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DAILY Daily Paper $8 a Year PH (EUX 'Let our Just Censure Attend the True Event.' Tri-Weekly $5 a Year BY JULIAN A. SELBY. COLUMBIA, S. C., TUESDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 2. 1866. VOLUME II-NO. 16^ THE PHOENIX, PCBLftSHED DAILY AND TRI-WEEKLY. rm GLEANER, EVERY WEDNESDAY MORNING. BY JULIAN A. SELBY, CITY PRINTER. TERMS-J y A D VA NOE. SUBSCRIPTION. Dailv Paper, si* months.S-J <'0 Tri-Weekly, " " . ? 50 "Weekly, " " " .1 501 ADVERTISE 31ENTS Inserted at 75 cents per square For the lirst ? Insertion, and 50 ce??s "oreach subsequent. Weekly 7"> cents each insertion. *tar A liberal discount made on the above raies when advertisements are inserted by the morUii or year. [From the United stales and European News Association.] PRESIDI JOHNSON'S MESSAGE. FELLOW-CITIZENS OF TUF. SENATE AND HOUSE or REPR?SENTATIVES : After ii brief interval, the Congross of the United Skates resumes its annual legislative labors. Au all-wise and merciful Providence has abated the pestilence which visited our shores, leaving its calamitous traces upon some portions of our country. Peace, order, tranquility and civil authority have been formally declared to exist throughout tho whole of the United States. In all of the States, civil authority has superceded the coercion of arms, and the people, by their voluntary action, "aro maintaining their Government in full activity and complete operations. The enforce? ment of the laws is no longer ob? structed in any State by combination too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceed? ings, and the animosities engendered by -tlic war are rapidly yielding to the beneficent inilucnces of our free in? stitutions, and to the kindly effects of unrestricted social and commercial intercourse. An entire restoration of fraternal feeling must be the earnest ?wish of every patriotic heart. We will have accomplished our grandest national achievement when, forget-" ting the sad events of the past, and remembering only their instructive lessons, we resume our onward ca? reer, as a free, prosperous and united people. In my message of the 4th December, lSo?, Congress was in? formed of the measures which had been instituted hythe Executive with a view to the gradual restoration of tho States, in which the insurrection occurred, to their relations with the General Government. Provisional Governors had been appointed, con? ventions called, Governors elected, and Representatives chosen to the Congress of the United States. Courts had been opened for the enforcement of laws long in abeyance; the block? ade had been removed, custom-houses re-established, and the internal re? venue put in force, in order that the people might contribute to the na? tional income; postal operations had been resumed, and efforts were being made to restore them to their former condition of efficiency. The States had been asked to take part in the high function of amending the Con? stitution, and of their sanctioning the extinction of African slavery, as one of tho legitimate results of our internecine struggle. Having pro? gressed thus far, the Executive De? partment found that it had accom? plished nearly all that was willan the scope of its Constitutional authority; one thing, however, yet remained to be done before the work of restora? tion could be completed, and that wes the admission to Congress of loyal Senators and Representatives fi om the States whose people had rebelled against the lawful authority of the General Government. This question devolved upon the respective Houses, which; by the Constitution, are made the judges of the election returns and qualifications of their own members, and its consideration at once engaged the attention of Congress. In the meantime, the Executive Department, no other plan having been proposed by Congres-, in its effort to perfect, as far as was practicable, the restoration of the proper relations between the citi? zens of the respective States, the Federal Government extended, from time to time, as tho public interests seemed to require, the judicial revenue and postal systems of the country, and with the advice and consent of the Senate, tho necessary officers were appointed and appropriations made by Congress for the payment of their salaries. The proposition to amend the Federal Constitution, so as to prevent the existenc of slavery within the United States, or any? place subject to their jurisdiction, was ratified by the requisite number of States. On tho 18th day of De comber, 1865, it was officially declar ed to have become valid us a part of the Constitution ol'thc United States. All of the States in which the insur? rection had existed, promptly amend? ed their Constitutions so us to make them conform to the great change thus effected in the organic law of i the land; declared null and void all 1 ordinances and laws of secession, re? pudiated till pretended debts and ob? ligations created for the revolutiona? ry purposes of the insurrection, and proceeded in good faith to the enact? ment of measures for th? protection and amelioration of the condition of the colored race. Congress, however, yet hesitated to admit any ot these States to representation, and it was not until towards the close of the eighth month of tho session that au exception was made in favor of Ten? nessee, by tito admission uf her Sen? ators and Representatives. I deem it a subject of profound regret that Congress has thus far failed to admit to seats, loyal Senators and Repre? sentatives from the other States, whose inhabitants, with those of Ten? nessee, had engaged in the