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ni COLUMBIA. . Saturday Horning, August 31,1867. Tho Dethroned King. Tho Northern papers are getting alarmed, lest the supremacy and con? trol of the great staple of the -South would pass from the hands of those in this country -who have hitherto hold them with but little rivalry. The lords of the spindles and looms of New Eng? land are also beginning to entertain serious apprehensions, lest they bo deprived of their cheap supply of the raw material, and bo compelled to go abroad and buy foroign-grown cotton. The New York Times has been looking into this matter, and bas .como to the conclusion that the cot? ton crop planted this season does not .promise an increase over that of last year, even without the usual accident . of flood, worm and frost. To account .for this state of things, the Times goes on to say, that there has been a withdrawal of labor, but omits en? tirely the cause of this diminution of labor on the cotton-fields. It ignores the fact, that the class of tho best . cultivators of cotton in the world bad been seduced from their work in this great agricultural department of the South by illusory theories of fnture i social and political elevation. The most amusing position which the Times takes, in its endeavors to solvo tho problom of the great de? crease in the production of cotton, is, that tho lands have deteriorated, and that there is no new land suitable for the cultivation of tho staple. "We, of the South, know tho absurdity of such an argument. The lands, instead of deteriorating, havo increased in value in their productive qualities, and if the proper labor was to be had in sufficient quantity, they would yield in greater abundance than they have done for many years post. The Times makes a most remark? able suggestion, viz: that a conven? tion of cotton growers and cotton spinners bo held, to confer on tho extraordinary causes which have prostrated the interests of both, and *'to devise means by which tho cot? ton contest with England may be waged in the mutual interest of each." Such an assemblage would be a greater farce than that held in Philadelphia hist year. Tho South? ern cotton growors and tho Kow England spinners have no "mutual interest." ibero is no affinity ol any sort existing between them. Thc former havo been always clogged it their operations by tho latter and their representatives in Congress, ir the shape of high tariffs, heavy taxa tion, wh?t?i increased the price oi almost oveij article that the planto needed; and in addition to all this kineo the emancipation of the cottoi laborers, they havo levied a tax o: three cents on every pound of thc raw material grown in tho Southeri States, thus not only lessening th( revenue of the land owner, but dc priviug the colored man of $12 ot evory halo of cotton which may corni to him as tho product of his labor. This unjust tax upon both th< whites and blacks of tho South shout, at least bo taken off. The freedmoi should bc encouraged by their North ern friends to form habits of indus try, and persevere in tho productioi of the staple they so sorely need fo their factories. They ought to sa; to thc class of laborers for whoa > they profess so much friendship that a large production of cotton i infinitely of more iruportanco thai any party or political success. The; ought to hasten, by every means ii their power, tho restoration of th Southern States to their rightfu position in tho Union. All this cai bo dono without any mixed conven tion of tho kind proposed by th Times, and would do moro to re-en throne tho deposed king than all th political haranguors from Maine t Texas could effect in a century. - THE HERALD ON GEN. GRANT.-H t "must turn over his portfolio to civ I hands. His ideas aro too much ci |[ shrouded in a military uniform t suit tho position. He has been con pletely unhorsed in his tilt with tb President. Like a trno soldier, h obeyed orders in assuming his pn sont duties. Lot him as quickly ? possible givo placo to other and abb brains, retaining solely tho genera ship of our armies." Letter from Stevens. Allusion was made in our tele? graphic despatches to a letter from Thad. Stevens. The following is the letter referred tor LANCASTEB, PA., August 26, 1867. CoL Samuel Schock, Columbia, Pa. DEAR Sm: You are right in sup? posing that Congress made mistakes, as is the inevitable lot of man, bnt you mistake in supposing that there is any law to prohibit the removal of dint riot commanders without the