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* . -m % THE CAMDEN WEEKLY JOURNAL VOLUME XV. CAMDEN, SOUTH-CAROLINA, TUESDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 21,1&54. NUMBER 47. V PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THOMAS J. WARREN. T?B?1S. Two Dollars if paid-in advance; Two Dollars and Fifty Oonts if payment be delayed three months, and j Three Dollars if not paid till the expiration of the year, j ADVERTISEMENTS will be inserted at the following rates: For one Square, (fourteen lines or less,) seventy-five cents for the first, and thirty-seven and a half cents for each subsequent insertion. Single in- : sertions, one dollar per square; serai-montbly. month- 1 ly and quarterly advertisements charged the same as for a single insertion. * ' * A- mnel V*A nrtforl 2QF-i'QQnurooeroi insertion!*uenueu iuuov uv u??vv? on the margin oi all advertisements, or they will be published until ordered discontinued and charged ac- 1 cordingly. .* -JHisrcllnncous. . j The American Merchant. Extract from a Lecture delivered before the Li- \ \ brary Association of Petersburg. Vu., by Ex i President John Tyler, May 4th, 1854. In our school boy days we have pored over the stories of Phoenician enterprise, and visited i in fancy the colonies they planted. But cenfu ries elapsed before lho-.e bold navigators had passed the pillars of Hercules, and the British channel set limits to the flight, of the Roman eagle until the latter days of that renowned Republic. But here is a people who, from a handful of adventurers, hnVe, in a little; more than two centuries, over run a continent and reduced it to culture and civilization Savage life and barbarism have been crushed out by their heavy foot falls. The labors of the heroic age, the accomplishment of which placed the names of heroes among the constellations of U??"??? ItnirA Knon tUoii liDl'Citl1!I Iilie UfttVClJO, lia*G WVVII iliwi v (Mini |/v> iwiiuvm. The dragon of superstition and idolatry with its swarming brood hns been destroyed, and altars, on which blaze the (ires ofsonstitntional liberty, have been erected in places, whce, "since the great flood," no voice of humanity had ever been heard. As a type of control in the affairs of the world, they hold in one hand the cotton-plant, the symbol of peace and com manding power, while with the other they grasp at, and are in the act of clutching the trideir of the seas, in evidence of the supremacy of their commercial marine. And yet great as have been the results of the past, ? hat are they when compared to that mighty future, which already impatient of restraint, is so near at hand as to bo classed with the present The moneylender, compounding his interest * ? J-i -i ... i.:. ..... ?.. quarterly never uuueu iu mo urnouic n-m &?# fast as will'this country to its population and resources w ithin the next quarter of a century. Who can undertake at this dnv to estimate the probable amount of our exports and imports at the end of that period of twenty five years.? Already trade, breaking through new channels, begins to empty into oui lap the treasures of India; and when the great tide which hears that commerce upon it shall have actually s?t in, as it assoredly wiH, you may measure the waters of the ocean, and count tin- stars in the firmament, but uiithmctic witl fail in the effort to calculate the extent, of w. alii which will flow.into our cities. Ancient Tyu\ but a uiete peninsula, enjoyed a tivulet of that tiade, and she grew into the nio.?l mighty J chies. Venice and Genoa in the course nt lime possessed it, and their Doges prochiimed them the brides of the sea. But say to, who fore'ell the future, ye venerable seers if any such there lie. now on this earth, what dowry shall equal that of America when the Atlanta >ha.l have fully wedded the Pacific. In -all this great w?uk <-f , royie-s the American merchant has norm imb \ his part, lie will cotltihUOvt" do so ill w hat toll -w. It was said by an English orator, in rep'oaiii. that "the ledger of the mei chant was his Bible,'* may we not say that tlieledgei of i!? An ericau met chant is often fil'**d wit .-a <ies wl.di till t.: t of noble entei prist's and gins rnant which, in some measure, assimilate ii to 'hat holy volume? Even no? there m.-.v he bio. ked up in Polar seas, vessels provided by a merchant of New York, and despatched on a mission of ineiey in search of a lonclost navigator *?t" an other people, while donations i.f uptincelt character, have by others been strewn hroadenst over the land in aid of eveiy cancel table ehar it jr. Nor have his charities ecu confined to the American continent. When foreign conn- j tries, blighted in their It .rvests, or their people j rendered house and homeless l?v pestilence or fire, have- cried ?