The Kershaw gazette. (Camden, Kershaw Co., S.C.) 1873-1887, August 23, 1883, Image 4
FARM, 6AB1HSN AND HOUSEHOLD.
Liming meadows or old past urn
lands with say thirty bushels to tho
?ere, ha* an effect upon the condition
of the crop of gro>? that few farmers
would believe .wlUtout giving it a trial.
In faot we do not know bow the same
amount of money can be expended
upon land with the same profit. It la
not only certain but lasting. We have
known farmers to pasture meadows
flfty veare without being turned up by
the simple application of lime once in
six to ten years. These pastures,
which are regarded as permanent* and
mostly abound in clay molds, after
being grazed down thoroughly are re
stored almost knee-deep in from A /e
to six weeks. We do not hesitate to;
say that nowhere has lime a more
marked effecl and can be used with
better results than in the renovation pf j
old pastures.?Germantotcn Telegraph.
<?karc?nl a Fo*4.
Whatever increase the power of lay*,
Ing on fat oY promoting the rapid and I
healthy production of flesh must be
food or equivalent thereto. This pure
charcoal does most effectually, as re
cently proved by taking the live
weights of two lots of sheep, and
(simply separating them by an ordinary
net, the artificial foo l, corn and cako
being carefully wt lulled out to each
lot mike daily, oao p'nt of charcoal
being added to cne lot only. When re
weighed prior to selling to the butcher,
the increase in weight was in favor of
charcoal by 10? per cent. Sanitation
causes easy, and complete digestion,
and Assimilation only can account for
these results, which charcoal alone
accomplish. The charcoal should be
given mixed with the /ood, except in
urgent cases, when- it may be mixed
in water of thin gruel, and given as a
drench^ The dose is one pint to every
twentyfive - head of sheep or lambs,
one-quarter pint per head for full
grown cattle, horses or pigs; half
the -quantity for young cattle,
and twfr spoonfuls to ohe
dessertspoonful for young calves, daily,
when suffering from dlseaso or in ill
condition. To keep in good health
and fortify againtt .disease; the dose
should be given two or three times
per wepk according to the class of food
they ate having and the state of the
atmosphere. The be>tp'an Is to wet
a quantity of bran, pollard or malt
combined t mix the chardoal among it,
and then among the food you give
. them. For rapid and healthy fatting
of cattle it should be used daily among
their focd. Charcoal for Internal and
medicinal purposes must l>e pure veg
etable" charcoal, free from all irritating
and Injurious toreign matter. The
charcoal, when coming into the -usot's
possession, must be kept perfoctly dry
and, fr^e ,from any ill smelling sur
roundings, such as the vapors of a sta
ble or artificial manures, etc., of it will
absorb them, and thus become septic,
and of no medlcinnl value. It is bet
ter kept in a closed bln_Ortin canister
with a closely fittingjfliver.?Farm
and Home.
PHllry Nolr*.
1, Poultry need protection and shado
from the hot summer sun, and if de
lved of it they will, of course, en
but It will bo an injury to them,
. j'Svill show itself by tho decrease in
the number of eggs.
Itt2. Poultry cannot be kept to ad
itafce unless they have a properly
anged house for their accommoda
tion.' This is just as necessary to their
well-being as it is that horses and cat
tle have a good stablo.
T 8. Egg shells should alway? be
crushed before feeding them to the
fowls, for when fed whole it is apt to
teaoh them the bad habit of eating
their eggs.
4, It woUld be found better both for
the producer and consumer of eggs to
sell by weight rather than numbej, for
as the market is to-day small eggs sell
for the same price as nice large ones do.
5. Charred corn Is an excellent food
for laying hens and serves to keep
them healthy and vigorous. Do not
feed entirely, but glvo once a day, and
l>e careful In preparing It or it will
burn to ashes.
0. Peed should ho given regularly
and in suoh quantlrs that none will bo
left on the ground but will all be
cleaned up by the fowls, and should
consist of a soft feed in the morning
and whole grain of some kind in the I
evening. . ?
, 7. Plenty of Water Bhpuld be given
, - - .?-- ? ?r?'- "v b"'??
fresh at least once a day at all times of
the year.
8, In selecting a cock the following
desirablo. That he should !
. _ 4 size with broad head and
kg lege and wings, carry a high
head, orow often and loud, not loud so
much lis strong and shrill, have a large
red comb and soratoh vigorously, con
stantly calling, his mates to eat some
' thing he has found and is qulok in de
fending them.
9? when fowls are confined, their
yard should always contain a grass plot
with fruit trees for shade, plenty of
grav41t and considerable quantity of
AMced lime when orushed egg or
oyster shells cannot be obtained, a dunt
"Mtti of dry wood ashes, and it would,
be well to dig up (or plow, If large j
enough) part of the yard so the hens
canjiave a place to sciatoh .and find
?-4% worm?. 'I% ;W?' ~ ;
' j 10. Periods of Inoubatlon are as fol
lows Coinmon hen 19 to 21 days;
irn^ 26 days; turkey 27 to 28 days;
128 to 29 days; pea hen 27 to 29
U guinea hen 25 to 26 days,
t of the eggs I have hatched this
,_i from common hens were hatohed
. nineteen days, though in some cases
they ovrrun twenty-one days.?//, B.
Waldo.
. '?t, ??
^ d<>anut X^k.?One quart sweetj
three eggs, one tablespoon of
r, one-halt oup of sugar and one
,(rated cocoanut, Orate notmcg
, Aover top and bake In pie plates With'
only An under crust.
''3 OnoootATfl Ioiko.?rut into an
old plate eight on m m of granulated
? ^Jwiar, .two ouncea of grated chocolate,
and abuut seven tablespoons of cold
wat?r; set it in the oveh or on tho
'stove, stir till it is like thick orearo.'
