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COLUMBIA. Friday Morning, September 20,1867. rjpfcs Stoney (Question ?nd War. . Nations do not often go to war or at least uhould not-without counting the coat. The New York Mercantile Journal takes this ground, and does not doubt the willingness ol European monarohs to create con . ' Valsions, but thinks the financial '?condition of their several Govern? ments a burrier against any warlike ^disturbance. To prove this position, the Joumai .?takes a rapid but masterly review oi "ihe .monetary situation of the dif? ferent European Governments, which ?really is very interesting to those .who watch the progress of events at this time throughout the world, as well as at home. First, the debt of -Great Britain. The total amount of that debt, funded and unfunded, ia -?777,487,80% or about $3,867,489,020 ?n gold. At the present time, there ls a vast amount of unemployed .capital in that country, and apparent prosperity in trade ; yet the mere rumor or chance of war on the con? tinent, causes unusual apprehension and distrust, consols become flat .-?nd, to quote the language of the London Times, a "dead, unhealthy .calm-prevails.'' Again, the Bank of England has in ats vaults at this time 975,000,000 in gold, and has reduced its rates to two per cent., while one per cent, is freely ?offered at the stock exchange, with? out takers. In other words, there is /plenty of money without advantage ?K& employment, and abundant dis itress -without adequate opportunities .of relief. On this point, the Times *?js: "'Money is cheap, but it is not ?cheap to all; it is cheap to some, bnt it is dear or, rather, it is inaccessible ?to more. It is cheaper indeed to the favored few, because the rest are cnt ??ff from the supply." There are various canses assigned ?or this state of things, the first ?quoted being the restrictive legisla? tion and political disturbances in the United States; then the reform agita? tion, Irish troubles, the encroach snoots of Russia in the East throat '?ling India, and the threatening ^aspect of affairs on the continent. The almost immediate effect these threatening manifestations have or moue ta ry and commercial affairs ir Kngland, proves that she is seeking greatness and national prosperity it the more genial paths of trade une industry, rather than in war and con quest. Hence latterly her indisposi tion to intermeddle in the disputes o the other European Governments She is right. .France hos $180,UOO,000 on hand -and yet there is a general uneasines in money circles, and the same con ?dition of affairs that exist in Grea Britain, may bo said to exist there Therefore, notwithstanding all th frenchman's love of "glory," it i .doubtful whether Napoleon is anxiou iov war Russia appears to be badly ofi ^jecnniarily. She has tried to borro\ S60.000.000, but bas failed. "With s. much money in tho banks of Englam and France, and so much unemployed -capital in tho hands of the moneyei naen of Europe, this failure on th part of Russia, shows that she mus tic on the eve of bankruptcy. Prussia has money and plenty ej 4aroop3, but careful of her resources -.cautious of running damaging risk* rxnloss elrivcn to it to maintain he territory intact, or her honor ur tarnished. The Prussians are, justl} ~voxy proud of their solvent conditior and as a people, ure very sensitive i the face of elisastrous probabilities. As to Austria, the Bohemian can paign of last year bas nearly OJ batist cd her resources, anti sho is nc much better off than Spain-whio -country, and Turkey, are hopeless! sick in pecuniary matters. Bach is a brief summary of tb financial condition of tho Govert xnents of Europe. The Mercanti Journal thus notices tho financii conelition of this country. It says: "Wo havo, then, our own case sol Jy left to contemplate-and what is like ? Secretary McOulloch has ju ?onelerctl tho latost monthly bt?t ment of our national dobt, by wbie wo eliseo vcr that tho total amoun los.'* cash in tho Treasury, was, on tl first of September, $2,102,783,365 exbibiting n reduction, indeed, < $251,906,200 .since September ls . 