University of South Carolina Libraries
mt Si ?fi Trr\T ITM"I7 VT -NUMBER 771.] CHARLESTON, S. C., FRIDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 7, 1868. [EIGHTEEN CENTS A WEEK V \JXJ KJ AXA JU! ? BY TELEGBAPH. Our Europpnn Dispatches. [BT ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH.] THE ALABAMA (TTiATMB-FARRAGUT. LONDON, Fobruary G.-Tho commente of thu American newspapers on the arrest of TIT m hare provoked a discussion of the matter in a temperate and conciliatory manner by the Eng? lish press. PARIS, February G.-Farragut is at Genoa, and is received everywhere with marked atten? tion. LONDON, February 6-Noon.-Consols, 98Ja 93J; Bonds, 71}. LONDON, February 6-Evening.-Consols and Bonds unchanged. The decrease in thc bul? lion of the Bank of England ia ?5o4,000. LIVERPOOL, February 6--Neon.-Cotton buoyant and firm, with sales of 15,000 balee, prices unchanged. LIVERPOOL, February 6-Evening.-Cotton buoyant; Uplands, in port, 7?da8d; to arrive, 7{a7{; Orleans, 8|a8j. AU other quotations un? changed. 2 P. M.-Cotton more active and advancing. Thesales will reach 18,000 bales; Uplands, 7|a7|. Corn advanced to 43a. Lard quiet Pork declined to 78s. A Card from the Telegraph Company. EXECUTIVE OFFICE, WESTERN TELEGRAPH COUPANT, No. 145, Broadway, New York, Feb. 6. The undersigned, officers of the Western Union Telegraph Company, and together con? stituting its executive committee, respectfully beg leave to inform the public that the state? ments published in the New York Herald, on the 5th and 6th inst., to the effect that this company has proposed to sell its lines-und property to the United States for sixty million dollars, axe wholly destitute of truth. No offer to sell our lines or any of our property has bee i made or authorized to be made, directly or indiiectly, either to the United States or to tay other party; nor has any officer of this company, or agent thereof, or other person, made or been authorized to make any negotia? tion, or to do or say anything 'relating to such sale, or any sale whatever. In brief, our Lines have not been, are not now, and will not here? after, while entrusted to the management of the undersigned, be offered for sale. WILLIAM OE T ON, President. B. B. MCALPIN, Vica-President. O. H. PALMER, Secretary and Treasurer. Our Washington Dispatches. THE PBXSTDENT AND GRANT-M'CULLOCH SUPS CT-THE AT.AW4T*. CONSTITUTION-THE NEW MTMBTEB. WASHINGTON, February 6.-The President's reply to General Grant's letter of the 3d inst, was transmitted to Grant to-day. Its publica? tion in a few days is expected. Secretary McCuiloch has been painfully in? jured by a fall on the ice in the street. A special telegram to the New York World, from Montgomery, Alabama; considers the de? feat of the nsw constitution certain. It says the h ea vi oat part of the vote is polled, but the same ratio for the two remaining days will de? feat the constitution by twenty-five thousand votes. Generals Sherman, Thomas, and other dis? tinguished military men are at Cincinnati to organize the Anmy of the Cumberland So? ciety. The new British Minister will be presented to the President to-morrow. No allusion will'. bo made to the Alabama claims, and only the usual complements will be exchanged. - Congressional. WASHINGTON, February G. -IN THE HOUSE the naturalized citizens' bill was discussed. The army appropriation bili of thirty-three million was reported. The discussion de? veloped the fact that the total appropriation for the fiscal year 1868-69, was about two hun? dred and seventy-six millions, moluding twenty five millions for soldiers and sailors. The civil appropriation bill waa resumed. As reported, it amounts to seventeen millions two hundred and fifty thousand. Without action the House adjourned. IN THE SENATE the memorial of the Arkan? sas convention, asking the power to remove State officers, and stating that the high ones were enemies of the country, was referred to the Judiciary Committee. A petition from Charles Schneider and one ^Jujndred and fifty of the colored citizens of y North Carolina, asking aid to emigrate to ' Liberia, was referred to the Committee on Fi? nance. The Reconstruction bill was resumed. A bill, sending one or more officers to Havre to represent the United States at the maritime exhibition, was passed. Two finance bills were reported, and the Senate adjourned. The Reconstruction Conventions. Tacana, RICHMOND, February 6.-An amendment de? claring ineligible as Governor any person who bas aided the rebellion, was defeated by a de? cided majority. NORTH CAROLINA. RALEIGH, February 6.-The convention to? day passed a tax bill for the payment of the per diem of members; also, a resolution re? questing General Conby to prohibit the sale and sacrifice of property now under execution. The article of the constitution on Government and State Executive was amended so as to re? quire their election for a term of four years. GEORGIA. ATLANTA, February 6. -A motion to recon? sider the vote taken yesterday, and a motion to substitute the constitution of 1865, with amendments for that reported by the commit? tee, was tabled. The death of delegate Richardson, who was shot on Monday, was announced, and the con? vention adjourned. MISSISSIPPI. JACKSON, February 6.-The convention nomi? nated a State ticket to-day. FLORIDA. TALLAHASSEE, February 6.-The convention is still in secret session and without a quorum. It hus passed au ordinance authorizing the is? sue of scrip for the payment of expenses. The constitution is completed, and the convention will probably adjourn to-morrow. Only a mi? nority was present, among whom were the five members alleged to be ineligible. Tue whole matter has been laid before General Meade by telegraph. The Maryland Senator. ANNAPOLIS, February 6.-The legislature have unanimously adopted a resolution au? thorizing the Governor to issue a certificate to Mr. Hamilton to succeed Reverdy Johnson. Governor Swann has heretofore withheld the certificate under the law giving one Senator to the eastern shore of Maryland. Attorney-Gen? eral Jones sustains the validity of Hamiltou'H election. I North Carolina Convention. RALEIGH, February 6.