University of South Carolina Libraries
VOLUME X.-NUMBER 2225. CHARLESTON, TUESDAY MORNING, MARCH 4, 1873. EIGHT DOLLARS A YEAR. OUR HARBOR DEFENCES. GOVERNMENT REPAIRS AND PRIVATE IMPROVEMENTS. Healing the Woonda of War-Repair? ing the Ravages of Time-Fort Sum? ter and Fort M o a 11 r 1 e-Artificial gtone-ltfaaing-Monltrlevllle. Ol all the ugly gaps Indented In the Southern coast by the collision ot a lour years' war, ard ali the dismal wrecks lei t stranded on IIB ocean battle-fields, there are perhaps none to which attach so much of historical significance as those contained In Lhe harbor and environs ol Charleston, and there are few which have fur? nished In their desolation such striking monu? ments of the intensity of the conflict as Forts Sumter, Moultrie, Ripley, JohnsoD, Beaure? gard and Wagner, and the sunken hulls of men-of-war which line the channel of this harbor. For seven years these wrecks and ruinB have now remained to tell the story of tt e desperate fight tbat was waged to get pos? session of this metropolis cf the South Atlan? tic; but during the past winter the Federal Government has begun the task of rehabili? tating these delances, and of restoring the harbor lo something like ila ante-bellum beauty and completeness. The most important portion ol this work of rehabilitation ls the repairing of FORT SUMTER, and this was begun on the 6th ol November last, under the Immediate superintendence of Kr. Thomas Campbell. At that time the inte? rior of the fort resembled a huge basin, with grass-covered sides sloplDg sharply down (rom the inner edge of the parapet. At the bottom of the basin was a sheet of water several feet In depth, from the centre ol wbicb rose the old, historic flagstaff. The space occupied by this basin was, prior tori war, a level court? yard, used principally as a, parade ground. The transformation occurred during the the war, when the COD federates heaped Band against the interior walls, for the protection of the casemates from the Federal shells. And now another change has taken place. A laqjge quantity of this earth has been removed, and the paving of the courtyard again partial? ly restored io view, but ptesentiog a succ?s ' sion of hills and valleys, piles of broken brick and rested guns and shot and shell. The old flagstaff has been rooted np, and lies at length across the courtyard, aptly representing the Hate of the canse whose standard lt so long upheld. Several rough houses have been erected In the court jard for the accommoda? tion of the laborers. There are no troops lo the fort now. On ?Mering the fort A BUST AND ANIMATED SCENE Is presented. There are a half dozen carts ; plying by mule power between the bottom of ' the conrt-jard up a circuitous road by the parapet above. On the northeast angle of the wall there are carpenters busy with hatchet and eaw, bricklayers with trowel and plumb, men carrying brick: and mortar, and others rolling wheelbarrows laden with sand. On the north, sooth and east lronts the upper tier of cace- ? mates has been polled down and the wall levelled to the top ol the lower casemates. 1 On the side of the lert fronting the city a por- 1 Hon ol the outer wall yet remains at its J Original height, about forty leer, but the inner wall and casemates have been already pulled 1 down, and the oater fragment will soon share the same .'ate. A wide and deep trench has been cut in the embankment, against the northeast angie, so as to allow the workmen to gain access to the bar face of the Inner wall. The lower casemate? o i this angle are under? going a thorough overhauling and repairing. The roots of many of them were broken In, and of others so badly cracked as to render them dangerous. The Inner walls, too, ol aevtral were, upon examination, found to be defective, and were therefore pulled down end r< built. The outer wall of the northeast angle rises nineteen fee*, or about five feet above the roots of the casenates at this point. As soon as the repairs to ti e casemates are finished, their roofs will be covered with earth to the height of the wall, and the surface cov? ered with sods ol growing grass. The inner wall will likewise be strengthened by a cc7 ertng ot earth. Inside of this angle of the fort, and adjoining its inner wall, A KEW MAGAZINE, thirteen ieet by six, will shortly be built ol the stones and bricks now lying In piles about the court yard. The southeast front ot the fort was never provided with a lower Uer of casemates, and the upper tier having been re? moved lt is now without either. This side of the fort being next to Morris Island was the most battered during the war, but all the holes and defective parts of the wall have now been repaired to the height of thirteen feet. On the parapet of Ibis wall several heavy Parrott nans viii be. mounted. 1 be wall of tbe sou in. iront has been extended outwards some thirty or forty feet by means of the broken brick taken from the interior ot the tort. This wall will be .on a level with the one on the south? east. It will be covered over with earth and sodded like the rest of lhe parapet. The whole'parapet will also be coped or paved on the outer edge with a handsome gray stone. There ls no work in progress oe lue north, northwest, west and southwest angles ot lhe wall at present, but lt is understood that they will shortly be treated in the er.me general manner as the other aogles. . PORT MOULTRIE. At Fort Moultrie, several carls and a large number ot bands are also at work. This fort, being without casemates, and having had the exterior of its walls deeply covered with sand by the Confederates, was very little damaged by the Federal Arr, so that there is little or nothing to be done in the way of repairing, except in clearing away ibe rubbish that hos accumulated within the interior. This work has been pushed lorward almost lo comple? tion, and the fort once more has the aspect of an available fortification. The principal work going on in lhe fort Is the construction of two magazines, one of which Is fifty-four feet long by inirty-two broad, and the other twen? ty-two by Alteen feet. Both stand in the 'northeast section of lhe fort, and in adjoining positions. Two more magazines ot similar proportions are to be shortly commenced within the opposite angle of the fort. These magasines are made or ooncrele, composed of .one part cement, three parts of sand, and Blx ?bf broken brick, wetted and mixed together Into the consistency or ordinary mortar. ? shallow excavation has been made in the eat th of the dimensions chosen for the maga? sine, and three or four feet deep. This is Ulled gradually with the concrete, which ls powdered down with large square pestles. Upon this foundation wooden moulds of lhe aise and shape des red for the walls are put, Into which the concrete ls poured and si rallar? la: compacted. This concrete in a short lime becomes AS HARD AS