1866, but still enormous. To this Bilm total of United States securities must, however, still be added a for? midable array of separate, or rather, subsidiary indebtedness." Tho Journal thoa figures up the State and. municipal debts, amount? ing to $950,000,000 more, making the ncc?mulated debt of the United States about $3,442,783,365, or very nearly $100 per head for every mon, woman and child in the country, estimating the population at 35,000, 000, including nged people and in? fants, the holt, the blind, the dis? abled, insane, &c. And this, bo it remembered, is only their share of tho public debt-not including privato liabilities. It is indeed a crushing lo ntl, and can only be removed-and even thon only gradually-by enor? mous taxation. The object of "the Journal is no doubt to maintain its theory, that monied interests ore bonds of peace between countries and governments; and it would appear, at first sight, to be a theory well founded. But expe? rience has a hundred timer- proved its fallacy, and in no instance more effec? tually than in our own late civil war. Americans did not count the cost of that struggle und the load of debt and taxation it has heaped on the country. Men's passions aroused do not stop to calculate consequences, and so it has been all the world over in the past and so it will be through? out all coming time. But it was moro as a matter of interest that we have noted this article and briefly summarized its facts and figures, rather than to disprove or sustain theories. < ? ? ? SPECIMEN OF A PRESIDENT.-The Hon. Ben. Wade recently in a speech at Portsmouth, Ohio, spoke thus: "Compare negro-voting Tennessee with rebel-cursed Kentucky. In the latter they elected a full ticket of traitors to Congress, and they como up and demand scuts there, but not one devil of them will get a seat there. (Oheers, and repeated cries of .good.') You may call it despotism, but what sort of despotism is it to exclude from the Government men who openly tried to destroy it? It is quite enough if we spare their devil? ish nocks, (cheers,) and my right hand shall forget its cunning before ever I voto for their admission. You must exclude them for tho safety of your Government. Let rebel Ken? tucky try it over again." This man is to be President of the United States, in case Johnson ia impeached. What a man for such au office! THE ADVANCE IN GOLD.-The Re? publican journals are obliged to ad? mit that the rapid advance in gold, within a few days past, is the result of apprehension of some serious troublo at Washington as soon ns the rump Congress re-assembles. The New York Times (financial article) Bays: "Wo remark the absence of every? thing like decided confidence in the early fall in price, below about 14C per cent, even among tho short sell ers in tho Gold Room. The source of this feeling is in the political situ? ation, ibo complications of which arc not expected to bo removed before the meeting of Congress in Novem? ber." The New York Tribune (monej article) says: "Gold has tukcu another npwnrc surge, touching 146%. Tho Trea sury still hesitates to interpose, anc by increasing the rate of interest te seven per cent, give a severe cheel to gambling in gold and over-trading in all directions. The Secretary <:ai effect this object readily by selling 5-20 bonds moderately and keepinj tho legal tenders ho gets in pay ineuts." SAMBO PROGRESSING.-The Ne\ Orleans Times says: "It is undeniable that a stronj feeling of caste-of exclusiveness-i growing up in the breasts of th colored people, and that the tendenc; to ignore white men as counsellor and leaders-even though they be o the most radical typo politically-i constantly on the increase. Even n this oarly day, long beforo an elec tion for new local governments ca: bo hold, thero is scarcely a State o municipal office that can be name for which a negro candidate has no already boen put forward, with stron und active supporters nt his back, J colorod man now holding office b appointment of Gen. Sheridan boas! ed on a leading thoroughfare, i tones to bo hearel by passers, that h would be the next sheriff elected, i it cost him $50,000. Ho is confider of succeeding without any such Jibe ral expenditure. Another is quito n coufiitont of being tho next mayoi Tho member of Congress from th First District is decided upon, and s on to the end of tho list." Tardy Jtirtlee. MESSRS. Barrons: Tho Sooth Ca? rolina