is perhaps the most useful. In enterprise of every kind, it is bet ter to lose the game by a card too muoh > than a card too little; for it sounds | better to bo rash and daring than tim i orous and cowurdly. Succoss is obtained by mixing two j parts of common sense with three parts of will, and stirring both in the bowl i of ambition, with the spoon of per?> > verance. Laziness grows on people. It begins in cobwebs and ends in iron chains The more business a man baa to do the more he is able to accomplish, for he learns to economize his tluie. \\ HAT KINOS COST, T" sjfsess- - mi* 18 #lntereetlnK to compare the ex. pense of maintaining a monarch on a ; mIT- T tlmt ?f porting a Pros- . ldent in the executive chair of a Ho public, For many years the salary of the ?2M^nnt ?' the Unlted State8 wna 126,000 a year. This sum, indeed, did not represent the entire cost to the country of the executive office. The White House was supported, to some extent, from the public purse ; and there were sundry other sums spent on the President's office. The salary of -he ^ resident was raised to $50,000 a ^ during Gen. Grant's term,. and continues at that figure ? and the whole expense May of the Presidential 8?'n<,thlne ,0M than The cost of kingships in the various monarchies of Europe is much greater, n the smaller nations. The sovereigns in the old days, used to spend pretty muoh what they pleased out of the public revenue. They were mostly ab solute, and would impose taxes at will and so raiso an indefinite income for their own display and pleasure. This Is still the case with the Czar of Ttus ala, whoso expenditures are never ro portod and cannot be estimated. The Sultan of Turkey, too, has power to raise an the taxes he can squeeze out of his impoverished and indolent sub jects and oannot be called to account for his spendings. But in all other Eu ropean monarchies the sovereign is re 9 trie ted. Absojuto despotism with them has been replaced by constitu tional systems. The Emperor or Kin* can only spend what is voted to him by the I a rli anient or Congress. A device new to this, century, called the civil list, lias been anoptod by nearly every monarchial country, and also by the trench Republic. The civil list Is de signed to provide the sovereigns with ft fixed income It comprises a num ber of items, or heads of expenditure ; and those aro discussed and passed upon oach year by tho soveral legisla tive bodies. Of ccurso, each sovereign has a greater or smaller private prop ?m i>|l8uOWft nS U fa,nily inheritance; with which his subjecth have nothing to do. Tho revenues he receives from he civil list, therofore, are what might be called Ids salary in his publio c a pa y, and by no means show what his entire income Is. Tho English civ il list for instance, provldas Queen V ctoria with an income of about two million dollars. Germany provhles the votoran Em peror William with a olvil list of about h^Zf u? (l0,,nrB ? , H must be difficult for a monarch so frugal and simple in his tastes and habits to get ?d of in tho courso of a year. His private property moreover, adds at least a million to that vast sum. King Humbert of Italy's civil list is three million eighty thousand dollars a year, somewhat larger than that of the German Emperor; while young Alfon JO Of Hpaln has only about a million and a half, io impovorlshod are the people of his historic kingdom. The lesser nations are, of course, more economical. The sovereign of Denmark has a civil list allowance of two hundred and seventy-flve thousand dollars a year ; which, however, is three tlmeA what our President costs. Ho,,And three hurt* dred thousand dollars, and the Kinir of *Wo hundr"1 twenty thou aand dollars. Thus it is evident that, without re gard to any other aspect of tho differ ence between monarchies and repub Ics, at least the former is much the mora costly luxury of the two to the thHlIla' th? Pe?Pl* Wh? h*Ve ^ pfty Rtepplnic-Htono* to Nnccafts. Learn your buslneaa thoroughly. Ke?p r?t.