Tfse at once { it will liarden as it oools*
Tomatoes.- -Take twelve ripe to
, matoes, cut the tops oit for a oover,:
take out the inside*, ana mix with six
x)a crackers, rolkd line; mix in but'
Mf, pepper and salt; cot the toinatcei
in* deep earthen dish and fill with
the cracker*, put a cover on each and
bake in oven* :^; i \ - |l
Fkiko K<<o Plant reel egg
plants, slice thin, sprinkle a little salt
ovet them, and let stand half an honrj
wipe slices dry, dip them into beater
egg, then into grated cracker;
them a light brown in boiling; h
season with peeper while cooking.
less ^pensive way is to sprinkle the
eg| plant with salt, flour and pepper,
Orkkm Vkah.~ Shell one-half peok
of green peas. Put boiling water to
thetn, add one teaipoonful of
iwpan and boil one*
> one between your
"irfssris
W? i* Wv
them in a deep disb, put to them one
half cup of butter and a little pepper.
Serve hot; email young potatoes, nicely
?craped, may be boiled and served
with tbem or in a separate dish with
a little batter over them.
> Macaroni 'and Ouktwk.?Cook one
half pound of macaroni in a pint of
well-salted water until tender; grate
one-half pound of cheeee while maca
roni Is cooking; take ? pudding dish
that will hold one quart, and place in
the bottom a layer of macaroni, ^hen a
layer of cheese, season with peppgr and
salt; then another layer of maafroni,
and so on uutll all is used up; over
this pour one and a half oups of sweet
milk; sprinkle over the top some stale
breadcrumbe, plaoe in oven and bake
a light brown. This may be eaten hot
or cold, but ia better hot.
rAC rs rou THE CURIOUS.
Investigation has developed that the
game of draw poker was invented
somewhere about 184C or 1847, by Mr.
Kirkman, of Tennessee, a turfman of
some note.
A Chinese encyclopedia, begun more
than 100 years ago, and still unfinished,
has already filled nearly 100,000 vol*
ume?j, and will not be completed, pntil
00,000 more are writton. " J
Vislto.s find in some of the old
houses of Nentucket tall Dutch clocks,
with hole.* in the cases where screws
had boen taken out. This was done
in order to banish wicked ornaments of
brass or steel.
The biggest of the big trees of Cali
fornia must doff its r.luih'es to a mon
arch of the Australian woods, if the
??sport is true that a symmetrical
specimen of the Eucalyptus amygda
lina 430 feet high was lately discov
ered in Victoria.
The tallest princess in the world is
the crown princess of Denmark. She
is six feet two inches high. She is
very fond of dancing, but has often to
forego the pleasure, because, being
keenly sensible of ridicule, she does
not wish to have an inadequate
partner.
Whenever n member of the English
royal family is buried a foe for break
ing the ground of ?250 is demanded
by the dean and chaplain of "Windsor,
although not an inch of ground is dis
turbed. A stone is removed from St.
George's chapel. This stone closes the
passage of the royal vault, which is
really a spaelous room.
A traveler, while walking among
the ruins of Caracalla's bathsin Rome,
came near being killed by a stone
dropped from a considerable height by
a crow. He had ventured too near
their nests, and they picked up stones
in their talons, soared to a height of
nearly 100 feet and let them drop.
Some of the stones weighed a pound.
Mrs; r Augusta Smith, of St. ?ouls,
Mo;, is one of the lightest sleepedi in the
State. She is awake twenty-two hours
out of every day on the average, and
when Bhe does slumber it is scarcely
more than a doze, during which she is
partially conscious of all that is going on
around her. She is strong and healthy,
with a good appetite, ana not partlcu-.
larly nervous.
It is very easy to distinguish a but
terfly from a moth when the Insect is
at rest. A butterfly always has its
wings upright. The little skipper
butterflies are tho only exception to
this rule, and even those elevate the
fore-wings. But the moth when it
alights always puts its wings in a hor
izontal position, folding the fore pair
backward so that the hind wings aro
almost concealed. .
James W. Earl, of Reading, Penn.,
is the owner of a curious plant known
as the ingatroe. He received it from
Australia several years ago. It is now
about three feet in height. The flower,
when* fully open, resembles 'a "bottle
brush In form, and has a rioh red color.
When the sun sets its leaves -fold and,
the ends of the twigs coll up, appar
ently going to sleep. Thib'Vounger or
m0rd tender leaves {dw^ys go to sleep
first?; Wbeh remov^from^lie'iStiS
which it matures the leaves begin to
stand in all directions, and in a short
time the plant is In a quiver. It gives
out a sickening perfume.
Battle Between a Raf and a Turtle.
Hon. John B. Gamier* of Lawrence^
burg, Ind., has quite a curiosity in his
garden. It is a pet turtle, of the hard
shell kind. Its peculiarity consists in
its ability to catch rats. Ever since
nuisance to tho Inhabitants of Newton'
Wnlcb is rfortunately located o'ti high
?;round. Mr. Okrnler ai\d family have
requently noticed the pet turtle feast
ing on tho ? Carcass of dead
raw, and had wondered at this
strange sight; but Vefeterday, as
the gentleman was showing some
friends through his beautiful garden
of flowers, tbelr attefctlOtTwafl at
tracted to the rustling of plants near
by, accompanied by a scratching and
caus^ o? u!^^i?turi?nci ft, what was
in a fierce battle with rt" Targe rat.
"ie turtle had toe**t by the side, and
1' jujMO" the
sistintff
scratching th#h\ _ .
pzt, but wICTOut making an
sion. It was squealing mo3t f
id while the visitors were 1
astonishment the turtle C(
eted its work of death, an
over a corpse.?0\
tinr. *V
s
Anecdote of Commodorfc Vartderbllt.
