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u-': * l! , ; c V S? ~'"-'3^Bt MIW,M>MM|pB,,|,1,XM11|MmMnnmnim,IMMMnmr-T-?.'-..1.. - .? .. null mil ??i.j,... ^..I^yrararoujiinimii r u wmm ?' ? iiuumji -tilUJMaBaBjMMBBMMMMEMMMBMgaaaEBaaEKMilW 111 imaWKPWMBMWMBMBBBHMMlMMMWWMBj VOLUME XV. CAMDEN, SOUTH-CAROLINA, TUESDAY MORNING, AUGUST 1, 1854. NUMBER 31. I PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY * THOMAS J. WARREN. ~ TERMS. * Two Dollars if paid in advance; Two Dollars and Fifty Cents if payment be delayed three months, and Three Dollars if not paid till the expiration of the year. ADVERTISEMENTS will be inserted at the following rates: For one Square, (fourteen lines or less,) seventy-fivo cents lor the first, and thirty-seven and a half cents for each subsequent insertion. Single insertions, one dollar per square; semi-monthly, monthly and quarterly advertisements charged the same as lor a single insertion. The number of insertions desired must bo noted on the margin of all advertisements, or they will bo published until ordered discontinued and charged accordingly. . Bisreltatoits. From the South Carolinian. Action of the Temperance Convention, &c. Candidates for the Legislature. Messrs. Editors : Through the medium of your journal I address the public on the sub. i ? 1 t ? jeci aDove menuoneu. any person who win attentively peruse the proceedings of the Temperance Convention, held in Columbia in May last, cannot fail to perceive that the action of that body had reference to the referring the question to the people, whether they themselves would be willing to have a law passed which would prohibit the selling, or the making and selling, of intoxicating liquors. It was supposed that by petitions being circulated amongst the people, and signed by them, asking the Legislature to pass a law by which it would be referred to the people, whether such a law as would amount to the prohibition of the selling, or the making and selling, of intoxicating liquors, the question would be disentangled from all discussion in the elections of this year. Such are the views which prevailed amongst the delegates of the convention. It seems to the humble individual who pens this article, that it is strange such action could have been misapprehended. Where candidates for the Legislature have seen fit to express any opin ion on this subject, they declare themselves very idecidedly in favor of temperance, but opposed to intemperance, and also opposed to the enactment of a prohibitory law, usually called the Maine law. The Temperance Convention would desire that the people, through petitions, should ask the Legislature to refer this question to the people, and if the people are in favor of such a law, then that the Legislature should pass it. Now, 1 ask the people nf the State arc the candidates for the Lccris lature, now before tiie people for their suffrages, afraid to trust the people with an affair that interests them as deeply as the subject of temperance does? Why, then, do they say they are opposed to the enactment of a prohibitory law? Do they suppose that the people are not capable of judging and acting for themselves? Are they the peculiar guardians of the people's rights, and are they so careful of the preservation of those rights that they are fearful of submitting the question as proposed by the Temperance Convention to the judgment of the people themselves? Let the people judge of this for themselves. One assertion I will venture to make : If three-fourths of the people in all the districts and parishes in the State respectively were in favor of a law prohibiting the selling, or the making and sell* J * I - ? ? *1 ing, 01 intoxicating annas, very ie\v ui uie candidates (or the Legislature would be found in the ranks of opposition to such a law. Another objection is started in opposition to the legislation on the matter of temperance. It is, that the subject is a moral one, and should be left to the moral sense of the people. That is the very thing wc propose to do. We desire that this matter should be determined by * the people, and not that the privilege of determining it should be withheld from them. The objection that this subject should not be legis* lated upon, is not only obviated, but utterly annihilated, by a fact that stands out prominent in the legislation of this State, and of every State in the Union; for every one of them have laws regulating, and some of them prohibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors.? The statute book of this State is full of laws regulating the traffic in liquors. Surely, then, it cannot be an infringement of any man's liberty to do now what has always been done ?legislate on this matter. If the people determine to stop the sale of intoxicating drinks, ftnd