con? sent of the Senats. Soon after the commencement of tho last session of Congress, I reported a bill from tho Committee of the House of Repre? sentatives, whioh contained a provi? sion prohibiting removal without tho consent of the Senate. It passed tho House and was sent to the Senate. Tho Senate struok it out and returned it to the House, who refused to con? cur in tho amendment. Tho result was ii com mit too of conferonco, whore an animated contest ensued. There were several other questions in controversy between tho houses, which the Hoaso offered to yield if this could bo granted. The Senate persistently refused, declaring that they would sooner lose tho bill. As that would frustrate all our legisla? tion, it could not be allowed. Tho Houso yielded, with a warning of tho evils it would inflict upon the coun? try. Some of the members of tho Senate seemed to doubt their power under the Constitution, which they had just repudiated, and outside of which all agreed wo wero acting, elso our whole work of reconstruction was usurpation; or perhaps they had a desire to bo thought gravely con? servativo and magnanimous. These ideas Beomed to control tho action of somo half dozen Senators who proferred trusting tho President. My dear Colonel, a few Senators of great ability, undoubted patriotism and purity, havo become so saturated with what they were pleased to call "conservatism," (whoso meaning I confess I am unablo to understand,) that I fear they will forget tho mon? ster that was slain in 1770, and agaiu in 1861, and will thus do groat da? mage to tho creation of a Govern? ment now so capable of beiug con? verted into a political paradise. This is liable to happen, not so much by direct and palpable attack upon its frame-work, as by gradually forgetting tho vital principles of tho Declara? tion of Independence. Strike out ono of tho living sparks which givo life to our Goddess of Liberty, and the mysterious and in? tonso heat whoso welding fires nearly a century ago and at present are fusing principles of freedom and re? ducing despotism to ciuders, will gradually cool, until tho most con? servative despot could thrust his oworcl iuto it without affecting its temper. I have said above that I did not know the meaning of the word "conservatism." I have since seen the report of a speech said to havo been made by an Ohio Senator at Canton, Ohio, which, if it be truly reported, and is to he considered a definition of that doctrine, then it to me is very alarming-worse than copperheadism. It is legislation with? out authority, and reconstruction by usurpation. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, THADDEUS STEVENS. THE BAY OP SAMAXA.-The first nows despatch transmitted by Cuban cable, is the most importaut intelli? gence wo have received from the West Indies for years past. It is known that negotiations havo for somo time been going on between our Govern? ment and the Government of San Domingo, with a view to our acquir? ing, for thc purpose of a naval sta? tion, tho largo and beautiful Bay of Samana. At a cost of .$,">, OOO, OOO, the bay, with fivo miles of land on thc ciroumjacent shore, is at last to become tho property of tho United States. Tho bay is forty-three miles in length from East to West, about eight miles broad, and forms ono of tho finest harbors in the world. Sa? mana is said to possess, in greatest abundance, tho choicest timber for ship-bnilding, and there are also, on tho North shore, excellent natural facilities for repairing vessels. The acquisition, as a commercial and naval one, is very valuable, and, poli? tically, it gives us u controlling posi? tion in tho Antilles and thc Gulf of Mexico. --????--? "If Mr. Johnson could only make np his mind to let tho unreconstruct? ed States work ont their destiny in peace, thero is no reas.ri why both races (whito and black) should not do their share toward tho regeneration of ono of tho fairest portions of our republic."