>r_ bread, the Ameiiean merchant, like the-good Samaritan, uniting with other classes, has contributed with open hand to their succor and relief. Such is the merchant of America?such his enterprise, and such his charities. He has caused the name of his tvie firh.litv fi. Ilia eiioxoenif lltS. to WU.H.J, ?. ...? ..v., ...j ....... ? n-? , be honored, and has wun Tor himself the respect and confidence of the world. His present elevated position gives rise to reflections intimately associated with the destiny of the country, whose power and glory he has done r-o much to increase. Above all oth er men, he should most highly appreciate the value and importance of the Union of the States. When his ship floats on distant seas, too far a?ay for the physical force of his country on the instant to reach him, his eje. rests <?n the symbol.of its power and glory, which floats at his mast head, and he speeds on his way rejoicing in his security from danger. Whether melting amid the tropics, or freezing under the Pole, that symbol encourages, sustains ami protects. His ship keeps its way peaceful!\ and uninterruptedly, amid hostile armaments,) and the stars and stripes, typic.il of the Uiiioti, open to him every port, and secure him the ho*pitalities of the people of every kindred and every tongue. How idle to him, and more than absurd, are all distinctions between sections of his own ceuntvy His dealing with the world, and he should recognise hut one section of that world, and that is his country, and his whole country. If he could b? so lost, not only to his own interests, but to his duly, as to degenerate to a mere sectionalist, at home, he would justly f>rfeit?ll claim to either wisdom or patriotism. What would he he in comparison to what he is, if he should no longer repose under that proud banner which now floats over hin>, but sail under some other? repose he could not?which, wherever seen, would only tell of a ruinpd republic and a disrupted confederacy? What audience should he give to the ravings of a wild fanaticism, or what countenance to the wickedly ambitious aspirations of those who trample upon the graves of their fathers and seek to make their very names hy-wbrds of reproach, because of their advocacy of a constitution which they affect to despise? To preserve this confederacy, fortunately nothing more is necessary than the practice, by its members of perfect justice to each other, ami .1 prudent non-intervention of their domestic aflairs. This is what the merchant practises towards his own pai titers, and wluit wisdom double nitifies as between States and Governments. The future of the civilized world is in our hands, if we be but true to ourselves. With a knowledge ofllis fact before us, and with the lightso| history bla/ing all over and mound us, w e-shall deserve II the b ug catalogue of ills which will eertai ly. In-tall us. if we neglect to exert our>elves to snmi her the tire ol sectional fanaticism'.'which van only blaze tor our destruction, hy making one great funeral pyre of the Constitution and the Union. 1 repeat, jus ' tiee will render the confederacy eternal?injustice may destroy it in a day. If he is unmindful of the" past, let not the merchant he blind to the magnificent future which lies before him?a future full of wealth to the man of enterpiise?of power and glory to the confederacy ? a future which, making the United States the entrepot of that trade which ttirough all ages has hecn regarded as more valuable than mines of gold, or mountains of precious gems, shall see all the nations of the earth crowding our ports with their shipping, w ill make the American merchant'oracular in all he does on the sreat oxtliamre of the world. Kansas Territory. The following ariicle, descriptive of Kansas, we find in an eastern exchange, evidently from some other paper, hut without credit: Kansas, says the writer, extends between the parallel of 37 deg. and 40 deg. north lati tude, 92il. and 107th meridian west from Greenwich, comprising about forty millions of acres; one-fourth-of which is barren plain and mountain ; and all the large remainder an undulating succession of fields of living verdure hedged with woodland,?the most desirable country, climate ;ind all things considered, anywhere between the Allegheny and the. Pacific. ' A million <>f these acres were ceded by the j Delaware's, Kickapoos and Wens, in May, 18- i 53. to lie sold at auriion lor their benefit, after I deducting the ciistof surveying. The pioneer, therefore, who would make ceitain of liis preemplinn, must I'htain a coj?y of this treaty, if he would squat" intedigenily. It is not, however, of any real importance, as a fee of ten dollar'- wdi piopitiate the owniug tribe,and full three years must elapse hefoie the lands an come int< n.