This anecdote la "told of this late
Commodore Vanderbllt; At
occasion, when
of a hotel, a
? ladv apprc
his acquaintance.
arose and talk*'
while his wife
the air with s
the young lady, as
sumed his neat " don't yt
that vulgar Mrs. as
who used to sell poultry t6 us
*?Lisrsiitr,
'susses
ng oysters out of my boat*'' An
homely reply was hoard T>y a
group surrounding the family, there
wa* no furthdr attempt at arlntoeriitle
airs on the jpiart' of tne Indies d^rmg
that sea on. '->> ?? *
m \%m'i n in ' ' I
All Accounted For. ^ j
"1 underntand that the red on lie
American barber-pole represents lie
blood; the blue, Veins, and the W1 te'
bandages/
^Wnat do the stars represent PJr
> V They represent," said the jifl
man, as he sat up in the barber's eh ir,
"what a iran sees when he gets hi*
tooth pulled out by a barber,
York Sun, . ,
A shopkeeper having had a stormy
discussion With his better-half, put
the shutters up and affixed the follow
ing notice: "Closed during alterca
tions.**"
T ?colokb?co*hubutt. ,
_
^ uniwiinrw
vfc^jyr" ?"** ?*? Wuma? b.
""V
sut<B troopa took
fission of Newbern, N. C., in 1862,
had a train of camp-followers, com
of negro ? ?, women and chtl
who had oft their homes to
flocked Into the lihcs hoping to reach
the "happy -hunting-grounds," where
rations were given out and no work
w*w required In return, it soon became
necessary for the . officer In command
to provide not only fool but shelter
lor this following. Just opposite the
town, across the river Trent, at Its
junction with the Neuse, was a barren
sandbank belonging to the Speight,
Donnel and Shepherd families, on
which, as abandoned lands, these ne
groes were settled and material fur
nished them to build houses for them,
selves. At flrot they paid a small rent
to the freedman's bureau; but when
that became extinct no further rent
was demanded of them, and each lot
holder regarded his lot as his property
absolutely As the population in
creased these lots were bought and
sold among themselves, and deeds for
them given and register*! in due form.
Under the name, first of Ilayti and
afterward of James City, from James
town in the isle of Hayti, a town grew
up composed entirely of negroes, the
first rudo shanties being, in some in
otances, replaced by neat and eom
fortab e dwellings. Two churches,
one of large si/e, the other smaller,
were bulit. and lately a neat school
house erected, where two white wo
men the only ones in the place, are
teaching a minion school under the
auspices of some Northern society.
Tho town.fcubjectof course to the laws
. ? uL ',8 governed entirely by
the inhabitants according to their own
Ideas of right. They e&t thdr ow?
constable, and the sheriff of the county
ot Craven appoints a deputy, who is '
mh^egro , Rt\d roxides in the place. I
Their ruie is mostly patriarchal, the
older and more intluenHal men form
ing a committee whoso business it is
r tll? lnterests of the town
and settlo a'l vexed questions. In local
matters there is no appeal from their de
cisions.
mirnl1Lth,ro? yeare a?? th?y lived un
[)ut suddenly a trouble arose
which their committee could not settle
James A. Bryan, a resident of New
bern, having married one of the Shep
herd heirs and bought out the Interest
or the others, commenced proceedings
against the whole popul-.ition to eject
them from their houses or force them
to pay an enormous price for them.
As yet he has not been able to recover
a dollar, and it is doubtful wnether he
can ever do so, as the James City com
Ihn ?v e?P%ed the best legal
l!2 ?y? IJew,bern. ??d the.'r lawyers
a^e determined to light t'lroucrh everv
court having Jurisdiction JZ? Z7.
which will probably be finally clocided
In the supreme court of the United
States. When Mr. Bryan's first writ
Of ejectment was served the sheriff of
the county sent the papers over bv a
negro deputy, who was met at the
landing by tt deputation of the male
. moral und physical strength
that ?f?aCe- ^'i0 co?'ry him
that if ho would wait till they could
rffS? K)eir law>'er' William E.
Clarke, who was then out of town he
rn ght serve those papers if Mr* Clarke
said so ; but that If he attempted to
do bo then, or if Mr. Clarke objected
tho men of the place would not per
sonally resist tho law, but tho women
would Immediately put him in the
river and see that ho did not get to
land again. The deputy attempted
argument, and proposJd,^ Mr. c"arko
was out of town, thr.t thoy consul?
some other lawyer. No, they Sl^d
William h. Clarke was their lawyer
and tho only man they Intended to con
sult or to trust. As there is no ap
proach to the p.-ace from Newbern ex
cept by boat or the railroad bridge
over which a foot passenger only can'
pass by stepping from tie to tie the
deputy thought discretion tho better'
H r' nn(1 returnod to tell the
sheriff that "if he wanted them papers
to l^r 0 mt d0 lt hlni8elf. ?s he
Jack Ilussey, was not going to bo torn
in piecas and then flung in tho rlyer bv
tho James City women."
Once a month a town meeting is held
to collect money to pay tho lawyers
when the city father? ns,e.? S
householder what they think proper
for him to pay. This assessment
varies with the pecuniary situation of
the payer, who is at liberty to show
causo, if ho can, why it should bo
lowered, but there is no appeal from
decision of the committee.
n0Sie m6n 0f atho place ar0 either
fishermen, carters, stevedores or farm
hands. Some hlro themselves to white
farmers and some work their pwn
land, whllo the women and children
Pick peas and cotton, or live out as
houso servants in Newbern, returning
as a general rule, every night to theft
homes. Some of them havo accumu
lated considerable property. One of
their leading men, JeJe jLok,? ha.
since tho war paid tlO.OOJ irf cash
for the Oaston plantation, just below
James City, whfoh hb has stockod and
is. npAv cultivating. It belonged
^rmSrlyM William Gaston, of
tho North Carolina suprome court.
