The Kershaw gazette. (Camden, Kershaw Co., S.C.) 1873-1887, September 27, 1883, Image 4
F1BX, GAlt BH 1WD HOUSEHOLD.
Every farmer know a that sheep can
not bear damp soil without injurious
effects attending, and II.at undrulned
pastures are therefore to be avoided ;
also all low spots or hollows In which
marsh plants grow. Bui all farmers
are not aware of the fad that the
character of the soil upon which these
animals are pastured has an Influence
for food or lor bad.
bolls rich in potash, such as those
o insisting of decomposed granite or
feldspar, are not favorable for sheep;
. pastured long on such lands they show
a generally unhealthy appearance,
* especially the lambs. These lands are
nflMi enough for cattle, but sheep
thrive best on sandstone and limestone
soils of a dry, porous character. The
original home of the Leicester sheep
~ie Bhropshir es is red limestone.
lerlcan Merinos are to be seen
fectlon on the limestone hills of
Termont.
> "While peat or marsh lands are un
favorable for sheep farms, salt marthea
near the* tiofeft are utilized with fair
results, as (be aa'ine herbage acts as a
specific against the diseases to which
sheep Are subj&ft upon ordinary marsh
lands.
Sheep are also bred with success in
localities?where coal is mined, an in
stanpe of which aro the lino herds in
Ohio and Pennsylvania on pastures
with undMying coal formations.
Wherever the locality may be, and
r the geological character of
^ie land is not drained
fhot^ef ralsod with profit,
st nave dry pastures, or dis
ease will quickly and surely thin out
the flock.
The character of the soil influences
the characjber of the herbage and the
. .character of the sheep i? Influenced by
? the pasture. V,' All lands of grass afe
not equally good for sheep. The flesh
and wool of the sheep, scientists teach,
ar^haifvlha? products of the soil and
H conmvYmlj what has existed in the
i 4>l|int? - which the sheep have con
< Analysis of clean wool gives
In every 100 pounds about seventeen
pounds of nitrogen and five pounds of
"When fed on nutritious pas
?fleeoe contains a quantity of
tttertertned "yolk " and the
Kl health. This yolk
ion that tho focd is all
ent-M- AVhen tho woo'
^lsjbarah and dry this is a proof that
?r- the tiourkAment^ is-: defective. Now
the ydlk contains a largo per cent,
of potash, hence tho proper footl mupt
' hfr rleh ttnitriphur. notash and nitro
'' gen, ias W*ll|W#Wifr matters. The
\ bones of the&lfeep"cbntaln a larg* per
cent, oftf>hosphate.<|tnd carbonate of
llifi^ tKbh those facts (n Vle#f|t will
be seenTnaf th6 pasture 'must either
mm giving the required *le
b? ^supplemented by other
jWjlll supply the deficiency.
re comes the argument for a
wgMtitilAWidy. as a rule, a
pasturf' <>? several, grasses. 4s better
than that .with ono only. The best 6r
the-deraaMn grasses are those of creep
ing habit, with fine, short herbage.
-Timothy, oat-grass, spuij-gras?, blue
grata, sheeps' fescue, red-top and or
ehard grass, when olose'y pastured;
meadow ' foxtail, ?white clover, etc.,
for a desirable herbage for sheop. Buf
falo-grass and the mesquite grasses of
, the West aro excellent pastures. By
? the* irli# the- occasional dressing of
. pastures with bone-dust, salt and sul
ph&tfe pf H,I,e furnish a supply of min
eral scatters that aro of service.
Parsley, . yarrow, wormwood aid
other grasses of an aromatic or astrin
gent ^character are often introduced
, into p&tures for their medicinal effect
Upon the sheep.?New York World.
y t_ Fwtm nnd Garden Note*.
Give pigs a grass-run If you can. It
will do them great good.
'Beep, rich soils and top-dressing are
the remedies for drought.
, Begging grapes has numerous advo
cates among the best farmers ahd
fruit-growers, .
, Dq npt forget that all kinds of stock
enjoy a relitm of salt and that it is
ben?flOTai*to thorn.'
Kemdthber that while tlie ponds
and-swamps are dried up muck can
be obtainetVwith little labor.
Bo noi let the carrots get overrun
with Wtjpd}. Take them in hand early
an*thin tl|en0o six Inches.
{Tflv?$ all the stock of the farmat this
ypj fresh water. T)o not
try requires this care,
y m^Oew.on grapevines,
ur vHwf a bel
day.~ ?
does not. know ^that
s one of the best applica
eather belting; Applied
^ ^ fmer advises the grow
oft buckwheat in huc
<4 xwlll not eat the hiickwheat aiiq are
atarvod to d.-uth. '
Mi* chopped onions with the food
once a day for several days and groiind
ginger twp or, thrpe times a week and
yotP TOitycheok riarly symptoms of
fflbltai in poultry. Afterward give
tioth onco a week.
lk> not Jeavo any uiioocupied land to
weeij
ive'flt
ogbwi ic^pp of weeds. .When an early
crop is removed mow at once Any crop
that will keep them down. Buck
r pea * are gocd and may be
" ^fotaftost;*/, i-t
end ? iVol.tSo' the hogs
and premature apples
V ground. With each
_ _ , $rcodling moth* which,
if left alono, will burrow into &he
?hief.L
used on
PPB for at least
? y^Wtfofe the crop u grown, itn
premature use is a mistake commonly
made by .farmers who draw m^nuro
for the garden from their hog pen.
Hog manure breeds worms that work
At the roots ot cabbage plants and
render them worthless.
it Mr.Cann, According tOthe
ilmUaitf. Y. V Husbandman, ? once
v .-tried salt and ashes put on tho hills to
the out-wcrtai from Stocking
r*tfte plant*. The salt mado tho yo\ing
i ; c^ra yrtlow and sickly in-i appearance;
lt$><ftHfe*eral weeks to get good dolor
again, while the application mado no
dureregceso far as cut-worms wero
>; j " 'AT
E, It, Libhy, writing to the Now
York Tribune, static that from his in
vestigations he hAS been convinced
that seed corn oaanot be exchanged to
adtantage between the Northern and
Southern States, as the large-eared
ies canorly he cultivated auo
lty south of latitude 40. Bach
n, hi his opinion, should produoe
tsown seed.