-The convention wae largely attended to-day by delegates and visi? tors. The report of the committee for the or? ganization of the Conservatives in the coming elections was adopted, and is considered sim? ple but efficient. The platform is confined to live issues, end mainly to opposition to uni? versal negro suffrage. The common sentiment is that Governor Yanoe excelled himself in his speech to the convention to-day. Delegates were appointed to the National Democratic Convention. The Conservatives are highly elated at their success. ?. Alabama Ratification Election. MONTGOMEBV, February 6.-The third day's voting is 371 negroes and four whites. General Meade has extended the elections for one day longer. - - Louisiana Affairs. NEW ORLEANS, February 6.-Street Commiii sioner Baiter refused to giva up his office when presented with General Hancock's order by h s j successor. He subsequently gave way. Toe New Torte Convention. SYRACUSE, N. Y., February 6.-The Republi? can State Convention instructs its delegates to vote as a unit for Grant and Fenton. The resolutions are very radical, and deprecate Seward's purchases. Every district is repre? sented. Market Reports. NEW YORE, February 6-Neon.-Sterling )? Gold Al j. Old Bonds 111$; Virginia's, new, 40$; Tennessee ex-coupons 63.?; new GC i. Flour firm and lower. Wheat drooping. Corn steady. Fork $2287$. Colton firmer at Iii. Turpentine 59aG0. Rosin quiet. EVENING.-Cotton more active; ?a?c. bett? r; sales 3200 bales at 19?al9$c, closing at fie latter rate. Flour dull; Stat? S&SOalb.rS; Southern declining at $10.15. Wheat drooping. Corn a shade firmer. Mixed Western, new, $1.26al.28; old $1.35; Southon white $1.21al.??8; yellow $1.23. Mess Fork, new, $22.40; old $21.!?5. Lard 13$al4$c. Groceries quiet and firm. Turpentine 53a59?c. Rosin $8.87$. Freights on Cotton Jajc. Gold closed strong at 42$. Governments dosed steady; 5-20's or '65 at V?; of '67 at li. BALTOIOBE, February 6.-Cotton buoyant at 19c Flour steady, with a good shipping de? mand, at $9 50al0. Wheat steady, bat receipts light. White' Corn $115all6; Yellow a od Western Mixed $120. Oats 75. Bye dull at 55 a58. Provisions firm and active. Bulk Sides Halli; Shoulders,8?a9f. CINCINNATI, February 6.-Flour un chan pod with a moderate demand. Corn firm in gc od demand. In the ear 85a86c. No demand Tor shelled. Mess Pork dull and nominal at $21.75 a23. AtratrsTA, February 6.-Cotton market vury active, and advanced ?c.; Bales 1625 bales; re? ceipts 970 bales; Middlings 17c. Receipts of the week 4200 bales. SaleB for the same time 5090 bales. SAVANNAH, February 6.-Cotton opened firm and closed active, with aj advance of ic; Jiid dlings, 18$; sales, 2709 bales; receipts, 2143; receipts of the week, 18,910 bales; exports sime time, 16,174 bales, of whioh 7123 were to for? eign ports and 9051 coastwise; stock on hand. 60,801 bales of Uplands, 2409 Sen Islands; sides of the week, 8530 bales; exports to-day, 1 .,018 bales. Nsw ORLEANS, Febraary 6.-Cotton active; Middling, 18al8fc sales, 3600; receipts, 3)37; exports, 1240. Storfing, 52|a52|; Gold, ??9$a *0. . 'Oki . WILMINGTON, February^.-Turpentine active at 58c. Rosin-the lowor grades in good de? mand; Strained $2 20; No 2, $2 25; low No. 1, $2 50. Cotton active and advanced ?c.; : did? dling, 17$c. Tar fir J at $2 20. GENERAL LONGSTREET ra NEW YOBX_A New York letter says: I had the pleas nie of an hour's conversation with General Long? street this afternoon. The General has been two weeks in New York, solely on business. He did not expect to be detained BO long, but the matters demanding his attention are now nearly settled, and he will soon return to New Orleans. He has been visited by a numb sr of prominent gentlemen, among them se,-eral who desired to talk politics, with him, but on this subject he has preferred to say Lit tl-3. I am surprised to find a man of his fane so youthful in appearance. He does not look over forty-five ; his cheeks, full and without a wrinkle, are as ruddy as a boy's, and tb :meh his hair and the beard on the lower part c f his face are ?ber a dy sprinkled with gray, hs has all the appearance of a mau in the very mid? summer of life. He converses in a low olear tone, giving his views in plain, concise senten? ces, and in a manner so unobatrusive that the person ho addresses can hardly imagine he ie listening to the famous General Longstreet. A moment's conversation with him shown that he is a true gentleman, and a man possessing the best quality of common sense. Many may doubt tho wisdom of hip political views, but his unselfishness and sincerity should not be questioned. Speaking of my impressions alone, without implying anything in tbe con? versation, I ao "Ot believe any position that could be offereu him would induce General Longstreet to leave private for political l?o. THE DRESS OF ABYSSINIAN LADIES.-The wo? men's dress consist of a long Bkirt rei .ching down to their feet, made of the common coun? try oloih, and tied round the waist by a small band of the same material. Those who can afford it wear also the gabeer or the shaman, like the men. The waizeras, or ladies ol' rank, wear embroidered calico shirts lined -vith a common native one. Some of these shirts are very handsomely embroidered. When travel? ling, the waizeras also wear embroidered brow? sers, called "b'balwas," and a shama thrown over the head, as well as covering the body, leaving only a small aperture for tho dark blaoa eyea to peep through. Those of the highest rank wear ovor the shama a blue silk bernons, richly embroidered. SU ver lings ten on tho small finger, four on the index, and four on the third finger-are seen on almost every female's h ai d. The other article i of fe? male jewelry aro the dori, a small silver chain; the godichas, small round ear-rings o.' silver ) gilt; tho walwa, a silver gilt hair-pin; the am- j bar or bracelet; the ugerkitabs and al ways two different kinds of anklets. Virgils and unmarried women shave the crown cf their