require a law of that kind to be passed, the representatives of the State Legislature ! would not dare to disobey their will, and if they did once dare to do so, it would not be done a second time. il l1..1 1 1 oucn are some 01 tne views mat-nave ueen elicited by the action of the May Temperance Convention. Public attention has been excited and drawn to this important subject, and there can be little doubt that good will result from It. People will begin to see how vile and debasing are the effects that flow from the sale * of intoxicating drinks. They will see how much of social, individual and national happiness, is swallowed up in this burning, enslaving passion to liquor. They will see that it is the* most blighting curse of the land, destroying and withering, and blasting, in its terrific march, the brightest prospects that have ever been placed before human vision. This is not the extravagant effusion of a heated brain. It is the sober judgment of one who has seen something of human life, and is ! now at the post of duty, bearing with his fellow men " the heat and burden of the day," and sharing all the responsibilities of a man. I feel a deep interest in all that looks to the promotion of the good of my fellow beings. 1 do not expect that the work in which I am engaged will be accomplished without a strugcle. and while that contest is waging, " I give my hand and my heart" to it. NEWBERRY. An Asiatic chief, being asked his opinion of wine remarked that he tho't it was a juice ex> tracted from a woman's tongue and a lion's heart, for after be had drank enough of it, he could live forever and fight the devil. A Cincinnatti'paper states that several thousand barrels of Swine's blood is used in that city every year for the manufactory of stveet wine. That's an item for wine drinkers. Should have been a Man. "There goes something that should have been a man." : The poor wretch was just leaving a low grog sjiop. A tall form, with a massive chest, a noble brow, with a lock of frizzled grey hair, eyes, deep dark and lustrous once, uot still deep but sepulchral, and burning like smouldering fires on red altars; these made the sum bodily of that something that should have been a man. But at once to trace his career. A beautiful babe pressed fondly on the breast of a mother,?clinging to her neck, playing with her ringlets, all innocence; filling the house with the music of his laugh. A lovely boy, towards whom all eyes are turned; his face bright with enthusiasm, his U1U*Y uuivvu Willi iiucriiL'Ci, wuinuug iii3 waj school, and there winning prizes?perhaps silver medals. So in the play ground, the king amongst his fellows, vivacious, full of fun, and repartee, eager at play. Hear the ring of his ' glad shouts. A youth, already singling his gentle, blueeyed partner, from the baud of social girls; such ardent spirits seek for the frail clinging of graceful vines strangely enough. A youth, sipping at small parties the bright hued wine, i and poetising upon the frothy pearls that deck its surface. , . ( A young man ! How the words leap to pa- < per. IIow much of strength, what beaming eyes, what high resolves, and proud starting * for fame! What yearnings to be rich. What , hopes of happiness. What mines of gold.? What height of greatness. What excess of joy, these three little words conjure before the mind. A young man. Does be mean to be , drunken? To be poor? To.be dishonored? To have the children laugh and point the finger < at him? To strike down the defenceless wo man { To deform innocent children { lo turn home into worse than a howling desert ? Oh, assuredly not. : Nor does he think so while he leans back in the gorgeous saloon, arid amid the flashing , lights and the bewilderment of beaut}*, aided by every artifice, takes to his heart, to his soul ?hugging it as the miser hugs his treasure? the fiend that desolates. Well, time has passed swiftly, the brand is burned out; it is charred and blackened; the | star fallen from the heaven of home. lie bickers, lie quarrels, he laughs with silly leering, and kicks at the harmless chairs and ta- , bles. If his wife smiles he curses her. Alas, poor drunkard. Whenever you behold ; him, you see ' something that should have been ; a man.'