STONE, And then the wooden moulds are removed. The Hops and sides of the magazines will be further strengthened by a covering ol e which will be sodded. The work on Moultrie is under the superviBon of Ca) Thomas F. Gleason, assisted by Mr. '] Bridgbam. Within this fort the manufacture of a cial stone, lor the coping ol Its own wal well as those of Fort Sumter, ls also cat oo. This is an exceedingly simple and lt esling process. A particular cement of 1 gli8h make is mixed with sand and dry 8 lime In the following proportions : Half o sore ol cement, one measure of lime and measures ot sand. The whole is mixed gether while dry, and sifted to remove coarser particles, lt ls afterwards sufSclei dampened to.make a stiff mixture and put ! a strong wooden mould, in layers thre lour inches thick, and pounded down v wooden pestles. In a few hours lt is tur out in solidi blocks and placed under a s to dry, becoming in a short time as han granite. The blocks made at Fort Moul are four feet long by three and a halt w and twelve Inches thick, weighing as mi as freestone blocks of the same size. Tl are of a beautiful gray color, with an exce lngly fine grata. Three mea caa make tb ol these blocks ia oae day. The process French invention, and the stone is much u la various parts of Europe. DEEPENING THE CHANNEL. Aa aaoouacement was made in THE NE a few weeks ago that the work of remov?a large portion of the Jetty which extends 1 the harbor from Sullivan's Island, oppot Fort Moultrie, had been commenced witt view to deepening the Mafflt Channel. T jetty is a gigantic pile ol rocks, about set hundred feet loog by thirty broad, and twi ty-flve feet high at the outer end. It v, built many years ago by an engineer nam Bowman, to prevent the washlug away Sullivan's Island. The rocks of which it composed were brought for the purpose frc the coast of Maine. C?ptala Griffin, ol t derrick Uncle Knapp, was contracted with by the United States Government to remo the outer end of the Jetty, together with t wrecks of several blockade runners which 1 near by. The derrick Is anchored close aloa side of the Jetty, nod the rocks are lifted I means of HUGE GRAPPLING TONGS, operated by steam power. So far, boweve C?ptala Griffin has been able to work only i low tide, having been unavoidably prevente from completing the proper arrangement i bis grappling apparatus; bat he hopes soon l be la a condition to work at ail stages of tr tide. A layer of rocks, about four feet Ut lei bas been already removed from the top of tb first one hundred feet, at the outer ead of th jetty. To do ibis, the workmen have bee compelled to get upon the Jetty and laste chains to the rocks, which 1B a decidedly ui comfortable and laborious operation. It I proposed to remove about two hundred an fifty feet of the Jetty. The rocks which ar taken up are plied upon the shore end ol th letty. These rocks present a strange appeal ance as they are taken from the waters, belo covered with a luxurious growth of submt rlne vegetation. A part of this vegetatloi consists of a lera like grass, about four lache loog, with leaves at varied and beautiful col ars, yellow and red predominating. Wllhli the folds ot the vegetation that covers th rocks are swarms ot squirming creature which caper about, and give to the surface c the rocitB a lively look, suggestive ot fies creeping and the nightmare. Variety is adde by the presence of huge, bloated parasit?e with Jelly-like bodies, resembling the cuttle fish la color and consistency, some of wbicl are a foot and over in diameter. MOULTRIE VILLE. The town of Moultrlevllle 'ios grown will extraordlnory rapidity Ia the last year. I comprises aa irregular collection of houses commencing at the extreme western polot o Sullivan's Island, and extending fora mlle ant a half to the east. The buildings are gene rally ot the airy oottage style peculiar to sum mer resorts. The piazzas ia many cases an enclosed by Venetian blinds to keep out th? glare which arises from the white beach In th? hot Bummer time. Some of the residence! are elegaatly finished, and all have a neat ace tresh appearaoce. The principal street rum east and west, parallel with the beach on thc harbor side of the island. In some places ll has good shelled sidewalks, bat the thorough? fare ls for the moBt part ragged and sandy. Along the upper edge ol the beach is EV long row of bath-houses for tbe convenience of the bathers la roblag for the battle with the sort. There are twelve house" of various sizes la course of erectloa la the towa. There ls also A BRICK CHURCH buildlog by the Catholics who resort to the lslacd. The walls are Dearly completed to their Intended height. The style Is Gothic, and the building promises to be ooe of strik? ing beauty. Some of the houses in process of erection are handsome and commodious; one, in particular, ls very elegant. This 1B three stones high, and contains eighteen rooms. The style ls neat and fanciful; the roof ls pitched and crucllorm in shape, aod from the centre rises a square cupola, with a pyramidal roof. On the north side of the house ls a large Elizabethan window, which stands in the ceatre of the building, opposite the south entrance. The apartments on the second floor, belog intended for reception rooms, are connected with each other by double sliding doors. The sleeping apartments are upon tbe third floor. The two upper stories are lathed and plastered, and furnished with water? works throughout. On the premises are out? buildings, ia a style consistent with the ele? gance ol the dwelling. From the floor of the cupola above mentioned, A BIRDS EYE VIEW is obtained ol the town and the remainder ol tbe islaod. To the east lor two miles or more stretches a broad piala as level as a sheet ol water, except on the north side, where a ridge of white saud bills rise to aa altitude of some twenty ieet aod form a continuous wall. These hills are covered on their northern slope with a growth of low trees, the famous myrtles ol the Island. Oa the west Hes the town, presenting a loog array of lautastic shaped houses painted in many colors, a veri? table Joseph's coat upoD a body of land. Ia the ceatre Staads Fort Moul'rle, Its grim bat? tlements addlog a cot unpleasant variety to the scene. Outside the north wall of the lort at a lillie distance lies a vast pile of old brick, which wurkmeo are eugaged la break? ing up for the concrete used In constructing the magazines within the walls. The whole would constitute aa Indescribably pleasing picture, but for the one circumstance that almost every house ls closed and uuoccupled, aud the place ls la fact a deserted village. This, however, ls the Moultrlevllle of tbe wlaier, but Moultrlevllle ia Bummer lime 1B very different. The dwelliogs then are all tenanted and cheerful, the Btreets are Ailed with saunterlug people aud fllttiDg vehl I des, lae air 1B merry with the musical VOICBB ol children at play, the beach is lined with pleasure boats, and here and there are a party of surf bathers buffeting with the waves. 