head; married women and those past sixteen years of ago allow all the hair to crow, and wear it braided in small or large plaits, gath? ered in front, and allow to fall on tho nock and shoulders. Butter in large abundance adorns this coiffure; tho greater the amount the more it indicates wealth and rank. To complete the toilet, the hands and feet are dyed with gou chivat, and eyelashes blacked with koo .. -Once a Week, a well-known London publi- j cation, has some hints to sportsmen ia a late . number. It describes especially the proper dress, and says : "Aa to the covering; of thc I feet, let all idea ot keeping out the wet be j abandoned, and with it the clumsy jixk-boot that comes above tho knee. A short sort o? : Wellington boot, with thick aolo, and atiff, j well-dresaed leather top, large enough to ad? mit of the bowsers being tucked inside, ia pethaps aa good for the purpose as ? ny that can be devised; but so long as freedom is se? cured to the foot and leg, and the boot it. strong, it matters not in the least of what shr.pe it is. As regards the rest of the costume, a stout, easy-fitting suit, with coat and waiscoat fined with flannel, should be worn, and by all means a 'sou'-WL'ster'-not the wretched substitute palmed off upon the unwary as 'a much lighter article,' und called sometimes the shepherd's hat. hut the real thing which sailor's love. It is the most independent head-dress that can bo worn, for it protects ngainat all weather, and the stronger the wind, the more ?loselv it adheres to the head." OUR FIRST RAILROAD. ORIGIN- FROGHES8-COMPLETION. PAST BISTORT AND PRESENT CONDITION. FORTY YEARS AGO-TEE FIRST RAILROAD-KARLY MOVEHENT8-BEGINNING) THE WORE-FAIRLY ?NLEB WAT-SPEED TN 1833-TBE GREAT WEST-TRAFFIC-COMPLETION. ?a, &a, to. POET Y TEARS AGO. The Charleston of forty years ago was, in many respects, very different from the Charles- 1 ton of to-day. At that time the High School 1 was not organized; but the Orphan House, less 1 complete and picturesque than it nowie, was iii > active operation. The Charleston College, which was incorporated in 1783, had been revived in 1 1823; and a year later Drs. E. Geddings, of South 1 Carolina, Garvin, of Georgia, Webb, of South : Carolina, and Felder, of South Carolina, grad- j < nated from the Medical College in this city. 11 The St. Andrew's, St. George's and South Caro? lina Societies were already widely known, and i were fuelling the benevolent purposes for \ which they had been founded. But, while the i collego, the almshouse, the Behool, and chari- j I table society had been established, commerce I 1 and goneral trade had not been forgotten. ? Forty years ago, no line of railroad entered < Charleston; no iron band bound Georgia, and t Virginia, and the North, to thc metropolis of i Carolina. No swilt-moving steamers ploughed 1 the quiet waters of Ashley or Cooper River; no I huge propeller, or whirring wheel, drove tbe vast bull which, with its thousand bales of cot? ton, was moving slowly towards Manhattan f Island, or those English shores which still t rang with the remembrance of a long and t bloody war. The wharves already extended 1 from the Battery to Hasel-street; but they t knew nothing of the immense trade which j ? would pour upon them twenty,years later. A I 1 sailing packet and a country wagon were the ^ signs of those old, yet happy, days. Financial j facilities were abundant. The Union Bank, I c the Planters' and Mechanics' Bank, and the I 8 Bank of the State, were doing their business f quietly, and respectably; and the merchants I < and factors, during the quiet hours of the day, I f read the "Courier'' or the "Mercury," or per- 8 haps discussed the contenta of the latest issue of the "Southern Patriot," then edited by the *' now venerable T. N. Cardoza. Mails arrived I 0 irregularly, and editors were pnt to hard shifts I 0 to find "later and fresher news;" but, when the ^ reguLir journals were exhausted, recourse could 8 be had to the richly laden shelves of the I c Charleston Library, and the excellent collection a of books possessed by the Apprentice's Libra- ? ry Society. The Charleston Chamber of Com- n merci}, which waa founded in 1783, and in 1803 I( had fallen into disuse, renewed its charter just 'J forty years ago; and its members drew up a me- c morin! to Congress against what was then known I ti aa the "Bill of Abominations." This memorial 11 is said to have been the drat protest against a & protective tariff which waa sont to Congress c from the South. tl Forty years ago men wore living who had b fought with Sumter or Marion, Green or Lee; I ? and gentle-women walked on tho battery who ti bud witnessed tho British evacuation, and had waved their kerchiefs to the returning troops b of freed Carolina. lu those days tho city ex- I I tended only to Boundary, now Calhoun-atreot, " bat a few scattered houses beyond the limits OJ ?bowed that the city was quietly creeping ol northward. Hayne-street, Meeting - street, aj King-street, in their present garb, were thon P unknown. The great fires had not swept from w shore to shore, and made a way for iron fronts P and modern decorations. Merchants did their u business in King-etreet, whero the principal d trade waB centred. Day by day, the long tl trains of wagons loaded with indigo, tobacco I ai and cotton, rolled in from tho interior, lining I a Eing-streot from one end to the other. Tho Charleston Hotel and the Mills House were still 0 in thc womb of the future; and tho laehiouablo S hotel was tho Planter's, at the corner of S Charon, and Queen streets. I a' But forty years ago the bells of St. Michael's chimed with mellow notes tho call to prayer d and praise. They obimsd in the midst of a t] temperate, honorable, united, aud God-fearing I ' people;- thoy chime still, but they, and the b circumstances of all around them, are sadly * and pitifully changed. i D TBE FIRST RAILROAD. I 8 It is a little moro than forty years ago that I c tho practicability of railroad communication I with the interior was first discussed in South t' Carolina. Horse power waa all that was