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COLUMBIA Saturday Morning, Feb. 22,1868. The Cut Stated. Th? New York Tribune and Times-? both Republican, but the former ultra Radical-are engaged in a furious quarrel. The Tribune is try? ing tc reid the Times out o? ?un party, while the latter deals sturdy blows .tt its antagonist. In the following, /which we extract from, a lengthy edi-. Aerial, there is much truth and sound philosophy; the Times substantially affirms, what all men know to be trae, that the President's plan for ?tho reconstruction of the South is that which had been determined by bis predecessor, the patron saiut of .the Republican party. Tho Times further shows the folly and madness of Congress in adhering to a plan that bas "broken down altogether," | .upon the very first occasion for put ling it into execution. The urticle Is emiueutly worthy of perusal: "Immediately at the close of tho ?war, President Lincoln commenced the work of reconstruction, in the .way and on the principles laid down .and steadily maintained by nil de? partments of the Government during tho war. Upon his death, President Johnson continued tlio work upon the same principles and in substantially the same way. Whatever may have been the merits or demerits of that plan, one thing is perfectly certain-if it had been carried through, it would have accomplished, long ago, what all men of all parties, and especially Republicans, professed to seek-the restoration of tho Union and tho establishment of peace and prosperi? ty in the Southern States. Congress . arrested the progress of that attempt at reconstruction-whether wisely or -unwisely wo are not now discussing. The fact is all wo deal with now. Congress arrested the work, repudi? ated the whole plan and the princi? ples on which it rested, and devised ono of its own to take its place. Through the whole of both sessions the Thirty-ninth Congress struggled to devine-, enact and put into opera? tion its own plan of restoring tho Southern States to the Union, and giving them again tho rights of self government and of sharing in tho government of the nation, which bo? long to all the States under tho Con? stitution. "Congress completed its work ?nearly a year ago; and forthwith en? tered upon the plan of putting its .pian in operation. The Republican Congressional Committee took tho matter in hand. Funds were raised -agents sent into every Southern State to organize tho movement; committees were appointed and cor? respondence established in every town and county; secret lodges of the,Loyal League took in hand tho organization and discipline of tho negro voters; the Freedman's Bu? reau, through all its agencies, was active and' effective in aiding tho movement; the registries were revised and closely scrutinized, so as to got every colored voter on, and to keep every disfranchised white man off; tho commanders of the military de? partments gave every possible sup? port to tho plan ; the State Conven? tions elected under tho law were devoted heart and soul to tho Con? gressional scheme; and Republican Senators and members of Congress, after traveling through the South, reported at headquarters that every? thing was going on in the most satis iactory manner, and that tho Con? gressional Reconstruction plan was sure ta provo a triumphant success. "Yet at tho very first popular election held ou that plan, and under Hie law in which it is embodied, the plan breaks down altogether. The Constitution, framed by the Conven? tion elected under the law, is rejected by the vote of the people to whom it wes submitted by tho law; and in precisely the form and manner which tho law prescribed. * * "Now in our judgment, tho fatal defect in the Congressional plan of reconstruction, is that it attempts to abolish self-government for 12,000,000 of people, without allowing the slight? est weight to tho opinions, interests, sentiments and prejudices of tho 8,000,000 of whites who are among ihom. Those 8,000,000 aro in num? ber two-thirds of tho whole, and oven the Tribune will not dispute {.hat in intelligence, culture, know? ledge of business and experience of public affairs, in all tho qualifications universally admitted to be essential to the practical conduct of govern? ment, they constitute what is equiva? lent to nine-tenths of the whole popu? lation. Yet Congress in ita plan of reconstruction not only sets them aside as of no account, not only re? fuses to accept as of the slightest weight their views. and opinions in regard to the government they are required ir. cb?j, but il nu arranges the details of reconstruction as to reduce thoir influence to the lowest possible point, and give absolute con? trol of the State to the most igno? rant, inexperienced and incapable portion of its population. ??This is the radical, fatal defoe t^in the Congressional plan of reconstruc? tion; and so long as it is persisted in, that plan will prove essentially an utter failure. It may not always be rejected by tho popular vote. Congress may, by adopting the Tri? bunes suggestion, force