The praetioe of the best farmers now
Is to keep pigs through the summer on
green food, cut and < arrled to the pens,
with a littlo grain and what milk can
* after butter-making, aprlng
thus made to weigh 200
&*&?&&&&
grain. The best time to Mil such pigs
is at the beginning of odd weather,
usually in October. ./
It Is almost useless to attempt to
fatten poultry while running at largo.
They should be confined in well venti
lated ooops, or restricted to a limited
range separated from other fowls.
Their meals should be furnished them
regularly three times a day, and plenty
of pure fresh water with lime, sand,
broken b^nes, etc., and ashes or dust
from the road to wallow In. Their
food should be varied, wheat screen
ings, corn, buckwheat, boiled potatoes,
and occasionally oats. These are all
excellent for fattening.
Itcrlpca.
Ckkam Fritters.?Ono and one
half pints flour, one pint of milk, six
well-biaten eggs, one-ha'f nutmeg,
two teaspoons salt, one pint crean;
stir the whole enough to mix thecr.am:
fry in small cakes.
lloixs F4JR Tea.?One quart of
flour, onehalf-teaspoonful of salt, three
teaspoonfuls of baking powder, ono
tablospoonful of lard, one pint of milk;
mix in as soft a douirh as you can
handle (aujy, andtakJ j ains not to
work in much Hour on tho kneading
board; cut out in narrow strips, about
five ipch&s longi^rub the top over with
sweet mltk, and bake in a hot oven.
Potato Sandwiches. ? Potato
sandwiches are not much like the
articles usually called by tho name,
and are not fit for picnic or luncheon
basket. To make tlieui fry slic s of
l>eef in butter; they must be gently
done, and not foo dry. Cover one side
of each slice with well-mashed potatoes
free from lumps, a quarter of an inch
in thickness, egg and breadcrumb over;
then proceed in the same way with the
other sides. With a sharp knife, trim
them into pieces of equal size and
shape, either square or three-cornerod.
Fry theiri in hot fat a light brown
golor, and serve.
Preserved Melon-Rind?After
the melon-rind is peeled, and made
green if desired, weigh it; to each
pound allow a pound of sugar, an
ounce of green ginger-root, a lemon
and half a pint Of V^ater; scrape the
ginger-root and tie it in a clean cloth
with the yellow rind of the lemon
pared >y$ry,thin; squeeze the juice of
the leirion and strain it; put the sugar
and water over the fire, and let them
heat together and begin to boil, re
moving all scum as it rises ; when the
syrup Is Arte from scum put in the
melon-rlnd, ginger and lemon-peel and
juice, and boil all together until tho
melon-rlnd looks dear, removing any
s?um which may rise. When the rind
Is clear take out the ginger and lemon
peel, cool the rind in the syrup and
then put up the preserve.
How the Wind Stirs Up the 8ea.
. ,Ono of tAo first things to be ob
served in a storm la the way the wind
fccts." It dbfcS hot blow regularly, but
in gubts. At one moment it bends
over the bratohes of the trees, in the
next it |has loosened its hold and let
them fly back. We see it swelling out
a ship's sails into a full puft ; a minute
later the suils hang Happing as if they
had been struck down.
7 We can account for this phenomena
and explain the intermittence of tho
wind-puffs by assuming that the mole
cules of air, displacing each other, ex
cite a vibratory movement, which
give rise to little undulations follow
ing one after another at Intervals of a
few seconds. ' The resultant of a series
of these undulations is a puff of wind
which comes on suddenly and is fol
lowed by a short lull. A series of
puffs constitutes a squall, and an ag
gregation of squalls forms the atmos
pheric wave which is called a gale of
wind. We should naturally expect to
observe the &ame phases in the forma
tion of sea-waveB; and, in fact, if we
carefully examine a wave, wo
shall find that it is covered
with very line ripplos, that correspond
to tho atmospheric vibrations. The
ripples give rise to wavelets, which
correspond to the undulations of the
air, and a^o seen on the upper part pf
the waves. The wave proper appears
to consist of a sories or wavelet*. A
numbor of waves constitute a billow ;
a aeries of billows gives rise to a heavy
sea; a series of heavy seas produces tho
great swell or tidal wave of tho storm.
Prom the nautical point of viow the
ripples are of no importance, for they
fire seldom more thim a few mili
meters in diameter; but from the
sclpivtiflo point of view they may be
considered as the origin of the swing
of tl\0 liquid element, for they engender
tho wavefetp. The lart are still of no
interest to the sailor, but are important
in their relation to works of art, which
are disintegrated by their blows, ap
parently insignificant, but in
finitely multiplied. The wavelets are
tO/tkirtv centimeters in dl
atfieter ataa n&t' very long. A very
heavy wind breaks them up and con
tributes to the formation of a fine dust
of salt water or salt spray, which is
destructive tO|,-yegotation on exposed
coasts. The wave proper may, in the
English channel, be about ten feet high,
thirty feet or more broad and olghty
feet long; its proportions do not dis
turb large ships, but it is destructive,
in the long run, to p)rt works, and is
dangerous to small craft when it
breaks. We mny estimate that ten
wavos make a billow. Tho first of the
ten may be relatively small, but the
others go on inorcasing,to tho last.?
Popular Science Monthly.
1 ??" 1 i..
Tho Highest of Waterfsllfl.
Some ye:irs ago Nlng .ra was sup
posed to bo tho most magnificent wate. ?
fall in tho world, but recent African
explorers discovered that the falls on
the river Zambeski, known as the Vic
toria, aro even more wonderful than
the famous American waterfall. And
now comes tho nows that in Washing
ion Territory there exists what is, in
some resnects, tho Vnoat matvelous
cataract in the world. It is on tlte
Cowlitz river, and the fall is fully
1,500 feot high. It has not yet been
fully expl red. There is also a water
fall in Wyoming Territory 475 feet
Wg'jv which is said to be a very won
derful cataract of its kind. The re
markable newness of our country is
shown by the fact that these great nat
rifitl cariosities have not yet been
thoroughly oxamlne.l by whlto men.?
Monthly.
Never Satisfied.
Thaddeus Sterns lial been con
ducting an important cult for a
wealthy old l'ennsylvanla farmer.
During'its progress he was the latter'*
S- uest. Whilo strolling over the farm,
fr. Ktevons observed that the farm
er's corn crop, which was Just rlpen
idg, Was remarkable l>eyond anything
he ha 1 ever seen.