-.tiket? ap -low is the enr.??.y. ing into counties, towns and quarter section-, a process dependent upon the industry of otfi cial- and clemencie-of weather. No instance I- on record in which a similar work has been fleeted in iess than foui vara. When expo-ed lo -ale. the -ritlei i- emit.ed to the first hid; and, -hmihi another tre-pa-s oil his premises, an arrow plan-u over tiie cabin door i? a significant i.int that ' first light"' iiinst he respected. lor there the in.peii.il f uJe of "squatter sovereignty' is sijpn inc. Embracing liirt y miles we-t of the Missouri line.and an qiinK;i.-t:uice -oulli of the Kansas River, i-tin >hawine IJe-ervc, for. which a treaty is now in piogress, hy which it is con teiiiplaleil tn rhsitiiliuti? two handled acres to each Indian with power to sell. This district is of alternate [ riiirie tmd timher. rolling, well watered, and of -urpii>ing l.e.mtv and producti veil ess. Tl?e Wak.-iiii-rt t"reek, whose affluents rise along the di aling ridge .?f the Neosho, flowing northeastward, enters the Kansas near tlie western iimit of the Shawnee Reserve; and l'i:?lit miles be\ond, the first company of the Anti Slavery league have built in a rich, romantic comitn, emit rilling liine-t< >ne, a sufficiency <>f building st' iie, i lay for brick, sand, coal mines, an I other requisites for a sudden and hiilliniil pro-j ei ity. The Wakarnsa, like I oilier western si"earns, is at nlaees deem ly indented, i-lcaving its bank? canal like, and revealing a Pit black loam, five feet in depth. The (van-as, or Kaw, as it is there frequent l\ called, is the impi.rtabt river of that part of the Territory destined to easy settlement. It is six humltvd yards at the mouth, and ramies from four hundred to two hundred feet in width for several hundred miles above. During five ui'-nttis of the year it is navigable for steamboats for two hundred miles; and while the annual freshet la>ts, which usually comes as early as June, may be ascended a distance of six bundled miles. The Kxcel is repoited to have made six t'ips this season, one hundred and fifty miles, 10 Fort Riley. In these waters the buffalo.and cat fish attain a weight of from thirty to one hundred pounds; and the numerous ti Unit-tries abound in perch, bass, roach, buil heads &c. Here, and throughout the region of " tall gra-s," which spreads two hundred miles westward, i hero is wild game enough to amuse a generation of Niinrodsj deer, raccoons, opossums, squirrels, rabits, turkeys, geese, ducks, prairie fowls, partridges and pheasants are all about, and their name is Legion. Studding the banks'of the rivulets and in clumps on tiie prairie -ire peach trees, several varieties of plums, wild cherry, the delicious imu-niiM' iinisiiiiinnn hii7.li- lint. mid hii-lfnrv I" " t > I ---? - J, white and Idack walnut, butter-nut, gooseberro, haw, and of all nuts the unapproachable pecan ; with festoons of grapes of different kinds, and meadows of sirawberries, raspberries, and others of the "gellic race." The soil is also well adapted to the culture of the apple, pear and currant, and produces exuberant crops of wheat, hemp, corn, buckwheat, oats, rie, Irish and sweet- potatoes, tobacco, and all the vegetables of the Eastern and Middle States. In the forest are nearly nil the trees of value which line the eastern acclivity of the Alleghenies?such as oak, birch, beech, maple, sycamore, linden, ash. honey-locust, mulberry, und that sentinel of alj the Rocky Mountain rivers, the stately cotton wood, to say nothing of oertain groves of blackjack, ao diminutive, gnarled, knobby, and all of a twist, that they do?to admire. * Such is a prosaic summary of the data from which the farmer-like individual, may best judge ri of the large advantages and wealth of promise e unfolded by that part of Kansas lying nearest k to the old metes and bounds of civilization. As to the emigrants' bugbear of fever and d ague, there is some of that, for I remember to have seen a Shawnee woman shako, hut not to d pieces; moreover, ague in the west is like chol s1 era ju a city?you hear most of it at a distance. a: Few other diseases are in vogue, seeing the in- a stitutiops of French cookery and medicinal tr colleges are not to be introduced. - The climate, is pleasant and healthy. To ntmA HU H/m.aoo nniitac tifitli n roinilur nnt*fh vc auic v/iu rao v"?uc.j ?tuu ?? m ^u.?