it upon the Southern Statos-may -make 'ten men' in South Carolina, 'the Slate,' aud give them absolute sway over its destinies. But this is not reconstruc? tion. lt can give nothing of the spirit of harmony-nothing of the feeling of the community of interest on which alone any real union can be maintained-nothing of tho con? tent, the souse of justico and of the security of personal rights, which are absolutely essential to a perma? nent, prosperous and b?n?ficient uuion of States. How does the Tri bune suppose taxes aro to be collect? ed-crimo punished, equality of rights secured, tho sentiment of national interest and national pride cultivated and strengthened, under such a rule as it foreshadows? Sole? ly, of course, by the armed power of tho nation-by the preseuco of tho sword and tho bayonet in every town and every precinct of the State which aro thus to be rulod; by plain, naked force, just such as rules tho people of Austria, of Turkey and of Russia to - day. ??It is rather melancholy to reflect that our An*erican ideas of Republi? can Government have come to this; and that this plan is the one spe? cially urged by those who claim to be the friends of progress-the advo? cates of Republican liberty and of Democratic institutions throughout the world." -?-??-?-: DISTRESS AMONO THE WORKING PEOPLE OF THE NORTH.-There is an unusual amount of suffering and des? titution among the working people of the Northern States. It is stated that at least 150,000 workingmen and women are out of employment in New York city alono. Of course this lack of employment entails an im? mense amount of privation. The New York Post states that it is con? ceded by those best iuformed upon the subject, that with tho exception i of the very hard winter of 1851-5, destitution was never so general in that city as at present, and adds: "The reports from the various mis? sions and other benevolent societies, as well as those from private indi? viduals, speak of extraordinary pri? vations among the poor; including an unparalleled number of Americaus. This winter, for tho first timo in the experience of the police, American mechanics nightly seek tho shelter of the station houses; and not alone for a night, or in few numbers, but by dozens, and accompanied in some in? stances by their wives and little chil? dren. In many cases the applicants for shelter are women and children frequently the widows and orphans of those who lost thoir livos in the war. Some of these lodge at tho station houses many nights in suc? cession." Tho Gloucester (Massachusetts) Advertiser, gives numerous instances of destitution among the working people cf that place, and makes a strong plea for their relief. The Pall River (Massachusetts) weavers havo taxed themselves two and a half cents a loom per month to sustain the "Weavers' Union." From tho Kit tery (Maine) navy yard there have been discharged seventy-five mon, ship building hoing full. Tho Win stod (Connecticut) Hoe Company, manufacturers of Southern hoes, have stopped work entirely for tho present, throwing about sixty hands out of ern ploy munt. Tho Howe Sew? ing Machine Company, ut Bridge? port, Connecticut, have adopted the system of giving out their work to contractors, and employ many less workmen than beforo to turu ont a larger number of sewing machines. There aro 3,000 servant girls out of employment in New York city. The Horons tract lon Con-rent Ibu. The Mercury gives the following summary of the proceedings ou the 31st day-Thursday last: Maokey offered the following reso? lution, which was adopted: Resolved, That this Convention re? quest Brevet Maj. Gen. Canby, com ruanding Second Military District, to remove Mr. Lee, the present Super ir: ton do ul eu the otate irenitentiary, and appoint in his pince Mr. Wm. ?. Bose, of Yorkville. Allen submitted the following: Resolved, That the President bo requested to take such steps as are necessary to draw $20,000 from the Treasury of tho State for the pur po80 of paying the per diem and mileage of the members of this Con? vention, and that tho snme be paid on Saturday, the 22d of February, 1863. A motion to lay the resolution on the table was lost, and the resolution passed. Jeuks submitted a resolution, that we humbly petition Congress that they will take no action looking to? ward tho reduction or repeal of the preseut import duty on rice, etc., which was referred to the Committeo ou Petitions. Boweu submitted the following resolution, which was referred to the Committee on the Legislative part of the Constitution: Resolved, That tho first General Assembly eouvcued under this Con? stitution, nt their first Bession, shall' ratify the nmeudmeut to tho Consti? tution of tho United Stutes, kuown tis article fourteen, proposed by the thirty-ninth Congress. The report of the Committee on tho Miscellaneous part of the Con? stitution wits then brought under dis? cussion, and Sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, ll and 12, wero passed to second reading. Sections 0 und 13 were stricken out. Report on Committeo iu