?? My friend," said Mr. Stevens to
tho farmer, "this is truly inagnlfioent I
There is nothing left to be desired in
your corn yield this yea1."
"W-ft-H," responded the farmer,
guardedly, "it is purty fair; putty
fair. But," and this with a noticeable
tinge of salnest), "thar might be a
few more cunnela?lust a few more
tunnel*??t the end of the *eb/'
Csnalutt-J
True plague, which originate In the
hot Eastern oouittles, (a a high con
tagious fever Hocotnpanled bylwdnful
eruptions, and it *a< sometimes raged
with awful effect over the whole area
of Europe. Ferhapa the worst visita
tion was in the fourteenth oentury,
when the Oriental plague, known by
the ominous and terrifying name of
"black death," swept over that con
tinent, carrying off the people by
thousands. At various times since it
has reappeared, though in less virulent
form. Its last appearance in England
in epidemic form was in 1665, and
previous to that year, according to re
liable authority, it had visited the
country at regular periods of thirty to ,
forty years. But though England was
freed from it, the malady frequently
scourged other parts of Europe. Mar
seilles in 1720 lost 00,000 lives by it.
In 1771 and 1772 Moscow suffered to a
terrible extent, and the latest authen
ticated presence of the true plague was
in Naples in 1815 and 1816, when
great numbers of the people died.
Other "maladies, similar in their
nature but differing in various features,
have been pronounced plagues and
have at times worked dreadful havoc
among tho residents of the East and
portions of Europe, and outbreaks of
fat:il and \ io'.ent pestilence in Russia,
l'oland, Hungary and other countries
where there are large massis of im
poverished people living in poverty and
flltll aie not yet uncommon. As a
rule, the e diseases gain a foithold
only where the habits of the people
and disregard if sanitary conditions
are such as to encoifrage them, and
beyond question the large degree to
which Englind, France and other
countries have been exempt from their
visitations is due to advance in personal
and olllcial ideas of clonnliness and
sanitation, added to better knowlodge
of the true nature of the diseases, and
more intelligent action in treating
them by physicians.
To return; to a recital of the more
noted of epidemics that have spread
suffering and death over the world, we
find brief mention by Petavlus of a j
"general plague" in 767 B. C. The,
details seem to have been lost in the'I
mists of antiquity. One of the earliests
of these plagues occurred in Carthage
U. C. 534, which was so terrible that
the pagan people sacrillced their chil
dren to tho gods in tho vain hope of
appeasing the fierce wrath of the
offended deit e?. At Homo in 458 15.
O., a " desolating plaguo" prcva led.
Thucydides describes a devastating
plague that originated in Athens 480
11. 0., and spre d thence to Egypt and
Ethiopia, reversing tho usual order of
march. Another plaguo rage ! in the
Greek Islands, Egypt and Syria in 187
B. C., and destroyed 2,000 persons a
day.
As wo advance along tho centuries
of tho Christian era wo lind numerous
records of plagues and pestilences At
ltome in \ 0 there was a " most awful
plagu?;" 10,000 personsperishedevery
day. Similar epidemics ravaged the
empire in,tha years 167, H9 and 189.
From 250 to 260 there were awful
podilences. For some time 5,000 per
sons died daily in Homo alone, ana
whole towns In tho empire wero de
populated. In Brituin in 430 a plaguo
swept away such multitudes that "the
living wero hardly sulllcient to bury
tho dead." A long-continued an 1
dreadful plaguo bogan in Europe in
558, and subsequently extended all
over Asia and what was then known
of Africa. During tho years 746-749
Constantinople lost 200,000 of its popu
lation, and tho pestilence devastated
Calabria, Sicily and G, ceca At Chi
chester, England, in 772, 31,000 people
diod, and in 934 Scotland lost 40,000
people. There was a plague in Lon
don in 962, and g o it mortality from
tho same causo In 1094. r Ireland was
sorely visited in 1095; in 1172, when
King Henry II. was forced to leave the
country; in 1204, when a prodigious
number perished, and in 1348-9. In
1111 tho plaguo in London extended to
cattle, fowls aid other domestic ani
mals.
The "block death" ravaged Ttaly in
1340, and tho plague of 1348-9, general
in Europe, was ono ofthe,mo3t memo
rable on record. Its effects in Flor
ence were described by lloccaccio in
what will live as immortal literature.
Britain and Ireland suffered terribly,
and in London alone 200 persons were
buried dai'y in Charter house yard.
In London and Paris a dreadful mor
tality prevailed in 1361-62, in 1867 and
1869. In Irelaqd there was pestilenoe
in 1870, and a still worse One, called the
fourth great plague, in 1388* In 1407
London lost 80,000 citizens. Another
pestilence, Buperinduoed by famine,
visited Ireland Jn 1466, when great
numbers died, and Dublin was WaBted
by plague in 1470. An " awful pesti
lence" ravaged Oxford in 14tl, and
thoughought England, in' 14781 a
plague " destroyed more people tnan
the continual wars of the fifffoen pre
ceding years.' The 'fsweating ajpk
ncHH' was very fatal m London in
1485, and in 1499-1500 the plague'-vtas
so dreadful that Henry VII. wad his
court tied to Calaisfbr safety: Thtfs wtatM
ing sickness, which was fatathj
hours, occurred m London in 1506 and
again in 1517. an most of the towaa
half the people dted, and Oxford was
depopulated. InK 1622 tlftrasande
died in Limerick. The, sweating
sickness revisited England in 1528
and a^a'n in 1551. In IV08-4, 80,578
people perished of plague in London.
Constantinople again lost 200,(00
people in 1611. In 1625 London lost
85,417 inhabitants. In 1682 Lyons lost
60,000. In 1856 400,000people .died,
at Naples in nix months.' In' 1664
London's great plague to >k off 68,597
inhabitant; some say 100,000. One of
the most awfnl plagues that ever
raged prcvaile 1 in Syria in 1760. In
1778 80,0j0 inhabitants of Bossora,
Persia, died of plague. In 1792 800,
000 persons died of plague in Egypt.
In lTarbary 8,000 died dally, and in
1799 247,000 people perished at Fez,
and epidemios ca'led plagues raged in
various part* of the Kant in 1800,1840
and 1878; there were many deaths In
Bogdad In 1876. There was an epi
demic f*ivcr o(l gioat fatality at Gibral
tar in 1828.