rebellion. Ten States, more than one-fourth oi the whole number, remain without representation. The seats of fifty members in the House of Represen? tatives,'and of twenty members in thc Senate, aro yet vacant. Xot by theil own consent: not by a failure of elec? tion; but by the refusal of Congress to accept linar credentials. Theil admission, it is believed, would hav( accomplished much towards the re? moval and strengthening of our rela? tions as one people, and removed se rions cause for discontent on the par of thc inhabitants of those States It would have accorded with thc great principles enunciated in th< declaration of American independ once-that no people ought to bea: the burden ot' taxation, and yet b< denied the right pf representation It would have been in consonant with the express provisions of tin Constitution-that each State shoult have at least one representative, an? that no State, without its consent shall be deprived of its equal suffrag in the Senate. These provisions wert intended to secure to every State, ant to the people of (-very State, th right of representation in each Hons of Congress; and so important was i deemed by the framers of the Con stitution, t'that the equality of th States in the Senate should be prc served, that not even by an amend ment ot' the Constitution can an State, without its consent, be denie a voice in that branch of the Xationt Legislature, lt is true, it has bee assumed that the existence ot* th States was terminated by the rebe' lions acts of their inhabitants, an 'that, the insurrection having bee suppressed, they wen; thenceforwar to be considered merely as conquere territories. The legislative, exect tive, and judicial departments of th Government have, however, wit great distinctp.ess and uniform coi sistency, refused to sanction a assumption so incompatible wit the nature of our Republican systeu and with the professed objects of th war, throughout the recent legislatio of Congress, the undeniable fa< makes itself apparent, that these te political communities are nothin less than States of this Union. A the very commencement of the rebe lion, each House declared, with unanimity tis remarkable as it wt significant, that the war was nc waged upon our part in any spirit c oppression, nor Tor any purpose ( conquestor subjugation, nor pnrpos of overthrowing or interfering wit the rights or established institutioi of those States, but to defend an maintain the supremacy of the Coi stitution, and till laws made in pu suance thereof, and to preserve tl Union with all the dignity, equalil and rights of the several Statesunin paired; aud that as soon as these ol jects were accomplished, the wi ought to cease. In some instance Senators were permitted to contint their legislative functions, while : other instances, representatives we: elected and admitted to their sea after their States had formally d dared their right to withdraw fro the Union, and were endeavoring \ maintain that right by force of arm All of the States whose people we in insurrection ns States, were i: eluded in the apportionment of tl direct tax of ?20,000,000 annual laid upon the United States by tl Act approved August 5, 1861. Co gress, by the Act of Mareil 4, 18(5 ?md by tho apportionment of repr seutatiou thereunder, also recognize their presence as States in theUnio and they have, for judicial purpose been divided into districts as Stat alone can be divided. The same i cognition appears in the recent legi fation in referenco to Tenncsse which evidently rests upon the fa that the functions of the State we not destroyed by the rebellion, b merely suspended; and that print plo is, of course, applicable to tho States which, like Tennessee, attempt ed to renounce their places in the Union. The action of the Executive Department of the Government upon this subject has been equally definite and uniform, and the purpose of the war was specifically stated* in the pro? clamation issued by my predecessor, on the 22d of September, 1862. It ? was then solemnly proclaimed and j declared that hereafter, as heretofore, the war will be prosecuted for the ob? ject of practically restoring the Con [ stitutional relation between the I United States and each of thc States, j and the people thereof, in which States that relation is, or may be, suspended or disturbed. The recog? nition of the States by the Judicial Department of the Government has also been clear and conclusive in all proceedings affecting them as States, had in the Supreme, Circuit and Dis? trict Courts. In the admission of Senators and Representatives from any and all of the States, there can be no just ground of apprehension that persons who arc disloyal will be clothed with the powers of legisla? tion, for this could not happen when the Constitution and thc laws are en? forced by a vigilant and faithful Con? gress. Each House is made tho judge of the election returns and qualifications of its own members, and may, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member. When a Senator or Representative presents his certificate of election, he may at once be admitted or rejected; or should there bc any question as to his eligibility, his credentials may be referred for investigation to the kapprooriate committee. If admitted to a seat, it must be upon evidence, satisfactory to the House of which he thus becomes a member, that he pos? sesses ;he requisite constitutional and legal qualifications. If refused ad? mission as a member, for want of dm allegiance to thc Government, ami returned to his constituents, they arc admonished that none but person.' loyal to the United States will be al