regard to Charitable institutions: Sections 1, 2, 3 aud i, severally passed to second reading. Report of Committeo on Finance, in regard to li naneo and taxation: Seotions 1 to 18 inclusive, passed to a second reading. Section 19 was stricken ont. The ordinance for the appointment of commissioners by the Legislature to investigate and ascertain what ob? ligations of the State may bo valid, was then discussed. THE CHANGE IN TUE MAYOKAI/TY. We publish elsewhere the proceed? ings of the special meeting of the City Council, which was held last evening, for the purpose of installing General W. W. Burns, the military appointee to the Mayoralty of this city, vice Hon. P. C. Gaillard, re? moved by Gen. Canby. In retiring from the executive office of our city, Colonel Gaillard carries with him the sympathy of this entire community. During his administra? tion ho has won the cordial support of our citizens, no less by his untir? ing vigilance over the interests, and zeal for the prosperity of Charleston, than by his impartial conduct in Council and his many social virtues as an individual. We tender the in-coming Mayor our cordial wishes that tho enjoyment of his new honor may be character? ized by profit to our municipal affuirs and pleasure to himself. Gen. Burns, who is a native of Ohio, and gradu? ate of the Academy of West Point, enjoys a brilliant record as a soldier, and during his sojourn amongst us has attracted to himself a host of friends aud admirers, by his uniform consideration nnd courtesy, as well as by his unostentatious efforts to ad? vance the welfare of the community in which his lot has been cast. [Charleston Courier. AUSTKALIA.-Tho Now York He? rald's correspondence from Sydney, Now South Wales, is dated January 1. The young prince, Duko of Edin burg, was still among tho Victorians. During tho festivities ou his account, a ball-room was destroyed by fire, and four young boys wero killed by an explosion of combustibles on board a miniature galatea. New Zealand and Victoria advices contain nothing of much interest. A tor? nado had passed over Melbourne and blown down tho walls of a now town hall. A snow storm occurred at Ho? bart Town, in Tasmania, in the midst of a tropical summer. Tho mouth of tho river Roper hud been discovered by un exploring expedition on tho North coast of Australia. The town of Hiogo, Japan, was burned on Christmas day. - "WASHINGTON'S BIRTH-DAY.-To? day is the anniversary of the birth of the father of his country, and if he were living now. ho would be 136 years old. He Was born in West? moreland County, Virginia, V>n the 22d day of Febrnary, 1732. HARPER'S LIBRARY OF SELECT NO? VELS.-We have received from the publishers, through J. J. McCarter, oopiea of Nos. 308 and 310-"One of the Family" and "The Browulow's" -of this interesting series of un? abridged and unaltered novels. Tho first, by the author of "Carlyon's Year," is a simple narrative, ploa santly told; tho second is by Mrs. Oliphant-of whom the London Re? view says: "Mrs. Oliphaut's books are always characterized by thought and earnestness-some purpose mak? ing itself manifest iu them bej'ond that of merely striking the fancy of her readers, or gaining their atten? tion for a momeut." The cost of the books is only 25 and 37'.j cents a volume-cheaper than the cheapest. LEAP YEAR Hor.-The ladies iu other sections aro tnking the lead in tho advantages of leap year by giving hops, and we see no good reason why tho ladies in this section should not follow suit. Here is the programme ont West: Whereas, from timo immemorial, one year in every four has boen set apart for the mutual benefit ?if the sexes; and whereas Madame Humor has whispered iu our ears that cer? tain diffident mules (we can't call them men) have been suffering for four long years with diseased hearts; and whereas said males have not had the conrago to apply for the "healing balm and whereas it has become necessary for us to assert our rights under custom; therefore, be it Resolved, That we will give a "Leap Year hop" at tho Capitol Hotel hall-room, at 9 o'clock p. m., precisely, February 28, 1808. Resolved, That every lady who at? tends Khali procuro a ticket, the price of which shall be $2. Resolved, That tho Treasurer alone is authorized to issue tickets, which she may do upon ber personal know? ledge, or that of some known lady, that the applicant is a lady. Resolved, That each lady attending the "hop" is expected to select ber escort, and in order that no gentle? man may have bis "vanity flattered" by receiving more than one card, the Treasurer will keep a register, con? taining the names of nil the resident gentlemen, togethor with those of all strangers who may be reported, and it shall be tho duty .of every lady do siring au escort to write, or cause to be written, her name opposite that of the desired gentleman. Resolved, That all the members of the "Ball Club" shall be admitted free of oharge, and it is earnestly hoped that they will all come, whe? ther they have escorts or not. Resolved, That no gentleman not a member of said