Not being a part of James City this
plantation is not included in tin con
wSh T"' Por " '?"K tlme"?e
Jacob Grimes was almost kinir of the
place, but unfortunately Jacob, having I
tied a rope roupd a barrol of molasses
, ,W Newhern, thrownTt
Into the river, and then towed it across
to Jamos City, was convlctod of steal
to ,,,n ?wniten
When delegates are to be sent to any
political corfVefttlon a meeting is called
in the largest church, and the named
of thfei CSftdldfttes are read out, after
which tho chairman, calling them in
order, says: " Mr. A., you will please
rise and go to tho left a!de of the
house. Kow, all of you a<* is in favor
of sending Mr. A. to the convention
go and stand by Mm." Mr. B. Is next
^ent to the right, and Mr. O. ortllod to
the center, and their friends ordered
to gather around them. Noses are
then counted, and tho person having
tho groatesfc numbor ranged beside
them are pronounced nominated as
delegates. There is no chance of
cheating under this rule. 4
No white person Is allowed to hold
property or do .business within the
town limits, but Just outside may bo
found tho inovltablo liquor dealer. An
a gonoral rule tho inhabitants aroquiot
and orderly among thomHolves, but the
man who runs counter to tho sontl
monts of tho community, whether
White or black, "isn't allowed to open
his mouth In dis place." The break
Ing up of ihte H?ttlemont would bo a
great imwottune, n^t only to tho In
habitants but to the agricultural part
of the community, as laborers are hi red
hero for mllos around. During cot
ton-picking season they go olT in
? gatigs," men, women and children,
ffiose of the latter who are old enough
lb pick cotton. The farmers engaging
hem furnish shelter and rations, but
hey take their own bedding and oook
MV. '?/
_
ing utensils. During the fruit and
vegetable picking season th*y return
home every nifflxL and sojjiet Lines make
as much as |2 a day. They also work
in the canning, but not in the cotton,
factory. r. ? .1 , . |
?? ? V I
' Laeqaer Hanafscta es of Japan. i
Lacquered wares are not peculiar to
Japan, as they are made in China; and
the Japanese themselves assert that
the industry wai originaly imported
from Corea. The tree from which the
vegetable extract that forms tho basis
of lacquer is obtained (the llhus ver
nlcifera) is found ouj the Asiatic con
tinent, lut is said tp flourish best in
Japan. The tree is dl jeclotis, and wax
is extracted from its seed V as
those of the Rhus succotanea. Tho
Suality of tho lacquer depends In some
egree on the nature of the soil in
which the tree grovys. Incisions are
made In the stem,Th$ ptiMftlKX&tPflN
repeated every fourth day at success*
ively higher part3 of the tree. The
juice which oozes out Is scraped off by
a tlat iron tool. "When tho troc has
l>een thus tapped to tho topmost
branches, it is lolled. The lop is cut
Into lengths, which are tied into fag
gots, and steeped in water for from
ten to twenty dayj, after which the
hark is pierced, and tho oozing lacquer
Is collected in thotamo way as from
the stem, v One or't&olplints-'besido
the true cultivated 'lacqOef troei-also
produce both lacquer and vegetable
wax.
Tho juice thus collected is ?
tenacious fluid of a grayisli-brown
color. It is allowel to stand and
settle when first obtained. A kind of
skin forms ovor the turf nee; tho
better quality rise3 to tho top, and tho
impuritios sink to tho bottom. It is
thus easy to soparuto tho linest from
the Inferior qualities, and tho former
are Btralned through cotton or porous
paper. By stirring in the open air tho
lacquer partially dries, absorbs oxvgt n
and gains a brilliant dark color. In
tho fluid state It Is highly corrosive,
and If a drop falls on tho tikin it. will
produce a nore, often eating its way to
the bone. There Is even said to bo a
particular kind of fever caught in tho
lacquer maaufavtorh s. Not, however,
that any special buildings are used for
the purpose of t'lis industry, which
Doctor l>resser tells us is carried on in
ordinary lious?s. The lac |uer workers
kneel on tho usual matted floors, and
the chief caro taken is to keep the
apartments clean hnd free from dust.
The lacquer is spread on tho sub
stratum employed, which Is almost
invariably wood, In coats ot succes
sively increasing fineness;, ,the Ur?t
coat usually being mixed with pow
dered earth. Each coat when dry is
rubbed down with a cutting stone.
In an object int nded to bo of excel
lent quality, as many a< eleven coats
are thus laid on before the do oration
is commenced. After tho appll atlon
of the last coat the surfa e is ground
down ? with lumps of hard charcoal,
which aro kept wet, and tho dual
polish is given by tho ashes of deer's
horns.
The pattern to he borne by the object
is sketched in outline in lacquer upon
fibrous e'astlc paver; the paper Is
warrae I an.l fitted to the surface to bo
decorated, an.l the pressure of tho
hand Is enough to transfer in the put
tern, after which tho paper Is re,novel.
If the pattern is to ho in gold, the out
line is then followed by a lino hair
pencil, dipped in lacquer, which Is in
tended to act as a s.'zo. When this has
so far dried as to ho sticky, lino gold
dust is shaken on it from a 8poop. The
gold dust looks gray at: first, bht i'.s
yellow color is brought out by bur
nishing. In addition to golds dust,
minute squares of gold of about tho
thlcknesi of writing paper are pre
pared and placed in their proper posi
tions in the pattern hy means of a
pointed stick. As an illustration of
the almost inlinile minuteness of this
kind of work, Dr. Dri sser describes a
little medicine case, three and a quar
ter inches long^ two 'rfnd a quarter
inches wide, and seven-eighths of an
Inch in greatest thi< kness, which Is
decorated with lifty-nlno heads of
flowers, each of which is half an inch
in length and'thrtje-siateenths. of an
inch in "width/ frri ea'h-eighth "6f an
inch square of these flower hea Is aro
about ono hundred and twenty dis
tinct pieces of gold, making six hun
dred tesseroo for cfkch h6ad, or ab?vo
thirty-five thousand on the box, In
addition to these flowers, the ltytlo
heads of grass on the ease aro also
tipped with tl)0little golden square^.?
Edinburgh lievlcto. ' ?!?
Congress.