contem- & plated; and those who favored the project be-11 lieved that horse power alone, upon a rail or 1t tram-way, would be BO superior to tho ordi- ti nary road aa to bo highly piofitablo to the com- ti pany as well as convenient to the public. One ?" of tho earliest projectors was Mr. Alexander I D EL ?.ck, an Iris): m an by birth, and a man of great energy and perseverance. He was ably seconded by Mr. Tristram Tupper, a man of ' great force and considerable influence; and " Mir. Wm. Aiken, Gov. Bennett, Mr. B. J. How- d land, and Dr. Samuel H. Diokaon, gave tho un- P dertakiag a hearty and consistent support. & Thean gentlemen mot with every kind of dis- 0 couragement. They were laughed at and told 11 that they were vague dreamers,-that wagons v wure good enough, that there was not trade I enough to support a railroad, and at thom was 8 hurled every objection with which anti-Phillis- 0 tinea have been threatened since the world be- I gan. One gentleman, at a public meeting, said * that it waa well known that only about three ? persons came through from Augusta at each r bip of the stage, which then ran three timea a 1' week. No one denied thia fact, and the apeaker t continued thua : "Suppose you iucreaae trade, c auppoee you double the communication be- t tween the two cities and bring down six pas- 1 Bangers eaoh trip; supposo eveu tbat you t treble it, and bring down nine passengers oich I trip;-I aak you, aa sensible and practical men, will that support a railroad ?" t But Mr. Black and Mr. Tupper, and their e friends, would not be disheartened. They per- t severed, they made converts, they gainod t strength; aud, as tho result of their labors, t South Carolina may claim : J L Tho flret railroad of any considerable I size built in the United StatcJ. S 2. The first steam propelled cars, running c regularly with passengers and baggage, in the t world. c. 3. The first application of American im- i ?provementa to locomotives and passenger t coaches, which improvements have since been 1 almost universally adopted. c EARLY. MOVEMENTS. I In 1827, tho charter of tho South Carolina t Canal and Railroad Company waa obtained by { Major Black, and, in February of that year, boolts were opened for additional subscrip- ] tions. The stock waa all taken, although not f until a late hour of the night; and in May, 1828, i the company wa8 formally organized. The com- i missioners to open subscription booka under i tho charter, were William Law, David Ewart i and Jamea Boatwright, of Columbia; Thomas 1 Lang, James J. Murray, and Charles J. Shan jon, of Camden; Christian Brighthaup, Pan Fitzaimons, and Samuel L. Watt, of Hamburg md Timothy Ford, Stephen Elliott, and Ben 3odard, of Charleston. Little, however, was really done for som months. The work hung fire; but, in Febru iry, 1629, an experiment which was made 01 {Ventworth-street, where Mr. MemmiDger'i louse now stands, turned public attentioi mew to the railroad project. To show the ad Mintages of a railroad or tram-way, a railroac )f one hundrel and fifty feet in length wai aid down, and upon tbis tram one mule drew without difficulty, a car containing forty-sever )ales of cotton. It ia true that the rails were aid on a slight incline, but the success of thc rial was still surprising. Only twomonthi ater, a temporary track, about one hundrec ind seventy yards long, was laid on Chisolm'f SVharf, and upon it the rails for the South Caro? ma Company were moved from the ship tc he shore. It worked admirably, and the only iccident was that a boy, who was taking s ilandoBtine ride, fell from the truck and had lis leg cut off. In June, 1629, a meeting of the stockholders vas held. It was resolved to commence the York at once, and the directors were author zed to construct and complete forthwith a lortion of the road between Charleston and hamburg. Five hundred tons of rails had al? ready been received, and in December an act >f the legislature was passed authorizing an id vince of $100,000 by the State to the oompa iy by way of loan. This practical aid gave if'e and strength to the company, and in Jan? ian-, 1830, the work was commenced. BEOn?ND?G THE WORK. There was /.till prejudice and ignorance to ight against; and, to save themselves from sa ire and ridicule, the directors stole quietly out 0 Line-street, on the night of January 9th, .830, and turned the first sod of what is now be South Carolina Railroad. There was no 1 arado and fuss, silver shovel or plated bar f*vr, -the work was begun, and those might ?ugh who won. But since 1827 new discoveries had been nade. The practicability, of the application ol team power to railroad locomotion had been ally demonstrated, and the Directors of the lharleston aud Hamburg Hoad, giving np heir idea of a horse railroad, resolved that toam power alone should be used. Tho first of April 1830, was a "golden day" a the estimation of railroad men. One mile f the iron track had been laid, and a number f persons sailed gaily up tho road. They had ut a weak four-wheeled car, with a large quare sall; but, propelled by the wind, it arried thirteen persons 'and three tons of iron t the rate of from twelve to fifteen miles an our. By the middle of June two and a hall liles of the road had been completed, and two icometives were ready for work. A little i ter eighty-eight miles of the road were undoi ontract, and, for the edification of the multi ude, a minia turo working model of a locomo ive was exhibited at the company's office. In .ugust the subscription to make np the capi al to 1600,000 was complete, and in November tie "Beat Friend," of Booth Carolina, made er first appearance in the State, which she nd her successors were destined to revolu .01) izo. The "Boat Friend," the first railroad engine uilt io the United States, was designed by [r. E. L. Miller, of Charleston, and was built i New ?ork. She was a small four-wheeled agine, with an upright boiler, with flues lose to the bottom, and the flames circulating round them. The engine was bronght out in arts, and put together in this city. But, even ben complete, she