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COLUMBIA. Saturday Morning, January 26,1867 Tin- Si-i?ro ISxodns. Georgia, as well as this State, is rapidly losirjg lier freedmen; North Carolina is also suffering severely in the same way, if wc might judge from the numbers of this class which come down tho Charlotte Railroad almost daily. The Augusta Constitu? tionalist states that, if n correct census could be taken of the negro population of that State, a startling exhibit of decrease would be made manifest, and accounts for this state of things from various causes, the chief of which are epidemical dis? eases and migration to the "West and South-west. Slovenly habits, intem? perance and thriftless exposure pro? duced the one -high wages and su? perior blandishments the other. ? In a long article on this subject, tho Constitutionalist says: "While striving to the best of our means and ability to introduce a dif? ferent class of labor, we must not be blinded to the fact that a lengthened period must elapse before such labor can be made available, and, in the meantime, our grand dependence is upon our former slaves. This stub? born truth cannot be evaded, and it would be the height of folly to repel the only labor we have, without ade? quate prospects*for abettor substi? tute. The negro may be all that is claimed against him, but here he is, and we must make the best of him and his muscle. If he leave us in great numbers and abruptly, our agricultural interests must perish. Il he be persuaded to remain, time will be allowed for other experiments, and capital banked to make those experiments of some vital importance -and usc." There is much truth in the follow? ing paragraph : "Thc negro race will perish soon enough, in spite of Congress and all ita works. There is no serious dan? ger of its ruthlessly pushing the white race from power, influence or prosperity. But, while we have this people with us we must make them a benefaction to themselves and to us, by kindness, consistency und true humanitarian policies and practices." The prospect for the raising of the next crop is becoming truly alarming, and unless some measures be adopted to check this large exodus of the only labor we have, there must be much suffering and wan' in the fu? ture. Legislation, -ve fear, could do nothing to improve matters, and the subject should at once engage the serious atteution of the plant?is. Our co temporary is pained to hear that m :;,y plant?is have nut come up promptly to the consummation of last years contracts. This condition of things has bt-cii probably brought about in consequence of serions losses, through inclement and unpro? pitious seasons, but if the labor we have is worth anything it is worth even personal sacrifices to retain. Just ut this unfortunate juncture thc planter.-, .step in und, working upon the discourag ;d f? chugs of the freed? men, draw it brigid picture of Wes? tern tillage ami offer wages which prove irresistible. But in addition to all this, it would appear, front the following extracts of a letter, written by a Northern man io the Pittsfield Sun, that a ne? farious trade has sprung up, which draws oft" our labor, and is cruel to the poor deluded freedmen: "There is. one thing at tho South that has come under my notice, that is horrible. A class of men, called 'negro brokers,' who pursue a traffic which is the slave trade iu a bad form, and which could not be carried oh without the complicity of the offi? cers of the Freedmen's Bureau. They represent themselves as being plant? ers in the West of Mississippi, Ar? kansas, or sonic oilier region, and oiler negroes large wages to go with them, and they, like thc human race generally, wishing to better their con? dition, become the dupes of the broker. The latter gets fifty or a hundred blacks, as thc case may be, puts them on the train, and, after getting them well away from their humes, meets an accomplice, and, in form, sells out to him, perhaps for $10 a head. The hitter transports them still farther and sells out to an? other, and, when well back in the in? terior, ho drops them where they eau obtain work. They put in their claim for wages according t/> thc agreement of the first rascal, but no ono knows anything about that; so they have to go to work for what they can get, which is less, perhaps, than they were receiving where they were; but having no means to get buck, they are obliged to remain and make, the best of it. One of these brokers has been arrested since I came here, and tho citizens aro anxious that he should be made an example of." This opprohious conduct should be put a stop to, and we think the most effectual remedy is in the hands of the planters themselves. Kind treat? ment, good wages, and, above all, a rigid fulfillment of contracts, would probably do more to check this un? fortunate migration thar almost any Other means which might be tried. The negroes, wo believe, fcavo uo very groat deidre to emigrate, and it is tho duty of the planters of tliis and other Southern States to promote and foster thi-s home attachment by such treatment and wages as will give ita lasting vitality. If this be not dono, scarcity, if not famine, will assuredly follow throughout tbo de? serted .Southern States. -_-.