> > ? ... crner, serrii-ocea>iotmlly; but generally, the ^ winter is of brief duration, with but a few inches of snow; as indeed the saine parallel in the West, if always several degrees milder If ' than by our eastern seaboard. And the ardent oi noon time in summer is temnered by the soft south wind from the Cordilleras, and refresh S ing showers.accompanied with such unpatenf- hi ed thunder and lightning as-modern melodrama Sf will never imitate. Then of evenings in Au- fo gust, the lull round moon will float up its path pi of mellow splendor, until the oil-looker is drunk ju to the spirit's core with the red glory that floods half the heaven. Such nights ,are not to be m enjoyed anywhere else this side the Rocky to Mountain crest. O] I have now spoken of this eastern division, " its appearance and resources, as I learned to To know them after two months of constant ram- fe bling within its.beautiful borders. For three tr weeks, we made our bivouac by Indian Creek tr in the Shaw-pee country, and every balmy day I was off, from the earliest of breakfasts to the I.m in nf rlnelr frvl I/\tirinnr cinilAllC III VI MUOli j IVIIWWUI^ Oiuuvua v. j wading grass chin deep, and upwards; running M clear of skunks; loitering adown slopes to where a gem of coolness bubbled up atween I the greenest mounds; peeping into Indian re huts ; getting all the while the more astonished or at the positive ugliness of squaws, especially ' mature ones; now and then snickering at a iu rail-tailed buzzard in his peculiar flight; or en- te tering the lists in a game of arrows with some m symmetrical pagan boy, at the expense of our in next door blood headed woodpecker. And ct afterwards, as the train jogged on at an average of seven miles a day, ox power, for one h; month toward Council Grove, we had leisure to observe, and make many a side excursion ; and in the lapse of those four years the hundred hills of Kansas are fresh in the memory yet. ly It is pleasure to say here, that, in the pre- fo paration of this sketch, the opportunity has bi been afforded of comparing my memoranda c< with the notes and conversation of an intelli- u: gent Missmtrian, Mr. George Walter, now in si N. Y., at No 110 Broadway. Mr. W. has al spent uiueh -uf his liiV iu the vicinity of and at among the scenes described; and with his tf added confirmation and suggestions, I have c< been more full and definite than could other- .ft wise have been the case. g< Out ml and Western Kansas are rife enough re in material to form the subject of another pa- re per. fc hi Donkey.Shooting. si * A correspondent of the N. Y. Spirit of the L Times, Thomas Bang, records a most amusing ?J incident of cockney sporting. In company 11 with a chum, he set out at early dawn on a sC gunning expedition, but after a tedious day of "7 it, found 'hat they had bagged not even a torn 11 tit. Me begins by describing his charging the .. gun, as follows"My weapon was one of the [n shoot-in-triangle order, and being of liberal disposition, I poured in about a gill of powder ^ a handful or two of shot, and rammed down the whole with half a newspaper?picked my P( flint, that the tnbiespoonlull of powder in the ^ pan might ignite, and then felt ready for 'mur- u 1 - . /V ?r I i _ . I 1^ Ol aer mosi jovi% biiouin ? spri/iy cimaenjuu W fore my summary proceedings." * til "The day was nearly spent, and our cash en- ^ tirely so. We were exhausted, and so was our' ,R1 exchequer; our game bag was empty, qnd so were our bread-basket when my "good natur- p( ed friend proposed we should 'shoot off our Ul charge at something' or anything, following up ?| his brilliant idea to 'let siap*>at an antiquated [r donkey that was'going to grass' before us. I js embraced the idea and the gun with alacrity? n, laid the latter over the fence, aimed with my ni right optic, closed my left eye (and the right w one too when I pulled the trigger.) C( mKaK Jn iKo mnnnfimo ivitK arlmir.lKIp fnrfi thought, dodged behind the stone wall, he being wisely dubious where the charge would d strike, as in my trepidation the old gun wa- W vered very perceptibly, describing what was '1 anything but 'the line ofbeauty,' in his estitna- 01 tion? when bang, went the firelock. ic "All I knew, was that the powder from the Is pan took the skin from my face; that the mus- d ket was going out of sight, one was tearing o across lots, another lying flat on his back, and e Bob yelling out to know if I had "knocked over a the donkeyIt "Yes, Robert,' answered I, 'more in'sorrow o than in anger'?" lI have, but'tis the one at a tlje wrong end of the gun !' u "I don't sport now. * tl "Ever thine, Thomas Bang." p " A bashful Yokel was paying his addresses to ?' a gay lass in the country, who had long de- g spaired of bringing things to a crisis. Yokel 0 calied one day, when she alone was at home. After settling the merits of the weather, Miss s' suid, looking very sly into his face, ' I dreumed of you last night.' f< 1 Did ) ou ? Why, how!' 