810X8 OP PREPARATION for returning summer are already to be found In the laborers engaged In different parts of the towD, repairing old fences or building new ones, cleaning the remains ot last year's vegetation from the gardens, and setting out trees for shade, tor notwithstanding the natural sterility of the soil composing the Island, many residents, by dint ot fertilizing, have succeeded in obtaining very beautiful flower-gardens, and lt is safe to assume that ia a few years nearly every house will be adorned by its adjacent flower-garden. The trip from Charleston to the Island is even now a most delightful one, and amply repajB for the time consumed in making it. The comfortable Bteamer of (be Mount Pleas? ant and Sullivan's Island Ferry Company leaves Harket wharf at ten o'clock A. M , af? fording a flue ride across the harbor, touching at Mount Pleasant long enough to r.llow a birds-eye view of that pretty village lrom the Btenmer's hurricane deck. Arrived at Sulli? van's Island, a walk of half a mlle leads to Fort Moultrie, under the walls of which is to be seen the tomb of Osceola, the gallantyouDg Seminole chieltain who, brought a prisoner to Charleston, died in the fort In 1838. The gallantry and warlike skill of this young chieftain won tor him the epithet bf the Hising Sun. One cannot help thinking that his sun had a dismal Betting. The attractions of the Island and tbe town will consume the remainder of the time until a quarter to Ave o'clock la the afternoon, when the Bteamer again leaves the Island and returns to Charles? ton. . FRENCH INCOMES. How Frenchmen Live When the Frenchman in a cafe DH I a two of the little slabs of white sugar iu his coffee and the remaining two in bis pocket, it is not meanness Dut economy. Tbe four consecrated to the demi-tasse are paid for, and the pur? chaser may carry them borne to the canary bird, present them to the children of the con? cierge aa a means of maintaining ploasant re? lations with that person, or keep them tor eau sucree. Lifo is not large, as in the United States, where there is elasticity in the incomes. Here they ore Axed-so much a year, month, and day. The line about the budget of ex? pense is rigid, especially in the case of email rentiers, who ab J und in France. The man ot three thousand francs a year rides on the top of the omimbus for three sous; reads the papers in ono of the amall reading-rooms for tour sous; smokes ono or two sous' wortb of Caporal tobacco a day in a pipe; goes to the theetre onoe a week for three to Ave francs, nod to the cafe chantant once or twice, where his consommation costs bim ten sous each tima; be eats two-franc dinners, followed by that indispensable black coffee for six BOUS, with one or two BOUS gratuites, atone of the second-class cafes. 1'i.e obief part of his time he strolls on the boulevards, looking in at the windows of the people-never fa il m cr, under any circumstances, to admire a pretty woman -a-d in sitting in the public gardens; all ot which is gratuitous pleasure. The man of Ave thousand francs enlarges thia programme, but tbe bachelor of twolve thousand wants for nothing. Tbis Bum means a anug little apartment of two pieces on a street nmnine lo ooo of the favorite boule? vards, with paliisandre tarni tore, each room under tbe glamour ot one color-pale rose, sun? set beams, azure sky, or what not; some good books, a tew Ane engravings, perhaps a moder? ately Rood oil picture, a bit o' onc-a brae In in the way of bronzo and porcelain; a breakfast of three or four francs, and a dinner of Ave to ten francs at the Cafe Biche, Vochette, or tbo club; cabs, theatres, Bois dc Boulogne, a nd kid gloves at discretion. Trna ia tbe definitiou of twolve thousand francs-fora bachelor. Twen ty-Ave thousand for a bachelor ia an apart? ment in tba Boulevard Malesberbe, au second, with a coo.* and a man sorvant, a horse and a oouoe, a box at the French opera, breakfasts at home and dinners at the Imperial or Jockey club; the dwelling consisting of Ave pieces, with objects of art, one or two of some value. Fifty thousand represents an apart? ment au premier, with horses, carriages, valet, footman, cordon bleu, a wine cell tr a box at the Italian opera, dinners at borne, with friends to eit them, the usual art bibelots, a small gallery of paintings, and a good library - everything that man requires in bachelor? hood. Ii' any of theae single men were doubled with a wife tbe expenses would bc trebled, perhaps more, tho wants of woman being au unknown qu tn ti ty. Tbo man of Afty thousand would have to live at least like him of twenty- five, and he in turn like bim of ten thousand, which, accord inc to Frenchmen, is the explanation and tbe justification of the dowry system which prevails in France. "Fietos Abroad," by Albert Rhodts, in March Galaxy. _ _ IN THE HANDS OF THE DENTIST. Tbe performance of preparing a tooth for tho reception of the gold, after the decay has been cut away and the cavity made ready, 1B barbarous in lhe extreme. Imagine yoursell seated In I be luxurious chair, with IIB head? piece and foot-rest. Probably you have been through the ordeal of having your teeth M separated "-a divorce, by the way, wnlch will baDish you from " bed and board " with? out either lawyers or red tape, and ls effected by wearing a piece of wood between the teeth. It ls not unlikely to suppose that your masticators are all sore, that you have not eaten or slept but little lor the past week, that your nerves are not over strong nor your disposition more than amiable. Your tooth ls drilled and cut until the cavity is care nilly prepared, and your endurance almost exhausted. The dentist leaves you to pass a moment with the victims walting in the Iront parlor, who have kept the door-bell in motion lor the past hour, and, as each one entered, caused your tormentor lo smile complacently and display a set of ivories in perfect order. (DenlUia always keep their advertisements In an uti rac ti ve condition.) He relurna, and then begins the systematic torture. A large apron of rubber cloth ls tied about your neck, while two towels are lucked around your throat underneath. A piece of thin gutta? percha, eight inches square is lhen torced be? tween several of your teeth that ari J oin the one to be Ailed. It ls carefully strained over that tooth until the gum ls forced back to the root. A silver spring ls then fastened below the rubber to keep lt up tight. By this lime your eyes are streaming teats, even should you be a stoic A band witliflamps at each end ls now thrown about jour chair, and the piece of gutta-percha ls secured firmly al the sides of your cheeks. Tour head feels os if lt vere In avise. Makeup your mind lo remain In this position three houra, wlih your mouth held