-New York Tribune. If tho New York Tribune and its radical friends had taken to them? selves tho samo advico it now gives to Mr. Johnson, and had indeed loft tho South to "work out" its "destiny in peace," we should have had peace and abundance beforo this day. -? i-_ A woman with three husbands is in trouble in New York. TJie District Commander?. The New York Tribune, of the 27th, hos the following double-leaded Oditorinl on the removal of Generala Sickles and Sheridan : What order Gen. Sickles has diso? beyed, what authority he has usurped, the people have not yet been informed. The President, in removing him, has simply exercised arbitrary power, without justification or excuse. Gen. Sickles has boen removed solely be causo he enforces the laws of Con? gress according to the letter, and in the spirit the people dictate-because the President will not have them en? forced. It is war upon the laws that Mr. Johuson has begun-plain war, under tho color of Executive author? ity to remove and appoint. General Cunby, who is to succeed Sickles, is yet to bo tried, and wo need not doubt that the President will try him. In Maj-, lSb'5, he was appointed to tho command of the Department of the Gulf, retaining it till superseded by Sheridan; but while in that posi? tion assumed no responsibility upon which his course in tho Carolinas may bo justly predicted. This much needs to bo said-tho successors of Sheri? dan and Sickles, tho men appointed by Andrew Johnson, cannot escape a certain suspicion. Generals Canby and Hancock must bo content with a suspension of judgment, and aro en? titled to that consideration by their honorable record us soldiers. They will stand or fall, as they arc foes or frionds of the law. Tho Tribuue has been severely cri? ticised because it has criticised Gen. Grant. Wo do not regret anything wo havo said of tho Goueral of tho Army; wo found him silent in tho President's Cabinet, and tho officiai instrument by which Sheridan was removed. Wo demanded to know why he accepted such an extraordi? nary position before wc chose to sus? tain him therein. We are now re? joiced to Bay that, if his lotter to tho President, if tho news wo print to? day, do not fully provo that General Grant is a thorough Republican, they unquestionably do provo that ho ia not in sympathy with Andrew John? son. Mr. Johnson has over-ruled his arguments, and reversed his orders, and has even gone so far as to direct Sheridan to go at once to tho plains, though Grant had summoned him to Washington. Nay, ho bas gone fur? ther; ho has instructed Gen. Thomas to maintain all orders ho should find in force in the Fifth District; tho President instructs Hancock to annul whatever ho sees tit. This is a direct issue, aud no man, who honestly ho? nors Grant for his services in thc field-who honestly desires to know him ns a friend of reconstruction will fail to rejoice that it is mudo. There is :i gulf between the people and thu President, and those whom tho people trust must stand upon theil side of it. No bridge io possible. Nc mun, however great his popularity, eua reconcile belief in the laws ol Congress w ith voluntary obedience tc the President's policy; und thosoonei tho "open rupture" which General I (Inuit's frionds predict, occurs-tin sooner he speaks as ti soldier should ! tho hotter it will be for himself anc for the country. TiunuxE SCRAPS.-The following paragraphs, from tho Tribune, o Wednesday, show tho temper of thc partisan journals of the North, undei tho revolution now in progress a Washington: Tho National intelligence}' think that the now members of the Cabine snould be mon "who aro not trouble! about their record, or anxiously solicitous about their futuro." W< agree with it, and think it pretty certain that they will be. Secretary Stanton, in bis lotter ti the Mayor of Boston, intimates tba he remained in the Cabinet for pa triotic reasons, and claims no mor merit than justly belongs to nil wb are ready to beni all, do all, am .stiller all, that the Government migb bo saved. It is said that the President ba a regular corps of private detectives paid out of the secret service fune who aro employed to watch all poi sous who favor bis impeachment If he keeps on bis present course, hi spies will have to watch more tba 2,000,000 of voters. Mr. Johnson waa not satisfied wit dismissing Sheridan from his con maud, and accusing bim of "absolut tyranny," but ho must couplo til disgrace with a petty insult, which President ought to havo bee ashamed to oller to any of h subordinates. "Under the guidanc and instructions of Gen. Sherman, Mr. Johnson hopes that Sherida will do some service in tho India country. Sheridan is likely to d somo service wherever he goes, pr? vided he is given a fair chance; au whatover instructions Sberman mr give him, wo may bo sure will I zealously and intelligently followei But the victor of Winchester ongl not to bo sent to school to nnybod; - Tho Herald announces the death i Samuel W. Anderson, Esq., Sheri of Laurens District, on Sunday las after au illness of twelve days, fro fover caused