was far different from the owerful and handsomely decorated locomo ves-with their ten wheels, their artistically ecoratcd cabs, their ingenious spark arrestors, mir brilliant lamps, the gilding, the pain tin g ad the varnish,-with which we are now fa diiar. The "Best Friend," however, was the first oomotivo engine that had been seen in the outb, and its performances on its trial trip in 'ecomber 1830, were regarded with wonder nd, perhaps, apprehension. In January of the following year, 1831, the ireotors were formally authorized to locate ne road, and by the end of the month the Beat Friend" was running over eight miles of raok to Goose Creek. But in June the "Best 'riend" met with a serious accident. Her oiler3 blow up, and the engineer .vas severely calded. This was not allowed to daunt the ncrgy cf our first railroad men. Tho "Best riond" waa rebuilt by the company, and, as he "Phoenix," was again placed on the road. ? till the work was pushed on. In August, 832, the road waa completed to Summerville, wenty-ono and a half miles, and two locomo ives were running on tho road. In December he road was opened to Branchville, and the cubters mid sceptics bogan to fear that they .ad wept and foreboded in vain. FAIRLY CSDEE WAT. Sixty-two miles were now open, and trains rere running with conaiderable regularity, "he road was in fair condition, but it was very ifferont from tho road-beda and railroad su? perstructures of twenty years later. Heavy T nd bridge rails were unknown; and those used n the South Carolina Railroad were nothing lore than fiat iron bars about three inches in ,'idth and five-eighths of an inch in thickness, t was considered necessary that tho rails hould be made rigid and have but little spring r play, and a sleeper waa used upon which the ad hy along its entire length, and to which it ras spiked. This plan, however, had some lisadvantages. Tho spikes became loose, the aile cracked and bent; and, occasionally, the jose ends would fly up, ran through the boc om of the cars, and place.the heads and bodies if the passengers in imminent peril. Tradi ion says that upon ono occasion a passenger lad his coat aleova torn off by one of these in ruding rails, but no lives aro known to have ?eeii lost by any auch cause. During tho year 1832 an act was pa3aed by he legislature exempting certain officcra and imployees of the company from jury and mili ia duty, and authorizing thc company to run heir trains from their terminus on Line-atreet o the boundary lino of tho city, at what ia now mown as Calhoun-street. Eighteen hundred and thirty-three was sa eventful year. In Aprd the road waa lomploted to Midway, seventy-two miles, md a ?iain was run up to that point at tho rate ftwolvo miles au hour. Much to the aston sliment of the good poople of Charleston, the rain wont up and returned on tho same day. h October the entire road to Hamburg was ?ompleted and thrown open for traffic. The nain Uno of the South Carolina Railroad was m accomplished fact, and it will be well to rlancoat tho company's condition. The entire capital of the South Carolina Xaflroa?, in 1833, was f681,340, including the Kate loan of $100,000. In addition to this ?hero was a floating debt of about $200,000. It vas estimated that the freight receipts of the road would be about $250,000, and the passen? ger receipts $200,000. This was then thought to be a high estimate, but the receipts of the road have boen,-excluding the war period and including the Columbia and Camden branches, -$1,030,566 from passengers in 1859, and $499,000 from freight in the same year. The road was fairly stocked with engines and cars, but they were of a weak and incom? plete description. The engine "Phoenix," for instance, was three-horse power-and was capable of hauling six thousand pounds of freight. The ?'West Point" was eleven horse power, and could haul five c?rs of a oapaoity of two thousand pounds each ; and the " Barnwell, " a mammoth among the locomotives of thirty years ago, was twenty four-horse power, and could haul ten cars ot two thousand pounds each. It is interesting to compare these locomotives with those of the present day, which have a powor of three hundred horses, weigh from twenty to twenty-six tons, and can haul with ease twenty cars of a capacity of sixteen thou? sand pounds each, or an aggregate of three hundred and twenty thousand pounds. The cars, also, were more curious than com? fortable The freight cars ran on four wheels, had wooden framea, and were covered in at the sides with canvas curtains. The passenger coaches were of the same description. They were divided into compartments holding about eight persons each, which compartments were entered at tho side. There was no passage, as at present, alone; tbo entiro length of the car ; nor could tho passengers in one compartment, while tho train was in motion, communicate with thoBO in another compartment, whatever the necessity or dangor. Some of the cars wore built in the shape of a barrel, so as to combine "great strength with small resistance to thc air." They were hooped and banded, and could not well be broken, but they were far from boinjr either ploaaunt or safe. Charlestouiana were spurred on by the work that they saw around them, and the Arm of Easou & Dotterer contracted with the com? pany to budd a locomotive in this city for the South Carolina Railroad. Of this locomotive our contemporary, the "Courier," recently spoke aa follows : "There are those now in our midst who recollect the trial trip of the little "Native," and the incidents connected there? with. Steam being raised, the engineer in charge was directed to run up the road until he met the down train, and then return to the oity. The day passed, and night came on, but nothing was heard of the little "Native." Many were the discouraging predictions made by those who were wedded to the belief that Charleston mechanics could not build a locomo? tive. Some went so far as to abuse the build? ers, by saying' that the 'confounded little thing had broken down, and obstructed the road, thus delaying the arrival