lowed a voice in the legislative coan cils of the nation; and the pol?tica power and moral influence of Con gress are tints effectively exerted ii the interests of loyalty to the Go vernment and fidelity to the Union Upon this question, so vitally affect ing the restoration of thc Union aut the permanency of our present forn of Government, my convictions here tofore expressed have undergone n< change; but, on the contrary, thei correctness has been confirmed b; reflection and time. If* the admission of loyal members to seats in the rc spective Hous:sof Congress was wis and expedient a year ago, it is no les wise and expedient now. If. tin anomalous condition is right now-i in the exact condition of those State* at the present time, it is lawful t exclude them from representation, do not see that the question will b changed by the efflux of time. Te years hence, if these States romain a they are, tho right of represeiitatio will be no stronger-the right ot es elusion will be no weaker. The Coi. stitution of the United Statt makes it the duty of the Presider to recommend to the consider; tion of Congress such measure as he shall judge necessary or expi dient. I know of no measure mor imperatively demanded by every coi sideration of naiional interest, soun policy and equal justice, than til admission of loyal members from no unrepresented States. This woul consummate the work of restoratioi and exert a most salutary influenc in the re-establishment of peace, ha: mony, and fraternal feeling, would tend greatly to renew the coi iidenee of thc American people i the vigor and stability of their inst tntious. It would bind us moi closely together as a nation, and ei able us to show to thc world the ii herent and recuperative powers of Government founded upon the will < the people and established upon tl principles of liberty, justice and ii tclligence. Our increased streng! and enhanced prosperity would irr fragibly demonstrate the fallacy i the arguments against free institi tiona, drawn from our recent nation disorders, by tho enemies of republ can government. The admission loyal members from the States no excluded from Congress, by allayii doubt and apprehension, would tm capital, now awaiting an opportuni for investment, into the channels trade and industry. It would alle\ ate the present troubled condition those States; and, by inducing en gration, aid in the settlement of ft tile regions now uncultivated, ai lead to an increased production those staples which have addi so greatly to the wealth the nation and tho commerce of t world. New fields of onterpri would be opened to our progressi people, and soon tho devastations war would be repaired, and all trac of our domestic differences effac from tho minds of our country me In our efforts, to preserve the unity of i Government, which constitutes us oue people, by restoring thc States to the condition which they held prior to the rebellion, we should be cau? tious lest, having rescued our nation from perils of threatened disintegra- ! tion, we resort to consolidation, and in the end absolute despotism. As a j remedy for tho recurrence of similar troubles, the war having terminated, and with it all occasion for the exer? cise of powers of doubtful constitu? tionality, we should hasten to bring legislation within thc boundaries pre? scribed by the Constitution, and to return to thc ancient land-marks established by our fathers for the guidance of succeeding generations. The Constitution, which, at any time, exists until changed by any explicit and authentic act of the whole peo? ple, is sacredly obligatory upon all. If, in the opinion of the people, the distribution or modification of thc Constitutional powers bc, in any par? ticular wrong, let it be corrected by an amendment in the way in which the Constitution designates; but let therebe.no change by usurpation, for it is tho customary weapon by which free Governments arc destroy? ed. Washington spoke these words to his countrymen, when, followed by their love and gratitude, he voluntarily retired from the cares of public life. To keep in all things within the pale of our constitu? tional powers, and cherish the Federal Union as thu only rock of safety, were prescribed by Jeffer? son as rules of action to endear his countrymen to the true principles of their Constitution, and promote a union of sentiment and action equally auspicious to their happiness and safely. Jackson held that the action of the General Government should always bo strictly confined to thc sphere of its appropriate duties, ant" justly and- forcibly urged that om Government is not to be maintained nor our Union preserved by invasion: of the rights and powers of the sevc ral States. In thus attempting t< niakc our General Governmen strong, we make it weak. Its tm strength consists in leaving indivi duals and States as much as possibL to themselves; in making itself felt not in its power, but in its beniti ceuce; not in its control, but in it protection; not in binding the State more closely to thc centre, but leav ing each to move unobstructed in it proper constitutional orbit. Thcs are the teachings of men whose deed and services have made them illus trions, and who, long since, h av withdrawn from the scenes of lift have left to their country the ric legacy of their examples, their wi; dom and their patriotism. Drawin fresh inspiration from their lesson: let us emulate them in love of com try and respect for the Constitutio and the laws. The report of tho Secretary of tl; Treasury alfords much informatio respecting the revenue and common of the country. His views upon tl currency, and with