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Inmbia would be 22??o. iu New York; 450 lbs. cotton would cost ^$101.25, and would make 400 lbs. yaru). 2.81 10 per oeut. for wear and tear ma oniuery.u L26 j Total cost of mauufucturlog in the North.14.31 Add cost of cotton.22.50 Cost of No. 20 yarns manufactured at the North...,.. ..v. 1 *. ii j .> 36.81 Showing difference, ia. favor of the. South o!, per pound. . 7.01 Both,using the same quality ot cotton. ? ? . . Deduct commissions* OArtnge, Sfcc-?2.01 \nd we have a net profit' to the South? ern manufacturer, provided he ?ells at the cost of Northern production 5.00 A . manufacturer of cotton yuros from Manchester. England,-after looking at our books; told me" that we manufactured cheapertbah thoy did, by aboiit the difier enoe.in value'of ourrenoy and gold. That is to arty, thai the f il Cost of labor, repairs, packing and general ekp?nses was with them, gold.........v.. . 5.24 Add'for" diSerenoo in value of gold and currency. 1.75 . ~ '">..iw i.' tio^f-.fcuJpo .iii it , i .. Aud we have i? *>urrebey<. K ? e....'.. 6.99 Estimating cotton in sui Ve rpo ol ut 24G.v'ftn? tbettast? lbs. bcrttbn, wortib $108? making 400?lbs\ 'yarn,) would bo. ?....i.... 3.00 .t?.|J>;(;-?.-: A . ? .it ' - _ ; ?lidaui y t '>?. ' 9.99 Wear add tear of machinery. 1.26 : lo i Itt cr? . ? . 11.2o Add c?st^f Cotton:. 24.00 And We have, hs cost of No. 20 yaru m ann fa ctn red in England......... 35.25 Cost of Southern yarns, as heretofore shown..'. 29 Freight and insurance.I,. ..... 1.50 Cost of Southern yarns delivered in England...... 80.50 Difference in favor of Southern yarn? 4.75 But no estimate is ruado of the brOkerrige, Sec., in Liverpool, or of tho freights and charges on the cotton from Liverpool to Manchester. Southern yarns oould be shipped to the continent of Europe nt about the same rates as to Liverpool, while English yarns w?uld have to pay freight from Manchester tb the continent. - These additional' oh argea'on the I cost of English yarns being considered,'! think it would be quite fair to infer from the foregoing that we could send our yarns to Europe, and, selling than ai die cost of producing English yarns, deriv? a tact . profit of at least five cents per pound. lu stiport of the figures I have given, and the conclusions I have drawn from them, I mention the fact that at no timo within the last three years would we have been unable to command from our Northern commission houses (bad wo chosen to ask for them) ad? vances beyond the total cost of our yarns. Can any Northern or English mnnuiactnrer say tbis ? Estimating the average crop of cotton at 2,500,000 bales, of 450 pounds each, and the price here at 20 Cents, and we have as tho amount received by the South, $225, 000,000. Manufacture this cotton into yarns, and sell ot cost of Northern or Eng? lish production, and we have, after deduct? ing all foreign charg?s, (net price per pou"d 34c.,) $340,000,000; and for waste, which would-be Worth for paper Stock, if manufac? tured ut the South, $2-per bale, $5,000, 000- $345.000,000; ehowiog a gain to the South of $120,000,000; and if we estimate for a receipt of say 3o. per pound over cost of foreign manufacture, {and our experience would more than justify it,) we have a further gain of $30,000,000. In all, $150, 000.000. The average production of yarns last year throughout the United States was, per spindle, 62.17 pounds; the average number of yarn manufactured, 27%; tho total number of spindles was about 6,048,249; of these the Northern States had 5,848,477; and the Southern States only 199,772. The average number of yarn manufactured at the North was 27%; production per spindle, 59.57. The average number of yarn manu? factured at the South was 127<?; production per spindle, 140.37. These figures are based upon the reports made to the National Association of Cotton Manufacturers aud Planters. It is probable that many of the smaller mills in the South were not reported. My calculation is based upon an average production per spindle (ring traveler) of 87 pounds, and average number 20. To spin 2,500,000 bales would require 11,494,253 spindles. The calculation will vary, nccording to kind of spinning done ami machines used. 11,494,253spindloscould give employment to 249,951hauds-princi? pally females, from ten years of age np, and .small boys. Thc average wages of operatives (big and little) in our mill is $142.82 each per annum, which wonld give as the gross amount ]>nid for wages per annum, $35, 798,901.82. And that, too, paid for labo that would nearly all of it not only be other? wise unemployed in adding to the wealth of the