Cholera was described by Garcia del
fluento, a physician of Goa, Portugal,
about 1560, though comparatively lit
tle was known of it until thO present
century. It became epidemic in Ben
gal In 1817, an 1 gradually spread until
it reach<m1 Russia In 1830 and Ger
many In 18:11, currying off more than
900,000 persons in tho meantime.
Aslat'o cholera first appeared in Eng
land at Sunderland, October 26, 1881,
and in North America at Qudbec,
.Tune 8, 1832, and in York, Juno 22,
1782. It revisited tho United States
In 1884, slightly in 1849, severely in
1855, and again in 1866-7. In 1848-9
58,291 people died of it in England
and Wales, and in 1854 those countries
lost 20,097 and Naples 10,000 persons.
In 1865 50,000 people died of cholera
at Constantinople As will be seen,
the United States has been rel**
tivoly free from pestilence and plague,
and in no case has it suffered from
epidemic* indigenous to ite soil. 1
1 ?
low fever has at times been a terrible
TWtor, and its awful effects la 1878
will not be forgotten. But In that
sees, ss in every previous one, the con
tagion was introduced from the West
Indies. At- it* worst, however, yel
low ferer nertsr approaches the plagues
of the Old world in direful power. The
largest number of deaths ever recorded
in ttxe United States from this cause
was 14,809, in 1878. Yellow fever
first appeared in this country at Phila
delphia in 1689, when it wrought great
havoc. It has frequently appeared in
vaHotte cities since, and in 1793 <nr
ried off 'several thousand victims in
Philadelphia. It scourged New York
in 1761, Norfolk and Portsmouth, Va.,
.in 1855, Wilmington, N. O., in 1862,
Savannah in l&6.'and ?sporadic cases
on shipboard and shore are of common
"occurrence In the heated season, when
persons como In conta t with the
f;erms of the disease, transported from
ts original birthjjl^ce.?Troy Time
3 '4
?tl?al ace
hiWiiU
a chtl
As we entered the Jail-yard lifty or
sixty men swarme^out from the dark
doorway whi6lVle<F\n^ their dens, all
heavily clwinedi jkvvth long, coarse
matted hair hanging in wisps, or
standing on end round their death- ike
faces, in iilthy rags, wjth emaciated
forms caked with dirt and bearing
maiksof the torture; and nearly all
with soro eyes, swelled an 1 bleeding
?lips, skin disease and putrefying sores.
Tneeo surrounded us closely, an I as,
'not without t^Ashttdder, I psissed
thfrough them arid one of t lie:r dons,
they pressed upon us, blocking out the
light, uttering discordant cries, and
Clamoring with ono voice, " kum-sha"
?that is, backsheesh ; looking more
like demons than living men, as abjict
and depraved as crime, despair and
cryelty can make them- Within the
blackness,; the 01th,- the yormin, the
stench, overpowering oven in the cool
air?the rubbish of rags and potsherds
cannot be described. litre, in
semi-starvation and misery, with
nameless cruelties practiced upon
them without restraint, festering in
one depraved ma s, are the tried and
untried, the condemned, the guilty and
lnnocent( ?); the murderer and pirato;
.the debtor and petty thief, all huddled
together, without hope of exit, except
to the adjacent judgment-seat, with
Its horrors of '?thequestion by torture/'
or to "the field of blood" not far
away. On earth can there be seen a
spectacle more hideous than that of
these abject wretches, with tho'r heavy
fetters eating into the flesh of their
necks and ankles (If on their wasted
skeletons, covered with vermin and
running sores, there is any flesh loft '),
their thick, matted, bristly black hair
?contrasting wit.i the shaven heads
of the free?the long, broken claws on
thoir Angers and toes, the hungry look i
in their ema?iated f.ices, and the'r
cla'r.erous cry, kum-sha! kum-sha I
They thronged around us clattering
their chains, ono man saying that
they had so little rice they ha I to
"drink the foul water to fill themselves;"
another shrieked, " Would I w re in
your prison in Hong-Kong," and this
was chorused by many voices say ng,
"In your prison in Hong-Kong they
have fish and vegetables, and m? re rice
than they can eat, and baths, and beds
to sleep on; good, good is t!.e prison of
your queen !" but n'ghor swelled the
cry of kum-sha; and as wo could not
give alms to several hundreds we
eluded them, though with ditlieulty;
and, as wo squee/eJ through the nar
row door, execrations followed us; and
high above the heavy ciang of the fet
ters and tho genoral din roso the cry,
" Foreign Devils," (Fan-Kwai), as wo
passed out. Into sunshine and liberty,
and the kty was turned upon them
and their misery.?Isabella Bird.
How Edward Everolt was Snowballed.
While Edward Everett was president
of Harvard a distinguished English
man viBltod this country, bringing
with him lottors of introduction to
our leading men, among them ono to
Edward Everett, president of Harvard
college. On delivering tho l?tter the
Englishman expressed a strong dosire
to visit Harvard college, to which Mr.
Everett cordially absented. It was in
the wlntejr, season. The distinguished
visitor was stepping at the Tremont,
then the flr*fcj hotel in tho country.
President Everett drovo in from
WatertoWn itt a sleigh. Tho night
previous there had been a Bovere snow
storm, and the town team3 had turnfed
out to break tho highways, leaving, as
usual then, great banks on either rotui
sidb. Mr."Everett was not an accom
plished whip, and somewhero in
CambrWtfeport tho sleigh turned
overand damped tho two into
tLf. . deep drift of snow.
It occurred1' Just opposite a school
house ana during the hour of recess.
The emancipated youths, seeing t*?
tWd flbirad?rlng helplessly, proceed
to pelt?tl)em mercilessly with snc
balls, AfooVnphnying tho same with ej,
?thets moreexpressive than refined
Everett was extremely mortified,
thinking his English guest would have
a.low,,Idea of the mannors of Now
England schoolboys. A fow wooks
raster, the annual examination of this
school took, placo; Mr. Everett, as
predict <6f tho collego, was called
.upon to. address the graduating class.