?Religious Herald. ( ' 1 Br axd By.?There is music enough in these three words for the burden of. a song.? 1 There is hope wrapped up in them, and articu- I Int.. V....if nl'n 1... I.nn.t \V? I IdlC v/i a iiuiiiaii iivai v. (uiu 1/ > i? c 1 lic.'ird it as long ago as we call remember, 1 when we made brief but perilous journeys from | ciiair to table, from table to chair again. We s heard it the other day, when two parted that ' had been "loving in their lives," one to California, the other to her lonely home. Every- | bod}* says it some time or other. The boy I whispers it to himself, when he dreams of ex- i changing the stubbed little shoes for boots like 1 a mail. The man murmurs it, when in life's middle watcli he sees his plans half finished, < and his hopes, yet in the bud, waving in cold, I late spring. The old man says it when he 1 thinks of putting off the mortal for the immortal, to-day for to-morrow. The weary watcher 1 for the morning whiles away the dark hours i with "by and by?by and by." Sometimes it : sounds like a song; sometimes there is a sigh i m sob in it. What wouldn't the world give I to find it in the almauncd^Bt down somewhere, ] no matter if in the dead of December, to know it would sprely come. Hut, fairy-like as it is, flitting like a starbeam over the dewy shadows ] of the yours, nobody can spare it, and when we < look hack upon the many times those words 1 have beguiled us, the memory of that silver by ' and by, is like the sunrise of Ossian, "pleasant ; but mournful to the soul." | Things that are Coming.?Manhood will 1 come, old age will come, and the dying bed ! will come, and the very last look you shall 1 cast upon your acquaintances will come, and ! the time when you are stretched a lifeless corpse 1 before the eyes of weeping relatives will come, and that hour when the company will assem ' ble to carry you to the church-yard will come, ' and that moment when you are put in the ' grave will come, and the throwing in of the J loose earth into the narrow house where yon are laid, and the spreading of the green sod 1 over it?all will come on every living creature who hears me, and in a few years the minister ] who now speaks, and the people, who listen, will be carried to'tbeir long homes, and mako ' room for another generation. Now all this you ' know, must and will happen; your common ^ sense and common experience serve to convince ' you of it. Perhaps it may have been little ' thought ot in the days of careless and thought- ( locc nnrl thankless unconcern which vou have ^ spent hitherto; but I call on you to think of it now ' lay it seriously to heart and no longer trifle | and delay, when the high matters of death and ; judgment, and eternity, and thus set so evidently before you. t \ Beauty.?Let me see a temale possessing ' the beauty of a meek and modest deportment \ ?of an eye that bespeaks intelligence and purity within?of the lips that speak 110 guile? J let me see in her a kind and benevolent disposition?a heart that can sympathise with dis- { tress?and I will never ask for the beauty (hat dwells in "ruby lips," or "flowing tresses," or 1 "snowy^ hands," or the forty other et ceteras upon wnicn our poets nave narpeo ior so many , ages. These fade, when touched by the hand J of Time, but those ever enduring qualities of the heart shall outlive the reign of Time, and , grow brighter and fresher, as the ages of Eter- ! nity roll away. A clock is said to have the least self-esteem of any article of manufacture, as it is constant* !i _ . ir .1 ly mil rung useu uown. Beauty is a transitory flower; even while i t lasts it palls on the roving sense when held too near or dwelling there long.?Jeffrey. ftferrllattmts fjm From the Keoicee Courier. Tlie Blue Ridge Rail Road. We place before our readers the report of the President of the Blue Ridge Rail Road Company, read at the meef'ng of-stockholders held at Clayton, Georgia, on the 27th June.? The business of the meeting was confined to the election of Directors, and the location of the road at Clayton; and wo learn that the Board of Directors passed a resolution, leaving to the citizens of Clayton the selection of one of three lines that liavo been run adjacent to that place. The nearest line to Clayton, which is the longest by four thousand six hundred feet, passes through lands adjacent to the corporate limits, and being, we understand, entirely satisfactory to the citizens of tho town, will probably be the one adopted. The President moved on to Franklin immediately after the adjournment of tho Board of Directors. The following is Mr. Gourdin's Report: To the Stockholders of the Blue Ridc/e Rail Road Company : The Directors of the Blue Ridge Rail Road Company have respectfully to report, that since the meeting held in this place, their labors have chiefly beeiylevoted to the organization of the Pnmn.miac ftinf. iroro niCfMl f i:l I in eon 3tVUI(U WiUI/aillVa VilUW li VI w vwwvi.?M.y ... junction with this, to complete the great chain of Rail Roads to connect, through this portion of the country, the waters of the great West with those of the Atlantic. At the session of the Legislature of South Carolina immediately following the organization of this Company, a memorial was presented, asking a charter and the aid of the State for a Rail Road from Anderson C. II. to connect with the Blue Ridge Rail Road at its southern terminus, and the Directors are gratified in stating that the charter was promptly granted and aid furnished by an agreement on the part of the State to endorse the bonds of the Company to the extent of 81,250,000 on certain conditions. The City Corporation of the City of CharlesIon was also memorialized, and on reference of the subject to the people, a subscription on the part of the Corporation was made of $500,000 to the Blue Ridge Rail Road Company in South Carolina, and $540,009 to the Blue Ridge Rail Road Company, or in other words it was agreed on the part of the Corporation to assume the stock which had been subscribed Urn* .