-><?.- - Negro SnflYap;?'. The Louisville Journal states that General Grant said, if he was ?u Illi? nois, ho would vote against negro suffrage; if he was iu the South, he would vote for it. His argument is, that, in the South, the black voto would be controlled by tho employer. The object of tho Southern States, however, is not to secure an increased number of votes, but to preserve the worth and purity of tho ballot-box. It is not because the negro's vote would bc east against tho interests of the section or wishes of the whites; but because it would introduce into the exercise of thc franchise a largo and dangerous number of ignorant voters, controlled by their masters. If they were few, their voting would have a less corrupting influence; but as they are J nany, they would vitiate the system. If the radicals would let us alone, the Southern States would confer the ballot upon thc freedmen, upon con? ditions that the States, in their sove? reign capacity, would prescribe. According to one of our exchanges, Gov. Orr has state ! that a company, with a capital of five millions, is now formiug to commence a manufactur? ing establishment ou a large seale in this Stete. Where, when, and to whom this statement was made is not mentioned, nor is any information given as to the nature of the enter? prise about to be started with such ample means, lt is to be hup.ed, however, that the statement is cor? rect, as the use of so large a capital in any kind of manufacture will help to reconstruct our State on thc most solid foundations. Capital is one of the wants of the South, which it will be found most difficult to supply, and its advent into our midst should always he heartily welcomed. - _?^.^?_ MISSOURI.-A despatch from St. 1 Louis says motious have been made in nearly all the courts in that city ti rescind tho order requiring attorneys to take the oath. The radicals here are stunned by tho decision against it. They have not yet decided what they will do about it. Governor I Flt tob er's fri.'??I-; are greatly excited j by the letter of General Vaughan, of ? LaFayeite County, addressed to Go- I vernor Fletcher, calling him a liar, j murderer, robber and thief, and , openly accusing him of fraud in tho j sale of the Iron Mountain Railroad, i D?STITCTION rx LAXCASTEB.-Thc Lai leas! er Let {ger says : From various quarters of this Dis? trict conies up the well authenticated report that the poor are alarmingly destitute of the means of subsist? ence. Many must inevitably perish before tho close of the present winter, unless relief is obtained from some quarter beyond tho District. WHERE'S THE NIGQEB?-A radical sheet says: "We hi ve had the Republican vic? tory-now where's the nigger?" Go to your store, and you get from eighteen to twenty-five cents' worth of nigger in every yard of muslin yon buy; from ten to fifteen cents' worth of nigger in every yard of calico your wife and children use; from six to eight dollars' worth of nigger in each barrel of dour your family consumes; twenty-five ce??s' worth of nigger in each pound of coffee you purchase; from eight to twelve cents' worth of nigger in each pound of sugar you buy to sweeten it. You'll find a small bit of nigger in your box of matches, aud considerable nigger in your plug of tobacco. You eau eat nothing, wear nothing, taste nothing or have nothing that is not more or less affected by the miserable nigger ism that has controlled tho country since 'Old Abe' left Springfield for Washington." .-? <. - A new gold field of great extent has been discovered in thc Weddin Mountains, Australia, about 280 miles from Sydney, which tho Go? vernment officials ututo will give em? ployment to a large number of per? sons for tliree or four years. The sinking is about fifty feet through hard soil, and thc holes bottomed are yielding an average of five grains per dish. Greeley'? lecture In Washington. We learn, through, thc columns of tho National Intelligencer, that tue eccentric Horace delivered in Wash? ington, last week, his lecture on "The Lessons of tho Late Civil War." As ' a matter of curious information, we I present our roadcrs with the follow? ing sketch of thc main points made in his address: Among other things, he said: Battles are tho schools of the peo? ple, and civil war is the jury box mag? nified. The lessons of thc past war are to teach us how to avoid future wars, and to this end he first recoup mended a moderate expansion of ter? ritorial limits, and a concentration