'Yes, ] dreamed you kissed me.' ' Why, now! what did you dredm your moth- o er said ?' " h ' Oh, I dreamed she wasn't at home !' o A light dawned on Yokel's intellect, and di o rectly something whs heard to crack?perhaps v Yokel's whip, and perhaps not, hut about a c niontn more, ana iney were twain oic. ? m e Kansas Territory is two hundred and seven miles wide, and averages six hundred miles in length?capable of division into three States I of the size of Ohio. I Contingent Accounts.?The Carolinian of Vednesday says: " We will no doubt render a service to our eaders by calling the attention of the members leot to the Legislature to the fact, that the iw requires the contingent accounts, against le State to be handed in during the first three a3rs of the session. VVe think our exchanges in the State would o a service to their members and their continents by calling iheir attention to the above, s it frequently occurs that contingent accounts re handed in after the report of the Comp oiler ueneral is made, and it then lsimpossi!e to get them in." From the N. 7. Timet of Monday. Haw Gentlemen Settle tlieir Quarrels lu England. Y?Tc. find in our English exchanges the foliwing correspondence between two members f the English House of Commons: Hampton Court, Saturday, Oct. 14,1854.? ir: In reference to your letter of the 12th, I ive carefully read over the report of my i leech at the anniversary meeting of the Hinch- i * i. i i r> ru nyriuuuurni nuu v^uuserviiuvu i/iuu, as ; iblishcd in the Essex Gazette, which I have I st received. s I have consulted a friend on whoae judgent I rely, and lie considers that the language i which you refer is unduly offensive, in which pinion on reflection I coincide. One word, coward1' slipped out unintentionally. I therere retract it; and beg to express to you my eling of regret that I should have been beayed, in the warmth of the moment into ansgressing the fair bounds of courtesy. I remain your obedient humble servant, WILLIAM BERRESFORD. The Right Hon. Sir Jakes Grahasc, Bart, . P. Admiraltv, Saturday, Oct. 14, 1854.?Sir': have received your note of this day, which lutes to an inquiry addressed by me to you 1 the 12th instant. I am satisfied with the retraction of the ost offensive word, which vou say was unin ntionally used by y<v.; and, when a gentlean exposes regret for having been betrayed to the transgression of the fair bounds of urtesy, I can neither ask nor desire more. Such is the opinion of the friend whom I ive consulted. I am, sir, your obedient servant, J. R. G. GRAHAM. Right Hon. YVilliaji Berbksfokd, M. P. It strikes us that this correspondence is high creditable to both parties. One of them und upon reflection that, m the heat of deite, he had transgressed the usual bounds of )urtesy towards apolitical opponent, and had jed expressions whifch he had a right to con; d?:r personally offensive; and he is neither raid nor ashamed promptly to retract them, id to apob>g*re for-having used theui. Is lere net-something in this proceeding which mimends it to admiration ? Does it not mark [r. Berr?sford as in this matter more truly the I ?ntleninn and man of honor, than if he had i 'fused explanation, persisted in his offensive i imarksand offered to give satisfaction in the t irmofiduel? And yet how many mem- ; ers of ?ur Congress would have acted, under t milar iircumstances, in tho same way ?? i here is undoubtedly a very wide difference of i pinion n regard to duelling in different sec- i ons of our country. At the North public t intiineit condemns it as absurd and criminal I -at \va* as well with true honor as with chris- i an principle- while at the South it is upheld c y public opinion. In this case, moreover, as t many others, the South insists on forcing its t cal hws and usages upon the North ; and a i orlkern man must either conform to them, at \ ie sscrifice of his own convictions and his i isitiin at homo, or be vilified for refusing.? 1 his it a dilemma in which no true gentleman ( ouldever wish to put another; and yet it is < le of frequent occurrence among members of c ongresj at Washington. t Wo do not believe there can be a doubt in j le muds of men of the nicest sense of honor, f mt tie course pursued by Sii James Graham a id Nr. Berresford is worthy of universal inrii- ] ition No gentleman will wantonly and pur- t asely insult another;?and where it is done 1 lintentionally, there certainly can he no loss t F digiity in a prompt and distinct retraction. ) rnaiy respects our progress out of barbarm ispainfully slow; but we trust the time is s it fa- distant when more just and rational f otiorfe uptin the subject of personal honor ill givem public sentiment