Railroad Company have at lost been compelled by necessity (not choice) to put the merchants of Co? lumbia . and the up-country on an equality with Angosta. The Legis? lature of South Carolina chartered the railroad to be a benefit to its citi? zens; bur, since its completion, it has discriminated in freights largely in favor . of Augusta, and helped to j build it up at the expense of Colum? bia and Charleston. Tho present concession of equal rates of freight with Augusta boa been won from the fears of the managers of the Company, and not from any sense of right due to the citizens uf South Carolina. To the competition of the air-line route from the Northern cities, via Ports? mouth, Va., the publicare indebted for the present concession. The pocket nerve of the Company was touched, aud the fear of the entire transfer of trade of Columbia and the up-country was the sole cause of this tardy act of justice No sense of right impelled them to it, and the citizens of Columbia owe them no thanks for doing that which the law would long since have compelled them to do, had it been enforced. The original charter of tho Com? pany limited them to charge not ex? ceeding thirty cents per 100 pounds for each 100 miles of road. Subse? quently, it was advanced to fifty cents per 100 pounds to Hamburg. Whether they have a right to charge the increased rate to Columbia is questionable; but, at any rate, they have exercised it, and far in excess, as is well known by those compelled to bring their supplies over the road. At the present Augusta rates, their charges for many articles ore higher than their chartered privileges al? lowed. Dry goods, hardware, boots, shoes and many other goods are charged at seventy-one cents per 100 pounds to Augusta and Columbia, If the original charter rates were charged, forty-five cents per 100 pounds would be the highest freight they could collect. If they can charge to Columbia tho advanced rates, then sixty-five cents per 100 pounds is all they can legally charge. It is incumbent, then, to have tho advanced rate of fifty cents per 100 pounds repealed at the next session of tho Legislature, as tho Act ex? pressly reserved the right of repeal. The organic law of the Stato can be changod in relation to railroad charters. These companies, who undertake to build up cities outside of the limits of the State, at the expense of ocr citizens, must be tavght that no preferences of through freights to parties beyond Ole limits of South Carolina will be tolerated. As an illustration of high charges, it may bo stated that a keg of nails cost, by tho lute rates, forty-three cents from Charleston to Columbia a distance of 130 miles-while it could be transported from Richmond to Columbia-a distance of about 400 miles, and over four railroads for fifty-two cents. The charge for salt from Charleston to Columbia was sixty cents per sack; from Char? leston to Charlotte-nearly double the distance-only seventy-five cents; and, stranger still, if \eit at Chester, about midway of the Charlotte Rail? road, would bo Si. Tho State Con? stitution must, then, be changed, to prevent the railroad abuses, and it is for the people to will that it must bc done at the approaching convention. In the meantime, it is the duty, as well as tho interest, of our merchants to ussist the opposition route. They owe nothing to the South Carolina Railroad Company, and aro only now indebted for this show of liberality to the competition of the nir-lino route. MERCHANT. In the outskirts of an American city, Philadelphia, there is a very small Episcopal Church, entitled "Tho Church of James the Less;" but tho irreverent urchins of the neigh? borhood call it "Tho Little Jimmy." In the neighborhood of tho same city there is a church which was largely built by the funds of an emi? nent American financier, who sold greatquautities of Government bonds, and thia church by the irreverent has been dubbed "The Church of tho Holy Five-Twenties." A New York paper publishes an article on the esoteric attributes of tho city's feeding places, which as? serts that that all tho restaurants suvo ono aro in a condition almost in? describably filth}'. Viands aro han dled with unwashed palms and fin? gers. Tho sweat of the cook's brow flavors tho soup made by his bands, while, over tho half-prepared edibles tho cheerful cockroach and cosy croton bug promenade or prance at will._ FRKEDMAN KIZIIJBD.