of power with itself. Livery nation of the continent badin time been suc? cessive teachers of this doctrine, and the result bad always been against conquest. The greatest peril of this country is the desire of acquiring new territory, and a fatal blunder ot* tho American people would, by over? whelming numbers, vote for the an? nexation of every country between thc (Juif of Mexico and Cape Horne, if called upon at the next general election. Tue lecturer next discussed the nature of the late war, and ?ts politi? cal relation to the formation of armies at home, and the gaining of sympa? thy and finances abroad, followed by local allusions to the difference of ff cling between the North and the South. Mr. Greeley thought that Wash? ington, Jefferson, Adams, and the carly founders of the Government, were responsible for the late war. lt they had, with a sense of justice, been as keen to limit the duration of slavery as they were to abolish the slave trade, thc late war would have been avoided. A State is either in or out of the Union, and if a State, there can be no such thing as constitutional amendments as tests of their loyalty. If, said Mr. Greeley, thc proposition had been originally that, if, after four years of war, the South should fail to gain a recognition, they should be permitted to resume their .-rats. he believed that there would have been no opposition to their return? ing. Thc next point was negro suffrage, the speaker urging that the negro was thc cabin boy of the ship of State, and while he lived among us, he was surely entitled to all the rights of citizenship, lint, said Mr. Gree? ley, 1 may be asked, would 1 allow my daughter to marry a negro'.-' Must the right of suffrage be confined sim? ply to those who 1 would be willing to recognize as sons-in-law? If so, I am certain the voters in this country, ns far as I am concerned, would be the most select and liuiitfrd body ever known. < bi t he .subject of reconstruction, ho j said this was a republic, and a true republic can have no subjects, any more than a true Republican can have slaves. If you ask what the condi? tion must be for the admission for I the late Confederate,- States, I would I -av. that when a black man, wearing the Federal blue, with a black skin, can travel through the South with as much impunity as a rebel in grey can through the North. 1 shall believe they are truly lit for reconstruction. fie argued that punishment for dis loyalty should bc summary and limit? ed; but when postponed, the justice ceased. The spirit of the agc is against inflicting further punishment upon the impoverished and chastened South; and, in conclusion. lie said he knew that every soldier of our victo? rious army rejoiced that not another drop of blood had been added in punishment for an evil which*at most, was but the conflict of sectional ideas. _^ ^_ THE SCPKEME ContT.-Thc Na tional Republican, the special organ of thc President, says: The Supremo Court is a lion in tho way of sonio of tho progressive radi? cals, and they are trying to invent a net in which to enmesh the danger? ous animal. Yesterday a very bril? liant proposition was made in the House by way of fettering the Court, viz: to require that, in tho adjudica? tion of any constitutional question, it shall be argued before a full bench, and no decision bo given unless the Justices are unanimous in their opinion. When Congress will cease to make laws except by a unanimous vote we, the people, will consider this proposition respecting the Su? premo Court. In order to get a unanimous Court ii will be necessary to "run" a new set, as the country housewives do their candles a mould, all alike exactly. Thc e s a difficulty in the way, however; the Court itself will pronounce this re? moulding of that bodv unconstitu? tional. Another cargo of goods for the Taris exposition is to sail from New York this week. Among the con? signments ia a richly-finished street railroad car, gotten up in the latest style of the art. This car is intended for a Bombay (India) street railroad, and stops at this Paris exposition on its way thither. It is a curious fact, that American builders have, of late, furnisher cars for street railways in cities of England, South America and Canada, and, in this brant-1: of architecture, leads the wc1 ld. $23,4-47,988.7G, is the war debt of New Jersey. Imp ruell mr nt. The Baltimore Sun eon eludes an article on this subject as follows: It is important to inquire of what high crimes anti misdemeanors tho President could be convicted? Thc answer is, that the same power which can putin motion thc impeachment, will control its decision. There aro no prescribed forms or definitions of crime to limit the articles of accusa? tion, nor auy rules of law by which to restrain and control the body having power to pas?? sentence. The court which is to try is composed, in