reference to proper adjustment of our revem system, internal as well as impost, a: commended to thc careful consider tion of Congress. In my last annu message, I expressed my gener views upon these subjects. I nen now only call attention to the nece sity of carrying into every depai ment of the Government a system rigid accountability, thorough r trenchment and wise economy. Wi no exceptional nor unusual expent tures, the oppressive burdens of tax tion can be lessened by such a mot fication of our revenue laws as w be consistent with the public fai and the legitimate and necessa wants of the Government. The i port presents a much more satisfy tory conditio i of our finances ilw one year ago, the most sanguine cou have .anticipated. During the fisc year ending the 30th June, 18(i5, t last year of the war, the public de was increased 8941,902,537, and, i the 31st of October, 18G5, it amount to 82,740,854,750. Ou the 31st d of October, lb?ti, it had been rcduc to 82,551,310,000; tho diminutic during a period of fourteen monti commencing September 1, 1SG5, a ending October ol, 1SG0, having be 8200,379,505. In the last annual : port on the state of tho finances, was estimated, during the thn fourths of the fiscal year ending t 30th of June last, the debt would increased $112,194,947. During tl period, however, it was reduced 83 19L?,J87; thc receipts of the y< having been 889,805,905 more, a thc expenditures 8200,529,235 le than the estimates. Nothing cot more clearly indicate, than th? statements, tho extent and avai bility of the national resourc und the rapidity and safety w which, under our form of gove: ment, great military and naval esti lishments can bo disbanded, and i penses reduced from a war to a pet footing. During the fiscal year ei ing thc 30th of June. 18GG, the re-1 ceipts were $558,032,620, ami the ex- i penditures 8520,750,940; leaving an available surplus of $37,281,6S0. If is estimated tljat the receipts for the fiscal vear ondina: 30th June, 1867, will he* $475,061,380, and that the ex? penditures will reach the sum of 8316,428,078, leaving in the Treasury a surplus of $158,633,308. Fer the fiscal year ending June 30, 1808, it is estimated that tin; receipts wiil amount to $130,000,000, and tba? the expenditures will be $350,247,641; showing au excess of $85,752,359 in favor of the Government. These es? timated receipts may be diminished by a reduction of excise and import duties; but after all necessary reduc? tions shall have been made, the reve? nue of ?the present and of following years will doubtless be sufficient to cover all legitimate charges upon the Treasury, and leave a large annual surplus to bc applied to the payment of the principal of the debt. There seems now to be no good reason why taxes may not be reduced as the coun? try advances in population and wealth, and yet the debt be extin? guished within tho next quarter of a century. The report of the Secretary of War furnishes valuable and impor? tant information in reference to thc operations of his Department during the past year. Few volun? teers now remain in the service, and they are being discharged as rapidly as they can be replaced by regular troops. The army has boen promptly paid, carefully provided with medical treatment, well sheltered and subsisted, and is to be furnished with breach-loading small arms. The military strength of the natiou has been unimpaired by the discharge of volunteers-the disposition of unservicable or perish? able stores, and the retrenchment of expenditure. Sufficient war material to meet any emergency has boen re? tained, and from the disbanded vol? unteers, standing ready to respondi? the national call, large armies can be rapidly organized, equipped and con? centrated. Fortifications on the coast and frontier have received and ave being prepared for more powerful ar? maments. Lake surveys, and harbor and river improvements, aro in course of energetic prosecution. Pre? parations have been made for thc payment of the additional bounties authorized during the recent session of Congress, under such regulations as will protect the Government from fraud, and secure to the honorably discharged soldier the well-earned re? ward of his faithfulness and gallant? ry. More than six thousand maimed soldiers have received artificial limbs, or other surgical apparatus, ami forty-one national cemeteries, con? taining the remains of 101,526 Union soldiers, have already been establish ed.( The total estimate of military appropriations is $25,205,609. Ith stated in the report of the Secretary of the Navy, that the naval foret at this time consists of 278 vessels armed with 2,351 guns. Of these. 115 vessels carrying 1,029 gnus, art in commission, distributed chiefly among seven squadrons. The num ber of men in the service is 13,600 Great activity and vigilance havt been displayed by all the squadrons, and their movements have been judi ciously and efficiently arranged ii such manner as would best pro mote American commerce, and pro tect the rights arid interests of ou countrymen abroad. The vessels un employed aro undergaing repairs, o? are laid up u ntii their services ma] be required. Most of the iron-clad flee is at League Island, in the vicinity o Philadelphia; a place which, until de cisive action should be taken by Con gress, was selected by the Secretary o tho Navy as the most eligible locatioj for that class of vessels. It is im portant that a suitable public statioi should be provided for the iron-cla< fleet. It is intended that these ves sels shall be in proper condition fo any emergency, and it is desirabl that the bill accepting League Islan for naval