of the incom? ing train.' Their surpriso, however, was great, when, at a later hour in the night, the little "Nativo" carno puning down the road, drawing the whole train, including the great English Locomotive. It seems that the engineer, in pursuance of instructions, proceeded up the road until he met the down train, which was at a much greater distance than was anticipated, on account of the locomotive attached having been disabled from some causo. This unlook? ed for event gave the little "Native" au oppor? tunity to test her powers fully. Her arrival was announced with long and loud cheers, and many were the praises bestowod upon tho en? terprising builders." Thia, to the best of our knowledge, was the first locomotive engine contracted to be built m Charleston by a Charleston firm, and by Charleston mechanics. No considerable income had yet been re? ceived, but eetimates were prepared, and it waa believed that tho net profita would amount to at least 17 per cont, on the capital. This point was never reached, but tho company did tn 1856 pay a dividend at tho late of 10 per sent, por annual, a rate with which the present shareholders would be perfeotly well sacie nod. SPEED IN 1833. Early in 1831, Hr. Allen, the engineer of the company, recommended that tho speed of the brains be limited to ten miles an hour. Amongst other reasons, be stated that Mr. Stephenson, the famous railroad ougineor, in reply to an inquiry of the Preaidont of tho Boston and Lowell Railroad bad said that "the speed of lo? comotives should not exceed eight miles aa hour for 'reight trains, and sixteen miles for passenger trains,-the latter spood being yielded to, not from considerations of economy ot durability, but sololy to gratify the public in. their wishes for rapid travelling." Besides thia grave authority, the President of another railroad was cited, who said: "Tho motion of twenty to thirty milos an hour on railroads is fatal to wagons, loading, and road, as well as to human life." All which waa very terrible, and, added to tho fact that the English eight wheel engines broke down on tho road besides damaging the road bed and pounding the rails, induced the directors, in 1833, to consider the propriety of abandoning steam and adopting horse-power. Thia backward 9tep was, of course, soon retraced. The American ougines were found to bo freo from tho disadvantages of tho Eng?'sh engines, and the trains con? tinued to rum bio along at the rate of ton or twelve miles an hour. [t was not pleasant travelling in those days, bul it was far better than the wagon Ute be? tween Georgia and Carolina. Tho road was running regularly from two to four trains, and by January, 1834, thc buainess of the company had groatly morcas ed. Ita advantages were beginning to bo understood; it wa9 in a lesa degree a subject for fear and wonder, and per? sons became willing to trust thomselvos whore they had already trustod their servants or their cotton. CONNECTIONS WITH THE WE8T. In 1835, sufficient had been seen to show the vast benefits of railroad communication, and in October of that year, a public meeting waa held in this city to consider what oould be done to advance the scheme of connecting Charles? ton with the Ohio river. An appeal from the citizens of Cincinnati waa extensively circu? lated, and, soon rifler tvarcla, it was recommend? ed by the committee having the mattor in charge, that tho appeal bc responded to, and allpoasibk 'td lo c.-ivon. Bishop Elliott, in tho "Southern Review," in 1828, had demon? strated tho importance to Charleston of build? ing c line of railroad which should drain the trade of the West, and tho idea soon spread and becamo tieneraliy popular. Mr. Poinsett, Mr. James Nicholson) Mr. Charles Edmonston, and Mr. Elias Bony, were ardent advocates of the Cincinnati connection, and an able address explaining the wholo scheme was speedily pub? lished. In thia addre 38 there was the following paragraph : "Railroads can only exist while dispensing blessings or affording protection, "hey can never bo used as the instrtunont of war and conquest." Eut the writers of tho address could not look forward to 1861 or 1865, nor could they have foreseen tho inauguration of tho United States Military Railroads, or the power that the railroad system would develope for war and conquest, as well as for the indus? tries of peace. TBAFflC. The credit of the South Carolina Railroad was good, and in 1836, its shares were selling at twenty-five per cent, premium. There w?s an average of fil ty passengers passing each day over the line, and this was considered to be a great improvement upon the etaging days, when the tri-weekly coaches usually brought about foi ir passengers a trip. In 1859, however, the roi id carried four hundred and seventy-one passengers per day, a result never dreamed of by the original projectors. 1888 TO 1844. Eventful as were the years from 1838 to 1844, it is necessary to pass them over as briefly as possible. They vere foll of interest and im? portance, but their long consideration would lela y the appro i .ch to the period when the South Carolina ilailroad in ita present form ?ame into cor pori te existence. Early in 1838 ground was broken on the 0 ilumbia branch which was to connect Charleston, by the Charleston and Hamburg Road, with Columbia. Shortly afterwards it ?vas determined to make Branchville the con? necting point; giound was broken, and during :he year the w role of the proposed branch ice waa located. Shortly afterwards, an in? crease of rates Ot transportation upon the line ?rom Charleston to Hamburg was authorized, but, after Genen 1 Hay ne'e death, in 1839, the Inancial affairs of the new company became so D volved that it uss doubtful whether the con ?nuation of the Columbia branch was in any ivay practicable. In the first months of the 'olio win g year, however, vigorous efforts were nade for the p ut hin g on of the Columbia road, rheao efforts vere tn a measure successful, ind in July, 1(40, the branch wes opened to Drangeburg, eighteen miles, and in the follow ng October it was