Of the seventy-six Senator*, thlrty
flve had been members of the House
before their election as senators, And
three or four had been members ofiho
Confederate Congress. Voorhe??, (fib- I
son, Allison, Deck, Iloar, Lamar, Van
Wyok and Pendleton had sorvod a pro
bation of eight years ravh in the Ilou ;o
before entering the Senate. Sawyer
served ten yoars in the I louse j Pjyo
land Morrill, twelve ea-h; Conger,
j fourteen, and Dawes olghteen.: 'thirty
j members of the Senato havo been
elected more than on6e; Hansom, Wi)r
rill and Sherman have been' elected
three time) each; Kdmund* four tildes
and Anthony Ave times. Anfhony
has been longer in the Senato than'any
man there, having had twentydive
years .of ooptlnubus Jpejcvlc<> ':1m that
body} * ^ThVeo iSenalbta . haVel soon
longer congressional service than he,
however; Sheriflafi and l>aVis having
been twenty-six years in the House
and Senate, and Morrill twonty-eight
years. In the House, Kelley hat had
twenty-two year*, Cox twenty-ono
years, and Randall twenty years. In
the next House there vMLbd u67 l<h >
hav? Korvod In Congress before, 148
having been member* of the la t Hon o.
Pour have been mrtnber* of the
Senafce~?-JPryor, of Alabama, Uiuton, of
CoftQecticu't,: j^jjnd, <jfj Wthoftt and
Kellogg, or Louisiana' fftngietdn, of
Mississippi, is the oldest member of
the new House, having served In the
thirty-third Congress,?jUoston Trar*
el&r. 'OU '.
?? i ; '"i A
ftangerpus (faste In Kaslmns.
The story of the s'liccet^fdl carpet of
the sneak-thief Charles Rogers (alias
"Pine," No. 1,967 Hogiie* - Callery)
contains Rome hints dh tlia dangers
attending the American habit of doing
business In too groat a hurry. It is
the constant rush of / tile ? AmeMi-ftn
system which makes it posaiblo for even
the most expert irif fraaeals to perform
such miracles of robbery as thostrallog
of coupons from under tho noso of the
man who was clipping them, or the
carrying olT of a package of 180,000
I from a safe deposit vault iri open day.
In London ana Paris it would not be
| possible under their guarded and care
ful manner of doing banking business,
[ for strangers like this operator and his
several "pals" to got near a Vault con
taining valuables, or to approach for
purposes of conversation a clerk fn
charge of funds. The informality with
which business is transacted in WSll
street Is one of the things which at
once Impress themselves upon the
mind of a foreigner or one who Is
familiar with foreign customs.--Nm
\ York Tribiiw.
FIB ABB PBCORimS.
-
The word ring Is derived from the
Saxon and la that. language denoted a
i trcleor circular line, bearing almost
the same significance It does to-day.
The practice of wearing finger and ear
rings is a very anolent one. Both are
mentioned in the earliest books of the
Bible, and their use seems to have been
very common. According to Hero
dotus, they were popular ornaments |
with the people of Babylon, and It is
probable that frpm Asia tha custom of
weailng them passed trito Greeco and J
In this manner extended over the rest
of Europe. ;They were also extensively
worn in anqletyt Egypt rod aro fre
quently found represented in the
sculptures aud. montloned in tho
hieroglyphic j,.. /
i The Romans, who are said to have
derived the use of rings from the Sa
biues, wore them not plono for orna
mont but for uso as signets. Only
free Romans hnd the right to wear
them, and in the earliest days of the
republic they were but sparingly u<ed,
but as tho peopl .? became corrupt and
effeminate they woro moro and more
of tlieso ornaments until their lingers
woro crowded with thorn. Some of
the dudes of those days even had dif
ferent sets of rings for summer and
winter.
There havo been various explana
tions of tho uso of tho ring in connec
tion with marriage. One of these Is
that as tho delivery of a signet ring by
the owner to anotlnr person was an
i indication of con (Id nee, so the giving
of a ring by a husband to his wile was
a sign of his trust in an I esteem for
her. Another explanation is that the
ring being a circle, without beginning
or end, symbolizes eternity and con
stancy, and that the left ban 1 was
chosen to denote tho wife's subjection
to her hus' and, and the third linger was
solected because tho ring was then sup
posed to press a vein which communi
cated directly with th * heart.
| i Tho gold used by manufacturing
jewelers is obtained from brokers who
purchase it in large quant.ties at the
Cnited State3 assay ollice,. by which
means they arc enabled to make about
I one-third of one per cent. 1 y the opera
tion. The gold is then in tho form of
parallolograin-shapod bars weighing
from 400 to 1)00 ponny weights, and is
almost absolutely pure. When wanted
for use it is placed under powerful
rollers, which reduce it to a plate thin
enough to be cut by lever shears. It
' is then placed in cruciblis and melted,
and the alloy, consisting of silver and
copper, 4s added, the proportions l.eing
varied a 'cord ng to tho quality of gold
dosired. In gold of eighteen carat
fineness, for instance, there are
eighteen parts of gold to six parts of
alloy, while ' in fourteen carat
gold, but fourte.n parts of gold
is used to ten parts of alloy.
The usual alloy is one-third silver and
two-thirds copper, but these propor
tions are changed to give a lighter or
darker color to the compodtion. When
the meta' is completely fused it is run
into molds, from which it comes forth
in tho shape of plate or wire ingots,
the former being me A in tho manufac
ture of seal and diamond rings whilo
of the latter band and we lding rings
aro made.
Tho process of making plaih rings
is very simple. Tho wir ? ingots are
run between rollers, by whic'i they are
reduce ! to tho requisite thicknefs and
shape, that is, tlat half round and
square. Then the wire is cut into
different lengths, each pleio is bent
into tho form of a ring, the ends aro
soldered together, and the rings pass
into tho hands of the polishers. The
polishing is done with brushes com
posed of stiff bristles and others of felt,
and after this process Is completed the
ring is ready for market.
In tho manufacture of diamond and
seal rings this prccess Is more complex,
as there aro so mnny moro parts re
quisite to their completeness and per
fection. When a certain kind of ring
is to be manufactured, the different
parts of which it is composed, such as
shanks, Kottings, stones, etc., are gotten
out by tho foreman and given to tho
jeweler who constructs the ring. It
then goes to tile pOlishor; next to the
engraver ; b ick again to the polishor.