patt, of the same ?ie n who are to de? termine apon tho prosecution-the blinded majority which is swayed through the unseen caucus. Under sueli eircnnisfcauces, arraignment is equivalent to conviction und sentence. Some few wei ks only remain of the pre-cut session. Within that period, tho necessary formalities could not bo perfected, so that tlie trial should wear that show of conformity to the law which would he expected by the American people. Tin- mind of the public, hardly ye' fully awakened to the purpose of impeachment, could not very wi ll bear tint shock of ti pre? cipitate trial; nor is it essential to the objects in view that it should take place immediately. There tire lin? gering doubts whether an impeach? ment, initiated at one Congress, would uot fail 'enies.; the trial were completed before its adjournment. For these reasons, it is expedient that the full development should :.ot take place until after the 1th of March. Then, with the same as? sumed majority ia both branches, and with thc color of popular support derived from the fact that the mem? bers of a new Congress come with the sanction of a recent election to their work, all will be ripe for the coming act of revolutionary violence. To use the language of a paper of exten? sivo circulation, now openly advo? cating the impeachment: "The es? sential demauds of this great revolution will bc met, thc Govern-! meut in all it parts respond to the voice of the people as represented in Congress, the States be reconstructed and reinstated upon the pending constitutional amendment, and a new epoch dawn upon the country with the removal of President Johnson." Such appear-; to be the position in which the momentous question stands at >p rcs ont. Our institutions have so far borne .. very strain tc which they have bee? subjected. Wc may possibly bo saved thc terrible ordeal of one branch of the Govern? ment overthrowing another, sm using the form:; of law to subvert al law and to trample upon all the jus limitations of authority. But wt will only be spared that ordeal by tin people becoming awake in time tc the dangers which threaten, and ut tering i? language too plain for doab j their condemnation of schemes whicl will reduce this country to a condi tion worse than that of Franco dur ing its fatal revolution, or more pitia hie than the stale of anarchy whicl blights the republic of Mexico. -i ^ ? i A Kill lo Prohibit ?lu- Sal?; of Mm into Si i v it ii.lt-. The following bill to oj,force tin i thirteenth amendment of the Consti tution, passed the House of Repre seutatives, last week, by a vote o loti to 'IL lt is as follows: Whereas, the Congress of th? United States, at the second sessior of the thirty-eighth Congress, pro posed to the several .Slates for adop tion the thirteenth amendment to tin Constitution of tho United States which has now, by the ratification o three-fourths of tho States of th Union, become part of tho Cousti tution, and which, by its terms, for ever prohibits slavery or involuntary servitude, "except us a punishmon for crime whereof tho party shal have been duly convicted," and Whereas, in every part of tbi Union it is asserted and maintainet that, notwithstanding said amend mont, it is lawful t<; sell or otherwisi commit into unofficial subjection ti slavery persons who may be convict ed of offences against tho law, by reason whereof certain inferior tri bunal? have adjudged free citizens o the United States to bc so dispos?e of as to re-establish chattel slaver; for life, or for years, against tin I principles of the Christian religion I of civilization, and of the Constitu I tion of thc United States, whicl now recognized no involuntary ser vitudo except to the law and to tin officers of its administration, now therefore, Bc it enacted, etc., That any pei*30i or persons who shall hereafter sell or offer for sale, or attempt to eell any person or persons whomsoever within the limits of tho United States or who shall make or issue auy orde for such sale, or who shall in any wa; participate in said sale or attempte? sale, or who shall hereafter hold ii servitude any person so s "dd, shall bi held to be guilty of a felony, am shall, on conviction thereof, be im prisoned for a period of time not ex ceediug two years, or lined in a sun not exceeding $10,000, or both, it the discretion of the Court, by whicl such offender shall bc tried. Eight Democrats voted for it. -? ? ?