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JCOLITMBIA/ Monday Morning, Aug. 28, 1865 Cotton-Its Value. Everyday's exp?rience satisfies, more and more, that the estimated amount of cotton in tho Southern States has been grossly exaggerated. Some iwc months ago we were censured for giv? ing tho cotton quotations in Columbia at 30 cents. By whom were we cen? sured ? By Yankee speculators, sent hero with all expedition, to buy cot? ton a^low as possible. They suc? ceeded. They bought from some of bur farmers, who needed money and ?had *to sell, at prices ranging from 12>? to 15 cents. They expostulated with us ,then for saying that every pound of this cotton was worth ait least thirty cents. We told them then, as our readers "will remember, that there was always a material difference in the estimates of buyer and seller . we said: ''Our people are the sellers you ard the buyers-the speculators, or buyer?, must take care of them? selves-wo will do* our best to take care of our own people." Your cotton is your specie. It is valuable. Do not suffer yourself to bc swindled out of it. Get for it as much as you c?n You will "need all you can get. In the C|se of a country so dreadfully impov? erished as ours, wc cannot afford to be swindled. Every dollar that is made by the speculators, is lost to the South. Every cent additional that you can make is st) much clear gain to the South, and it is our policy to save to our section all that we can, from thc small resources loft us." Well, what is the condition of things now. Cotton is over thirty cents. It will be still higher. We would not take ? less than fifty cents, in greenbacks, for any cotton of fair quality that we had to sell. Wo only wish that we had one thousand bales. Do not heed any reported fluctuations in tho cotton market. These'are more shows de? vised by the .speculators. Hold on fri your cotton. Get thc best prices. Keep the money in the country. So shall you be enabled to replenish your I stocks; to restock your' farms and plantations; to buy mules and horses and implements; to put yourselves above waut and starvation. Another year and there will be very little cot? ton any where to sell. Before Janu? ary this fact will begin to bc apparent. The consumers will discover not onhjf that there is a smaller supply in the j country than has been reported, but that, during the present year, the quantity, raised will be purely nominal. Tn a few months more-thanks to abo? litionism-they will discover that the prospect of cotton raising for the fu " ture is utterly ?one unless wo can pro? cure labor from Europe, for our mid- | die and upper Countries. In those regions, with European labor, we jnay hopo to make a fair amount of cot? ton-vastly less than of (dd-but still better than the present. We give up ? all calculations of cotton, based, in the future; upon negro labor: Most of tiie negroes on the plantations are luxuriating in dreams of sybaritic life j inthecit?es and along the coast. As for tho rice culture-thc; get urns of this very season will save us thc ne? cessity of any comment upon its pros? pects. Negro SiiiFruge-?orfll and South. As tho case stands at present,, suf? frage is accorded in few States of the ! North to the negroes ofthat region. I Our conservative, friends at the North I have planted themselves on this ground: They say it is absurd and in? solent, on the part of the North, to in? sist upon negro suffrage at the South while denying it in the Northern States. Suppose that, resolved on subjecting thc South to this humilia? tion, they proceed to accord suffrage to tho negroes *of their own States. This will be a frand and delusion. The negroes in tho Northern States constitute so small an integral of thc population that they cannot, by any possibility, effect tho returns, or in? fluence tho vote of the white bodj politic. They are but a drop in the bucket. Tho matter will bo more fccrious in thc South, where tho negroes constitute* so large a. por- ? tion of the people. In some of the States, thej? are, in numbers, the as? cendant population. Iii ?di of them, from the inequalities of whites and bltieks, in different counties, the con? test between the two classes may not only be of dangerous results, but may end in the elevation of tho inferior race,flacking all education, all culture, all intellect, all morals, an ck> de gradin g to any Legislature or Congress in which they may'appear. Take the ease of South Car .lina. According to the census of