open by a strong hand, with the saliva streaming down your cheeks, and with an urchin holding a mallet and pounding lu the gold as fast as the dentist places it. Denilsis continually quarrel with lhe mailei-boye, and, If ever there was a set ot Imps, lt ls these heedless fellows. They will look the "other way" and rap on the "sore spol" In your tooth as If they were beating time lo a gallop. They are lhe particular object of a dentist's Ire, and provoke these exclamations: "Are you going to9leep?" "Strike easy." "Look what you are about." The patient ls power? less to speak, and can only roll his eyes im? ploringly as the mallet-bov seems to take revenge on him. When at last the gold is all in and'the filling completed, when the straps and springs and rubber are removed, and you take your paralyzed Jaws between your nanda, and endeavor lo shut them, then do not sup? pose you are to be released-you are JuBt ready tor tbe "dental drill" or "engine," which ls lo polish the gold that is BO firmly packed. This engine Is lhe most formidable looking machine, and on lis first appearance you shudder and conclude you are to be de? capitated now for a certainly. This drill has a reverse-acting spiral-spring, with a cord at? tachment, ana a drive-wheel with a revolving axle, into the centre ol which the drill-bit is set. It ls made to revolve by lhe action of the foot on a treadle. The blt ls placed next your tooth, and the whole set In motion; while you undergo the delightful sensation ol a file whirling In your tooth, your filling ls polished as bright as a mirror. AMADEUS'S ABDICATION. BEHIND THE SCENES AT MADRID "SCRAPS OE SECRET HISTORY. The Queen's Vow to tbe Virgin-Curl, ou? Stories Concerning Victor Eman? uel. Prince Humbert and Ex-King Amadeus-Was.Montpensler tb? Astas, .in of Prim J [Correspondence of the N.T. World.] LONDON, February 13. An extraordinary story concerning tbe ab? dication of King Amadeus cornea lo me from so high a source tbat I am constrained to be? lieve lt. It is to this effect: The Queen, as every one will remember, was the Princess Mary, the daughter of Prince Charles Eman? uel dal Pozzo della Cisterna; she ls only twen? ty-five years of age; she ls a very devout Cath? olic, and she is the mother ot three children, the youngest ol wbom, a prince, was born at Madrid oaly a few days ago. Immediately before the birth of this child., the young Queen was In great distress ol mind and In very alarming physical palo; and in her agony of j mind and body she made a vow to the Blessed Vu gio that if, through the mercy of God, Ehe was brought solely through the perils that then environed ber, she would beg ber husband OD her knees to resign the throne of Spain and lo hasten back to Italy. Her husband was pres? ent when-perhaps in delirium-she made this vow, and be uttered no remonstrance against lt. Tbere Is no doubt that he has been growing more and more weary of Spain for several months, and tbe distress and anguish of Iiis young wile, to whom be is tenderly at? tached, prouably strengthened his desire to get rid ol blB thankless task. Events which happened alter the birth of the child-who, In the opinion of Its mother, was given ber only as a hostage for the performance 01 her vow doubiess removed all hesitation which be might have still felt. He and bis wife-despite all his noble qualities and all her grace and beauty-bad never been able to win over lo their side the proud nobles of Spain. Just as In Borne ihe nobility ol tbe highest rank, with one or two exceptions, side with the Pope, and reiuse to attend the court of Victor Emanuel or to give any countenance to his government, so In Madrid the grandees held aloof irom "the foreign adventurer," as they called King Amadeus, while their wifes could not he Induced to appear in the train of his wile. This alarmed and irrigated both of | them-not without reason; btu they continued to hope that In time the nobility could be won over to their side. The King made a last ef? fort to do this on the occasion ol the christen? ing of ihe new-born child. He asked tbe j Duchess de la Torre, the wile of Serrano, to ! present ibe royal Infant at the baptismal cere? mony. She re I u sed wlih scorn, and tbe poor baby woald have probably had to suffer the Ignominy of being "presented" by a lady ol low rank had not the widow ot Marshal Prim, herself a duchess, consented to leave her mourning retirement and perform the (unction. I am told tbere was a terri? ble scene In the palace that day, and lt was Iben that tbe King finally yielded to the prayers and tears of lils wile, and made to ber ibe promise of abdication which, as you know, he lulfllled on the 11th of tuts monto. "It ls a great honor," said tbe King tn his message lo me Cortes announcing j his abdication, "lo preside over ihe destinies of a country however disturbed. I had resolved to keep my oath and respect the constitution, lor I believe that my loyalty to Sp In would compensate tor whatever errors might be caused by my youth and inexperience. Bul | my good wishes have deceived me. tor Spalo j lives in the midst of a pernetual contest. If my enemies bad been foreigners I would not abandon the task, but they are Spaniards. I wish neither to be the King ol a party nor to act illegally; but, bul ie vine all my efforts to be sterile, I renounce the crown for myself, my sons aod heirs." Toese are plain, sad and bold words; but lb? Cortes listened to them with scarcely con? cealed Joy, and ihe abdication was unanimous ly accepted. There are wheels within wheels -and, had the Cortes known all that was In ibe King's mind, ihey probably would have listened tu bis messugn with emotions of a very mixed character. For I have as yet told only one bait of my story. The King has ab? dicated, it ls true, to please bis wife; but, If I my Infirmants are correct, he did this all the ? more willingly because he believes that by Hiving up ihn Insecure throne of Spain he makes a stride toward the throne of Italy. Victor Emanuel's health is extremely precari? ous, aud bis death at any moment would sur? prise no one who knows him; the Crown Prince Humbert ls the victim ol a nameless disease which makes his Hie a burden, and from which death may soon relieve him; and his son-ihe four-year-old Prince of Naples is in such a condition that his Hie can be protracted only by something like a mira? cle. Toese three precarious lives are all that stand between Amadeus and the Italian crown; and even should Victor Emanuel aod Humbert die before the baby Prince ot Naples expires. Amadeus would have a claim lo regenoy which would be in fact a sover-1 elgnty. Tbe personal relations between Vic? tor Emanuel aud Humbert are ot the most un? happy character. The latter- whose vices tar outnumber bis virtues-bas cherished a bitter hatred tor his lather ever since the King, on wuat be thought was his death-bed, married the