country, but bo a positive burthen upon the country. It must not bu supposed that, because these ligures show that it would require about twice tho number of spindles now run ia the North to spin up our entire cot? ton crop at home, that the amount of capi? tal required would bo double thut invested in cotton manufactures in tho North, and therefore beyoud our reach; for but a com punitively small amount of Northern capital is invested in spinning. Tba most of it is iu weaving, dyeing, printing, bleaching, ?fcc. Spinning is comparatively simple, and com? plications commence where weaving begins. It must bo evident to every business mao, that all our cot lon will, sooner or later, be manufactured bere, ab the place of its pro? duction. If done now, bj associations of planters and other Southern people, addi? tional wealth is secured to ourselves and to our children; if deferred, Northern capital .and energy will inevitably occupy the field. It seems to me entirely practicable that the planters'of cotton-growing districts, all over the South, should combine together, in joint stock associations, and erect, cotton mills of sufficient capacity to spin Up their crops. No doubt, if this suggestion were acted upon at once, and all oar cotton made into yaru, and thrown upon the" Northern market,* tho supply wo?fi?~~exce?d the de? mand; and loss, at first, would ensue. My proposition is-to ship direct to tho continent Of Euron?; nn well as to the North.' It would tako us'but little time to drive other yarns from'the market.' ' The process of approach? ing the spinning of our entire crop Would be gradual, and would keep pace with the gradual withdrawal of our competitors. To show the practicability of this plan, I submit an estimate for a cotton mill with 4,080spindles, ring traveling- frames: Number of square feetof flooring, 10,200; amount of No. 20 yarns manufactured for spindle, 87 pounds. Total amount of No. 20 yarns manufactured in mill, 354,900 pounds. Cost of first class machinery,' with all tho latest improvements, viz: One large oylioder cott?h ope??r, (English;) one 3 cylinder opener; with 1 beater, (English;) 1 double lap machine, (English;)110self-stripping, 80 inoli oards, with 2 JR. W. heads, troughs'abd belts; 2 drawing frames and cans; I English slnbb?r, 00 spindles; 2 English jack roving frames,' 120 spindles each ; 20 ring traveler spinning frames, 204 spindles eac'i ; 14reels, traverse grinder, slido rest, card clothiug, governor, turbine wheel, ootton scales, bandle aud balo presses, shafting, belting, bobbins, transportation, puttiug up machine? ry,- findings to commence with, &c, ec9.\ $43,000; building, including houses for ope? ratives, (estimated by an experienced con tractor,) 7,000; total, $50,000. Such a mill will give employment to 87 operatives, anti will consume 887 bales cotton, Weighing 450 pounds each. Estimated not profits or prodnctious, if sold at cost of Northern pro duction, $17,748. No estimate is made o tho cost of water power, as that would de pend upon location, size and nature o stream. Finally, with great ditiidence, but witl equal earnestness, I urge npon the conven tion, and upon tho Southern peoplo gene rally, careful consideration of tho facts am figures submitted; and close with the sag gestion, that houses of correction for j ave nilo delinquents, who abound in our midst and peuit.enMaries for females be established and that, their inmates, as well ns those ? orphan asylums, be employed in catto: manufacturing. I may state that, by th wiso forethought of the projectors of ou State Penitentiary, this was, though, to limited extent, provided for, and I believe am correct in saying that the convicts no7 manufacture nearly, if not quite all, thei clothing, bedding, ?c. On motion of Gov. Orr, the thanks of th Convention were given to Col. Palmer, fe his interesting address, and bo wasrequestc to furnish the Secretaries with a copy, to t entered on the journal. The Convention then adjourned, to met at 4 o'clock P. M. EVENING SESSION. The Convention re-assembled at 4 o'clocl On motion of T. S. Clemson, Esq., a additional Committee was appointed on Iv ucation. The following gentlemen oompo said Committee: Education-T. S. Clemson, C. P. Pelhar. Jas. L. Orr, B. F. Perry, James Chesnut. Gen. Gary, from the Committee on Bes lotions, reported the following, which wc adopted: 1. That they recommend that the meetii organize itself into an association, to 1 called "The Agricultural and Mechanic Society of South Carolina." 2. That the officers elected by this mei ing be the officers of that Society, un otherwise ordered. 