in all parts of this i aunty. s c n Tm Great Valley of The West.?The iffereice of elevation of the valleys of the f lissoiri and Miss'ssippi has beon determined, c 'he kvel of the Missouri at Council Bluffs is ne thousand and twenty feet above the Mexan dulf; that of the Mississippi at Rock _ sland,^ in* the same latitude, only five hun- ] red arj twent* -eight feet. At Port Pierre c n the Missouri, in lat. 44 deg. 24 min., the ^ levatioi is one thousand and fifty feet, while c t the lower end of Lake Pepin, in the same c ititudej on the Mississippi,' the elevation is nly 6e*?n hundred feet above the Gulf. There r re in the Missouri two hundred islands be- a 'een Yellowstone and the mouth, one half of j letn pbduce forest trees, chiefly Cottonwood | lane tnes below the Platte, and above inter- ^ linglin^ gradually with trees and shrubs, pe- t uliar t? higher region, until the predominant x rowth is stunted cedar and pine. The num- t er of tpbutaries within the same space is over r no huidred. Very few of them are of any c ize or length. The Kansas and the Platte , ro thejanly ones west of the States of value , or navigation. * . Bakhng Hopsk.?It may be important to j nr realers to know that H. VV. Conner, at . is nevrbanking House, on Broad, at the foot f State]sreet, W'H furnish mercantile letters i f credt upon all important sections of the , rorld, affording thus to tourists a convenient ( ipportuilty of realizing funds in just snch urns as may be necessry, at any point of for- , ign trale.? Charleston Standard. . j * ; . I "Lov? your neighbor as yourself." William I lenry ays he does, and more than evee^ince t lizzie Juies lives next door. i - - . Religion Of The American Presidents. The religious belief of the fourteen person's who have filled' the Presidential chair in the United Statest as indicated by the attendance upon public worship and the evidence affording in their writings, may,it is stated, be sum mondtf up as follows: Washington, Madison, Monroe, Harrison, Tyler, ahd Taylor, were Episcopalians; Jefferson, John Adams, John Quiucy Adams, and. Fillmore were Untarians; Jacksoh and Polk . were Presbyterians; Mr. Van Duron was of the Dutch Reform Church and President , Pierce is a Trinitarian Congregatianalist. Revelation* of tlie Telescope. The following is from the scientific work, soon to appear, called the Universe no Desert, } the Earth no Monopoly: Such is the aspect of a clear nocturnal shy to the unaided visiou. Imposing as it is, and 1 suggestive of serious contemplation and reflections as it is, the spectacle may be expanded J indefinitely. Application of that magic instru- , ment, the telescope, displays a more magnifi- | cent scene, one bewiderin? in its wide extent and brighter rajs. Sparklets of nightmare now ? become dense and numerous clusters;,, cloudy <; specks are spacious fields of glory; thickly { sprinkled with sparkling orbs; or'are a contin-' , jed sheet of lambent flame wildly twisted into , spiral masses; single stars are separated into ^ double and multiple components, beautified by f *variety of color and a depth of tint.s Sgme a ire seen revolving in duplicatevand others in g triplicate, around each other, and still farther v uarried to such a degree of complexity as almost j, to baffle the searching analysis of matbemati- ? s il investigation. Nebulae assume new shapes, r ind become more lumindus. Instead of the c eight thousand stars observed by the naked eye r n all directions, we now reckon our galaxy j done to contain at least eighteen million, visi- t ble through opticle aid. Instead of one solita- c 7 Milky Way, we number some four thousand lebulae, unseen except by the telescope eye," r ind many of them estimated equal to our own fl n magnitude. There is also a variety in these f uminous tracts, some even seeming to be dif- e l*. v rif 1 ' L?4.1 \\T. lusea sans nmng a large orouai area, we ikewise observe variable stars, increasing and c diminishing their lustre, and differing in periods ^ jf circulation. Indsed^he depths pf the hea- j reus surpass the surface in every particular of wonder.' ' - <2 Even the modest members of our own sys- g ;em become augmented in importance. Sub- ^ imity shines through the telescope. Mercury c ind Venus are found to pass through all the j unar phases to our assisted vision, as we do to e ;he outer planets?the cresent, the half moon, j :lie gibbous whase, apd the full, occur to them- j n regular succession,. Mars presents his gib * ( ious disk. Jupiter discloses his little quater* lion of satellites revolving around aspherodial j Form encircled hy remarkable belts. Saturn1* , dull, leaden appearance is changed into a globe j if burnished silver, tarnished only by