woman with whom he had so long lived Ia adultery, and by whom he has been made ihe lather of several children. Humbert wat; not shocked by the sins ol lils father-he ls lond of such Bios himself-but be was dis? gusted beyond meaBure by bis repentance and his reparation; and the other day, wheo the King announced his wish to publicly solem? nize the marriage contracted in private with ibis wcmati, aod to elevate her to th? throne, Humbert broke out into a tearful storm ol rage, and not only publicly declared that la such aa event be would leave Italy, but prl- I , vately Beet word to his father thai If be did I j (his ming he would head a revolution to I j depose him. Victor Emanuel, always weak, yielded for the moment to these threats, and nothing has since, been said about the marriage. But I am told that what , he now desires is that Humbert should die; , thai he then should cause his marriage to be ' publicly solemnized and his "countess" called , queen for a day; that he then' should abdicate < ia favor of Amadeus as regent or as klug. Se , thai to the Dersuasloas of me wile ol the lat? ter were added the secret advice and prayer of bis lamer io leave Spain and to come back to Italy. Victor Emanuel greatly dreads dealh BO loog as be ls at entally with ihe Pope. He would withdraw lila government from Borne to-morrow, aod restore St. Peter's patrimony I to Pius IX, lt his Cabloet and Parliament | < would allow him to do lt. Amadeus is a better Catholic than either bis lather or hie brother, and vague dreams float through the brain of I the King of a reconciliation effected between Italy and the Papal See wilh Amadeus on the throne. This all sounds like a romance, you will say; but l have reason-and thebeBtoll reason-to believe that il Is all true. | j Your correspondent at Paris thus writes me under date of tho 12th: "The iotelligeore from 8pain Is produciog . ?otease exciteraeut here. If: Amadeus abdl-1 j eales aod revolution follows, the course whlob Iis lrlends here predict, we shall Bee ihe Mon? archical parly in France even more strength? ened tuan 'twas by Napoleon's death. Fiance will be warned by 8pain's playing the drunken helot. Fusion will be cou?rmed and the Bo? napartes made more willing than ever to support the Monarchical party. Au imraeuse exodus of priests aod wealthy families ls ex? pected lrom Spaio ll the Republic be pro? claimed. Tbere ls some reason to lear there may be troubles ia Lyons aad la Marseilles ll there be established a Republic la Spam. We have beard every eveolng for the lasi seven or eight days that a formidable insurrection has broken out lo Lyons. There ls no question the Communards are collecting on the Swiss from 1er. ClUBeret and many Polish mill tory adventurers confederated with him are known to be at Geneva. Impatient spirits at Lyona have for months been longing for insurrec? tion, and lt is believed tbe menaced cbaogeB In the municipal organization ol Lyons and In the electoral law have produced a degree ol Irritation In lhat city which the revoluilooary leaders can no longer allay. Moreover, there Is as much dlst.resB in ihe lower classes there as there lain Paris." I should add another fact to the curious In? formation I have already given. It ls that, shortly after Amadeus's first arrival at Madrid, tolerably conclusive proof was placed In his, hands that the plot for the assassination of Prim was known to, li not concocted by, the Due de Montpensler. The evidence against the private secretary of tbe duke-a gentle? man- wbo, I believe, Is now In the united States-was perfectly conclusive, and that against the duke himself wae very strong. The news of Prim's assassination, lt will be remembered, reached the King as he first landed in Spain, and be was very anxious to bring bis murderers to Justice. He wished the duke to be Informed of the reasons tor the accusations against bim, and to have him summoned tor trial, but he was overruled In this, as in nearly everything else. It ls for? tunate that Amadeus bas gone. He did not have a happy day all the time he was In Spain. He bas al was been in danger of assassination; he bas beeu twice shot al; he has been once nearly poisoned, and a fourth attempt to kill bim was made by throwing missiles from the roof ol a building Jost as" be was passing it. Had he remained, be would have lived in constant fear and unhappiness. In London opinion Is divided as to the chances for the perpetuity ol the new republic in spain. The Journals predict its speedy downwall-but they have been saying the same thing for two yearB about lhe French Republic and lt still lives. In private conver? sation many of our public men exoress the belief that after all It may be found' that the republic will be the salvation of Spain. Let us hope so. PICCADILLY. TUE OLD WORLD'S NEWS. England. LONDON, March 3. Disclosures of a most startling character re. Bpectlng heavy forgeries on the Bank of Eng? land bavejusl been made public. The billa of ihe bank have been successfully counterfeited to a large amount, and extensively circulated throughout the country. Many ot the most emi? nent firms in this city have been victimized and have Buffered serious IOBS. The forgeries were largely in Rothschild's name, and will, it ls believed, amount to a million dollars. Through the bills discounted by the bank a large amount of American bonds have been obtained on the profits of lhe forgery. Twenty five hundred pounds reward la offered by the authorities lor the arrest of Frederick Warren, an American, charged with counterfeiting American bonds to lhe extent of $250,000, and alsowlih the bili forgeries on the Bank of I England. LIVERPOOL, March 3. A terrible disaster occurred yesterday on the Rifer Mersey Involving a serious lons of life. The ship Chacabnco, lrom San Fran? cisco, collided wlih the Dublin steamer Torch, which had just lei t port. The vessels struck with great loree, the Chacabnco sinking al? most immediately. Twenty-five persons on board the ship went down with her, includ? ing several seamen who embaiked at San Francisco. The Torch was also Bunk, but all on board of ber were saved. France. PARIS, March 2. In the National Assembly yesterday tbe dis? cussion relative to the ministerial responsibil? ities of the Executive was resumed and con? tinued at length. M. Dufaure in addressing the Assembly laid great stress on the previ? ous declarations made by President Thiers re? serving io the executive power certain rights and privileges which be claimed as due to him for a proper administration of the gov? ernment He maintained that the Govern? ment of France was a Republic, and that tbe interests of the people required united action. Aller a close and exciting debate the Assem? bly, by a vote ol 419 against 200, decided to discuss the proposals submitted by the com? mittee of thirty. Spain. MADRID, March 3. The Ministerialists are