opened to Lewiaville, thirty niles. At this time the South Carolina Bail road was operating both its own line, from Charleston to Hamburg, and the Louisville,' Cincinnati and Charleston line, as far as com? pleted, from lin neb.ville to Columbia. The financial convulsion of 1841 caused a rreat falling off in railroad business, and the itaguation of brade in the State caused the ?ecoipts of the railroads to decrease. Still it vas gratifying to know that the roads had )een carefully managed. Not one passenger iad been killed from the day that the first iron >ar had been laid on the railways of South karolina, and but one passenger had been se? riously injured. On the other hand, the zeal >f the employees of the company had led them o incur unnecessary risk, and no less than ten igen ts had at different times been killed. In the year 1841 thirty-four miles of the Columbia branch from Branchville were com? peted, and, in this year, au undertaking of ;reat importance was accomplished. As far back a? 1887, the work of substituting imbankments lor trestle-work had been begun, md it was determined to relay the whole road vith danged rails, in place of the flatiron rail?, vhieh were particular lyjaois y, and had the un? pleasant habit, already referred to, of rearing hemselves at random through car bottoms md passenger; ' beads. This work of aubs ta? uting the flan! jed rails was completed in 1841, o the great pl assure of all persons travelling >n the road. In July, 1842, the Columbia branch was cou? ple ted, and th< total income of the two roads torn Charlea tc n to Hamburg and from Branch? ville to Columbia-waa for the six months inding June SMI, 1843, $215,982. The roads now jogan tobe wcrkedjointly, and the sharehold ?rs passed resolutions looking to the running of light trains w len freight could be obtained to ustify it. Tae policy of the roads was do :lored to be: frequent trains, low rates, good rolling stock ? nd equipment, concert of action vith roads in Georgia, and au extension of the Charleston terminus to the wharves. Here vas a compendium of sound railroad policy;-a policy that wi :h necessary exceptions has been itrictly adherid to for more than thirty years. TSE CAMDEN BRANCH. During the year 1842, permission was grant id the citizens of Camden and Kershaw Dia? ne 13 to construct a branch to connect Cam len with the South Carolina Railroad, and, in december 1844, an act ot incorporation was rrar tod by the legislature. The Columbia ind Brauchvilc and Hamburg and Charleston loads wore now really one company, and it will >e well to explain how the consolidation of the wo com panic s was effected. BUCKHIES::EH-HAY.-OntheSOth of Januaiy. ty the Bev. Di B-ICHXAM, Mr. WILLIAM 0. BUCK* IIE31EB to Mas MARY EMILY HAY, both ot tula Ity. * CHASE"-SI RANGEWAY-in the City of Kew rori;, on Thursday evening, January 23d, 1868, by hs Bev. T. A. EATON. Mr. CHARLES L. CHASE, if Ulis city, ti Misa JENNIE A. SIRANGEWAY, ot s's vi York. Jinwtx? Mia. ?f? The Prie nd s anti Ac ojSfcin tarnee? of Hrs. CAROLINE F. BEHLING,her sons andtheir amllles, and her daughter, Mn. F. HzmnuBH, ire respectful ly Invited to attend the Fuserai Service >f the forma'' at the German Lutheran Church, cor, isr Anson an 1 Hasel atreets at 9 o'clock Thu After? noon, withou ; further invitation. * February 7 ?bitnar?. DIED, m this city, on the 2ith ultimo, Miss CAROLINE fi*. ?-OLLEE, in the 73d year of her igt . Simpli and guileless of heart, amiable and benevolent ia disposition, fervent in piety, full of good works, she has paased from time to eternity "In the cont: dence of a certain faith, in the comfort of a reason i bio, relisions and holy hope, in favor with God, ai id in perfect charity with the world." * H.t. A Sjifri?l Wets. OST NOTICE.-ALL PERSONS HAVING claims agah at the CHARLESTON RUBBER COM? PANY w.U j resent them at the Office ot RUTLEDGE 4 YOUNO, ??er order. JOSIAH J. BURGESS, February 7 1*_Treasurer. ?-UM 1ER DECREE IN EQUITY-I ROSI v.-. THE FARMERS* AND EXCHANGE BANK OF CHARLES; ON.-Bids will be received in writing by the under*! rued until 12 o'clock, M., of Monday, the 24th day 0? February, 1868, for tho PURCHASE of all or any p art of the Personal Asset* of the Femara' and Eichai ge Bank of Charleston, a wording to the schedule tl ereof on file in this Offloe. JAMBS TUPPEB, January ll ? ml Master in Equity. ?rSOTJTH CAROLINA COLLETON DIS? TRICT.-Hs" EQUITY.-BILL TO MARSHAL AS SETTS. AND FOB INJUNCTION, DIRECTIONS AND DOWER.-WILLIAM GODFBEY ET UX, EXECUTOR OF M. E. CABN VS. MARY E. CARN ET AL.-It appearing to my satisfaction that M AB Y J. GILLING, one of the d?fendants in this cane, is absent froi a, and resides beyond th? limits of this State, on motion of O. F. WILLIAMS, complain, ant's solid tor, ordered that the said MABY J. GEL? LING do E ppear, and plead, answer or demur, to the bill filed ii. this case, within forty days from the pub Ucaticn htreof, or an order to take the bill pro con? futo willie granted and entered against her. B. STOKES, C. E. C. D. Commii stoner's Office, Waltarboro', 14th Jan. 1868. January 17 f* tfST A ' FACT WORTH KNOWING.-THE best Investment for an invalid, who suffers from debility oe loss of appetite, ls a bottle of PAEE KIN'S Hepatic Bitters, aa lt will ba sure to give relief. For sale 1 ry all Druggists, f Spt?i?l Hut?as. JH-THE FOLLO WING NAMES ABE SUG? GESTED as Directors of the South Oirollni Hail ro*d Company : BTO CEHOLDEB. W. J. MAGRATH. E.J. PELZEB. G. W. WILLIAMS. L. D. DESAOSSUBE. H. COBlA. JNO. KANCZEL. H. H. DELEON. JT. 8. GIBBES. G. A. TJbENHOLM. A. J. WHITE. L. J. PATTERSON. B. H. BICE. C. T. MITCHELL. . A 8LM0NDS. W. A CODE .TENAX February 1 ?tTPALMETTO HAIR RENEWER AS HS mane indica:es, is not only 6 BESTOBEB and RE? NEWER, but abo,a splendid dreaatn? for the bair. It also removes dandruff, and eurea all dlaoates^ of the scalp, and leaves tho head etan, coot and keaWty. lt is recommended and used by tie highett medloal authority. Give it ? trial. For' tale by Druggiata and Merchants. DO WIE A MOISE, General Southern Agents, Charleston. January 29 _ wfm6 ?ar COMSTOCK'3 RATIONAL FOOD FOB INVALIDS, INFANTS AND DYSPEPTICS.