|ono thing? in nowlne change. Observe syntem and order in all you do and undertake. He self-reliant; do not take too mneh advice, but rather depend on yourself. Never fall to keep your appoint ments, nor to be punctual to the min ute. Never be Idle, but keep your hands or mind usefully employed except when sleeping. ( , Use charity with all;, be evot gener ous ill thought and deed ?help others ?long life's thorny path. Make no haute to be rich; remember that small and steady gains give com" petency and tranquility of mind. Never put off tUl to-morrow what you can do to day, and never trouble others with mm ARRIVALS W. O. GERALD'S OLD CORNER ?TORI. . j ^saapssssss ar* 1 Kinds or Goods, At th? riry lows** MliML an d I to tend to ; fir* wty ? lomsw *6* bsoadt til m low* piio#d pinkMM, My atodfc ?otxnimta of Pall and Winter Dry Goods* Notion*, Hosiery, &o. Ths bNl wJn ia4 Utwl stylM at Boats til SUm. ClotMu, Hats, t& GROCERIES t In Groesrlss I hare M fine a stock n oau b? seen In town. HARDWARE! For Plantation, Qudu and Household nso. ! rail lino ot Baadlery and Harness, In fact, I have got almost anything yon oan oall tor, j and am determined to lell CHEAP FOR CASH. Oall befors yon buy elsswhere. Bagging and Wea always on hand. Highest price* pahl for Cotton In ?Mh. W. 0. OERALD, Ai it* QUI Corner Store. RemoJeM and Newly FnriMei, LATHAM HOUSE, OAMDEN. S4 O. Transient Board $2.00 Per Day. i Ample accommodations. Tables supplle ! with (no best tho market affords. Every ad U-ntLou p<i<l to tho oomfort of goosta. Connected with tho Houso is a first-class DMt, which is orderly kopt. littok to and from tno depot. Fare 26 cents noli way. Feed and Livery Stable on promises, 8. B. LATHAM, PnopBnrroB. W. CLYBURN, | General Insurance Agent j And Cotton Uuyer. J Removed to Ills old stand atdvbnrn's Block 1 (Viil pay the highest price for Cotton and bn. oiore freely than ever before. mw My oonntry frlsnds will please rirs j sio a c*lf. anglT-ti. j [ I PRICES REDUCED, i ROBERT D. WHITE,! ' MARBLE f GRANITE WTO. ; ; PILAN8 FURNISHED. | Mooting Btrce'j, cor. fl/rlbocV.V Alloy , nugl8-yl. CHARLESTON. S. C. j A. R. THOMXJN" SON Manufacturer of I ! HARNESS, of Every Dosorlptlou. 1 SADDLES, BRIDLBS, Eta j MoC. SADDLES, NEW AND OLIX " ' 1 j Importer of English Sft'liUor>, Stool Bits, Spurs, ?Hlrrups, Etc Faotory anu salesroom 1S7 Mooting St., j Sept. l-ly. OHAItLESrON, 8. 0. j jyj[ETALS, ! LIION, DA06, ROPE, COTTON HIDES, SKINB, WOODWAX, FUE8 ALD KINDS Ofi PAPEP. STOCK, <bo. W We aro payl% t>o Highest Ctvsh Prices MO'iES GOLDSMITH A BOS'), angl8-l* . T'. O R<>* *1 K J O. ROLUNOB, - - - _ ? ? - r . ; statloDirr asi PortaMe Stum Bmlaej. ? Brown Cotton Gin* Wlnn.hlp Cotton Qllt , With Feederejmd Cond?M?re Tiuor4 Bom Ind^ < 41 koomai Iaa? Vtkszjr Oorro* Pun, Oowt ajtd Whxat Knu, Saw Miuj, Dwrrao axd Prnin, An?l all ktnda of ruaoklnory. Bo aure to otH nod eee my prlooe before purchasing ?nj kind of maohinery. J. 0. KOLUNGS, Okmxm. H. 0. W agonH and liuffafiviH HARNESS, ETC. ,4 The undersigned respectfully ealls atton. (io? to the large atook of 1, 