-We learn, without hearing tho particulars, that a ye ung freedman, bearing tho namo of George Dial, was shot and killed, in his own yard, near Clinton, in this District, on Tuesday night last, by another freedman, one Bob Youug, tho samo who made the radical, in? flammatory harangue to the freed? men here on Saturday last. I LaurcnsvUle Herald. XvVv?%. ?v'-Hiv.-iisk - i i, ? f---?-i I'AETIAIJ Juanen AT LAST.---Miss Fray, of England, has at length ob? tained some property from tho Chan? cery Courte of that country. This is the lady whom Dickens calls "little Miss Fiile," in Bleak House, and he puts these words into her mouth: "Here will be a judgment at the day of judgment." It seems it has come aponer than she expected. HEAVY FAHI?BE OF BROKERS.-The New York Post says: "A large in? surance and brokerage a ge ney in Boston, which hos branches in New York and Chicago, hos suspended payment. Their liabilities are said to bo $200,000, ond many of the in? surance companies of this city, for whom they acted as agents in other places, are sufferers by the failure." Apropos of Greeley's pettish de? sertion of tho Albany Convention, tho Journal, of that city, remarks: "Nothing can supply the placo of his melodious voice, his child-like smile, nnd the expression of angelic innocence which beams frn?n Lis countenance when taking his daily snooze. Como back, Horace^come book!" A gentleman was bathing at the sea-side, and swimming right gallant? ly, when a Newfoundland dog sprang into tho water and insisted upon saving him. Tho gentleman declined, but was eventually obliged to give way for fear of being drowned, and waa quietly pulled on shoro by the hair of his head. Tho Viceroy ot' Egypt, while in London, said to ene of his English entertainers-a notorious mau of plea? sure: "I don't see that there is much difference between you aud ns. With us a rich man keeps all his wives under one roof; but in this country you rich men have a sepa? rate house for every wife." During the war, a Indy passing from cot to cot through the wards of a hospital, was shocked to hear one fellow laugh at her. She stopped to reprove the wretched patient. "Why, ma'am" says he, "you have given me a tract on the sin of dancing, when I have both legs shot off." Hinton Rowan Helper, who did more than any other mau to procure the abolition of slavery, and precipi? tate tho war, was in Statesville, N. C., last week. Tho American says that he persisted in carrying out his principles by refusing to allow a ne? gro to drive him to Davidson College. A modern philosopher, taking the motion of tho earth on its axis at seventeen miles a second, Bays that if you tuke off your hat in the stree! to bow to a friend, you go seventeen miles bare-headed without taking cold. Rev. Dr. Chapiu gets a salary ol $7,0U0, and lectures for $75 a night. Tea years ago, Dr. Chapin used tc 6ay that he lectured for F-a-m-e-i, e., "Fifty And My Expeuses." Nov> ho lectures for the S-n-m-o-i. e., "Seventy-five And My Expenses." "Brown has won the race, bu Hamill claims a foul," remarket Tiffins to Thompson yesterday. "Yes but is it a turkey or a chicken tba hoclaims?" queried Thompson. "Oh it's au aquatic fowl," replied Tiffins. A sensitive lady from the country looking for a coach : ' Tray, sir, ar< you engaged?" Cabman: "Och, blesi yer purty soul, ma'am, I have beet married these seven years, and havi nine children." In Dayton, Ohio, when yonn| ladies fancy themselves instrlted, the; get a cow-hido and a handful o cayenne pepper, and apply one to th back and tho other to tho eyes of th offender. England uses about 220,000,001 pounds of paper annually. Franc yearly consumes 195,000,000, whil the United States demands mor paper than both these conntrie combined-401,000,000 pounds. Tho other evening, a lady, wh pretended to be asleep until her bea had well kissed ber, woko up as if i the greatest amazement, and sait "I think you ought to be ashamed. A man is under arrest in Washing ton for stealing a house. Ho too the parts (it was a frame dwelling to pieces, and carted them away t set up in another part of the city. A fellow, by the name