lKOO, the number ol* Districts in South Carolina in which thc white race preponderates, is but ten', that in which thc black prepon? derates isttcenti/. Beaufort, for exam? ple, which contained a choice white population of the first .intellect and : finest manners, a people of great re. finement, high culture and exquisite courtesy, numbers but 0,714 whites agaidst 33,339 blacks: Charleston it? self contained but about 30,000 whites to 40,001) blacks; Abbeville about, 12,000 whites to 20,000 blacks; Colle ton 10,000 whites to 'kl.ooo blacks; Edgefield 16,000 whites to 24,000 blacks, ?ve. Now, these figures aro scarcely correct in their details. The disproportion wc, believe to lie less great, but it is still suilieiently so to put the whit,)' at the mercy of the black race, if the Abolitionists ure to have their own way. Ami of like sort is tho relative compulation sn Georgia, Alabama. Mississippi, ?fr. What, then, is thc prospect for white <?r human civ- I ilization, if President Johnson is not sustained in bis efforts to keep in tin ir present relations the relative status of whites and blacks* Lot the radicals trinmphin their policy, and the expa? triation of the white race must Follow*. We must all-go into exile. The South must be abandoned to tho negro. The few districts and counties in which thc white population preponderates, must , be overwhelmed by the neighboring sections, flooded With blacks, a.id what follows from the possesion of the coun? try by the negro? Justice Ch:-;-.- fan? cies tiie establishment ?d' ? beautiful race, cut in ebon;,-, in which aristocra? cy, chivalry, and a tar higher and purer civilization aro to grow, which will | throw tho doings of' the white vulgar j Democracy entirely into the shade; | and cotton, and rice, and tob.?eeo, and ! the sugar cane are all io (!i)i;*?sh i'mder the perfect labor syst' m which is to re? sult from tin? de viii ?pmentof this favor? ed race. Wo augur differently. We seo nothing from thc ?condition of things but barbarism, the utter waste ol' the country, savagism, vagabondism, li- | cense, the utter destruction of all our i staples, and the festering of the South as an incubus upon the neck of the ! 'North, to be the punishment forever for her folly, fanaticism and the ?u rn- j liar morals of New England. COTTON- CIT.TI mr. IN TAI rm.- The! Paris Moniten* <h: la Flott?, publishes a j letter from Tahiti, of the Isl of April, j which gives a very favorable account of the progress of cotton planting in .?hat island. One planter has cleared j and planted 2?0 aeres, at which ne | employ's 000 lal ?orel's. To render tho cultivation of cotton more easy, the planter divided his farm int?? squares of ten a -res each byi ross roads, w hich separate each row of cotton plants by a distance of two yards. The cotton seed was purchased in Liverpool, and sown in September and October, lt succeeded wonderfully well, the crop being abundant and of'the finest quality. Thc cultivation of cotton is not the sole occupation ol* tlic Euro? pean colonists. While the plains near thc sea are planted wirb cotton, a source of great wealth !:us leen dis? covered in the vallovs by which the mountains aro divided within about five%nilos from the shore. ,A oompany has undertaken to grow coffee, in thc valleys,? from?whi<Mi they expect to d'-rive an iuiiSLcnse profit, as the con? sumption of codee, is making great progress in the island. The Prussian three-masted ship Ferdinand Brumm had arrived at Tahiti with 330 Chinese laborers. The Governor bad provided for their reception, and they appeared to be quite happy. A Countess, living in a fashionable quarter of London, was recently fined five shilling by a magistrate for be ing drunk and disorderly. Among the latest additions to the company at Montreal were Comman? der Wilkinson, of the Tallahasse, and ?Taylor Wood, a former commander of thu same. Ladies patronize the faro banks at Saratoga, tins summer. It is the latest "foreign fashion" from the German watering places. s ' ' FiDiiiliar Q,??tations.. % . There are many phrases and quota? tions which are as "familiar in our mouths as household Words," whoso origin is either unknown or miscon? ceived, and without encroaching upon the sphere of the works devoted to this purpose, we may mention a few of them : "There is death in the pot," is from the Bible, 2 Kings iv., 40. "Lovely and pleasant in their lives, and in death they were not divided," is spoken of Saul and Jonathan, 2 Samuel, i., 23. "A man after his own bea vt," 1 Samuel, xiii., 14. "The apple of his eye," Deuteronomy, xix., 21. ."A still small voice," 1 Kings, xix., 12. * Escaped with the skin of my teeth," Job, xix., 2th? "That mino adversary had written a hook," Job, xxL, 30. "Spreading himself like a green bay tree," Psalm xxxvii., 35. "Hanged our harps upon the willows," Psalm exxxvii., 2. "Riehes certainly make (-not take, as it is often quoted) theuiselv&i wings," Proverbs, xxiii., 5. "Heap coals of tire upon his head," Ibid, xxv., 22. "No new thing und -r the sun." Ecclesiastes, i., 9. "Of making.man y books there is no end," Ibid, xii., 12. "Peace, peace, when !'