from exposure in tl discharge of his official duties. Tl deceased was a member of the M thothst Church, and leaves a lari family to mourn his loss. The Dlitaibnnco mt Mount Pleasant. The announcement in yesterday's papers of the disturbance at the re? gistration precincts on Mount Plea? sant, and the i nt en ti ou of the com? mandant of tho post to quell any riot that might arise, caused the Bock land to carry more than her usual complement of passengers. General Scott, General Glitz, Major Upham and a force of about twenty men, proceeded to Mount Pleasant to in? vestigate the disturbance and put a Btop to any riotous proceedings that might take place. On arriving at tho point, the forco was met by a largo number of negroes, who accom? panied thom to tho registration pre? cinct, whero General Scott inquired into their grievances and questioned them on their past conduct. Tho Gcucral subsequently repaired to the quarters of Major Everson, tho agent of tho Bureau at Mount Pleasant, where he addressed them from tho piazza. General Scott, in tho first instance, showed thc freedmen that they had violated every principio of law by bearing arms contrary to tho express orders of General Sickles. Ho re? gretted this course, but imputed it to their ignorance; if it were other? wise, they would have been punished severely. He spoke of their conduct, and reprimanded them severely, ask? ing them if they were not aware that if they persisted in their riotous con? duct, they would not only alienate tho affections of tho Southern whites, but would stir up a spirit of antago? nism that would only result in their destruction. The remarks of Gene? ral Scott were admirably adapted to tho minds of his hearers, and were heard with a respectful attention. Tho folly of their course and tho evil advice of their leader, Aaron Logan, were portrayed, and they were plainly told to dismiss from their minds, at onco and forever, all ideas about lands, for they never could be ob? tained but by their indiuidunl exer? tions. The* Goneral reviewed tho whole ground of their complaints and argued each separately, advising them to register quietly and return to their work, as their timo was not their own, but belonged to their employers. At the conclusion of his remarks, tho General invited any freedman who had felt aggrieved, or who was tho speaker of tho crowd, to como up and express his sentiments, ask ques? tions, kc. One responded, but proved to bo no speaker, and could not ex? press his ideas. Ho made assertions that wcro known to bo incorrect, and fiually lied in dismay beforo tho searching questions that wero put The freedmen, seeing every plank in their imaginary platform of equal rights floating away from them, wisely yielded their opinions to tho convic? tion that had been forced upon them, and departed quietly. Gen. Clitzhad stationed thc troops near the precinct, but they were not needed, as their guns, glistening in tho sunshine, re? minded the freedmen what they might expect, in casu they attempted a dis? turbance. The General made a short speech to tho freedmen, telling them plainly what they could expect if they proved refractory, and advised them to net in accordance with tho rights of citizenship conferred upon them by the United States. Mr. Smith then asked the crowd if tliey were prepared to register, and if they were satisfied with Iiis conduct as Chairman of thc Board. Affirma? tive answers were given, and the ne? groes appeared satisfied thnt they had been governed by false leaders, and 1 had been led astray. Tho military returned to the city ut 2 o'clock; no further trouble was ap? prehended, tho negroes being orderly and quiet. No gnus, or any weapons beyond sticks, were exhibited, and there were hardly move than 150 to 200 present during tho discussion. [Charleston News, 30///. Oun FAIIII TRADE.-With the ap? proach of our fall season, we discern increasing signs of lift? in our great business centres. Broadway, which is never dull, is becoming moro lively. The crowd thickens in Wall street. In Duane and Church streets, and other large wholesale centres, all is bustle and activity. Our imports aro largely on tho increase. Every vessel that enters our harbor is moro richly laden than its predecessor. Our buy? ers h two beconio less fearful, and have already commenced to invest in stock, in expectation of n busy and pros? perous season. Tho crops, which, this year, aro unusually heavy, aro cheering tho hearts of our husband? men. Sick of thc monotonous gayoty and tho confined chambers of the various water-ing places, ourup-town population will soon have returned to their largo and air}' mausions, and to tho more solid and satisfactory life of homo. A few weeks moro, and the season will bo nt its height. Our warehouses, our hotels, our places of amusement, have all beforo them thc prospect of a rich and abundant har? vest.