% nflfo fr* ennu rn fllA UJT (I JC W %J I lio VtllC^IIO IV OVVUI v ??v Soon after this period, say in the month of July last, a contract was made with Messrs. Bangs & Co., of the State of New York, for the construction and equipment of the entire line of Rail Road from Anderson C. II. to the State line of Tennessee ; the Hon. W. H. Thomas [under authority to him as President) acting for the Tennessee River Rail Road Company, agreeing to unite his Company with the Company in South Carolina and to place the construction of the road under the contract niude , with Messrs. Banks & Co. The contractors have agreed to receive in J payment for the construction and equipment of llie several roads one half in cash and the other n the bonds and stock of the several companies united in equal amounts of one-fourth each.? It was further agreed that the work should be commenced on the 1st day ot November last., but this time was, by agreement, extended to the 1st day of January, 18D4. Tim T.rKYi'cluf nro of Smith Carolina was affain AIIV w. "wv.... - j Memorialized l'or farther aid at its last session in November, with a view of obtaining a subscription on the part of the State in addition to ts endorsement of the Company's bonds as aefore granted. The bill introduced for this purpose passed the Senate, but failed in the House. The hopes and expectations of the Board of Directors, however, were, and are by no means dampened by this disappointment, as there wore causes which contributed to this result which they are assured will not exist again ; md it must not be inferred that the vote in the popular branch of the Legislature is conclusive that the people of South Carolina aro opposed to legislative aid to this great enterprise, iti iome more substantial form than the endorsement qf the Company's bonds. There were several projects opposed to us the last session, which it is believed will not oppose us again. Many thought that \vc should enter more thoraughly on our work, and make more progress before asking for further legislative aid, and tthcrs that our surveys and estimates were too general, and not sufliciently minute and in dc il to iudire satisfactorily of the cost of the road. As the entire line in South Carolina is now jnder contract, except the Tunnel at the Stump House Mountain, and as this as well as the enfire route through Georgia, will also be under contract in a few days, this objection will soon be removed; and, in relation to the last, the enare line being finally located between Anderson and Franklin (except a small portion adjacent to Clayton kept in abeyance with a viewto consult the interests and wishes of its inhabitants,) and as the remainder *of the route through North Carolina and Tennessee to Knoxville, (the Knoxvillc and Charleston Itail Road having also been brought into union with the other companies, and under the contract with Messrs. Bangs & Co.,) will be final-: ly located also in the next few weeks; and moreover, as the surveys and estimates through South Carolina and Georgia, (where the most jKa ??Ai?lr ni'n llflVA Jlllll-uit |JU.uW..? , bad the confirmation of B. H. Latrobe, Esq., the distinguished Engineer of the Baltimore and hio Rail Road, this objection will also he speedily removed. The Directors, therefore, feed warranted in the opinion that the leading objections to a Stale subscription being removed, the Legislature of South Carolina will no longer withhold its liberal and decided aid to an enterprise so important to every interest in the State, and to her future welfare and position in the Union. In tho final location, the length of the Road through South Carolina has been reduced to 50 1-2 miles, through Georgia to 17 1-2 miles, through North Carolina to 71 miles, and.the estimates are brought within those founded on the earlier surveys. The first 34 miles from Kno.vvillc have been found on actual surveys to be much more fa vorablc than was expected, but the more airficult portions of this road have not yet beeVi reached. As thc# Blue Ridge Rail Road is only one of a chain of Rail Roads that is destined