-A con centra ted nouriuhraent, prepared from Liebhr'a formula; easily digested, by the weakest stomach; pleasant to the taste; highly recommended by;emi? nent Physicians i* a nutritious, health-res.toring food.. DOWIE ?MOISE, General Sootharn Agenta,, January 89_vim 6 Charleston, 8.0. tfA CARD.-WHAT 18 TARRAN PS BF FEBVESCENT SK LT ZEB AP ELTES T and what are Ita effects? These are questions which the ?mt Arnon can public haa a right to ask, sad lt bas also s right to expect a candid and satisfactory reply. The preparation ia a mild and gentle saline ca th artie, al? terative and tome and is most CAI of olly prepared in the form cf a snow white powder, containing' ailina wonderful medical properties of the far-famed Seh zer Springs of Germany. 0 Of ita effects we would aay that-those who have tested tho pr?par?t i - n are the best Judges, and they declare over their own signature?, that the jcefera ?on w?l promptly relieve indigestion. Regulate the flow of the bue. Ocre every specie of headache. Iranaualize the nervous system. Refresh and in? vigorate the weak. Mitigate the pangs of Rheuma? tlem. Neutralize acid in the stomach. Cleanse and tone the bowels. Assist tie tailing appetite. 'Cure the heartburn. " ' If you are a sufferer give this rsm edy one trial, aaa lt will convince you of the above tacts. - - ~ ?' Sold by all Druggiata. - TARRANT k CO, Sole Proprietors, New York. January 28 _28, agios 49" TRUTH STRANGER THAN FICTION. -NKWABZ, LXOEXSO Courra, OHIO, August 19, 186T.-Messrs. Hcerzrrx* ?k biara : Otntlmtn '? Hy wife having received so much benefit from your Bitter?, I deem it my duty to give testimony in their Savor. About one and a half years auwe shs bad a very severe attack of Dysentery, or Bloody Flux, which became chronic, and cor tinned for tho abo ve period of tune, baining the mest skilful physicians tn the country. We ii tally bec; ma dfiicotiragocL'and gave up all hope of her recovery, when, ? by accident my attention was called to yovr moat rssHMMMfc tera by Mesara. Collins k Thurston, Druggists, hand? ing me one of your Almanac?. Finding them recom? mended for Bloody Flux, I bought.one bottle,.and soinmenced giving according to directions; and before cms-third of th? betti* bad teen taken ak?'waa entirely cured, and enjoys perfectly good health St this time, liest reapecttully.yours, .t, _ a . . % ' > W. D. NTJTTEB. BBANOHVILLE, A LA., March' IL 18?7. Murrt. HG tidier ti Smith, Pittsburg, Pa.: ' ""'J D KAU S ma-I am hardly ablo to1 express my grati? tude lor tho benefit I have derived from the'uso of your srOMAOa BITTER &. I have boon 'afflicted with Liver complaint and Dyspepsia for more than nve years,' from which 1 annexed .BO little.. Ky physicians tailed to give me pe raunen t .relief, I be? came melancholy and, unhappy ; my ooa? tttatl on was much broken down by us.ng mercury.. Accidentally meeting with one of your Ah uanaes', it induced me to procure a lew bottles ol your Bitters, whiiu kfford ed me very great relier*'; and i ia my >lnc?re~opinlon that they wid soon eflect a permanent cure. T was pronounced uncurable, and my recovery through your Bitters wiU be little short of a miracle. ? My neighbors oxprea -surprise at seo'ng me ao much Improved in health, and look upon, my rapid re? covery as wen derru?. Gratefully; yours, o?_ > ROBERT Bj N LYTTON, February 8 - v/ci adj nr 6* pipping. FUR LIVERPOOL. THE FINE SHIP "NAUEAGANSETT," Tv A. BAUX-J? Master, having a large part ol her cargo engaged, win have du - Latch. ". ' For creight engagements.'-apply to Captain on board, orto. .. PATTERSON k STOCK, February i . oonth ?Sum Wharfi VESSELS WA ATEO, d GOOD BATES AND QUiCK DISPATCH GIVEN. Apply to RISLEY & CREIGH TON, Shipping and Commission Merchant?, January US Nc s. 143 and 1*6 East Bay. NEW TURK ANO CHARLESTON STEAMSHIP LINE.-FOE NEW TOBE. ?1 THE ELEGANT SIDE WHEEL ? STEAMSHIP ' MANHATTAN, M. Q s. WOOPHOXL q Cauimtndar, win pa kave Auger's South Wharf, tor the above pott on ' Saturday, 8th Instant, at ? o'clock P. M., precisely. .il For Freight or Passage, apply to JAMES ADGEB ftCo-:, Comer Kart Bay and H dgor *s south Wharf, February 7 3 . . Up ?talra. FOR GEORGETOWN, S. C. TOUCHING AT SOUTH ISLAND, EEIIFFIELD AND WAVERLY MILLS. THE FINE STEAMER EMI __ I LIE. Captain ISAAC DAVIS, having eon detail.ci by tho weather, will continu j to re? ceive Freight ThUD.iy, at isouth Commercial Wharf, and leave aa above To-Nigld, at 10 o'clock. Returning, will leave Georgetown' on Monday Morning, 10th inst, at 6 o'clock. . AU Freight must be prepaid. No Freight received alter ?unset. For Freight or Paasage, apply to SHAOKELFOLD A; SELLY, Agents, bo. 1 Boyce's Wharf. 49- S. t?. FRAZER, Ageot at Georgetown, 8. 0.. 49~ Hereat tex the steamer EthlLlE will make weekiy trii a to Georgetown, leaving Charleston every Friday Morning, at 7 o'clock, and Georgetown avery Monday Morning, at 6 o'clock. February 7_1 THROUGH TICKET? TO FLORIDA, BY CHARLESTON AND SAVANNAH STEAM PACKET LINE-SEMI-WEEKLY VIA BEAU? FORT AND HILTON HEAD-WEEKLY VIA BL?FFTON. STEAMER PILOT BOY.Capt W. T. McNaxxr. STEAMAR FANNIE. .Capt F. Pscx ONE OF THE ABOVE STEAM _ EBB will leave Charleston every Way and Thursday Night at 13 o'clock; and Savannah ov>-ry Wtdntscay and Saturday Morn? ing, at 7 o'cloc?r. 'loachinc st Bluffton on Mon? day, trip from Charles t , and Wednesday, trip trout Savannah. All Way Freight, also Blueten Wharfage, must be pre-(laid. For Freight or Paseajre, apply to . JO UN FER?US.ON, Accocuijodatton Wharf. January 16 ' ?_ FOR P.VLATKA, FLORIDA, VIA SAVANNAH, FFRNANDLNA, JACMONVILLE, AND ALL LANDINGS "ON 1HE ST. JOHN'S RIVER. STEAMERS DICTATOR AND .CITY POINT, wdl leave Charleston <y and Frilay Evenings, at 9 o'cJjrfJt, for above placea, and Sara nab > rvery Wednesday and Saturday, at 3 o'clock P. M. Steamer DICTAT OR, Capt L. M. COXXTTEB, talla Tuesday Evening, Ste mer CITY POINT, Capt 3. Assen, sails /Vi? tia y Evening. For Freight or Ps asare apply on board or at office of J. D. AIKEN k Cc., Agents, January 3 South ' A nantie Wharf.