purposes, which passed th House of Representatives at its las session, should receive final action a an early period, in order that thor may be a suitable public station fo this class of vessels, as well as a nay yard of area sufficient for the want of the service on the Delaware River Tho naval pension fund amounts V $11,750,000, having been increase! $2,750,000 during the* year. Th expenditures of tho department io the fiscal year ending 30th June las were $13,324,526, and the estimate for thc coming year amount to $23, 568,436. Attention is invited to th condition of our seamen, and th importance of legislative measure for their relief and improvement Tho suggestions in behalf of thi deserving class of our fellow-citizen uro earnestly recommended to th favorable attention of Congress. The report of the Postmastei General presents a most eatisfactor condition of thc postal service and submits recommendations which de? serve the consideration of Congress. The revenues of the department for the year ending June 30, 1866, were 814,386,986, and the expenditures 815,352,079, showing an excess of the latter of $965,093. In anticipation of this deficiency, however, a special appropriation was made by Congress in the Act approved July 28, I860. Including the standing appropriation of 8700,000 for free mail matter as a legitimate portion of the revenues yet remaining unexpended, the actual deficiency for the past year is only 8205,003; a sum within 851,141 of the amount estimated in the annual report of 1864. The decrease of revenue, compared with the previous year, was one and one-fifth per cent., and tho increase of expenditures, owing principally to the enlargement of the mail service in the South, was twelve per cent. On the 30th of June last, there were in operation 0,930 mail routes, with an aggregate lengthy of 180,921 miles in aggregate, until transportation of 71,837,014 miles, and an aggregate annual cost, includ? ing expenditures, 88,410,184. Thc length of railroad routes 32,092 miles, and the annual transportation is 30, 009,467 miles. The length of steam? boat routes is 14,346 miles, and the annual transportation 300,411, 962 miles. The mail service is daily increasing throughout the whole country, and its steady extension in the Southern States, indicates their constantly improving condition. The growing importance of foreign service also merits attention. Tho post office department of Great Britain and our own have agreed upon a preliminary basis for a new postal convention, which it is believed will prove emi? nently beneficial to the commercial interests of the United States, inas? much as it contemplates a reduction of internal letter postage to one-half the existing rates; a reduction of postage with ail other countries to and from which correspondence is transmitted in the British mail, or in closed mails, through the United Kingdom; the establishment of uni? form and reasonable charges for the sea and territorial transit of corres? pondence in closed mails, and au al? lowance to each post oflico depart? ment of the right to use all mail com? munications established under the authority of the other for thcdesi)atch of correspondence, either in open or closed mails, on the same terms as those applicable to the inhabitants of the country providing the means of transmission. The report of the Secretary of the Interior exhibits the condition of those branches of the public service which are committed to his supervi? sion. Duringthe last fiscal year,4,029, 312 acres of public land were disposed of; 1,892,516 acres of which were entered under the Homestead Act. Thc policy originally adopted relative to the public land has undergone sundry modifications. Immediate revenue and not their rapid settle? ment was the cardinal feature of our . land system. Long experience and earnest discussion have resulted in the conviction that the early development; of our agricultural resources and the diffusion of au energetic population over our vast territory, are objects of far greater importance to the national growth and prosperity, than the pro? co?.]., of tho saie of the land to the highest bidder in open market. The pre-emption laws confer upon tho pioneer, who complies with the terms they impose, the privilege of pur? chasing a limited portion of unoffered linds at the -minimum price. * Tho homesteud grants relieve the settler from payment of purchase money, and secure him a permanent homo upon the condition of residence for a term of years. This liberal policy invites emigration from the old and from the more crowded portions of the new world. Its propitious re? sults are undoubted, and will be mere signally manifested when time shall have beeu given to its wider develop? ment. Congress has made liberal grants of public lands to corporations in aid of tho constructions of rail? roads and other internal improve? ments. Should this policy hereafter prevail, more stringent provisions will 1)0 requireel to secure a faithful appli? cation of the funds. The title to the lands should not pass by patcut or otherwise, but remain in the Govern? ment, and subject to its control. Some portion of the road has been actually built; portions of them might, then, from time to time, be conveyed to the corporation; but never in a greater ratio to the whole quantity embraced by the grant than the completed parts bear to the entire length of the projected improvement. This restriction would not operate to tho prejudice of any undertaking con? ceived in good faith and executed with reasonable energy, as it is the settled practice to withdraw from market the lands falling within tho