to unite the rallies of the Ohio and Mississippi with the Atlantic seaboard, it will not be out of place here to state that charters have been obtained in Kentucky and Tennessee to complete the connection between Knoxvillo and Lexington or Paris, from which latter points rail roads are already in the course of construction to C'incin wati and Louisville. Thai portion of tho line in Tennessee having received the most liberal legislative aid, will, it is understood, be very soon put under contract, and the best assurances are given that funds will not be wanting to cunstruct the line (some 80 miles) through Kentucky. The organization of the companies, and the certain completion of the roads, renders the several lines known as tho Blue Ridge Road a mailer of necessity, which nothing but the most shortsighted ignorance can now defeat. Bringing, as they will, not only the interior of South Carolina and her scabord, but a large portion of Georgia and Savannah nearer to Cincinnati and Louisville, than these great centres of commerce are to any other city on the Atlantic, and passing through a mineral region of untold rvu.-ih.H jinrl extent, the business of this road cannot fail to bo otherwise than large beyond any calculation of limit, as the othcrgreat trunk lines that have scaled the mountains here already proved. With these prospects, therefore, to the Road itself, and looking to the vast and incalculable benefit which it must confer on'all the States through which it will pass, not only in our day, but much more so in the future, it is an enterprise not only of choice, but of necessit}', demanded by the wants, the genius, the enterprise and the spirit of our people, and due as well to posterity as to our own honor. Let every man, therefore, contribute to its support by his unceasing efforts?by aid to the extent of his means, and by his sympathy.? And those to whom you have entrusted the management of this great and magnificent enterprise will, before many years, be enabled to congratulate you on its triumphant achievement, as they do now on its auspicious commencement. HENRY CIOURDIN, President Blue Ridge Rail Road Co. For tlie Board of Directors. Chime.?Such is the fearful increase of crime and insubordination in this country, that at each issue of our journal we could easily fill a half page with the horrible and disgusting details of the week's work of iniquity, did we think it judicious to do so. In the city of New Orleans alone, a murder transpires every 12 hours; while in New York and Philadelphia a standing army of police avail but little to prevent the daily and hourly perpetration of crimes, ?' which religion ami humanity stand aghast. >Y;.cia Is this state of things to end ? Is it indeed (rue that we are rushing recklessly into anarchy and misrule?a monument to the world of a stupendous failure in the great experiment of self-government. God forbid! Butassure as truth lives, if the fathers and mothers of the country?who still have some claim to common sense?do not restrain their children and teach them bv times a wholesome obedience, at the point ever, if necessary, of the forgotten and abused rod, ruin, the most ghastly physical and moral ruin is the destiny of the people.? It is superfluous to ask whence this ovil procoeds, when it is so plainly traceablo to the miserable fireside and school discipline now so much the vogue. A leading paper of the West has recently actually condemned the use of the rod under any circumstances in the school. That editor never taught a school, or he could not thus recklessly flv in the fiico of Solomon, and the practice of an ancestry who were great because they were nurtured under the rod. Abbeville Banner. Newspaper in Nebraska. A prospectus has heen issued for a newspaper, to he published at lielleview, in the territory of Nebraska, to be called the Nebraska Palladium. The New York Tribune is not satisfied with its principles as foreshadowed in its prospectus. " This paper will be strenuously devoted to the support of the great interests involved in the early settlement of this rich, beautiful, and desirable country. It will he an earnest advocate of the immediate establishment of those industrial, social, political, and religious institutions which give value and permanence to society. ****** " The Palladium will be zealously devoted to the social, political, ana morai interests 01 the vast multitudes who will soon transfer their interests to This country, and begin the foundation of future prosperity, freedom and happiness. The higher interests of education and Christianity will find a vigilant and an impartial advocate in the Palladium. " Our political faith and character will correspond with that of the great democratic party of the United Stales, and be a true