coulerrlng with tbe Radical members regarding lhe dissolution of the Assembly. Tbe citizens are organizing, regardless of politics, for the mutual protec? tion of Hie and property, as trouble is antici? pated alter the dissolution ol the Assembly. The majority of the Spanish Assembly are de? termined lo pr.ss the bill abolishing slavery beiore its prorogation. Ahe Carlist disturbances are increasing. The advices from the districts of Catalonia, Alica tte and Murcia say the movement ls rapidly spreading. The people are dissatisfied with the government and are )ololng the Carllat tanks. The government troops at Catalonia have become insubordinate and lt is apprehended many may desert to Join (ho Carlista, who claim that they have now a total force of thirty-five thousand men In the field. The Spanish Government will shortly call for a credit of four million pounds sterling to arm ./ihe volunteers and enable tbe govern? ment to continue the war against the Carlista. Italy. ROME, February 28. The Pope to-day received a deputation ot I clilzens of the United States. Mr. Glover, of ? New York, read an address. The Pope replied with hearty thanks. He said that he would always pray for tbe country so particularly blessed by God with facility of soil and Indus? trious Inhabitants, and be would ever pray for an Increase of Its blessings. He boped, how? ever, that material things would not become Ibe sole affection of tue American people, for excessive love of riches corrupted lhe heart. Russia. ST. PETKRSBGRO, March 3. His Imperial Highness, the Grand Duke Nlcolaevltcb Constantine, bas gone to Tur? key on au Important mission connected with lhe Ehtvan question. Cotton Snips Arrived Ont. LIVERPOOL, March 3. The ootton ships Esparanla, Musher, Beta, from New Orleans, and tbe Georgiana, from Charleston, have arrived here. THE WEAT MER TUTS DAT. WASHINGTON, March 3. Probabilities: For Tuesday, In the South Atlantic and Eastern Cult States, rising bar? ometer, northwest winds and clear weather. Por the Middle Atlanlic coast aod westward ;o the Alleghenies, fresh northwest winds, lartly cloudy and clear weather, with lower emperature. For New England and New Torie fresh and brisk north and west winds, jloutly and colder weather. For the lake re? vlon and upper Mississippi Valley, rising bar >meter, northwest winds, rising temperature ind partly cloudy and clear weather. Cautionary signals are continued at Wilmlng .on, Norlolk, Cape May, New York, New Lou? don, Boston and Portland, Me. JOTTINGS ABOUT THE STATE. - Mnjor Wm. B. Maxwell, a late resident of i Georgetown County, lately died In Mississippi, -The new building of me Aiken Lyceum ls nearly completed. -An amateur theatrical performance at the Highland Park, last Tuesday evening, was nuch enjoyed by a large audience. -Captain James R. Ma 111, ol Lancaster, bad ils left leg broken Just above the knee-Jolur, ast week, by the wheel ot his heavily-loaded wagon passing over lr. -The following officers were Installed in Aiken Division, Sons of Temperance, No. 12, ast Thursday evening: Rev. Geo. J. Griffiths, W. P.; A. W. Morris, W. A.; C. M. Maul, R. 8 El. B. HUI, treasurer, and Henry Bmyzer, Jr., Inside sentinel. OUR SOUTH ATLANTIC NEIGHBORS. Georgia. -A Macon negro fled from the smallpox hospital and died from exposure. -Mr*. Polly Haygood, mother of Bev. F. M. Haygood, died at Macon on the 25th ult., aged eighty-three years. -A Jasper County Jury in a murder case bas been out five dave without agreeing on a verdict. -This Is the way a negro woman in Collins? ville roasted her baoy last Thursday night. She smoked a short pipe wbile rocking the baby to sleep, wrapped tue Infant up tight in a quilt, and then went out to the yard to finish her washing. She got back Just in time to save the bedstead. North Carolina. -Tarboro' claims to be making rapid strides toward the dignity of a city. -It is rumored that ex-Governor Holden ls to be appointed postmaster at Raleigh. -A lad twelve years of age, tbe son of John W. Holbrooks, of Wilkes County, hnng him? self a lew days ago. A SCENE Di THE SENATE. THE LOUISIANA WRANGLE IN TBE ALL-NIGHT SESSION. Warmoth Among the Watchers-The Chairman Caught Napping-Smoking aud Joking-Snores de Pro fund?? The Fight Over the Bili, ?ic. WASHINGTON, Febuary 28. The Senate remained In session all of last Dight, not adjourning until eight o'clock this morning. Just seventeen hours were spent in the discussion ol tbe Louisiana bil!, and, as is not unfrequeutly tbe case with the Senate, lt was Just so much time tbrown away. The scenes attending tbe debate last night were not unlike those wblcb are usual on euch oc casloDB, although lhere were some new and rather striking features. There was not the bitterness ot party feeling which has oiien been exhibited when acknowledged partisan measures were being put through under ibe crack ot tbe party whip. But for all tbat the discussion, was exceedingly lively and ani? mated, and ihe tills which Messrs. Carpenter and Morton ran against each other were as sharp as wheo political opponents meet In the clash of forensic conflict. As tbe hours wore on ihe galleries, which were very much crowded In the earlier part ol the evening, be? gan rapidly to thin oat. SHERJ?AN UPON WARMOTH. Governor Warmoth eat near Messrs. Trum? bull and bchurz, never flagging la tbe inter? ested attention he gave the proceedings through all the long watches of the night. Mr. sherman displayed quite as mach bitter cess as Mr. Morton. Njt once, but several limes, he stood up, and pointing his finger at Warmoth, he denounced him personally ae the embodiment of fraud, corruption and all known and unknown vlllaaies. The view taken by Mr. Conk ling In favor of the Kellogg governmeot was exactly what was expected irom bim. Mr. Bdnunds on this occasion seemed lo divest himself of all partisan con? siderations, and surprised every one by the extraordinary force and clearness with which be demonstrated tbat ihe McEoery govern? ment was the only prima lacie government, and the only one which could be properly recognized. An hour or two after midnight, the galleries having become almost entirely deserted, a relaxation of the formalities Inci? dent to the proceedings of legislative bodies was soon perceptible, and senators abandon doned themselves to personal comforts aod enjoyments without reserve. SENATORS IN THEIR GLORY. The great body left the chamber and betook themselves to the retiring rooms from whence tbe loud laughter drowned out the voices of those on the floor who were Breaking to the bill. Mr. Carpenier, who had the bill lu charge, remained mostly lo the chamber, aod consoled himself by lighting his cigar, min ?;llog Its smoke with the great puffs that came rom out ol the retiring rooms. It would have been difficult for aa unsophisticated stranger to compreheod tbat la ibis manner the rights and HOerileB of the people of