its equa- t orial belts, and surrounded by several shining ings, as well as an industrious company of re- ^ rolving moons. Uranus, Neptune, and over e ;hirty asteriods?one for each State in the v American Union?have been dragged from r riicii uusuuic juuiiig piauco, aim icuuguiocu ov | lative members of our solar circle, Comets s ire followed far beyond our former terminusof n risibility, as they fly off to their aphelion ex- s remes, and are caught up, on their return long pefore the natural eye discerns a lucid film 8 ipon the firmament. Our radiant satellite is t shanged from a sharp and slender crescent into a in object with notched edges, rugged inequali,y, and a margin glittering with beads of light; vhile a silvery plate of circular form, soiled vith dim spots, now appears a perfect globe ? ndented with vast caverns, and variegated hy !! ofty mountains and beetling precipices. The ? lazzling sun himself is found marked with spots J: >f various shapes, shades and sizes, sometimes ' limming his v^fy effulgence. Even the moions of the celestial bodies become distinctly '' perceptible, diagonal in their directions, thus . portraying their relative and proper progress, 11 ind revealing the real motion of our own globe. " ies. is reduced to a mere cmmera 01 miaginaion. Matter knows no such predicament.? e Phe motion of change is universally unexcep- e ionable. - . .. Sale Day.?The following negroes were n old at auction yesterday by Allen & Phillips, t or cash or-its equivalent, viz: p One boy, 14 years old, $700; one girl, 14 g ears old, 8660; one girl, 14 years old, 8690; 8 me boy, 15 years old, $740; one woman, 26, ,nd her child, a girl about 9 years old, $ 1,190. M The above negroes were all likely, and the j] >rices show a considerable decline from those |j >f last winter and spring.? Carolinian. a I Miraculous Escape of aRailroad Train*. -A few days ago when a train on the New fork and Erie Railroad was within half a mile if a bridge, it was hailed by two.or three men, ?ut the engineer, supposing them to be intoxi- ? ated, paid no attention to them, and dashed t in at full speed. When nearing the bridge, ^ lowever, he discovered that all did not appear ight, and immediately reversed the engine ind put on the brakes, and succeeded in stopling the train just as the fore wheels of the . ocomctive ran on the bridge. The bridge ^ jave way under the locomotive and fell about ^ hree feet, and caught upon.some timbers, j vbich sustained.the weight until the locbmo ive was lifted and backed off. One minute ^ nore, and the whole train must have been pre- ' lipitated a distance of some sixty feet, into a ? ocky ravine. About two hundred passengefs \ vore on the train. The bridge was being re jnired, and was supported by temporary props, vhich could not possibly have bo'rne bp under he train. It was truly a wonderfi^ escape. 8 Short Way of getting a Divorce.?The ^ \lbany (N. Y.) Argus says that the following 8 lotice appears in a German newspaper of that c :ity: . i "As my husband, Joseph Rentz, has left me .vithout any .provocation, and I have seen or t leanl nothing of him this last year past, I here c jy declare that unless he returns in three days s Vom this date I shall take it as a divorce, and a shall marry again immediately. r Johanna Rente. r rerriDie Kioiai w linainsDurg, n; ? At an eaily^ionr on Thursday evening rumors were afloat in New York that a lenrfur ? . # ?, Vv, i riot woulcj take place in Williamsburg, in con-, sequence of the death of Mr. rinrri?? n, w.b<^ was killed at the riot on Tuesday. Uf to'10- t o'clock quiet prevailed," and to alF appearance no trouble was likely to occur. The Tribune wp. i % . ' < .'?* About 11 o'clock a procession of men, ownhering.about five hundred, came marching,four, abreast through Fifth street, in u.quiet and or* deily.tnaftner. At the coruer eff Grand an4 Fifth Ktrp?t? thpv uoro mot h? Xf.n-/,* Wall who.exhortpd then) to disperse. Mr. George. H. Andrews, of the Courier and Enquirer, aly; addressed them, and quite a number left-the anks. Some twenty,special deputation.jiien. proceeded to the corner_ of,Secoi^ jip(I~Not11v Ajjftr Sixth streets, where the riot occurred, far. the purpose of arresting sbYne Jen or tw elve of " the. neu chargpd with being engaged in the e|(ec-...ion riot. If assistance was required they- wore ;o send up two rockets. ' i The procession then proceeded down street, in front of Alderman .AgriRky's house.-?:. Some twenty shots were firea in th'e air. They , hen moved down North Fifth to.Seconid street*, vhere an Irishman -whs standing in the. lj?t* . ,vith a ioaded muskqt.and bayqnet; lie said he ' vas on guard; , when a number of p%isto(a wer&^ icorl a nsi 1 l-?o mn n snn o ??? ? 