> The wonnd in Secretary Seward'. head, received at the time of the as sassination, has only closed over with iu a recent period. Trepanning wat impossible, owiug to its situation, oi tho side of his skull, and now, th? brain, at that point, is only protected by a thin armor of lleah. Interesting from Wanhhislon Tho special correspondent of the Baltimore Sun telegraphs, on thc 20th inst., the following: That it is tho firm purpose of thc destructives in Congress to drag An? drew Johnson from tho Executive chair, eau m> longer bc doubted by sensible nun. The Government can? not be otherwise overthrown-cxcepl ' through this means the Supreme Court cannot bc reached-neither can the exisliiig State Governments at the South bc in any other way substituted by 'satrapies appointed by Congress. To enable the revolu? tionists io accomplish their ends, such a movement is indispensable. Thc impeachment and tria1 as is plainly indicated, will be the merest mockery. I believe it was Legendre, who, in reply to a question as to the justice ol' condemning Danton, asked, in turn, if the Jacobina could afford tu lose Robespierre; and upon being responded io that the bloody work marked ont by the revolution? ists could not bo accomplished with out the aid o? tho latter, coolly tobi his questiouer that he had answered his own int'-rrogatory. "It isa mat? ter,"' said he. "with which neither law nor justice 'nus anything to do. It is purely a political question cf State necessity." Although this is precisely tin; case, with tho impending impeachment, the managers, T learn, will not dis? pense with their accustomed jug giery. Thc plan is, through thc Ju? diciary Committee, to collect from witnesses, of the type of pouover, a mass of calumnies against the Presi? dent, and spread them broad-casl over the country in a report to bi drawu up by Boutwcll, after tia fashion of his infamous array p! falsehoods and distorted facts in thc ease of Davis, 'i bis is to prepar. the way by operating upon the ere dulity of tho public for the advento liuth r on tin; 5th of March, who wii predicate Iiis promised article's of im peachment upon the evidence thu: elicited. No doubt seems to (-xis but that, thrungli the accessions ti the destructive' element by tho lab changes in members of the Senate and from tin- reinforcement of fou additional Senators "of the righ stripe" from Nebraska and Colorado that thiit body will then be in a prc per condition tu proceed to thc tri; and fully prepared promptly to rei: der the required judgment. From what is daily transpiring, :? one need doubt that the eas:) already prejudged. The speech t Sumner, last week, affords positiv proof ol' this, and the subdued toi: of those who essayed to answer hil gives melancholy evidence of a tunk itv wholly unsuited to the momen ons strike ut issue, indeed, the L*r< sident is truly unfortunate in h defenders at this great crisis, li stead of manfully repelling the a-. gressions of lani men, who ope.nl avow revolutionary purposes, ?in thus carrying "the war into Africa, I its legitimate theatre, gentlemen see: j contented to palliate acts which nc univ need no defence, but for whic the*President will finally receive tl undying gratitude of every lover < constitutional ! iw and public iiberfc; - j.. - Tl*e t'Vcfdm-.-n in Fairfield. The V."?misboro Neics, of Thurahi; says : Gen. ll. K. Scott, Assistant Csu: missioner of the Freedmen's Bureai lately issued a series of papers, ai visorily. One point was, that tl laud-owners herc should practical acknowledge the freedom of tl freedmOMtt'. If the General cou' have steffl?spon the streets of Winn boro frJSfrhe first of December uni the pi?p^tit time, ho would ha? tfound IBs,advice upon the point : ?qXtcstions^perfectly superfluous its application tu the citizens of Fai field. The fact is tho land-owners of th District have erred in concedii more freedom to tho freedmen .tin. to a white man. Here is the pro of it. In December there was strung effort by both Fair fie planters and those (or their agent from Florida, Texas and Mississipr to secure sufficient labor for lyG Tho competition was fairly carril on; so far as we know, not a sing instance occurred where the free man was not left entirely free choose employers where he prcferre But upon the first of January hu drools'pf contracts had been dosi between employer and laborer in tl District. And what fullows? Simp this-laud-owners ur their agen from other States have como ai many of those contracts have con tu grief from tho fact that thc free men have been prevailed upon go elsewhere for higher wages. Now we put this simple question all whom it may concern. If, i stead of these freedmen violatii their '"ontracts, the violation we committed by thc employer, won we not have thc Freedmen's Bure, agents down upon us like a dui upon a J line bug? Is there nu protection to tho ex ployer? He is compelled to forfeit considerable portion of his incun by such a violation of tho contrae! while tho laborer forfeits nothing. Gen. Scott makes another point bis voluntary advice. It is as to tl duty of impressing upon the free men respect for law and duty. Nc it happens that tho way things a working in this section, law and du are best respected in their violatio than in their observance. 2La<ocal Itoms. O?i; READING ROOM.