Themeiifbere had passed a good exam
vinatioh and .deported themselves. In
Closing his address Mr. Everett said:
'"YViuttg* gentlemen, you havo dono
well, but l am pained to say thatthero
are cither things learned in Now Eng
land beside those which apply to
thorough scholarship;" and thon ho
/blsted the' Incident of the snow ?
ba'lirvir. Tho young gentlomen, most
Wnom^rtfterward entered Harvard,
many of whom are now living, never
forgot the quiet rebuke,?Jlonton Trav
eler.
How to Make a flood Country Softool.
Elect nono but live, oducated men
directors.
Havo good Bchoolhouaos, neatly
built and well ventilatod, and thor
oughly supplied with good furniture
and apparatus.
Have the Bohool year commence the
first Monday In September, and con
tinue, with the holiday vacation till
the llrst of May. following. ?
Kmploy nono but trained teachers,
or those qualified to load, rather than
mislead the young.
I total n the aame teacher throughout
the school year.
Pavsald teachor enough to onablo
him to live and havo a little money to
spend for fitting himself Tor higher
usefulness In his calling.
Don't employ a teachor 1 euausto ho
underbids some ono else, for in ninotj
nine out of a hifndrod cases ho Is worth
lets. Cheap teaohers, like cheap jew-,
elry, are not made of good material/
Avoid them.
Le^parents, officials and other* visit]
the schools frequently, not to find,
fault, but to encourago l>oth teacher
and pupil.
Don't be afraid that your schools
are coating too much. You? children,
parents, are more valuable than your
horses and cattle, the theory of many
sohool patrons to the contrary not
withstanding,?good Ttmjplau
Jl I l' ? .11 - . ?
POPULAR SCIENCE.
Gelle relates the history of a woman
who suffered from deafness and infra*
arbital neuralgia oo the right side for
fifteen days. The symptoms were re
lieved by the extraction of a carious
tooth.
Contrary to the statement in the lost
edition of the " United Stages Dispensa
tory," that " the drops from a full bot
tle should be less than from ouc more
or less emptied," Professor C. F.
Illmes, of Carlisle, l'enn., has experi
mentally demonstrated?what any
body can ilnd out for himself in a few
n inutes?that drop3 diminish in slzo j
as the bottle is oirptiod.
Major Witte, Bays the " Journal" of
the Franklin institute, has provided
tho steam tiro ongiuos of tho city of
lierlin with pipes tor the dis Inrge of
eomprcssLHl c:ubonlc a:id into the
steam chamber. When tin cng'ne
Btarts frp u tho station tho boiler Is
heated; op,'awtfvin,* it tho firo tho
j carbonic a idj^t l r t employed as a
motor, tho.) the gai and sua n woik
together, and linally steam ! lono is
used. Jiy this arrangement the engine
I is brought into action four or livo
| minutes-Bo nor than would bo othor
wise possible.
Kecent observation; iiavo proven
| thatnmehof tho light from stars Is
j lost In' passing through the earth's
lowo.- atmosphere, as it is found that
?tho stars appear brigh'o.- when seen
from tho summits of lofty mountains
than when surveyed fro n lower levels,
and as a consequence ma-iy mor.i of
them are vi iblo from tho e'evated
stati- n<. In connect on with a pro
ject for a now French observatory on
tho l ie du Midi, General do Nansoutj
reports that from tho prop s d site of
t ho buiiding 111 teen or >ixteen pieiados
aro visible to tho nuked eye, while the
st irs shine so brilliantly that it is easy
to rv-ail by tho r 1 ght a'.one.
Experiments made fome t'.mo ago by
Professor J)or<*mus have shown that
gas will readily pass through stone. A
block of brown sandstone, twelve by
tlfteen inches long and four cr live
inches thi> k, was used. A pipo was
clamp.h1 on to the stone by means of
iron plato.?, an.l t is j ipo connected by
means of liexib'.o tubos with tho gas
pipes. The remainder of tho stoue
was painted over several thicknesses
with varnish. Oppo ito to the. point
whero the gas was applied thv re wjis
another pipe for tho gas to escape
from. In a fow minutes a lighted
paper applied to it caused a (lame to
appear, showing that tho gas had passed
through the stone.
WORDS OF wis now.
A liu-siun proverb s-nys: "Th?
do?il lies hidden where the wate.' is
stillest."
C'omp .rlson, more than rea'ity
makes men lmppy, and can make them
wretched.
let frhnlship creep g ntly t> n
h ight; if it rush to it, it may scon run
itself out of brvath.
Tho only sound and lualtliy descrip
tion of assisting is that which tea hoi
indep-nden o and self-exertion.
'1 hero is no trait more valuable than
a determination to persevero when
tho light thing is to bj a"cornplished^
A work prospers through ondo.iv
ors not through vows. Tho fuwn
runs not ii.to tho mouth of a sleeping
lion.
Opposition is what wo want and
must have, to bo pood for anything
Hard hip is the native soil of man
hood and self rolianco.
Many are ambitious of saying grand
things?th^t Is, of buing grandilo
quent. 1 To nienco is'peaking out, n
quality fow esteem and fewer aim at.
C)lfM'.wc)ler? or Arizona.
A letter from WInstow, Arizona, re
late i remarkable di covories of evi
dene s oi' eli f-dwellor?in a canon at
a little station name 1 Co: n n ?, as fol
lows :
An h ur'.-i walk fCon? the Nation and
wo stand upon, t .e Irin; of a ?hnstD
so deep that iho eye can hardly so ? its
bottom. Aitual measure.n< nt make.'
it 2,000 feet deep. The width varies
>r an 200 feet at tho bottom to l,-r>0?
fo^AI?'tho t p. Tho sides arc s lid
lock,-'but in hiyers of perhaps thirty
feet in d pth,each layer having a | r ?
jectiog or sl.o'.ving edgo extending
irbin si* to t^verify feet. It is under
the shelving work that the clitr-dwell
ers built th:ir nhod* s. Si mo wise
men say tint tl e projections aro ex
cavations for the purposes < f I uilding,
ma<lo by the? sam^ cMfr-dwellerp, but
to my ii lod tho work is tro vast t ? ad
mt of such a thoory. On tho oppo-ite
side from where tyo stood we countod
,seven tiers of these dwellings. It is
i notable that nono are lower than 200
feet from the lottom. The can m is
?irregular in Its forma'.ion, but. from
our standpoint, wo could count more
than 200 of the.46 dwellings, and there
--can be no doubt that this was a city ol
W* |h??(?pd ^habitant** To what
ago of the world this ractf bolonged, or
the chniract6* ard nature of tfio people
whd built thore cities, neither history
nor tradition givei a trace. AVe made
a perilous fdeM^ V.'si'.ing several
tiefa'dr^tHeio WowSV*Thfe front and
side walla are or solid masonry, and in
astato of gocd preservation. Doors,
three feat by eighteen inches, atl 1 re
main, showlrtg that these houses were
for the accommodation of a ve y email
raco. The opening wai small, tliat it
could ho quickly elosed by its inmates
aga'nst tho invading enomy.