Club, shall bo ad? mitted (reporters and editors except? ed) unless be be escorted by a lady, she paying for the ticket and all other expenses. Resolved, That every lady in and out of tho State is invited: Provided, that no lady sbaU bo permitted to enter tho ball-room until she regis? ters ber solemn vow to use her every endeavor to get a husband during the year. . Resolved, That no gentleman shall bo admitted who does not previously express his willingness to fall a vic? tim to black eyes or blue, "brunette" or "blonde." Resolved, That in order that each lady may place ber affections on n solid foundation, each gentleman is required to produco a certificate,pro? perly sworn to, and authenticated, that ho is a man of honesty, courage, industry and good demeanor, pro? vided, that "old batches," in addi? tion to said certificate, shall present the reason why they have nover mar ried-said reason to bo presented publicly in tho ball-room. Resolved, That in order to protect tho gentlemen, each lady shall be prepared to furnish a certificate, swornBto hy her mnmma, that said lady can sew on buttons, make shirts, ant perform all other duties apper? taining and belonging to the house? hold. ,An English cook book describes a Btu r ge on as a rare and delicious fish, and gives various modes of preparing it. Served as a fish, however, stur? geon ?B regarded in this country as less palatable than cod-fish, and in? ferior to halibut. It appears, how? ever, that sturgeon cnn br. prepared by a skillful cook, by being well done and breaded, so that few hasty eaters will detect any difference be? tween it and au ordinary v? ni cutlet. A FRENCH COUNTRY FAMILY.-The above is the title of a neatly-bound and prettily-illustrated book, just published by Harper & Brothers translated from the French by Miss Mulock, the popular authoress. Tho translator saj3*in the preface that eho lins nltered nothing-not even tho proper names. Our little readers will not like their young French com-' pnuions introduced in the story the less as "Edouard" and "Lucie" than as Edward aud Lucy. The perusal of this story will prove beneficial to parents ns well ns children. Mr. McCarter has favored us with a copy. MATT, ARRANGEMENTS.-Tho post office open during the week from 9>y? a. ra. to 6 p. m. On Sundays, from \% to 2)4 p. m. The Charleston and Western mails are open for delivery at 2 p. m., and close at 9 a. m. Northern-Open for delivery at 10' i a. m., closes at 1 p. m. Greenville-Open for delivery nt 3 p. m., closes nt S p. m. NKW AJ>VKaTi8?MXMTH.-Attention ia call? ed to tho tallowing advertisements, pub? lished this mornine fur I lac? fir?' lime: Radio at Pollock llouno. J. P. M. Epping-In Bankruptcy. THE BODY OP THE LATE EMPEROR MAXJMTMAN.-Tho coffin of the Em? peror Maximilian has been again opened to determine once more the identity of the body. A commission was also named to draw up a protocol giving a statement iu legal form of the Emperor's decease. Prince Ho? henlohe, the Marshal of the Imperial Household, the Minister President Prince Anersperg, and tho Minister Count Foatotites, Vico-Admiral Von Tegethoff, sud the former physician in ordinary to the Emperor Maximi? lian, (Dr. Bosch,) as well as the guar? dian of tho Capucin Monastery and some others were present at the cere? mony. When tho coffin was opened they saw and expressed their convic? tion of tho authenticity of its con? tents. The statement which was then drawn up and signed is pub? lished in the official journal. The reason for this seems to bo to put an end to the senseless rumors which were in circulation here. INDUSTRY STCLL PAYS.-The Athens Banner relates an instance of a young man living about twenty miles from Athens, who leased a farm contain? ing SOO or 400 acres, most of it well worn. Ho worked four or five hands, made over twenty bales of cotton, a largo crop of potatoes, over 400 bush? els of corn, and with the proceeds of his crop bought the farm, a few days ago, paying $1,100 for it. "In good times the place was worth over 83,000. This is but an illustration of what well directed industry will do, anywhere in tho South. If our young mon, instead of looking towards Honduras or Brazil, would go to work with energy right here at home, they would soou find that it would pay. Our lands aro not yet exhausted. THE MARSHAL OF SouTn CAROI?INA. Dr. Thomas Sim, and not Wm. Gil? more Simms, the Southern novelist, ns stated iu some quarters, is tho name of tho individual nominated for United States Marshal for the Dis? trict of South Carolina. Dr. Sim was tho former medical director of the Third Army Corps, and au ofllcor of tho most distinguished merit. About two years ago ho settled iu South Carolina as a planter, and is now re? commended fur this position by Gen. Sickles and many other of tho most influential officers of tho army uo\v in the South. [Corres. Xe m York Times. A fire occurred at Hong Kong in November, by whioh 200 houses were destroyed, Tho report of tho explosion of powder magazines at Unchong and tho loss of 1,000 lives is confirmed.