.lu re is no peace," (made famous by Pat lick Ibnry) Jeremiah, viii., ll. "My name is L?gion." Mark, v., "Tokickugidnst'thepricks," Acts-, ix., 5. "Make; a virtue of necessity," Shakspeare's Two Gentlemen of Ve? rona. "All that glitters is iud. gold."' usually quoted "Ail ia not gold that glitdHf" Merchant of Venice. "Screw your courage to the sticking place," (not point) Macbeth. "Make assu? rance doubly sure," Mac be th. "Hang ?oui your banners on the outward (not oulf?r) walis," [bid. "Keep the word of jiromi.se io our (not thc) ear, but hreaK it to our h upc," Ibid. "It is an iii wind turns none to good," usually quoted "It's an ill wind that blows no oneariy good," Tlrumas Teaser, 1.58!). "Christmas comes but once a year," Ibid. "Look, ere yon leap," Ibid. "Look before you. ere yon leap," commonly quitted ..Look before you leap," Hr.ilibras. "Out of mind as soon as out of sight," usually quoted "Out of sight out of mind," Lord Brooke. "W hat though the field be lost, all is not lost," Milton. "Awake, arise, or be forever fallen," Ibid. "Nectssity tl io tyrant's plea," Ibid. "That old man,* eloquent," Hud. "Peace hath her victories," Ibid. "Though this mav be play to you, 'tis death to us," LiogerL'Estrange, 1804. "All erv and no wool," (not little wool) llud?bras. "C. tint t'ieir chickens ere (not ix fore) they're hatched," Ibid. "Through thick .and thin," Dryden. ..When Creeks joined Greeks, then was the tug of war," usually quoted ..When. Greek meets Greek, then comes tin-tug of war," Nathaniel Lee, lo'?2. "Of two evils, I have chose th? least," Prior. ^"Richard is himseli again," Colby Gibber. "Upper ten thousand," N. ?'. Willis. "Classit ground." Addison. "As clear as a whistle," Byron, 17(53. 'A fellow feeling makes one (ind MS) wondrous kind." Burns. "A good hater," John soniana. "My name is Norval," John Home, 1S0S. "Ask me nd questions, and I'll tel! you no fibs," Goldsmith. "Not mindi the worse for wear," (not //.>,.-. the worse) Cowper. "What wit Mrs. Gnublay say." Thomas Morton. "Mo pent up Utica contracts youl powers," Jonathan M. Sewell. "Hat! given hostages io fortune," Bacon, "His (God's) imago cut in ebony," Thofhus Puller. "Wise and masterly inactivity," Mackintosh, in 171)1? but generally attributed to Randolph "First in war, lirsi in peace, and firs' in tho hearts of his fellow-citizens.' (not countrymen) resolutions present ed to House of Representatives, De comber, 17'.*'..', prepared by Genera Henry Lee. "Millions for defence but nol uno cont !\->r tribute," Charlo ('. Pinch M ey. "Th8 almighty dollar,' Washington riving. ".Vs good us ? play," King Churlos, when in Purlin tneui at teliding the discussion of Lon Kos. .' Divorce I Jill. "Selling a bar gain," ii in Lov< i's Labor Lost. "Pas and lo ?se, "'Ibid. "Pumping a mau,' Ot way's Venice Preserved. "In th wrong- box," POM'S Martyrs. "G> snacks," Pope's Prologue to Satires "To lanni in thc sensu of to heat, King .t ul No King, by Beaumont am Fletcher. Tile hackneyed newspnpe Latin quotation "'frntpora mutantui Dime! mu!: i mai' in .7is not foui? in any classic or Latin author. Th nearest approach to it was "Omni mnlaitlur,"' etc., and this is found i lionrbonius, n German writer of th middle-ag s. "Smelling of the lamp, is to be found in Plutarch, and is thor attributed to Pythias. "A little bir told me," conies from Ecclesiastes, x "For a bird of tho air shall carr the voici?, and that which hath wing shall tell the matter." "Ho that iiviiits and runs away, ?lay live to light an..;her day.'' These lines, usually ascribed 1 Hudibras, arc really much older. They are to be foiind in a book published in 165G. Tho same idea is, however, expressed in n couplet published in 1542, while one of tho few fragments of Menander, thc Greek writer, that have been preserved, embodies the same idea in a sjjigle hue. The couplet