3. That a Committee be appointed draft a Constitution and By-Laws to gove the Society. On which Committee was appointed: '. W. Aiken, J. S. Richardson, T. J. Conn J. T. DeLoach, E. A. Law, H. C. Davis, Chesnut, R. S. Hill, J. J. McLure. Hon. W. S. Henerey, from the Commit) on Mechanics, recommended: That, so far as it is possible, the Assoc tion shall havo its implements of agricultt manufactured within the State-either the existing means, or, if necessary, by 1 formution of companies for tho special mi ufaeture of implements required by the Aud that until such companies are formt they will foster aud encourage those esti lishments of their State engaged in t work. Mr. Henerey accompanied his report w an earnest and able speeoh; he urged tl the people of the State do not fully apprc ato theimportanco.of having their work dc at home. Tho habit of going abroad is strong, that tho planter seldom takes trouble to inquire whether what ho wa can bo dono in Charleston or any other p of the Htato. As a consequence, thomee , nics aro almost starving, and the moi j spout umongst our opponents abroad. ] i our peoplo try them, and they will get best machines, aud if not satisfactory, i always make tho homo manufacturer resp siblo. Ho hoped this movement wo awaken our peoplo to tho importance their mechanical implements being mn factured at home. The following com mun teat ion wns rend Roswell T. Logan, Esq. : Co??MHiA, S. C., April 28, 180? To die President and Members of tho Slate ricullural Society. GBNTI?BMEN: WO propose to publ about the 1st of August next, tho first n ber of a monthly magazine, devoted to agricultural, mechanical and industrial i rests of South Carolina. Your sanction support in this enterprise will not Jonlv \> .? V?. .VA. .*..-.? ' '.-'? * : us materially ia securing success, but will enable us to make tbe magazine a greater benefit to the public than wo could hopo to do without your assistance. We would like to make, the magazine, the official organ of the State Agricultural Society, ana we take the liberfy of asking your consent to do so, aud also your approbation and support. Yours, very respectfully, WALKER, EVANS & COGSWELL. Per ROSWELL T. LOGAN. ' A. A. Gilbert, Esq., offered the following resolutions, which were unanimously adopt? ed: _ Resolved, That it is the sense of this So? ciety that the publication of this journal by Mossrs. Walker, Evans & Cogswell is of vital importance to the successful develop? ment of the' material resources of this Hiato aud of the entire South, and we heartily pledge our influence aud support to them in this their enterprise. Resolved, Thut the President of this So? ciety be requested to appoint .-i Committee of Three, from each County, whoso duty it will be to interest the people of their re? spective Counties in said magazine. The Convention then adjourned, to meet j tho following morning nt 9 o'clock. - ! THURSDAY, April 29.-Tho Convention . met at 9 o'clock, and after the proceedings of the previous day were rend, T. S. Bold? est, Esq., Chairman of the Committee on Immigration and Labor, submitted the fol? lowing: Tho committee to whom was assigned tho duty of reporting upon the subject of im? migration and labor, beg leave to submit the following paper as the result of their deliberations: There can be uo concealment of the fact that wo Are living under a new and altered condition of afirtirs. and though there fie an honest-difference of opinion, among our oiti zeus os to whether the new system be to the advantage, or prejudicial to the interests of the country aud the development of tho re? sources of the State, iuterest and duty uliko demand that we faco existing facts in con? formity with their stern demands. No question is perhaps moro important to all the material interests of the State than that of labor, for, Without it, of what avail will be all tho improvements in mechanics, arts and agriculture? Under that ancient regime, when tho old Palmetto State enjoyed a flood tide of prosperity, there was an or? ganization aud an efficiency which crowned our agricultural efforts with commensurate success; but our altered circumstances de? mand an altered basis of operations. That labor is uow, in a large mensuro, disorgan? ized and unrtliable, and it may bo in part , attributed to tho mistukes of the agricul? turists theniBelvos, in making the laborer a partner in the results of his labors as well as his suddenly altered condition and tho miserable influence of wily politicians; what remains to us must be mado available io.the greatest possible extant, and what is then wanting to supply the demand must be brought to us from . the over-crowded do? mains of Europe, whose