I - '' ? mt
The Coy Trout
The tickle nature of the trout's ap
petite is well resognized by all angler?.
Two well known sportsmen of Ithaca,
N. Y., were casting (lies for trout m n
stream, They had trlod overy variety
of flies wlthotitsucces?, although many
fine fish weroseeh swimming near the
surface. Suddenly, as one of the two
gavehhline a smart fling, a teeter
snlpo Mltted AcMss'the stream Justin
time to havo tho hook strike its body
and detaoh a small feather. No sooner
had the hook, with the snipe feather at
tached, reached the water than it was
seized by a flnft trout. This fidi, with
flvo others, wm quickly landed, when
tho snipe's feather became detai^d
and wa* lost. Tlien the sport was at
?? ? '?? ? V> ??
A Hingnlsr Superstition.
Majty years ago four negroes wore
hung on tlfo niclim?md piko, about
two miles from town, says tho Lexing*
ton (Ky.) Trang'rlpt. Tho ovideneo
en which thsy hjnl been cenvi to I was
circumstantial, and just Iwfoto they
were sw ung off each one of them pro
tested his Innocence, and further snid
that the people would Sod sign* In the
sun that they tfere rinnt>cent. The
next morning an 1 tho two fo lowing
the sun arose as usual, but where It*
ravs shone through a do of, window or
othefr opening and fell on the floor,
they had a strong bluish cast, as if in
digo wat<r had been poured on the
floor. This, to a great u any super
stitious persons of that dav. wa< proof
as true at holy writ tliat the four no
groes were not guilty.
A thunderstorm is u h'ah-ton?d af
Uku?Dmicki v ^
rOR THE FAIB BEX.
8?t?? Nicrlc* ?r N.te* W*w?a.
in IkWO 1*'Uf8 o->n^nded for precedence
court of Charles V. They ai>
pealed to the monarch, who, Hk? Solo
Urst. buch a dispute was never
known afterward. ?m
Kracos of Sarah
Sifm? y */arlb?rough, was a pro
digious abundance of tine hair. One
1 nl ^ 5?% 10 an8er l?er heroic
inH Vk CUJ,off ber coulI?andlng tresses
and threw tliern In his face.
Xollekins, the sculptor, was a para
gon of parsimony. In ??, own lK
candles were never lighted at the com
mencement.of the evening, and when
ever he and his wife heard a knock at
the door, they would wait until they
heard a second rap before th< y lit the
candles, lest the fir. t should have been
Se'Zr" anUthCir canoes should
xJVil!en,the tPrlDce8s Charlotte, of
Me klenburg-Strelitx, came over to
be marr.ed to Ceorge III., she was ton
days at sea. but kept gay the who'e
JST* T,K V ' harpsichord, and
lift the cabin do r open. When she
first ( aught sight of St. .lames' nalurn
mLtUrn*!! Tll? ',UC|"MS <>' ?I?m?
said t t r'* "M-v "?"r <l?che8?
said ho princess, "you .nay lauiti,
\ ou have been married twice, but it
is no joke to mo." 1C
While Frederick Morel, the great
scholar and ominent printer, was em
ployed on his edition of "Labanius"
one day, ho was told that his wife was
suddenly taaen ill. ?? 1 have only ^
hm T Ml'nlences ty translate, and
thin I will come and look at her " A
^d in^i in forme l him that she
?as axing. I have onlv two words
to writ ?, and Illle there .us soon as
you, replied the philosopher. At
uZ ??" ,0'" tll? ''?? ?ifo was
I * a,n V( ry sorrv for it in
d' ed. said he, going on with his work
she was a very honest woman.*'
The marriage of Kacine was an act
penanco neither love nor interest
ha any share in the union. lifs w ??
him",1. 0rt ,of *<">?">? Irat p-r
.mi if lnost insensible of her sex
w lrl i t'' n ?\fc I)r?!>or person in the
KloJv andVr1 y thp *>nw8iwn ()f 'itorarv
glory and the niomontarvexultation of
literary vanity, it is scarcely credTble
but most c( rtainly true, sin I her own
seen'acted n'0 f>Wt' ,,ul" she had n?ver
f acted, nor ever read, n?>r desired
hm-r<i i '-trag0(ll('s wh ch render, d
hoi hushnno s > celebrated throughout
their''titled!'1' hll(> ?n,y h'arned some of
ineir titles in conversation.
Maria and KH/aVth dunning who
appear.d at the rourt of CJeorge ill
othe'r itninT ei?ht<'en 1111,1 the
loss LhV ,,n~WOr'' tww I)or ion
loss giiiS ( \ surpa.ssinr beau v. -Thev
hnm'a !'" Wr,t(>H ^Pole "to bo the
W(,,"en aliv(>- Tl,('-V can't
walk in the parn, or go to Vauxhall
but such crowds fo low them that they
are generally driven away." (>" '12
they w( nt to see Hampton court. As
they were go ng into the Heautv room
another e< mpany arrived. Th 'houso
keep.r said : -This way. ladies; here
ar t dualities." The (Junnings flow
.mint Pa .T'1, i'n,I/Wke-1 ll(>r "hat she
meant. 1 h.v went to see the palace
selves!'* Tl ' 'Sll?Wn iM n si?ht
Hi i ?l,|e younger of the fair sis
ters became the Duchess of II .inilton ?
the other became Lady Coventry.
. ''n*lilnn Notes.