exponent of republican principles. We shall be independent and honorable in our course with friends and foes, and follow no party when they depart from the standard of righteousness and truth. WTe shall avoid a state of neutrality upon all subjects?especially upon questions that relate to the great moral interests of mankind." Greeley thinks it is rather singular that in a prospectus so exceedingly democratic, plainspoken, moral and religious, Messrs. Heed, Latham & Co. should so carefully have avoid cd the only question distinctively bearing on the future condition of the territories, and just now peculiarly interesting to the public at large. Of course if they had been opposed to slavery, they would have said so beyond the possibility of being misunderstood, and the inference is that "their journal will be a pallaJ* 1 i* - _1 ni-w) tViof- rtf'i?t (lmm oruy iur siaveiiwiut..-, ....w v....u ............... in popular sovereignty finds its truest illustration in the crack of an overseer's whip." MunnnLL's Captuukr.?The celebrated Virgil A. Stewart, the Capturcr and historian oi the land pirate John A. Murrell, died recently at his residence in Wharton county, Texas. uuincr a uitMu uuii AVe copy, tliis morning, from the National Intelligencer, an extended synopsis of the bill introduced by Mr. Hunter as a substitute for the Homestead bill, and which was adopted and passed by the Senate by a vote of more than two to one. This bill, also, like the other, assures possession of limited portions of the public lands to heads of families settling on them, and gives a complete title after five years occupancy, on the payment of a sum graduated according to the time the lands have been in market. This sum varies from one dollar to twelve-and-a-half cents per acre. The second feature of the bill is, that it makes a general provision for grants of alter nato sections of land on the lines of railroads chartered by the States. The third and most remarkable provision is that "whereby the States are allowed to take possession and acquire title to the lands within their limits on the same terms as individual settlers. If the reader will consider what an infinity of vexatious and absorbing questions will be finally settled by this bill, if it shall receive the approval of the House, he will admit that it is one of the most important measures ever brought before Congress. It reaches and reme dies nearly all the evils that have so long beset the question of the disposal of the public lands. The details of the bill may be criticised, bat as a whole it is statesmanlike, comprehensive, and in its effects, promises to confer great benefits on the country. All the provisions of the hill are general and look to the permanent disposal of the questions reached by it. Besides, as we understand it, it enaoies the otates to taae possession or and acquire title to the whole public domain within their limits, and thus provides for the withdrawal of Government administration and patronage so far as these lands are concerned. In this respect it contemplates the same object as the land bill brought forward by Mr. Calhoun many years ago. All the impressivq, arguments by which our Great Statesman sustained his measure then, have gained strength year by year, and all his predictions of evil from leaving the question open, as trading capital for demagogues and spoil for projectors, ? have been more than fulfilled. The bill for which it was substituted, settled nothing. It was simply one more specimen of popularity seeking at the expense of the treasury. It was an example of unthrift?nothing more. All the thousand and one applications for gifts of lands to corporations, charities, I schools and what not, would still pour upon Congress as before, and still swallow up the time due to legislation for the general good. It is to be hoped that so fruitful a source ol corruption and legislative obstruction, may at length be quieted. We have every reason to believe that Mr. Hunter's bill meets the cordial support of the Administration, and it goes to lie House liv si) stionrr a vote of the Senate. that it has at lea?t a prospect of gaining the assent of that body.?Mercury. TIic Homestead and Graduation Bill. After several weeks' discussion the Senate yesterday relieved itseltj for the present, of these great questions concerning the Public Lands, by passing a bill containing three im! portant principles, as will be seen by the subjoined synopsis of the bill, which has yet to receive the sanction of the House of ltepresenta tives. Under the pre-emption clause, it will be observed, the States in which the lands lie can enter them all, or any particular class of them, at the graduated prices. SYNOPSIS OF TIIF. DILL. The first section provides that the minimum price