hands are always now extended to generous and hospitable America, asking among us a home and a country. Your committee deem it important to tho availability and organization of the present class of laborers upon whom wo are, in tho main, now dependent, that thero should be, ns far as possible, a uniformity of usage in tbs matter of compensation to the laborer, and an equitable and just fulfilment of all contracts. As your committee bavo adverted to the fact that tho present supply of labor is in? adequate to the demand, the query arises, bow this difficulty is to be met? and the answer is, by the introduction of immi? grants from abroad. Tho practical success of this remedy is fully established by re? ference to what has been already accom? plished by the Immigration Society of Newberry, which, with a capital of a few hundred .dollars, a board of unsalaried officers, (save their agent,) only a twelve? month's existence, and without a State appropriation to back her, has already in? troduced near 300 immigrants into her own and surrounding Counties, and is now arranging for a much more extensive intro? duction of laborers during the ensuing sea? son. The laborers she has introduced aro. with very few exceptions, giving universal satisfaction to their employers, and the greater the increase in the number of em? ployees introduced, tho more will they be contented and pleased; and when once you have gathered together on Carolina's soil tho first few thousand of these skilled and able-bodied laborers, you will have formed a nucleus which you will} bave no difficulty in gathering, to an indefinite extent, a thrifty, industrious and honest class of laborers. To accomplish this desirable end will re? quire a concentration of effort-a uniou of all tho friends of this measure around one common contre. The Newberry Society is organized and working successfully; it has facilities which perhaps no other organiza? tion can, for a long lime, if ever, secure; and it is highly desirable that some arrange? ment bo mado by which tho operations of that Society could be made available to all thoso portions of the State adapted to the introduction of foreign labor-a desidera? tum which the wisdom and influence of this Convention might, with no great difficulty, secure. James M. Baxter, of Newberry, and Dr. Tarnipseed, of Bichland, then gnvo some valuable information to tho Convention, as to tho practical workings of the Newberry Immigration Society. W. M. Lawton, from the Committee on Manufactures, reported the following: Tho Committee on Manufactures, to whom was referred tbe valuable and in? structive paper, which wos read yesterday by its author, Col. J. B. Palmer, before and by invitation of this Convention, setting I forth the importance of a more general sys j tem of manufacturing in the cotton States, ' as well as tho profits to bo derived from in vestments in OOltou mills especially, have boen fully impressed with its olear aud con? ciso illustrations, and recommend its publi? cation, and that it be recorded on the minutes of this association. Your. Committee cannot bot flatter them? selves from tho spirit manifested in thia as? sembly of tho practical intelligence of tbe State, that the views and facts set forth by Col. Palmer will attract the earnest atten? tion of tho peoplo of South Carolina, and lead them to regard the establishment of manufactories in every section of tho South as vitally associated with agriculture, aud to redound to their welfare aud future pros? perity. To grow our own cotton, the best in staple and quality produced, and to convert the same into yarns and fabrics for export, cer? tainly appears to bo the policy and the hope of the South, if lessons of wisdom be taken from the past. (Signed) WM. M. LAWTON, J. G. GIBBES, WAL GLAZE. Col. J. P. Thomas offered the following resolution, which was adopted: Resolved, That Colonel Palmer be re? quested to lay his valuable paper on manu? facturing before the convention to be held in Memphis, and to which he is a delegate. A. A. Gilbert, Esq., offered the following, which was adopted: Resolved, That a standing committee, to consist of five members, shall be nppointcd by the President, whose duty it shall bo to Open and keep up a correspondence with in fluent ial persons in Germany, Prance. Eng? land aud other countries of Europe, on the subject of immigration. Committee on Immigration and Labor. T. S. Boin est, J. P. Beed, T. B. Clarkson, W. G. Hin sou, J. H. Brooks. The following resolution was introduced and adopted : By Capt. John S. Richardson, of Sumter: That it bo referred to the Committee ou Immigration and Labor to