D'csse.j composed of the new, very
"f V?taw:,nn.i
w til 's I " ?"'Wn?'l.n
"lull, are n ?w shown for
watering-place wear. Thev con.pr so
drmer\ n ',,r#fc 'kirt ??<?'?i.lesash
?I ? ru i >r ,Ui de wh,,11*v of 1,10
R ill'Oi, drc'S8tiS are w',rn. not over
?miBP i "S s ll8Mnl' but over flounced
hi^^ivT,,H ?f thn 8h "or('8t '"""Hn.
t ?ls gi\,ng a i uncommonly light and
airy app arance to the to let Thev
are as pretty and as cli.c as they are
perishable. }
?ip|?ers and sandals for full dress
K wh.to Danish kid. with white
'seta on the iustej), into which
uro set small buckles of iciiln.-p,-bble'
tl e^n8. ",l0;8' with Htraps acro-s
US arn nT' "m * f?r d??'?-to;iet,
V arova ? OI?? of I,r?nzo kid in
!;' "8 sty[c- and newer than either
? Italian shoes, with revers lined
I sr f )Hili irn' rl?1,t colors, the shoe
itself being of bh? k satin. Sometimes
\he| revers cross the front of the shoe
and inns . with a bow of ribbon the
o.jIoi of the gay lining."
tripHtht T18!eV,ves aro l't>c?niing eccen
w til nut inll?i teS ar" "ot -^'Slied
sT. l.Inr ?m V,Ty ?n th?
siiou dor, but ev. n those who are
usually chary of running into ex
tremea are setting ^tilT muslin puffs
under the t ,p of the sleeves liniig to
make thi- ^ sleeve fuller and higher
This padding with the leg o'-mutton
sleeve Is merely a r vival. Sleeves were
padded to make the shoulders look
jjjgh and wide when floorge ill. was
anCf' an('swansdown puffs were
flolfl at a few sliillieip n |)n|r *0
tho Shoulders to look h'gher.
Remarkable Faculty.
J. J. Allen has a widtspr. a I reputa
tion, being no other than the famous
" hat-keeper"' of the Lindell hotel, St.
Louis. For tho w nderful faculty of
recognizing tho proper owners of hats
as they onterod and left the dining
room a medal was pro entrd him as I
boing tho "premium hat man in Amer
ica."
" I was for years tho wondering
gaze of tho ignorant," mid he, in a
private conversation. "I nover made |
atnhtako if I had once seen tho hat ?
on tho man's h ad. f connected the
two instantly, and tho picture would
no | a<H out of iny mind, however
many such might be there."
?? Did it require no practice?"
" Not any; I could always doit. In
fac", I could not help it. It n ndo mo
famous, and I have boon spoken of In
Eurono, Asia a id in parts of Africa.'
" How many hats did you ever have
Jn your mind at once?"
"Thohighest I over went was 703.
and I m ado no mistake."
"Iiow do you acc >unt for this
power ? '
" I haVo a sort of second sight. I do
not like to bo callo I a fortune-teller.
I am not. Still, I can tell fortunes."
?CMctyo News.
mm I I
Wonderful 0.ier* Ion. I
Tho London Lancet reports a won
derful surgh al operation. For Home
reason it was necessary to remove the
whole upper half of the bleeps from
tho arm of a woman. Into tho cavity
which was lelt the surgeon promptly
Introduced a large fragment of the
t)i(ejis from the leg of a dog. The cut
sur.'aces were carefully brought
together with sutures, i s littlo injury
as possiblo b<ing dono to tho parts.
Tho transplanted muscle was much
more voliunin us thah the original
jiortlon, and was long after tho op< ra1
tion distinctly pfrceptlblo to the touch.
F.le 'trio experiments Instituted about
throe months after tho oporatk n
showed that tho biceps tea ted perfectly
naturallv to both kinds of current.
Tho high point of stimulation situated
at the place o? section of the murculo
.e.utwnoous nerve was, however, absent.
The movements ot' the' o:bow-Joint
w<.r? almust nor-nab
J. O. ROLUNQB,
um roa
Stationary ail Pertatils Steam Entitle!.
Brown Cotton Gins
Wlnnahlp Cotton Cln
With Fee dm and Condenser a
Taxjkjt & Bona K soma's,
Numiofl K^qiku,
Bumiu & Wood lisin^
Bom OoTrox Pun,
Bcbotibld Gottok Paass,
PlNDLXY OOTTOJT PlW,
Oosjf AND WmbAT Mh.LJ,
&AW MlIJJJ,
BHArriKO AKB PVLLKTS,
And all kinds of maokinery. Do sure to call
and see my prioes before purohisiug any kind
of machinery. J. 0. BOLLINOS,
(Umbkk. H. 0.
Wngon?ondTJuggie?
ETC,
The undersigned respectfully oalls atten
tion to the Urge atook or 1. a, 3 and 4 horse
tvftgoua, single and doable buggies, open ami
:op buggies, wagon and buggy harneea, etc.,
wbtob he now baa on hand, and whioh ho in
selling at living priooa?ao low aa to eneute
largo aalea. Handling the heavy atook I do, i
I oan afford to aell at a small profit
REPAIRING
la all its branohes promptly and satisfactory !
executed by oompetent workmen,
HORSE SHOEING
A apeolalty. Qivemeaoall. M. A. METT8.
sep7-lyr
OltD 11853) ESTABLISHED
Charleston Ice-House, |
ALVA, GAGE & CO.,
Market, cor. ChuroU St., Charleston, S. C. '
importers and Sblnpom, Wholesalo and Retail '
''o&lera in
ICE.
Ice packed for the oountry a specialty,
loo by tho oar-load at spooial rates.
Waverly House,
l
OaABLEHTON, 8. 0,
GEORGE T. ALFOHD, ? ? ? ? Manager
Rates $2 and $2.50 por Day.
Tbla farorito Family Hon no, under its new '
managomont, is rootxnmoudod for tho exool
lonoo of iiscuirttne and homo-like comfort*.
Ita airy and well ventilated rooms hftvoiimt
boon uewly oarpetod and elegantly fnmlahod.
w. m. osini. *. a. own.
OHAFBB A O'BRIEN,
Wholesale Qrooari
*00 Eaat Bay Bt,
Charleston, t* C.
Agpafe for ?atom's Trwalota Tr?tec Orasfc
?rs. sag lt-Iy
WDLBERN k PIEPER,
Wholesale Grooers
And Dealers ia
Provisions, Liquors, Tobacco Ac.
ft antt imp MART BA F,
*ag 1>-17 OHARIJCBTON, 8. O
DR. T. BERWICK LEG ARE,
DENTIST,
Graduate of the Baltimore College of
Dental Surgery.