9, 9 and A home wagon*, single and double buggies, open ao<l top buggies, wagon and buggy haipeaa, el?., which be now has on band, and Wniob he la selling at living prieee? so low M to entiiiio Inrge stlci. Handling the heavy stock 1 do, 1 oau afford to sell at a email profit. REPAIRING In all lta branohes promptly and satlafaotorilj sieoutod by oompatent workmen. HOR85 SHOEING \ apeoialty. Qlvemeaoall. M. A. MKTTfl. sep7?lyr OLD (185^ EBTABLrOHBD Charleston ice-Houee, ALVA, GAGE & CO., Market, cor. Church St., Charleston, B. O. Importers and Shippers, Wholesale and Retail T>oalere In lOE, Xoe packed for the country a specialty, loo by tho oar-load at dpoolal : Waverly House, OtM?QH B. O4 GEORGB T. ALFOltD, .... Manafer E*t*a 19 and ta.60 per Day. This tovorite Family Houao, undw its new management, Is reooounended for tho esesi* loooo of Its cuisine and homo-llko oomforts. Ita airy and well ventilated rooms have Ins* boen nowly carpeted and elegantly tarnished. w. oaAras. * a. cranio. OHAFBB A O'BRIEN, Wholesale Q-rooerai 805 East Bay St., Charleston. I- C. Agent*' for Kxtom'sFremtnm Trenton 0 ??*? an. kit.- it ? DR. T. BERWICK I.EfiVRE, DENTIST, Graduate of the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery. OFFICE -WKKALB IXIOUNIS. Kntranco 011 llioad Btroot. WDLBERN & PIEPEa, Wholesale Grocers And Dealers in Provisions, Liquors, Tobacoo &o. 167 ami 108 tCANT BA F. ang 19-ly CHARLESTON, k. (X FOUNDRY, 80x814 Fee*. MACHINE SHOP, 50x230 Feet BOILER SHOP, ?0?U0 ?Mt. GEORGE R. LOMBARD & UO. Foundry, Machine and Boil?** Work*, BUILDERS OF Enginee and Boilers, Raw Mills, <3rlet Mills, Mad all kinds pf MlU m*ohi* nevy of tho latent impibyod Btylns. Shafting, Hangers, Pulleys, Gearing and Journal Bexto. Wo bavo a laruo asponmout or PalteriM, 8ugar Rolinrs aud Oln Gearing. DEALERS IN Engine and Mill Bupplifcs, Clroular Saws, l?llo?, Glimmers, SwagSL v<Hobf / Olicok and Safoty VhIvoh, Whistles, Gan<?PH, S aim Pip" and Fitting*. Babbob magA-wom W to 40 onntx. Rolling, Jjaoin;?, Rubber, Flump, fcoipfttone and Asbestos Paoklng, Oil^ and (M Oops, Wrondic*, RiAury Wheels, oto. AGENTS FOR E?l;pn6 Double Turbine Wheel. Km ting's Universal Injootors, the beat I made. Bradfetd Mill Co's. Portable Mills. Nordyko A Murmon Oo.'? Plantation Gem ai>Q Sued Mills. Atlas Englno Works and Erio City Iron Works, Portable and Stationery: HoaJnea, unklo's Pop Bafoty Y?lvo*. Olond Greek Mill Rooks. 4ST* Iron and Brass Oastlngs, and all kinds of Repairs promptly done. Wo eaaVararr lah and are working about one Hundred hand* U 0 N fi A R E E Tr 0 N WOR KS, COLUMBIA, SOUTH OABOMNA. I M 1 > iV < 7 V 10 I) CIRCULAR mv KILLS. I SIMPLE, OHBAF AND DURABLE. Wo ?M the eelebrated Friot'on Feed on nil our Huv Millii. We use the twj heat material In their oonatruotioo, and npuro neither labor nor expense to ren der them m ne*r perfoot an posnihle. Wo warrant all our work to be woll made 1 and of good material. We would like if yon would ooenparo the following (Jgurea \ with thoeo of other mannfaoturerg undeeo if we do not soli yon a bettor aud larger j Saw 11111*1 aajroo figure*: PBIOIB. ! W(>, 1 Mfll, Wltti ?fl h?e!i**,Haw, lfl feet enrrlage $979 09 I ?? i ?? ?? 8s ?? ia ?? moo I " a ?? ?? 40 " 20 " 800.00 t " I " " 84 ?? 20 " 828 00 I M t " M 48 " 20 ?? 850.00 | m S " ?? 4ft ?? 24 " 875.00 ??4 11 " 50 " 24 " 400 00 " 4 14 " 52 " 24 " 428 00 Extra Oarrlngo, #8.00 per foot. Tbe above rMlU <vmu-b I <? t > nriin belt. Deol-ly JOT1V ALEXANDER, Proprieto WILSON, GHILDS ft CO., PHIt,A DELPHI A WAGON WORK"*. SI fH f I*.