of the public lands of the United States shall be'reduced after the 1st of July, 1855, and sold according to the following scale: For lands which shall have been offered at public sale and remain unsold five years, one dollar per acre; for lands which shall have been offered at public sale and remain unsold ten years, seventy-five cents an acre ; for lands which shall have been offered at public sale and remain unsold fifteen years, fifty cents an acre; for lands which have beep offered at public sale and remain unsold twenty years, twenty-five cents an acre; and for lands which shall have been offered at public sale and remain unsold thirty years, twelve and a half cents an acre; provided that the graduating process, from fifty cents to twenty-five cents an acre, shall not take place until the lands in the fifty cent class shall have been exposed to sale for a period of at least two years, at the price of fifty cents per acre, after which the price of the said lauds shall bojrecjuceil to twenty-five cents per acre. The second section provides that whenever a Slate shall desire to acquire a pre eniption right to all tho lands, or to all the lands of any certain class and price, within its holders, for other purposes than a railroad or canal, and signifies the same to the President of the United States by an act of its Legislature, they shall be granted on the following terms: That said State inay fix the price of said lands above that proscribed in the first section of this act reserving the excess to itself; provided that the title shall not pass to tho purchaser until he has paid the price fixed in the said first section to the United States, and that the lands shall be subject to the same legal subdivision in tho sale and survey as are now provided by law and provided further, that any State which shall accept the provisions of this act, and shall preempt any lands under it, shall take them in "full ol the Qve per cent iunus inereatier 10 oecomo due from the proceeds of said lands. But any State accepting the provisions of this and the preceding section shall take the lmds at the price fixed for each particular class, and no lands shall be sold by them for twenty-five cents an acre until they shall have been prcviniiilu cnliio/.l tr* nntfu llirmirrli n nrti'in/1 nf t.lVfl V,"V -"J- .. years at the price of fifty cents per acre, to be paid to the United Slates. The third section provides that whenever a State shall charter a tail road or canal to run through the lands of the United States, and such State shall accept the benefit of the provisions hereinafter prescribed by an act to be passed at a general session of its Legislature, upon due notice being given of the fact to the Secretary of the Interior, it shall be his duty to set apart, of the public lands, seven thousand oia iiuiiuiuu iiuu uij^niy acres jjt:r nine ui rau-^Wj road or canal, within twelve miles on oacbaidefl and as near the route of such railroad or'caoalHsi as possible, and the same shall be withdrawing! from sale or entry by public advertisement oflp the Secretary of the Interior, except in j manner and form hereinafter prescribed. Tlt^K _r xi 1~_J_ i.1?,11 I? price ui uiese uiuus suuu ltc uij? uuiiur per^b* acre for those which have not yet been offered?? i at public sale, or for* those which have' beewMI subject to private entry less' than five^ears^B seventy-five cents for tlfltee which havo been^K so subject to entry more than five years an^Hr less than ten years; filty cents for those jwh&hSR have been so subject to entry more than tenMf years and less than twenty years; and twenty^HI five cents per acre for those w'hich have becwMg so subject to entry more than twenty years. "T? The fourth section provides that whenever <tJfl State through which such railroad or canal-Mg passes, and in which tho said lauds lie, shalt?] desire to do so, it" may select, as pre-emptor,.? all the lands so reserved at the minimum pricee] designated in the third section of this act; but3V the State must take up and pay in cash for"*? said land within ten years from the time when*? set apart by the Secretary of the Interior,'oft? otherwise its right to such of them as remain unsold shall be forfeited. But before, the ex- ? piration of this period the State may seU thejjfcS lands thus reserved to individuals or corpora-*'j? tions, provided that no title shall vest in thevB purchaser until he pays to the receiver of ^ proper land office of the United States, for thV^B use of the United States, the price herein fixed?? as the pricevper acre for which'the lands shall'?? be sold. ,x 0' The fifth section provides that, in thejevenV' ' of a difference between the Postmaster Gene- / S ral and the railroad company as to the compen-"? sation for carrying the mails, the matter shall"? be settled by mutual agreement between the 'm Postmaster General and the Governor of the State in which such railroad lies. t The sixth section provides that the lands -fl nnroliaciwl Kt? finv Stflfp linHflP tllA nrflVlsiflflS ? K?" "J --J ? I of the third section of this act, shall be applied by said State for the construction of the rail- * road or canal for which*thcy were reserved; ) and that no lands shall be included within the,:, operation of thio act to which the Indian title has not been extinguished. The seventh section provides that this act . shall in no way apply to town or village property, either in-lots or out-lots nor be so con-*.