-New York Herahl. lu Franco, tho consumption of tho tobacco increases rapidly. All sales of tobacco aro made by tho Govern? ment, and whilst, in 1789, tho Go? vernment received a rovenuo of but S6.OOD.000 from these sales, in 18G5, this had increased to 835,000,000. At present, over 60,000,000 pounds of tobacco are annually sold in France. i Local T.toms. O. H. Baldwin, Esq., of thia city, has been appointed by Judge Bryan a Commissioner of tho United States Courts for ?outh Carolina. REGISTRATION-THE RESULT.-Re? gistration closed in this precinct yes? terday. The following is the result: Whites 322; colored 903. Total l,fi25. There were twenty-five white men who could not write their names, and only eighty colored men who were able to do so. We aro informed tbat tho board will bo at this place on tho 2Stb and 30th of September, when those who have failed to register at this session of the board can do so. FIXE CHEWING TOBACCO.-Wo have tried some fino chewing tobacco, a consignment of which tho Messrs. Peixotto have just received. It is tho pure natural Leaf, elegantly put up in packages for retail. It is branded "Rose-bud," and almost smells as sweet as a rose. The users of tho weed will be delighted with this fa? shionable brand, which wo learn is now all tho rage in New York and elsewhere. CONOAREE BRIDGE OF THE COLUM? BIA AND AUGUSTA RAILROAD.-We learn that the iron bridge for some timo in process of construction at the Tredogar Iron Works, of Rich? mond, Va., for the Columbia and Augusta Railroad, to bo plac ed over tho Congarco River, bas been com? pleted and is now being shipped. It consists of three spans 100 feet long and seven spans 80 feet in length. Tho aggregate weight of this bridge is within a fraction of 500,000 pounds. C. Shalcr Smith, Esq., of Baltimore, is the engineer. It is built on thc well-known Fink's plau. DON'T READ Tins.-Having a com? plete job printing office, competent workmen, and superintended by thc proprietor himself, we aro prepared to execute every description of book and job printing-bill and letter heads, circulars, labels, posters, pro? grammes, business, wedding and in? vitation cards, railroad receipts, chocks, drafts, &c. Our friends will find it to their interest (and ours) tc R?VO us a call. The gift entertainment for the re? lief of tho destitute poor of thc South will bo given in Washington City, on tho "0th of September. Persons desirous of obtaining tickets will apply at once at tho PJtcenia oilioe, as vet.uns are to be made prior to the 10th of September, sc that tho necessary arrangements can bo completed. APPOINTMENT OP OFFICERS.-Wc learn from tho Anderson Intelligence) that Governor Orr has received thc following communication from Gen Sickles, in reference to tho future appointment of officers in this State. Since thu passage of the reconstruc tion laws, all officers who were ap pointed by law received their appoint meats from Governor Orr, as before But this power will hereafter be ex crcised by tho Commanding General as well as the appointment of officer! to fill vacancies in elective offices: HEADQ'RS, SECOND MILITARY DIST., CHARLESTON, S. C., Aug. 'J3,1867. Sir: In compliance with thc ve quirements of Section 2 of th Supplement?r}' Act of Congress approved July 19, 1807, all appoint incuts to office in this Military Dis trict will be made by military au thority as therein provided. In tb? discharge of this duty, tho Com manding General desires that al vacancies in offices, of which you ar notified, bo reported to tbeso head quarters, with such recommendation of persons to fill vacancies as yoi may bo pleased to make. Your at tentiou is invited to tho provision of Section 0 of tho Act aforesaid requiring that all persons appointe* to offico iu tho Military District created by the Act to provide for tb moro efliicieut government of tb rebel States, shall tako the oath o office prescribed by law for officors o tho Uaited States. I have the hone to bo, very respectfully, your obe client servant, J. W. CLOUS, Capt. 3Sth Inf. A. A. A. G. POST OFFICE HOURS.