-Our friends aro i vi ted to visit tho Pliienix reading room, hire they will find un file papers and rtodicald from every section of thc Union, hf building ia open day arni nigh!. HISTORICAL.- TLo futuro historian will c anxious to glean thc most correct in innation concerning Ihedesol i'iug mardi f Sherman; and especially will he look ra truthful record of the sack and de? traction of Columbia. The only true and st atement of the UT-il-ic -vont:; of thc i.;h! of the 17th February, 18G.>, will b" To TAX-I'AVKBS. -Thc following r?solu i ?ns wore passed at the last s< . i...j ..f .;u. legislature: lUsitVfd, That it is not only fair, right ool proper, hut essential lo order and fovernment, that tho payment of taxes ?vied under Act of thc Legislature at its asi regular session should he equally en 'oroed against all whit are liah!" to nav hem: therefore, /.Vsofrerf, That the Comptruller-Ci m ral lo r< quire the sheriffs of the sever ii dis rief s to enforce the collection of the tax executions against all defaulting tnx AnvKaTisKMRjcTM. -Attention ;.- ea?l : :.. the followingadvortis?.?m?ntu, which ..r publishi'd this morning for tho first impaon Earle -Fresh Croce un to Rent Apply at this 0 Ri .-cti.it ran s - Spectacles, cl; Store to Rent. Our Forests. Thc Richmond T??/i-s has ti; ? fol iowiug sensible remarks: -The wealth of the South in timber and fuel seems to bc exciting tho in? terest and cupidity of capitalists both hero and at the North. Wo have never properly appreciated the value ol'our forests, and tho first intimation that many of our large land-holders have hud of thu prolits to be deprived frojn their trees, has been conveyed to them in the oilers made by keen Yankee ship-builders and lumber-men for the privilege of using the axe upon their primeval oaks and pines. Let our owners of fores:t hinds be careful how they permit their woods to be picked and pillaged before they are aware of their proper value. The high price of fuel in all tho Northern cities is an evidence that tho locai supply of wood in that quarter, under the pressure of a dense popu? lation, is insufficient for the demand. U is well known that for years the majority of Northern locomotives have been burning coal, because of the scarcity and high price of wood. If there is anything of which we have an abundance it is wood. Let us bo admonished by tho efforts which are being made to enter our forest?, that they are valuable, and not be felled except for an adequate consideration. It takes a century to make a good tree, and an axe will de? stroy it in fifteen minutes. HELP FOE THE SOUTH.-Ail the bu mane and right-thinking persons must be glad I ; learn that Ibo sub? ject of relief for the fearful destitu? tion and suffering which exists at the Sou!b bas bee;? taken np in earnest by a number of energetic and chari? table ladies in this city. No question of politics enters int< this Christian and patriotic enter? prise. Tito ladies-among whom we may name Mrs. A. A. Low, Mrs. S. lb Chittcnden, Airs. Charles O'Conor, Mrs. Roosevelt, Mrs. C. K. Garrison and Mrs. S. L. M. Ballow-have taken a central office ?it No. ll Bond street, where contributions of dry goods, clothing, A'C., may ba sent daily, from i) a. m. to fi p. m. [New Yortt Time.;. - - ? ? - -- SUSPENDED OPERATIONS.-Ali tin rolling mills of Wheeling have sus? pended operations. By the suspen? sion, over 1,000 persons aro thrown ont of employment. The Register says: "The suspension is caused par? tially by the closing of navigation on the rivers, and partially by the de? crease in the demand for nails. It is estimated that there are at the pre? sent time over 50,000 kegs of nails now stored in Wheeling warehouses, awaiting shipment. Monday, Feb? ruary 3, i.? the day fixed upon for thc resumption of business." In a trial scene, at Louisville, Ky., the other day, a young man, named Foster, was charged with forgery. Among the witnesses was the father of the accused, who testified that the checks were forgeries. When asked if he had not paid similar checks for his son, he replied, bursting into tears, that lie had paid between $15, 000 and $18,000 for him. Tho hoart of thi! old man could stand it no longi r, being compelled to iinis make public the faults of his son. Tho scene in the court was sud and affect? ing in the extreme. ONE HUNDRED AND TntitTT-six YEAHS OLD.-"Aunt Milly," acolored woman, formely belonging to Cap? tain James M. Harris, residing near Rockfish Gap, in Nelson County, died at the residence of that gentle? man on the 7th inst., in the one hun? dred and thirty sixth year of ber age. She was boru JU H'M, in tho begin? ning of the reign of George IL She was a contcmpj:ary of Lope, Swift und Bolingbroke-though probably she never heard of them. [dliarlottesville CJtroniclc. The population of Houston, Texas, is said to bo 30,000. Ia 18C0 it had but 5,000 inhabitants.