of Gregai has been arrested in Bellefonte, Pent sylvania, and bound over to ausw< at Court for stealing tomb-stone from tho cometory. "Mr. Jones, why do you wear tin bad hat?" "Because, my dear si Mrs. Jones vows she will not go oi of tho house until I get a new one.' If exercise promotes health, tho? who collect old debts for edito: should ho the longest-lived people c earth. "If," as the poet says, "beau! draws us with but a Bingle hair, then what-oh tell us what-must 1 the effect of a modern waterfall? Tho Boston Post boasts that tl Democrats elected one Senator i Vermont at tho recent State eloctioi the first for more than ten years! Fleshy persons may become 1er by fating slate pencils. It rcdue them to a moro cipher. Thero is a colored boy at Hatfiel Mass., only niuo years old, wi weighs over 200 pounds. A New Jersey paper calls grap glowers "grapists." Why not cor ists, potatoists und .squnshists? "Were you guarded in your con? duct while in New York?" said a father to his son,' who had just re? turned from his first visit to the oity. "Yes, sir, part of the time by two policemen, V Au English workman, who died re? cently of delirium tretnenB, bad been accustomed to quenching his thirst with fifteen quarts of ale every day. A tender-hearted railway engineer Bays he never rnns over a mon when he can help it, "because it musses up the track so." DTsraeli is growing old, but not gray; bis hair is said to be still black as a raven's wing, and it curls. NOTICE. THE writer of two anonymous comniu nioations, both dated at Columbia, the former signed "A CLOSE OBSERVER," and dated Jnly 15, 1867, and tho latter signed "STOCKHOLDER, ' and dated September 8, 1867, will confer a special favor oa tho p-?rty addressed by favoring him with a personal interview; which, if desired, may nc confidential. Sept 20 ' 1 Tea! Tea!! THE VERY BEST QUALITY, for sal? by FISHER A LOWRANCE. Sept 20 Nails! NailslT" AN ASSORTMENT as LOW aa they can bc sold in Columbia. Sept 20_FISHER A LOWRANCE. SUGAR, COFFEE, MOLASSES, OOSHEN BUTTER, LARD, BACON, RICE, SUGAR-HOUSE SYRUP, PICKLES, CHEESE, ETC. IRON. STEEL, Axles, Springs, Carriage Materials, Parlor Matches, Etc. Sept 20 FISHER A LOWRANCE. A BARGAIN1! ASTATIONARY STEAM ENGINE, 35 horso power, in complete order: plain cylinder boiler, Jil feet long, by 86 inches diameter; heater 34 ferf long, by 20 inches diameter; iron smoko-Mtack, with cast iron bottom, plato and damper. The engine can be soon at tho Congareo Iron Works. Apply to R. MCDOUGALL, Columbia, S. C. tW The Charlotte Newt will copy threo times weekly, and forward bill to this ofUce._ _ _ Sept 20 FRESH GOODS ! JUST IN! HHDS. prime SIDES and SHOULDERS. BbK primo LEAF LARD. Tierces Davis' DIAMOND HAMS. Kegs choice (Orange Connty ) BUTTER. Rbis. SUGARS-all grades. Bbl?. CRACKERS, fresh, includiug Milk, Sugar, Butter and Snap. Boxes CHEESE-E. IV and Cutting. Bbl??. New Irish POTATOES-Northern. Rags COFFEE-Java, Laguira and Rio. With a FULL and COMPLETE STOOK of GROCERIES, for salo at LOWEST CASH TRIBES, bv C. H. BALDWIN & CO. Sept 20_2 H. & W. C. SWAFFIBLD AHE?O as usual t CLOTHING NOW IN STORE. SLITS FROM ?7.50 TO $60, AFULL LINE OF SHIRTS, HOSIERY, UNDER GARMENTS, GLOVES, TIES, TRAVELING SHAWLS, BLANKETS, ETC. NEW ST?LE PAPER AND LINEN COLLARS. A splendid line of FRENCH and ENG? LISH CASS IM ERE. which will be mado to order in tho LATEST STYLES and at LOW PRICES. Everything that is now in tho way of H A. T S ! N. B.-Our CLOTHING is nearly all of OUR OWN MANUFACTURE. WALKER'S BLOCK, Sept 20_MAIN STREET. Wolfe'? Schiedam Schnapp? aro used all over tho world by the physicians in their practice._ Registration-Second Precinct. THE BOOKS aro now open at tho Pal? metto Engine HOUBO for?flnal Revision of Names Registered in Upper Box of this city. They will 1 closed at3 o'clock p. m., on SATURDAY. I < 21st inst. Tho Board will bo at the old leo House, on Washington street, on MONDAY, tho 23d, and continue thoro tho following week, during which timo tho Books will be open for public inspection. On tho 28th and 30th, tho session for linal Rovision of Names Registered in Lower Box, will tako place. M. J. CALNAN, Chairman Board Registration, Sopt 19 5 2d Precinct, Richland Dist. To All Who U?e Liquor-Wolfe's Schiodam Schnapps is manufactured in Holland by aprocoss only known to tho proprietor, ana is warranted tho purest Liqii'?