-*.strued as to interfere with any pre eraption. claim, or to lands reserved for. schools, saline* or reserved sections on railroad grants or other purposes, under any existing laws of the United States, nor to any of the mineral lands of the United States. The eighth section provides that any free white person, who is the head of a family, or who has arrived at the age of twenty-one years, it* and is capable of holding lands under the laws of the State in which the lands lie,* or if they -j lin in o TorfiMrw tlion nnv nerson who is ca ..v. ... .. . ?..j , pable of acquiring a pre-emption under the laws j of the United States, shall, from and after the ^ passage of this act, be entitled to enter onequarter section of vacant and unappropriated > public lands, and no more, which may at the , time the application is made be subject to private entry, or a quantity equal thereto, to be < located in a body, in conformity with the legal hti subdivisions of the public lands: provided, that ij lands ceded by any Indian treaty stipulating \ for the payment to such Indians of the nett _ proceeds of the sales of the ceded lands shall j not bo subjected to the operations of this act, , except at the graduated prices fixed therefor. The ninth section provides that the person ,j applying for the benefit of the foregoing eighth section shall, upon application to the register of the land office in which he or she is about ^ i i_ ?.? ?i? -a:J-..:, u v CO mane sucn entry, runts c amuikviv uciuic uiv said register that he or she is the head of a family, or is twenty-one years of age, and that such application is made for his or her exclu- ~ sive use and benefit, and thoSe specially men- ' tioncd herein, and not either directly or indU :ri rectly for the use or benefit of any other person or persons whomsoever; and upon making the >vaffidavit as herein required, and filing it with the register, he or she shall thereupon be per-. V mitted to enter the quantity of land specified : j provided, that no certificate shall be given or patent issued therefor until the expiration of * five years from the date of such entry, and until the person or persons entitled to the land so entered shall have paid for the same twentyfive cent9 per acre, or, if the lands have been in market more than twelve years, twelve and a half cents per acre; and if, at the expiration ' j; of such time, the person making such entry j shall prove by two credible witnesses that he js or she have continued to reside upon and culti- i vate said land, and still reside upon the same, Jl thon, in such cases, he or she shall be entitled - to a patent, as in other cases provided for by law; and all such persons as are specified in * the eighth.section, and who are now settled upon lands subject to entry by this act, shall be entitled to its benefits, upon the expiration-^ of five years from the date of such settlement v The benefits of this and the preceding section < of this act shall be extended fo the settlers up* on the public lands in California, upon payment of one dollar per acrei. The tenth section provides that the register of the land office shall keep a register of all entries, and make return thereof to the General Land Office. The eleventh section provides that any person who may have filed his or her affidavit of .... ? ... o Aimrtop section of land | au uiimuiuu iv acme ? under the provisions of this act may at any time acquire title thereto by paying the full graduated price for the same. But no person or persons shall be allowed to file a declaration of intention to settle, for the purpose of claiming the benefit of the provisions of this act, in regard to five years actual settlement, after the Slate shall have purchased, or taken as preemptor, the cluss in which said lands lie. National Intelligencer. -* % After Minister Almonte had received a check for seven millions of dollars in payment of the first instalment duo to Mexico under the Cadsden treaty, there was still left in the United States Treasury the snug sum of $21,888,812. No other nation in the world has such an amount of surplus cash on hand.