It is then ready for the setter, who in
serts the stono or gems, and then for
tho last time is returttcfd to the pol
isher, at whose hands it receives its
llnnl touches.
The shanks and settings are cut
out of the gold plate,bv means of steel
dies, each pattern teqiuring a dioof its
own, and the prepaffcth n of these dies
is a work that i*iUi?ei great skill and
an immense amount of labor, and new
ones have con dantly'to bo made, as
fashions cuarfge ih tings as we 1 as
everything else,''nndhiahtifacturers are
constantly looking out'for novel do
I f %" ? ^ ";{ + 'li i- -
vices.
Manufacturers rtfe. subject to great
loss yearly from the fdot that so much
of the gold dust and filings l'->^ *u
the different processes, though every
precaution is taken to render it as little
as possible. The floors are swept often
and thoroughly/; the aprons of the
workmen are washed on tho premises,
and the water, Well nfl that in which
they wash their hand", Is drained from
one receptacle into aiiother until all
forolgn substances have settled at tho
bottom, after which the water Is poured
off and the residuum told to the re
finers, as Is also tho dirt swopt from
i tho flcors and wotk benches. Tho
refuse Is burtied by the retlher, tho
ashes placed In ft Crucible and subjected
to an Intense heat, a flux Is added, and
at the conclusion of tho process tho
gold Is found,in a solid lump at tho
bottom of the crucible.?New York
Truth. .k'm* <;
Heaslcknes?.
Sea lckneaa |? the result, says Mr.
Btevons In 8ortbnirtot reflex irritations
arising from little surprises to the
muscles, and shocks to the nervea en
gaged In performing certain important
t'unotttfhs notably of locomotion, res
piration and and when the
groups of muscttto thus engaged are
onoe educated th# surrounding cir
cumstances, thd hef vo?ia revulsions are
not experlencwL l'roper attention to
the exorcise or these functions may so
far mitigate theAronble an to make it
rather an inconvenleneo than a dis
tressing Illness. it bd distinctly
understood that medicines can only
piWerit AfcasTrtkhess by Inducing nerv
ous insensibility, and that such a Stupe
fying process is dlreotyy opposed to tho
object of tho voyage when this is un
dertaken for the promotion of h -alth.
Kvnry article of diet llkolv to disturb
tho digestive organs should be avoidn I,
and an abundant supply of oxygen
should be inhaled. The feet should l.e
Cduoatod, theirespfiation regulated and
the vision restricted. If close atten
tion U glVdrt to tfteae directions, 1 ttlo
fear of sorlous sipkness naed ho appre
hended ; arid a voyage which might
otherwise be remembered with tho
most disagreeable a soelations may to
rendered a season of almost uninter
rupted enjoyment.
The number of ah<&p in Montana U
estimated at 603,000.
JAPANESE ARTISTS.
Th# Weadirfal r?ellItjr and Quick ne?*
of Itkitr Work DMcrlWd.
The Japan est have a great advan
vage over the Eiwopeans in being
obliged from infancy to learn the use
of a brush. Their alphabet is in fact?
a series of exercises in free-hand draw
ing. Not only l? ii composed of an im
mense number of complicated devices,
but thousand of characters borrowed
from the Chinese are in daily use. A
; boy who can write a letter has already
i unconsciously acquired the precision of
1 touch of a trained European artist. In
writing the paper is laid upon the left
. hand, instead of a desk, as is the cus
i torn also with tho Arabs. Facility of
J motion is thus acquired alike for
| shoulder, elbow, and wrist. Then, too,
1 the paper is of a peculiar quality
j which at once absorbs tho ink, and it
I requires a great precision of touch to
produce an even outline. This early
; training accounts for the marvelous
dexterity which shows itself in the
1 commonest and roughest pieces of
I decoration. There is always a certain
, freedom of touch rarely acquired by
our best artists. Dr. Dresser gives an
Interesting account of a treat prepared
I for him by Sir Ilenrv l'arkes. Five of
i the most celeorated native draughts
men werein\ited to tho embassy for
[ the purpose of practically exhibiting
their method of working. In the mid
dle of tho room was spreal a breadth
? of felt, on which w;us placed a pieco of
( paper, held down by weights. Each
J competitor had a long, slender piece of
! charco.il in a bamboo holder, some
. broad, flat brushes of deer's hair, and
j round ones made of vegetable lihre.
On a slab was a quantity of Indian
? ink. Tho llrst artist came forward,
j bowed, and knelt dowrf\ before Mh
j paper, considering it attorn volv for a
uiinute or two. Ho then imub^a few'
j almost imperceptible dMsw^h the
j charcoal point, and wfttli *a~flat brush
ull of Indian ink formed a large ir
regular mass in tho centre, and with a
small brush a few feathers and tho end
of a pendent branch. Then, beginning
at tho top of the paper, he worked
downward, and in a quarter of an hour
! produced an admirable representation
of a cock and hen and the branch of a
tree. Tho body of the hen was skill,
fully left out in the painting, so that it
was formed merely of tho uncolored
paper; but against the dark back
ground, and with a few touches to in
dicate feathers, it was entirely satisfac
tory and thoroughly decorative.