agr?ai Commou wealth were trembling la the balaaee. Mr. Ferry, of Michigan, who was Ia the chair, weat sound OBleep, and had to be twice awakened by the secretary to put motions that were peodlng. A SENATORIAL SNOBS. The great Michigander, the Hon. Zachariah Chandler, stretched his burly lorm at lull length on the sola, and the deep sonorous emissions from his nasal organ penetrated ihe length, breadih and height ot tho vast cham? ber. As "Old Zach" was concealed by a screen In front of his sola. It was some time bet?re ihe source of tbe noise waa discovered, and lt was humorously suggested that a new committee of Investigation be rained lo ascer? tain the cause of ihe commotion. Finally the great Michigander was unearthed, and a vig? orous punch la the ribs quieted bim for a ebon time, but a lillie while alter he was olowing off steam more lustily than ever. THE CONTEST OVER THE BILL, The effort to amend the bill by providing lor tbe continuance ol the Kellogg govern? ment until the new election should be held, failed; but, alter some mysterious caucusslng around, Ibe amendment was renewed, ano was put on by Mr. Carpenter's own vote. Had be voled io the negative, lt would have resulted lo a tie, which, of course, would have lost the amendment. ThlB action of Mr. Carpenter might well excite wooder. Only a lew hours before be bad Blood up lo his place aud exhausted the vocabulary ot the Eugllsb language In deecriblag the superstructure of usurpation and fraud on which the Kellogg government was reared. He bad asserted that, ll lett unsupported by Federal bayonets, thot government would be evanescent as a breath, and he had scouted the true Idea that the seal of congressional approbation should te affixed to lt. Yet literally eallog bis own words, he turned around aod voted to the very thing be had vebemeutly asseverated there woutd not be the least shadow ot Justi? fication tor doing. When, by Mr. Carpenter's own vote, this provision waa put on to his bill, Mr. Morton made no attempt to conceal bis intense delight. He had been fighting Kellogg's cause, aod be bad wou. THE DEMOCRATIC SENATORS, who had scarcsly taken aoy part la the debate up to Ibis lime, had good grouod for the Inti? mations which ihey threw out of want of sin? cerity on ibe part of Mr. Carpenter. The fact that after the adoption of the amendment Mr. Carpenter, with Mr. Morton and Mr. Cockling, seemed to take no further Interest lo the mat? ter, gave some color to the supposition. Ol ibe four members of tbe committee who re? ported the bill not one but Mr. Carpenter evloced tbe least interest la lt. Mr. Anthony voted for every ameadmeat offered. Mr. Logan took no part lo the debate, scarcely ever took the trouble to vote, and Mr. Alcorn ?vent home early la the evenlsg. When all that was of good la the bili had beeo destroyed by the adoption of the amendment, lt was evi? dent that the bill was destined lo fall. The Democrats and Liberal Bepubllcans could not, if course, vote lor lt, aod Mr. Morton, with ila followers, did not of course want lt to pass. Ur. Bayard briefly but powerfully arraigned we Kellogg dynasty, which lt was evident, If :he bill passed, was to continue to hold the re?as of power ia Louisiana. THE BILL REJECTED. A Utile before eight o'clock this morning Lhe vole was taken on the passage of tbe bili, ?ind, as was anticipated, lt was rejected, ibe Democrats voting solidly against lt, with one exception, Mr. Machen, of Kentucky, and Mr. Morton and bis extreme Radical following, being on ihe same Bide. Edmunde, Schurz ind Hill did not vote. Mr. Murtoa was so anxious to bave Its rejection announced that he could scarcely be patient long enough for the clerk to count tbe vote, [f the action of last night is not reversed, it will afford a color of pretext for Plncbhack to claim a seat In the Senate on the 4th of March. SPARKS FROM THE WIRES. -Blaggold bas beeo confirmed as postmas? ter at New Orleans. -Extremely cold weather prevailed through? out the Northwest last evening. -The amouot of the delalcatlon In lhe New Orleans posioffice le DOW staled at about $54,000. -The Modoc war ls ended at last, the troubles ol the tribe having been amicably ad? justed. -A number ol New York detectives were seat to Wauhiogtou yesterday et the especial request of the authorities. -Christian people who have visited the In? auguration ball-room have been shocked by the sacred legend "Ecce Homo" ever Graot s seat at the bail. -Talmage was preaching In Brooklyn OD 8unday evening when the cry cf "fire" was raised. Amid the panic that ensued eeyeral persons were crushed. BEATS OF GENERAL EDWARD JOHN? SON. RICHMOND, VA., March 3. General Edward Johnson died here yester? day. He served with distinction In the Florida aod Mexican ware as an officer of the United States army, aod, during the late clvli war. Hoked his fate wilh lhe couth. Hla remalus are lying la state la the capitol, aod the funeral will take place to-morrow afternoon with both military and clvlo houors. Deceased was fifty-seven years of age. TILE LAST HOURS OF CONGRESS. Preparing for Adjournment-Tne Ap. | propria tlon Bill-Senator Posa?*?? Whitewashed. WABHINOTOK, March 3. Toe city ls full. Congress ts rustling mat? ters. Its business ls confined te tbe appro? priation bill, with good prospects of pass? ing lt. Tbe Vice-President laid before tbe Senate a dispatch addressed to him from John Mofinery, claiming to be governor of Louisiana, and an? nouncing the election ol William -Ti McMillan as senator lrom that Butte, adding mat his credentials had been forwarded. West said tnat while he would not object to the receipt of the credentials lt regularly presented, he must object to the receipts of the irregular ooildcauon. Edmunds thought it was In the nature of a petition, and must be received as such. Trumbull did not attach much impor? tance to the matter, but thought it ought to be received. Morton declared the dispatch as being merely an announcement that McMillan had been elected by a mob legislature, and did not think the Information important if lt was so regarded. It might have been sent io the Evening Star, but certainly it had no busi? ness In the Senate. Sherman moved to lay the communication on the table, which waa agreed to. The bil! making an appropriation for the payment of the awards of the South? ern claims commission was passed with but few amendments, and sent to the House for concurrence. Tne bill for the rellel of Josiah Morris, of Moor gome rv, Ala., was also passed and sent to the President. The mu relieving nie treasurer Ircm re? sponsibility for money stolen from Vae treasury . bas passed, and now goes to the President lor his approval It involves 190,000 expense to the people. The bbl permitting the unloading of vessels at night bas passed tne House. The reports of tbe conference committees on. all the principal appropriation bills were made and