OFFICK-DKKALB IIO INK.
Entraneo on Broad Stroot.
NEW ARBIYALJI
W. C. G E R A L D ' 8
OLD CORNER ITORI.
I to** Jmrt> v*hu*?4 from m*rktt, fWn |
Pnreh*ee2|B bsar^.tock of all
Kinds or Good
K} **????' ?w?? prioM, tod I fctaad
* T* ?* bMMflt Of MT loW
pi lood parohasea. My stock oonaistaof
Fall and Winter Dry Goods*
Notions, Hosiery, Jto.
Th? best make and latest styles of
Boots and Shoes. Clotllnt, Hats, &c.
GROCERIES t
In Groceries I hare as fine a atook aa oan be
seen in town.
HARD WARE!
For Plantation, On don and Household nae.
Full line ot Saddlery and Harness. In fao^
I have got almost anything you oan call for,
?nd am dutermlned to ssll
CHEAP FOR CASH.
Call before you btiy elsewhere. Bagging and
Tics always on hand. Uipheet pricos paid for
Cotton In oaaii. W. O. GERALD,
A? tt?* Old Corner titoro.
Remodeled and Newlf Ftirnislieii,
LATHAM HOUSE,
OAMDEN, S. C.
Transient Board $2.00 Per Day.
Ample accommodations. Table* auppli*
with the best the market affords. Every ad
tent'.on paid to the oomfort of gueaU.
Counccted with the Honee Is a flrst-olasa
HAR, whioh is orderly kopt.
Hack to and from the dopot. Far* 25 oenta
caoh way.
Feed and Llvory Stable on premises.
S. B. LATHAM, l^opwwrom.
W. CLYBURN,
General Insurance Agent
And Cotton Buyer.
Removed to his old eta id at Olybnrn's Block
Will pay tho hlghebt price for Oolton and bu.
tnnro freoly than ever before.
trr
ai o a cal
freoly than ever before.
My oountry frisnds will please in**
;al'. sn*17-tf.
PRICES REDUCED.
ROBERT D. WHITE,
MARBLE i GRANITE WORKS.
PLANS FURNISHED.
Mooting Btroo';, oorr. Florllwck's Alloy
nuglH-yl. CHAULHBTpN. S. 0.
A- R. THOIVTLINSON
Manufacturer of
HAR1TB83, of Evory Description,
SADDLER, BRIDLES, Bta
MoC. SADDLES,
NEW AND OLD.
-j
Importor of English gftddlca, Steel Bits,
Bpurtt.MtirrnpH, Etc
Faotory and salesroom 137 Mooting St.,
Bept 1-ly. CHARLFRTON, 8. a
]y?ETAIA
IRON, RAQ6,
10PE, COTTON
HIDES, SKINS,
WOODWAX, FUBfl
ALD KINDS OF rAFER STOCK, &?.
Kf Wo aro paying tho nighost Cash Prices
MOOES GOLDSMITH A SONS,
angl8-l*. P. O. Do* 1">*
FOUNDRY, 60x911 Feet. MACHINE SIIOP, 50x250 Foot DOILER SHOP, *0x130 Feel]
GEORGE JEl. LOMBARD & OoJ
Foundry, Machine and Boiler Works,
-fifc-imsrixas-fceb, - <G*-^or!>??!.?.J
BUILDERS OF Engine* and Boilers, Raw Mills, Qrlst Mills, and all kinds of Mill asaefcrl
nery of the late.t lmpiovod atyles. Shafting, Hangors, Pulley*, Ooarlng and Joarnal Box**, f
Wo havo a largo asaorlment of Pattern*, Sugar Rollori) and Gin Gearing.
DEALERS IN Engine and Mill Sappho*, C'lrotiUr Haws, Files, Oummorn, Swages, Olol
Olicok and Safoty Yalroa, Whistles, Oangos, K ?invPipn and Fittings. Rabbet metal from
to iO contt?. Rolling, Lnolng, Rubber, Ilomr, Koipstono and Asbostos Packing, Oil, and
Onps, Wronchot, R?#\uty Wheels, oto. '
AGENTS FOR K?Lpifl Daubla Turbine Whc<l, Korting's Universal Injootorr, the beef |
made. Rradfmd Mill Co'a. Portablo Mills. Nordyko <fc Marnion Oo.'s Plantation Oorn tH |
Poed Mills, Atlas Engl no Works and Erlo City Iron Works, Portablo and Stationery Engine*.
Kunklo'd Pop Safety Valros. Cloud Oreok Mill Rooks.
49" Iron and Brass Castings, and all kinds of Ropa'ra promptly done. We oast erery day.
and are working about one hundred hands
a
GONGAREE IRON WORKS,
COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA*
1M lM<u V K I)
CIRCULAR SAW MILLS.
BIMPLE, CURAT AND DURUILR,
We *?* the oelebrated Friction Food on all oiu H kw M lis. W? one the ??If]
Mat material in their oonstrno'ioD, anlf-ptre neither labor nor expenee to
ier themaa near perfeot m possible. We warrant all onr work to be well (
?nd of good material. We would like if yon wonl.l compare the following fl|
with thoM of other manntaotnrera and aee if we do not leil yon a better and '
lew Mill.at mum figure*:
PBIORB.
Mo. 1 Mill, with 86 fnehe*,Saw, 16 feet onrrlage fS71.
?? 1 ?? " 88 ?? 18 " *85
"| ?? ? 40 " 20 " 800
?a ?? " 84 " 20 " 825
?? 8 " M 46 " 20 ? 8B0,
"I ?? ?? 48 M 54 " 876
"4 ?? ? 60 " 24 '? 400
??4 ?? ?? 62 " 24 " A28
Extra Carriage, $8.00 por frot. The aboT* mills o<?n>i<b to t > main belt.
Deol It JOHN Al#F.X VNDF.R. PronrietO
WILSON, GHILDS ft CO.,
PHILADELPHIA WAGON WORK"
rmxiAO LriiiA pa..
?;
<?/_>
Q
H
2
IttVOfAOTtmUl OV ILL XflfM OV
PlantatioA, Oity, Fttiglit, BusteMi, B?p?H
SPRING WAGONS,
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