A flower-painter next mado his bow
and knolt down. He, too, began with
a few dots to guide him in the disposal
of his masses. Taking a largo brush
full of green pigment, ho made one
leaf with each sweep, varying tho
shades in the different leaves, but each
leaf being of an even color. AVith an
other brush be formed a peony flower,
Khading it by merely putting a little
water on quickly before tho red was
absorbed. Tho colors of his palette
wore indigo, gamboge, crimson lake
and red earth. Tho Japaneso attach
much importance to the art of compo
sition, and always carefully arrange in
their mind's eye beforo beginning any
? design exactly how they will produce
! balance without uniformity. One of
i tho fair sex next tried her skill. Sho
was flower-painter to the empress, and
chose as her subject a simple little
plant resembling our winter aconite
It was represented as if done up for
sale with tho root ami a piece of paper
found it. Tho fourth competitor took
, one of his broad flat brushes, dipped it
in water, and squeezed it nearly dry,
IIo then made it take the form of a
crescent, and dipped the middle part in
a dark solution ot Indian ink, leaving
the outside of a lighter shade. A few
j hairs were separated at ono side and
: dipped in the darkest shade. Uy a
i dexterous movement tho artist pro
I duced at, a >>tro!<o the shaded body of a
duck and an outline. Afterward ho
added tho nock, head, feet, and tail
feathers, and a dying duck was the re.
milt.
Another oxpert used his brush In a
similar manner, producing a train of !
rats and a background. The bodies of |
the rats were left out, as in tho ease of
thehon; but there was no doubt what
animals they were intended for, though i
the delineation was dono in this appar
ently hap-hazard manner. It is won- '
ilerful how tho Japanese can make 1
their animals live and move. Their \
birds really peck, or fly. or stand, or
strlko their prey. Tho fishes awim
and waft their talis. The Insects
lireep, or oat, or sun themselves.
There Is no mistaking what they aro
Intondod to bo doing.--Nuturday Review,
An Interesting Hello,
Georgo Washington's carriage is now
in a rather dilapidated condition. It i
muoh largor than tho carriage of tho
present day. Tho front wheels aro
very small, while the hind wheels aro
unusually largo. The body of tho
coach in of a light cream color, while
the upper part is black. Green blinds
?ro behind tho windows, ami old-fash
>(oned lamps are on each njde of the
driver's seat. It was b\iilt for Gen.
Washington- by a builder in J'hiladel
phla named Clarko, and Washington
klways r<xle it out in the boight, of stylo
with six cream-colored horses ami po
Millions and outriders. Whon In ;ho
spring of 17^ 1 he visited tho South
ern states ho inado the whole journeyt
HKX) miles. In that coach.
"A Mexican lady of rank now visit
ing the city of St. Louis has hair two
and a half yards long. She wears it
In two braids, and has a page to carry
tho ends as he would a train," says an
exchange. Junt think how it would
be to llnd a hair two yards and a half
long in tho butter, and then winder If
the lady of rank has anything to do
with the butter of her household. A
half two yards long would caute as
tnuoh gloom to settle down over a din
her-table as would a soft, silky white
hair only aijc Inches long in a ball of
KofWfcglan butter.
? ^ H y ~\,,r
y. i '? /? ?
y.y'.&i' ' ' * ' ?* * iJ:
J.O. ROLXJNQS,!
ioin roa
Statianary and Portable Steam Enjines.
f
Brown Ootrton Gins
Wlnnshlp Cotton Cln
With Feeders and Condensers
Ti.UK* & Sows Enema's,
Moxiboh Exoike*,
Saunraa A Wood Ehoikm.
Bom OoTToa Pun,
BOHOniLD COTTOW PlIM,
Fixdlxt Oottoh Paass,
Oobn axd Wheat Mills,
?Saw Uiui,
^ Bhattwo ahd Pullbis,
And all kinds af maoklnery. Do tare to call
and ae? my price* beforo purchasing any kind
of machinery. J. C. ROLLINGS,
Cahdkx. H. P. I
Wagons niKi Hug^ieN
HARNESS, ETC.
The undersigned respectfully calls atten
lion to the large stock ot 1, 2, 3 and 4 horse
"agons, single and double buggies, open and
top buRgtea, wagon aud buggy harness, etc.,
whioh ha-now has on band, aud wbioh ho is
selling at living prioes?ao low aa to ensure
largo sale*. Handling lbs heavy stock I do,
I o*n afford to aell at a small proQt.
HEPAIRIIVG
In all lU branches promptly and satisfactorily
exeoutod by competent workmen.
HORSE SHOEING
k speolalty, Qlvemeaoall. U. A. MKTT8.
aep7?lyr
OLD (1833) ESTABLISHED
Charleston Ice-House,
ALVA, GAGE & CO.,
Market, oor. Church St., Charleston, S.C.
Import*? and Shippers, Wholesale and Retail
dealers in
I O E .
Xoe packed for the oountry a specialty.
Ioe by the oar-load at kpeoial rat?^.
Waverly House,
Oauaxsrrow, 8. 0.,
G10B6E Ti ALPORD, ? ? . . Manager
Batea $2 and $2.50 per Day.
Thi? fkvorlte Family House, under lta new
management, is reoommonded for tho excel*
lenoe of its cuisine and home-like comfort*,
jfcuiryand well ventilated rooms have Just
win newly carpeted and olegantly furnishod.
?r. u. oum. v. s. o*bbm?.
OH A FEB & O'BRIEN,
Wholesale <3-rooer?
800 East Bay St,
Charleston, $? C,
Ageat* for Bxtoat's rramlnoa Traateo Oraefc
***? aog lt-Iy
WDLBERN & FIEPER,
Wholesale Grocers
And Dealer* in
Provisions, Liquors,Tobacco &c.
167 and 169 MSAMT BA Y,
Mig lHy CHARLESTON, S. 0.
DR. T. BERWICK LEG ARE,
DENTIST,
Graduate cf the Baltimore College of
Dental 8urgery.
OFFICE?DEKALB flOCNE.
Kntranco on llroad Btroe.t.
A* ' < . . V
W. O. O E R A4*#' ?
OLD CORNER STORB.
I I ' A*>1 , %
-v vi ?
I h?v? hut r*htre?4 fron rnukt^ ?km I
purcha*ad|a bMT7>took Of dI
Kind* of* Good9^
At tha vary low* prioM, and I Mini It ;
sire my cuitifl A the benaAl ol *T ioW
p.load paroha>Mt *)fy atook mmMiiI ,
Fall and Winter Dry Qood% .