agreed to. in the sundry civil appropri? ation ellis the Hem for the sale of the marine hospital grounds and buildings at New Orleans, the purcne.ee of a more healthy site, and the erection thereon of a pavilion hospital, was retained;also, the Item ot one hundred thou? sand dollars lor a government building at Raleigh, N. C.; also, tba item for the par? chase ol sites lor military depots la Tazar. Tbe Agricultural College bill and the bill for a steamship Hoe between New Orleantt and Mexican ports were laid on tbe table. In tbe legislative appropriation Dill the sala? ries were fixed as follows : President, twenty live thousand dollars; chief JuaUce of the Su? preme Court, ten thousand five hundred dol? lars; associate justices of the Supreme Court, cabinet officers, Vice-president and speaker of the House, len thousand dollars each; sena? tors and members of Congress, Including the present Congress, In lieu ot mileage and ail allowances except actual individual travelling expenses, seven thousand live hundred dol? lars. The amendment suspending Judgments ot the Court ot Claims lu lavor vi disloyal claimants was struck out of the bli*. The committee of investigation upon the case of Senator Pomeroy report that York's charges of bribery against Pomeroy are not sos tal oed, though there was much positive swearing pro and con. _ CHARLESTON AND BALTIMORE. . The (incition ot Transportation. [from ibo Balli mo. o Gazette, Ma; ch l.J . The want of sufficient freight facilities be? tween i his port aud Charleston bas for some time affected tbe trade of this city, and to much BO that a meeting was held yesterday, at the Provision Exchange, to take tbe matter into consid?rai lon. Mr. Phillp T. George caliea the meeting to order, and Mr. H. W. Tomiiuson waa elected secretary. The president slated that the object of tba meeking was lo secure additional shipping facilities to Charleston, and In showing the importar ce ol a movement In that direction made some remarks about the present posi? tion of the shipping facilities by ocean steam? ers, which, he asserted, were entirely inade? quate; and if more were not soon provided, me loss of that valuable trade would follow. That the trade with tbe South was now car? ried on under a severe competition with omer points wbere abundant labilities for shipping were furnished, especially with Cincinnati and Louisv?He, which now have direct rail? road communication with all the important towns In Georgia and tbe Carolinas, at freights very little in excess ot the raies demanded by our own transportation companies, - He ap? prehended diversion of trade hy the Chesa? peake and Ohio Railroad, which tapped out direct Southern railroad connection at Rich? mond, two hundred miles south ol ns, and of? fered really a snorter route from Cincinnati to that place than any we now have to our own city. The agents ol the Chesapeake and Onto were putting up placards through lbs South, showing the advantage of order? ing goods from the West over that road, and he looked with alarm to the In? terest Southern merchants were taking In Ul He urged that to maintain the trade lt ret quired all the energy of the active business men to retain lt, and that with efforts proper? ly directed lhere would not be much difficulty, and instanced the success ol the Ballimore and Wilmington line of steamers, which, with an orlglral capital ot $60,000, now owned four steamers and had a fifth building, and contemplated bel ore anoth* er year establishing a dally line. The suc? cess of this line be attributed to the efforts of the management to give all the freight offering prompt dispatch. Mr. J. Q. Harvey offered a motion that a meeting be called on Wednesday, tbe 5th instant, at the Provision, Exchange, and thai omer branches of trade be invited to be present, and lake action with; regard lo providing increased lacLitlaafOf shipments to Charleston. The motion waa, adopted. Mr. Joseph 8. Hopkins moved that a committee of three oe appointed to wall oh lhe masters ol transportation of the Baltimore and Ohio, and Baltimore and Potomac-Ball roads, with regard to freights to Charleston. The motion was adopted, and Messrs. Joseph S. Hopkins, J. O. Harvey and Thomas Gaseara were appointed. The meeting then adjourned until Wednesday next. 08TH ANNUAL REPORT OF TEE NEW TORE LIFE INS UR ANCE COMPANY Th* "Kcierr* Fand." The folio wi g explanation is all that ia requi? site for the completo understanding of the ro port by those not conversant with the subject: The 4-reserve" fund of a Lifo Insurance Com' pany is that sam io hind which, improved at a given rate of interest, will be sufficient, together with future premiums to be paid, to. meet all obligations as they become due. If a company bas the required euri for reserve,' it is solvent and can continue business; if it baa nob, it is insolvent and the law will interfere, with its continuance. Of course the BIZ s of tbo reserve required depends very largely upon' shat rate or interest is assumed. The higher; that rate is assumed to be, the faster the fund. will accumulate at compound interest, aud hence the smaller the present snm in hand may be; the lower tbe Tate of interest, the more slow the accumulation, and hence the lurker the re? serve required must be. Massachusetts has adopted? per cent, interestas the standard need for determining the required reserve; tho stute of New York adopts a lower standard, namely 4, per cent, interest. Hence tbo reserve of a company, and its surplus, if any, as made in tho official reports of the insurance depart^ mentuof the two States, do not agree; bot ii the New York standard is safe, the Massachu? setts one muet bo safer, and the New York Life therefore employs the Massachusetts one m making its own calculations, that being the highest standard used. Thus, by the Mas? sachusetts standard of interest, the reserve of the New York Life was $16,841,177 on the 1st of January. 1872, and its supins over all liabilities $1488,184, as computed and published in the Company's regular annual report. Bat if the, rate of interest to be hereafter realized is as? sumed at tbe N w York rate, 4} percent,, the reserve is $15 686,000 and tho surplus cocse quontly $2.644,811. The policy of the New York Life is, to establish and maintain perfect security above all other things. 9 I SP I ? ? -The report of the Anglo-American Tele? graph Company ehowe an available balance of $1,685,000, wbloh has been disposed of In pay? ing twelve per cent, dividend for the year, and adding IO reserve fund. , proposed amalgamation oi ^^SuiSSt the directors state that negoUa?ons are stUl golDgon, bul that the details ?g??g??? been settled. Afc* the French AtlanticOom pany have laid iheir new cable, and h?w be? come entitled to f-rty^'8nVn?-0iSLrii: a.T ?nd two-thirds per cent, or the gross r?? SA, directors jconsider that amalgama? tion will be beneficial. Sa