4 f*?? ii v.uj cftiivi viiiiainjaij myvcij, jraving; \uv ^ui*. ? is booty. At the corner of Second and Nortfi lecond streets two more Irishmen were n?t(vith ipuskels; tbey-were budly beaten and. the nusWs taken from thein. The procession hen marched up and down various streets, butT' net with no opposition?tlie houses, ajl being losed and no persou in sight. '"A $ry#wae thenl, aised to ' Down with the church.?^ ;Mr..Gep< I. Andrews here addressed the crowd, advising hein to retire. lie was loudly cheered, and. uany heeded his advice. A firing was kept up throughout the line of; narch. In Second street, between North Sixth ind North Seventh streets, some perrons fired rom an alley way upon the procession Attthout Sect. A young man named I3ennet narrowly epaped being shot. A ball struck his Isftshouller, but, having nearly spent its force, lodged n the coat sleeve without causing a,wound. _ ' About 12 o'clock a party of about one huriIred men made an attack upoti St. PeterVand Jt. Paul's Catholic Churches, in Second ['hey first tore down an iron cross over the gafe? sntrance way, stoned'the front windows and ' >roke in a panel or the door. A cry was rala?, d for straw and matches to fire the edifice. ? " U this moment Mayor Wall, Sheriff Lott, and llr. lieorge Andrews appeared, and prevailed ipdri the crowd to disperse./ % * About this time the Jeffereoir Blues, Captain, fiehl, and Capt. JohnGaus' comparty/of troops, mder Col. Ahel Smith, arrived at the .City 111Kw? n Fourth street, and were drawn up to awai'tf ' he orders of the "Mayor.. * %r '1 ^ About 1 o'clock this morning another party lad gathered around the chqrch, with the qvoW- ' d intention of burning it down. The military : ? vere furnished with ball and cartridge and narched at once to the scene. The-rioters, lowever, had quietly- dispersed. Spies were' ..." . tationed throughout the city,'anj3 the more*;/ nents of every man in the streets was closely crutinized. At half past 2 o'clock thfe morning the; treets were nearly deserted; and no fears of he riot being resumed, the military retired, . ^ > nd so the riot ended without bloodshed. A United States officer, who visited Japan, in onnexion with the recent expedition, says, a respect to the religion ot that country, that. * ;reat liberty . for conscience exists, every Jimnnese having the right to profess whatever aith he pleases, providcd^only it be not Chris- " ianity. Religious sects are said to he as nunitrous as in the United States. There is a leadly hatred to Romanism; on account of the ntermeddling with political affairs, of the Ro^' iiish missionaries who visited the country in he 17th century. And the custonf'is in vogoe, ven at the present day,'in some p?lrts of the mpire, of annually trampling en the cross. ' ? .Some of the Alabama papers stat.} that an., nprccedented number of emig ant- are pissing hrough on their way to the Southwest. The laces vacated by the movers are, however. peedily filled up by new comers, who are contantly pouring in froin all quarters. As evience of the iiicrdtsing prosperity of the State, re learn that nearly one hundred and ton tiousand acres of land sold in the Wetumpka ind office during last month. The entries mounted to about thirteen hundred. The youth who has the proper desire f.?r iental*exercise; 1ms always time for improve- . lent. Every hour of the day. in proper nppliation and attention to business not merely jr the purpose of finishing his days work, but* 0 learn the principles upon which trade is con-> ' acted he should learn something, while at ight there is spare time for nil. however^ lose may he the application during the day, totudy and to learn. This force will afford, it? 1 true, trnt little leisure for visiting llie then-* rys or taverns, and may enro.leh upon s??me mire fit* cluan Imt t tin enirit iv ill lin .'ill (h'A >ri>ker, for the denial, and the health and the iocke? less impaired. The men who haveisen to distinction are those who waited for ipportuniies to learn, they seized them at all imes, and grew intelligence as they grew in- < lustrious. rVA. . - , John Rnndolphmeta personal enemy in-the, treet one day, who refused to gi?-e him half.' he sidewalk, saving that he never tamed out or a rascal. H'l do," said Randolph, stepping jid politely raising his hat?"pass on, sir?pass in!" Tlie namesake ancTson of Tain ("^Shanter* lie hero of Burn's p'-eni was on- the nw<-fn roently, for the fifty-fifth season. Thv patriarchal.. ( portsman, we believe, proved biiioelf as good l shot as of yore. Mr. Samson, who is a seeds-'^ nan in Kilmnrnnofc, is probably .the oldestnan on the Scottish moors in 1854. : * : v,;. M . V ? : , , JC , t , , , .? , ? . "T ' . . ..!? jV - c, .{