devise aud reporl a plan whereby the various sections of thc Srato may avail themselves of tho advan? tages and benefits of tho Newberry Immi? gration Society. The Committee on Immigration and La? bor the J reported ns follows, which rrporl wi:s adopted : Your Committee have considered the sub ject of making available tu the State the re sources and advantages possessed by thc Newberry Immigiatiou Societj', aud present the following piad as scemiug to them th? most simple und feasible: 1. That the Newberry Immigration bi endorsed by the State Agricultural and Me chanical Society as the central organizatioi of the State, and that all portions of tin State, desirous of procuring foreign labor bo requested to operate through it. 2. That the various Counties of the Stab be recommended to form societies auxilian to the central association, to be governed b; their own officers, and controlled by thei own orgauic law; and to carry on their ope rations through the parent association, the; receiving credit for all moneys furnished and receiving a pro rata share of laborer secured, in tho order in which tho applies tiona are filed with tho agent. Respectful!' submitted. T. S. BOINEST. Tba following resolutions were adopted: By Col. J. P. Thomas: Whereas, it i deemed important to put this society int effective operation at an early period, au at once to placo before its members an objec practical and substantial; bo it, therefore, Resolved, That the Executive Committe be authorized aud directed to proceed t raise tho necessary funds, by subscriptio or otherwise, for the purpose of erecting, o the Pair Grounds in this city, tho building necessary for the annual fairs of the Sc ciety. Resolved, That the first annual fair of th Agricultural and Mechanical Society c South Carolina, be held in Columbia, on Ul second Wednesday of November next, an that the Executive Committee be requeste to make all necessary arrangements to th end. Capt. Richardson, from the Committe to draft a Constitution and By-Laws, the made the following report, which, on mi lion of Mr. Chesuut, was taken up, coi sidered by sections, and the followir adopted as the Constitution of the Agrien taral and Mechanical Society of Soul Carolina: SECTION 1. This society shall bo style tho South Curolina Agricultural and M chanical Soeietj', the object of which sin be to develop and promote the entire mat rial interests of the State. SEO. 2. Tho officers shall consist of ot President, four Vice-Presidents, ono Trc surer and one Secretary, to bo elected a nuullv, and to continue in office until thc successors shall be elected at tho next st ceeding meeting of tho society. SEC. 3. The annual meetiugs of this ^ ciety shall take place on the second Wedm day in November. SRO. 4. The President, or in his abseil ono of tho Vice-Presidents, shall exorci all tho duties usually attaching to such i fice. He shall have power to call spec meetings of tho Executive Committee, ai also regular meetings of tho society wh occasion demunds. SEO. 5. Tho Treasurer shall keep an < act accuuut of receipts and expenditures the soeietj', but make no disbursements c crept upon an order countersigned by t President. SEC. 6. The Secretary shall keep su books as tho society needs; a list of the li annual and houorury members of tho sou ty, and in obedience to the orders of I President shall perform all such duties are incumbent upon such otfioe. SEO 7. The members of tho society si be distinguished ns annual, life and hon nry. The auuuul tnombers shall pay yea into the treasury two dollars, a life merni ten dollars, and au honorary member sb have that distinction conferred upou h by a vote of the majority of members p sent at the regular meeting. SEC. 8. Fifty members of tbe society .shall constitute a quorum. Two-thirds of a quorum shall have power to expel any member, and until the second Wednesday in November next, all applications shall go before the Executive Committee, and the power of accepting or rejeoting any appli? cation for membership shall remain with that committee. SEC. 9. Tho officers of the society, to? gether with six members, to be elected an? nually by the society, shall constitute the Executive Committee, whose duty Bhall be to execute all laws, and to carry into effect all resolutions of tho society. AU resolu? tions, resignations and applications for membership must bo made in writing'. SEC. 10. Any alteration or amendment to this Constitution can be only effeoted by a two-thirds vote of the members present ata regular meeting of the society. Mr. A. A. Gilbert, of Sumter, introduced tho following resolution for tho purpose, he said, of drawing out expressions from the planting interest here upon a matter which very vitally concerns our agriculture: Resolved, That it is the sense of this Con? vention that the experience of the past three years, with tho present eloment of labor, bas demonstrated tho impracticability of any system of shares or partnership-that such systems are, iu fact, contrary ito tho fundamental principles which underlie' the successful co-operation of capital and labor -and that a judicious and li! ?ral system of wages is believed to be the o dy ono upon whichefioctivu labor may be L ?