-The offico i opou from 8 a. m. until 3}A p. ni. and from G until 7 p. m. The North em mail closes at 3}., p. m., and al other mails elose at 8 p. m. Read Udolpho Wolfe's advertise ments in to-day's paper. THE NORTH CAROLINA UNIVERSITY GEN. JOSEPH E. JOHNSTON.-We ob? serve, from the North Carolina news? papers, that this old institution time-honored and illustrious-has uot been blessed with that degree of pros ? perity, since tho war, which its great merits deserve. Tho number of stu? dents has become diminished, and somo of its professors, and, moro re? cently, its president, cx-Gov. S wayne, have resigned. No ouo, familiar with tho history of the Chapel Hill Uni? versity, and its great record of dis? tinguished men, can fail to regret that it has thus been compelled to succumb to tho exigencies of the hour and stagnate, from tho want of adequato encouragement. Wo cannot believe that the cause of this unhappy result has originated in tho institution itself, but is due to the prevailing financial and political depression of the country, and a po- - i vertj' which compels the young men of tho State to earn their broad, by tho sweat of their brow, upon the corn and cotton fields of their home? steads. - There is, however, as wo believe, a remedy. Until tho appointment of Gen. Robert E. Lee to tho presiden? tial chair of the Washington College, at Lexington, Va., that institution likewise languished, and, but for his presence, would now bo scarcely thought of. Yet, mark thc change. The accommodations of the college contemplate tho prcsouco of only 500 students; yet tho applications for admission, during thc present year, aro, as we aro informed, in excess of 800. Why is this? Wc answer, be? cause our people will have faith in tho guidance and influence of one whoso lifo and character illustrate the noblest manhood. * And ns they love Lee, so do they love Johnston. The two names oro woven in ono chaplet, and together will go down to an ad? miring posterity. And if our neigh? bors in North Carolina could induce him who is last named to accept a position among them similar to that which has been conferred upou his great compeer, thc Old Chapel Hill would again ring to tho noisy enthu? siasm of its hundreds of students. We believe that such a proposition would be entertained by Gen. John? ston, and that he would gladly retire from tho bustle of business to the shady precincts of ono of tho grand? est old colleges in the South. Many a young man in North Caro? lina and her sister States of South Carolina and Georgia would gladly enlist in tho ranks of education, under such a chief as Gen. Joe John? ston. Wc should bc glad to have him in South Carolina, but, as the opportunity docs not exist, we desire him to be as near us as possible. Wc may add, that lew men in the country possess higher -cicntifie at? tainments, moro solid learning, or a moro practical mind, than Gen. Jo? seph E. Johnston; and it is fair to presume that when ho brings his mental forces to charge on the battle line of ignorance, he bas tho nbility, as was once roughly enid'by one of his old soldiers, to "outflank all creation." SEW ADVEr.TtsEarus'rs.-Attention iscall o?l to tho following advertisements, which are uublisbod this morning for Ibo lirai ' hue: J. C. Janney-List of Letters. Misses McGowan-School Notice. Meeting of Typographical Union. Fine Fat Beor at Stall No. 7. J.T. lt. Agnew-Cow Pone. 1). P. Gregg-Dental Notice. Crawford & Friday-Corn for Salo. Mrs. Peck-Resumption of School. A fino lot of Desirable Goods have just been opened by Mr. lt. C. Shiver, who still adheres to bin proper principle of good articles for little money. Road his adver? tisement, and then oxamiu' tho goods. TnE BOND AND GREENBACK QUES? TION.-A correspondent, writing from Keosauqun, Iowa, to tho Cincinnati Enquirer, on tho 13th instant, says: Tho largest meeting that has been held in Van Bureu County, Iowa, for many years, was hold iu Koosauqua ou Saturday, tho 10th of August. Henry Clay Dean addressed the quiet and attentive audience for three hours. Tho audience was of every part of politics and every sect of reli? gion. The interest felt in tho payment ot tho public dfbt in greenbacks was kindled into tho wildest enthusiasm. People of all parties acquiesced in this plan of liquidation. The speaker argued all of tho questions involved in tho collateral questions of tariff, j stamps, and other forms of taxation. Tho people are with us upon this I question, which is the key-note of the* great contest of 18G8. No such suc j cess has ever attended tho inaugura? tion of any great question.