in Hudibras is: "For those that fly may fight again, Which ho cttu never do that's slain." .'Heil is paved with good^uten tious," though found in Johnson and Herbert, was obviously in their day a proverbial exptession. Walter Scott ascribes it to "some stern old divine." "There's a good time coming,'" is an expression used by Sir Walter Scott in Hob Hoy, and has doubtless for a long; time been a familiar saying in Scotland. ltErepuil cohf uhuen, sce?j trunique tyrannic," was a line upon Franklin, written by Turgot, the Mi? nister of Louis XVI. It is, however, merely ti modification of a line by Cardinal Polignac, "J?ripttU que Jori fuluo:ri. Phd'boque sagitas," which, in turn, was taken from a line of Marcus M. uillus, who says of Epicurus, ? ?Eripuitque Jori fairnea, riresque' To .rnnti." "Vox pop ali, vox Did." The 'origin of this familiar phrase is not known, but it is quoted as a proverb by William of Malmesbury, who lived in the early part of the twelfth centu? ry. "Ult hita red io region." This motto was engraved on "the French cai Tuon by order of Louis XVI. "Whistling girls and crowing hens, Always <IIi'. to some bad end.'' ly ono of the curious Chinese books recently translated and published in Paris, this proverb occurs in substan? tially the same words. It 4s also an injunction of the Chinese priesthood, and a carefully observed household custom, to kill immediately every hen that crows, ns a preventive against tho misfortune \\hieb the circumstance is supposed to indicate. The same prac? tice prevails throughout many portions of the United States. NORTHERN ACCOUNT OP AFFAIRS IX SOUTH CAROLINA..The. New York Herald learns from its Charleston cor? respondent that "very little attention has boon paid by the army officers to the demands of Governor Perry's ? j vii appointees for a surrender to them of superior control in tho administration of affairs, and the Palmetto State still romains uuder military rule. There has boon no actual collision, but con? siderable disagreement and lack of co? operation between the civil and mili? tary ahthorities. Gen. Gilhnore, \rlio recently returned to Charleston from his tour through the interior and con? ference with Gov. Perry, is represent? ed as stating that, the military will maintain direction of affairs until the regular State Government is organiz? ed. Slime progress bas boon made towards the election of delegates to tho Constitutional Convention." The same correspondent goes on to say: "It is wrong to suppose, as al? leged by some letter writers, that there is at the South a general feeling of hostility towards the blacks. Tiny may act in such a manner as to create such a feeling; but at present it does not exist. We know that there is an earnest desire for their welfare, and a sincere reglet that they are not educa? tionally and mentally prepared for tho freedom so suddeuly thrust upon thom. As it is, liberty with them too oftens runs into licentiousness; and wc are certain that in the npheavings of our social fabric, under the transitions of the past few months, tho white race has thus far been tho chief suf? ferer, but hus nobly and without a murmur stood thc shook, and done its full duty kindly and faithfully to those so long accustomed toits care." CHAMP FEROUSON IN* MISSOURI.- A St. Louis correspondent of the Chi? cago Tr i iiiuie says: Accounts aro received from the inte? rior daily of difficulties between loyal men and returned rebels. It is cur? rently reported that there aro many casesof shooting returned rebels which aro never printed. The perpetrators do not report such incidents, and tho fricnds'ol the victim deem it inexpe? dient generally to make any noise on the subject. And yet tho St. Louis Republican, a thoroughly radical paper, comments as follows on this statement: It is but fair and true to say that the rebels who have returned to Mis? souri have generally conducted them? selves in the most unexceptionable manner. It is true, too, that some of them have been killed, and that many of them have boen driven out of tim State. Of tho death and banishment of these men the public hears but lit? tle. No matter how unprovoked may be tho homicide which ends their days; no matter if it amounts to a cool and cruelly barbarous murder, the friends of the murdered man, as this corres? pondent admits, think it "inexpedi? ent" to*%ay anything about-it. Local Items. --- - To insure insertion, advertisers r.rc re? quested to bund in their notices before 4 o'clock p. m. CLOTHING.