- over maiuiractnrcd. Mesara. D. C. Peixotto & Son, ad v?rtiae, afc auction, this morning, a varied lot of articles-segars, tobac? co, cow peas, window panes, soap, pipes, etc. Drop in about 10 o'clock, aa bargains will likely be obtained. "Wo are indebted to Messrs. Duffie k Chapman, for late New York papers. TIME IS MONEY. -A large quantity of freight for Columbia, left Balti? more on Saturday?'lSst, by the Sea Gull, and arrived ^in . this city on Tuesday. This freight waa shipped to Columbia by the South Carolina Railroad, yesterday morning, and was nnloaded nt Columbia before 6 P. M. This, tho Mercury asserts, is twelve houra less time than is required by the upper or Charlotte route. REGISTRATION IN LEXINGTON DIS? TRICT--SECSND PRECINCT.-We are indebted to Dr. S. R. Lewie, for the following complete return of regis? tration in the Second Precinct, Lex? ington District: Sandy Run-whites 38; colored 114. Brooker's-whites 50; colored 24. Wise's-whites 80; colored 20. Total whites 108; color? ed 158. FOURTH PRECINCT.-Lewie's Store- - whites 140; colored 21. Leesville whites 108; colored 69. N. Jones' whites 93; colored 77. Fnlmer's whites 68; colored 16. Kiah's Store whites 78; colored 48. Total-whites 487; colored 232. Having a complete printing office, superintended by the proprietor, wo can execute every description of book and job printing-bill and letter heads, circulars, labels, posters, pro? grammes, business, wedding and in? vitation cards, railroad receipts, checks, drafts, ko. Our friends will find it to their interest (and ours) to give us a call. Read Udolpho Wolfe's advertise? ments in to-day's paper. ORDER CONCERNING JURORS.-Gen. Cunby luis issued the following or? der, in relation to the qualifications ol jurors : JHEADQ'RS 2D MILITARY DIST., CHARLESTON, S- C., September 13, 1867. [General Orders No. 89.] Paragraph IL, of General Orders No. 82, dated May 30, 1867, is modi? fied as follows : All citizens assessed for taxes, and who shall have taxes for the current year, and who are qualified, and have been, or may be, duly registered as voters, are hereby declared qualified to serve as jurors. It shall be a sufficient ground of challenge to the competency of any person drawn os a juror that he has not been duly registered os a voter. Such right of challenge may be e?ff** cised in behalf of the people, or of the accused, in all criminal proceed? ings, and by either party in all civil actions and proceedings. Any requirement of a property qualification for jnrors, in addition to the qualifications herein prescrib? ed, is hereby abrogated. The Governors of North and South Carolina, respectively, are hereby authorized and empowered to order, if it should be necessary, special terms of courts to be held for the purpose of revising and preparing jury lists, and to provide for summon? ing and drawing jnrors in ncc ord un cc with the requirements of this order. By command of Bvt. Maj. General ED. R. S. CANBY. LOUIS V. CAZ!ARC, Aide-de-Camp, A. A. A. G. Official: O. M. MITCHELL, Aide-de Camp. NEW ADVEMISEMENTS.-Attention is call? ed to tho following advertisements, which are published this morning for tho ?rat time: lt. MoDougall-Engine for Sale. 0. H. Baldwin A Co.-Fresh Groceries, j R. A W. C. Swafllold-Fall Goods. D. C. Peixotto A Son-Auction To-Day. Fisher A Lowrance-Tea, Nails, Ac. To "CloseObserver" and "Stockholder." Syrm-A FACT NOT GESEBALLY Arrai; CIATEU.-When a merchant changes bli stand, ho is certain to sell goods very cheap for a long time, to have his cus? tomers follow him, and mako hin move {popular. Mr. R. C. Shiver baa moved his argo new stock of Dry GO.K'.S to Main street. Wolfe's Sehlcdmm Schnapps are imi? tated and counterfeited, and purchasers will nave to uso oantion injanrcnaaing. BILLIARDS. GENTLEMEN who aro fond of the above GAME, will find a splendid SALOON over tho storo of Sept 15 JOHN C. REF.OERS A CO. Woodenware, Brooms, &c. WE have jnst received a full assortment of tho following: TO BS, MEASURES, ROLLING PINS, Buckets, Flour Pails, Ladles, Spoons, Butter Spades, Clothes Pine. Wash Boards, Brooms, Whisks. Hearth Brooms, Ac. Tor sAo at !JW figures bv J. A T. R. AGNEW. ! Sept tl