<? 1 and ulti mato success follow. . . . . Mr. Thomasdiopcd the resot.itkm -would not be adopted. Ho regarded ib as a matter which should be left to the discretion- of every gentleman himself. He moved to lay the resolution on the table. The motion to lay on the table was with? drawn, and after discussion, participated in by Messrs. Gaillard, Gilbert, Baxter and Holloway, tho motion to lay on the table was renewed by Mr. Baxtor, and dcoided in the affirmative. Mr. Chesnut offered thc following, which was adopted: Resolve//, That a committee of five be ap? pointed, to whom shall be referred the sub? ject of fencing, and that the said committee be charged with the preparation of a bill on that'subject, to be submitted to the Bociety at ib next meeting. Mr. Baxter introduced a resolution, which - was adopted, to appoint a committee of three to investigate the practicability of makiug sugar and refined syrup from the sorgho cane as represented by the process of the Sorghum Company, aud to examine tho works of Dr. W. P. Passmore, at Green? ville, S. C. An interesting debate, participated in by Messrs. Baxter, Lawson, Clemson and Pope, ensued, relativo to making sngar from sorgho cane and tho beet. Mr. Blake offered the following, which waa adopted : , Resolved, That the representatives of the industrial and educational interests of the State of South Carolina bo earnestly re? quested to communicate to tho proper per? manent committees of this society whatever practical information they may have touch? ing the development of the interests of the State. Mr. Wallace, of Bichland, offered the fol? lowing: Resolved, That a committee be appointed by tho President, to report at the next meeting of the society on the commercial manures and their application to the agri? en lt ure of the State; also to shotv the ad? vantages to be derived to agriculturists by tho conversion of cotlon seed into oil. Mr. Richardson offered the following sub? stitute, which was adopted: Resolved, That committees of three be ap? pointed by the President 'upon each of the following subjects, who shall prepare and submit a report to this society: On com? mercial fertilizers; on labor-saving and agri? cultural implements; upon the best and most scientific method of cultivating cotton; upon tim best method of cultivating corn; upon stock raising; on rice culture; on fish cul? ture; on bee culture; on now articles of cul? ture. Mr. Thomas offered tho following, whioh was adopted: Resolved, That the subject of scientific and practical agricultural education is among the most important to which the at? tention of this society should be directed, and that tho Committee on Education be directed to report such a scheme on this subject as may bo deemed proper and effec? tive. On motion of Mr. Richardson, a com mi tee of liv?; was appointed to nom i nate an Execu? tive Committee. Messrs. Richardson, Pope, Wanuamaker, Williamson, R. S. Poroher and J. H. Ki osier, were appointed said com? mittee. AKTEUNOON SESSION. Mr. Richardson offered the following, which was adopted: I Resolved, That all applications and fnnds foi membership iu this society should be addressed to Col. D. Wyatt Aikeu, Secretary of the South Carolina Agricultural "hud Me? chanical Society, Cokesbury, South Caro? lina, who shall report such applications to tbe Executive Committee, and turn over all such finnis to the Treasuver of tho socioty. Mr. Woodruff, of Spartanhurg, odored the following: Resolved, That tho various County agri? cultural societies of the Stato bo requested to appoint commissioners to canvass their respective Counties iu ibo interest of tho Stato Agricultural and Mechanical Society, and procuro members for tho same. The resolution was adopted. Ou motion of Mr. Lawtou, the President was requested to appoint, ut his leisure, four delegates to represent thc State at tho Convention in Memphis. On motion of Mr. Richardson, the roll of lifo and annual membership was opened by I the Secrotury, and the delegates requested to enroll their names. \ A lengthy discussion ensued, relative to