-Thc attention of those need? ing clothing, Ac, is directed to thc adver? tisement of Messrs. lt. ?V, W, C. SwaOield, in this morning's paper. Give thoura call. Nirw Ax>VEKTisE3rENTS.- -Attention is called to tho following advertisements, which aro published for the first time this morning: S. Maupin-Universitv of Virginia. Change of Schedule ol NV. it .?. lt. B. H. S. Thompson-Male Academy. Jacob Levin-Wine and Ale. " " -Variety Sale. Solidlev House - Furniture for Sale. lt. & \V. C. Swaltield-- New doods. Simons' it Kerrison-New Goods. CONFISCATED AND ABANDONED LANDS. Tko following extract from a circular recently issued by the appropriate bureau will bo read with interest' All confiscated and abandoned lands and other confiscated and abandoned' lauds that now are, or that may here? after come under the control of tho Bureau of Uefugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, by virtue- of said Acts und sections t>f Acts and orders <d' the President, are, ?md ??hall be, set apart for the use of kryal refugees and freedmen, and so much tts may bo necessary assigned to them, as pro? vided in section four ot the Act < s t tublishing tho bureau, vii:: "To< very muleeiti;-.( n, whether ref ug< e or freed? man, as aforesaid, there shall bc as? signed not more than forty acres of such mud, and tho pr-rs-,^1 to whom it was so assigned shall !><. protected io the usc and eu joy mont of tin-land for the term of three years, at an annual rent not exceeding six percent, upon tho value of stich land, as it was ap? praised by tho Slate in the year lXtjO, ?or tito purpose of taxation; and in case no such appraisal can be fouie.!, then the rental shall be based upon the estimated value of the land in said year to be ascertained in sv-'i manner as the commissioner may by regulation pruccribe, .\t, the cud o? sui? latona, or darin;;- auygpart of said term, the occupants of any parcels so assigned may purchase the land, and receive such title thereto as the United States eau convey, upon paying there? for the value of the lam I as ascertained und fixed for the,purpose of ascertain? ing the annual rent abu-.'..aid." TUE DI:Y Toirrr?AS.- Tv (If Edllvr* if thii Ureiiiiiy l'ont: j have been taught to believe that editors Know, if not everything? at least a little *of every? thing. I therefore beg leave to in? quire about the Dry Tortugas. I am aware that they exist at soma "jump? ing ot! place" not far from Key West. What are the productions ? Low do the unfortunates living there manage to exist ? Can they earn the means of subsistence, or do they live in idl; ness? Bow are they withheld from escaping, and what protection hnvu they from the clements? Can they have any communication with tho outside world? A small, ray of light from the editorial pen would prove a Sourer/ of knowledge and gratification to many, but particularly to au old patron and constant reader. JULIA. Thorn are several islands bearing, the nani'- of Tortuga. The brui is Spanish, and signifies a tortoise. Tho "Dry Tortugas" constitutes an island group and bankin the Gulf of Mexico, about one hundred and twenty miles west of Cape Sable, in Florida. There are ten islets or keys in all. Tiny consist of a coral formation, ?ind bave little vegetation except mangrove bushes. On one of them, known as "Bush Kw" and "Garden Key," a light-house has been erected. At the beginning of the rebellion, the ( rovern* nient undertook the construction of Fort Jefferson, and sent thither re? fractory persons to work upon tho fortifications. Tiny are too remote from any populated place to enable prisoners to obtain means of escape ; too desolate to invite trading vessels; and all articles of food mu%t be sup? plied by Government transports. Our Correspondent will perceive that Hui place furnishes a sch?re rather than, au attractive place of residence. Loss ?VTHE STEAMER GOLDEN Brm:. This steamer Was wrecked in the Ca? ribbean Sea, near Grand Cayman Isle. The safe, containing#1,000,000 United Stares Treasury notes and one hun? dred and sixty seven-thirty bonds, in charge of a Treasury agent, is sup? posed to have broken up in the wreck, as a package containing one hundred and forty of the bonds for #1,000 each was found by a diver. GREAT FIRE IM NEW YORK.-At about 1 o'clock, yesterday afternoon, a most destructive conflagration oc? curred in South and Water streets, which resulted in the total destruction of two buildings and a loss of over 5000,000.-Xa ic York World, 22</.