Notions, Hosiery, Ac.
fhe beet make and la teat atylea of . ? j
Boots and Shoes. ClotUm, Hall,
GROCERIES!
In Grocerlea I bar? a* flno a llook aa MO U
?c?u In town.
HARDWARE!
For Plantation, Qaiden and Houaehold uaa:
Full hue ot Saddlery and Harnaee. la (U^
I liaro got almoat auythlng you oan o*U tor,
uul am determlnod to sell
CHEAP FOR CASH.
Call before you buy elaewhere, Bagging Mid
Ties alwaya on band. Ulpheat pnoee p?Jd for
Cotton In oaab. W. 0. GERAjLD,
At ?K? Old Oornar Biora.
Remodeled and Newly FnrnisM,
LATHAM HOUSE,
CAMDEN, S. O.
Transient Board $2.00 Ptr Day*
Ample aooommodatlona. Table* eupplle
with the beat tho market afforda. Krary ad
tentlonpaid t > the oomfort of gaeata.
Conuooted with tbe Houae la a flrat-olaas
DAR, which la orderly kept. ,
Hack to and from the depot Far? 86 [oenta
oaoh way.
Foed and Lire
rery Htable on premlaea.
8. B. LATHAM, Pnor&xaro*.
W. CLYBURN,
General Insurance Agent
And. Cotton Buyer.
Removed to hla old ataud atOlyburn'a Block
Will pay tbe hlgheat prloe for Ootton and bo.
oiore freely tban ever before. '
?r Mr oountry frlanda will pleaM *iva
no a oal/. anglT-oL
PRICES REDUCED.
ROBERT D. WHITE,
MARBLE I GRANITE WORKS.
PLANS FURNISHED.
Mooting Btroe'j, cor. Horlbock'a Alley
augl8-yl. CHARLESTON, 8. 0.
A. R. THOMLTNSON
Manufkcturor of
HAHJNT1SS, of Every Description,
SADDLES, BRIDLES, Eta
MoC. SADDLES,
NEW AND OLD, ?
Importer of English ~"i!)oddloo, Steel Blta,
Bpure. Stirrups, Etc.
Faoiory ana Ralosroom 137 Meeting St.,
Sept. 1-ly. CHARLESTON, S. a
jypTALS,
IRON, RAGS,
ROPE, OOTTON
HIDES, SKINS,
WOODWAX, FURS
ALP KINDS OP PAPER STOCK, Ac.
MOT Wo ftro paying tbe Hlgheat Caah Prioea.
MOSES GOLDSMITH ft SONS,
augl8-l* . P. O. Box 1ML
FOUNDRY, 50x214 #eet. MACHINE SHOP, 60x250 Feet. BOILER SHOP, 40x190 F?*t,
GEORGE R. LO M! BABD & (JO.
Foundry, Machine and Botler Worka,
?tj&.vaLarvLSrtca* - Gt-eor^la.
BUILDERS OF Engines aad Boilers, Saw Mill*, Grist Mills, and all kind* of MIU mitf
nery of thp latent impiored styles. Shafting, Hangers, Pulleys, Gearing and Journal Boiftft,
Wo htYO a large assortment or Pattern*, Sugar Honors and Oln Gearing.
DEALERS IN Engine ami Mill Supplies, Clroular Sawn, Filos, Oammeri, Swage*. Globa
Ohqok and Safoty Valves, Whistlos, Oauges, 8 aim Pipe and Fittings. Babbet metal hro? 10
?o 40 oents, Belting, Lnolng, Rubber, Hemp, Soipstone and Asbestos Paoklng, 0112 Md Ofl
Caps, Wroneho*, Emory Wheols, oto.
AGENTS FOR Eohpse Double Turbine Wheel, Kortlng's Unhrersal Injootors, ths |Mlt
made. BradtoidMill Co's. PorUblo Mills. Nordyko <k Marmon Oo.'s Plantation Oom MM
Feed MU1*. Atlas Englno Works and Erie City Iron Works, Portable and Stationery Boginse.
Kunklo's Pop Safety "aires. Oloud Oreok Mill Rooks.
?GT Iron and Brass Oastings, and all kinds of Repa'rs promptly done. We OMl orery day,
and ar? working about one hundred hands
C0N6AREE IRON WORKS,
COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA.
1 M I' i< vj V 15 I )
CIRCULAR SAW MILLS.
j Kjf
SIMPLE, CHEAP AND DUIUllLB,
Wo vum tha celebrated Frlotion F>uk1 on all onr 8 iw Mills. We use the
_ Mt material in their construction, etui 'pare neither labor nor eipense to
der them m near perfect m poeolble. We warrant *11 onr work to be well w4*
Mid of good materiel. We wonld like if yon won id oompare the (ollpwlog flgarea
with thoee of other manafaotarera and see If we do not tell yon a better anil large*
law MiU.at fame figures:
PBIOIB.
Ho. 1 1011. With 86 Inohea.Saw, 16 feet carriage 91711
"1 ?? " 88 *? 18 " awn
?? 9 ?? " 40 " 20 ?' 800.f
- % " ** 84 " 20 " 825 (
?? ? <? ?? 46 " 20 " 850."
?? ? ? ?? 48 41 24 " 876.0fS
??4 . ?? 60 M 24 " 400 0#1
??4 ?? ?? 53 " 24 " 428 05.
Fxtrn Carriage, 80.00 por foot. The aboTn mill* o"nu>h'te to main belt.
Deal-It JOHN AliF.X\NDKR. Proorieto
WILSON, OHILDS ft 00.,
PHILADELPHIA WAGON WORK"*.
nill.A 73 I.TTITA r*A.,
MAHUFAOTURKn Of ALL IIHDt OV
Plantation, Oity, Freight, Bn?ine??, BzprtM
SPRING WAGONS,
TBTJOKB, DRAT8,0AJtTH, Till BE R WHEEDH AND WHKRD*AlUlO
?? *,:? . . ' . v'4
' . vV'i'l' it.. ' ' .. > ? -til
m