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; HOW WARS Hostilities are XJsxiall; mal W Atlanta 1 / ' When the horrid reality of wstr bursts itself on a people, it is usually L as the result, not of design and grave ^ premeditation, with a calm weighing ii1 of consequences, but of some hasty action, born of passion and growing out of popular dislike, which amounts ki" ;to a distemper, aud is no more amena ?fble to reason than the cyclone is to H||he cooing*of a*dove. Only one case | of the formal lodgment of complaint j vj before actual hostilities has occurred i:"' in 170 years. The other wars were ? ?the immediate results of covert acts ll' committed by individuals or subordi nates who were incited and sustained V in their deeds by the inflamed state of ? ? public opinion, which came as the re f\ suit of causes of long standing. Nominally kings and chief execu ?' tives or legislatures declare war, but "0. the real incitement to hostilities f i. comes from the people themselves. 2 Public opinion grows slowly, or is Kfcindled like afire. Long smouldering ?Passions burst into flame, and spread with fearful rapidity. THE CIVIL WAR. The civil war in this country was years in coming on, and statesmen ; J had staved off the irrepressible con flict many times before it finally he ir- came an awful reality. There had been the old question of slavery , close rs '.ly connected with the greater one of ^ States' rights, oft recurring and many yr times compromised or evaded, when liait last the agitation became so bitter ??hat the murderous raid of John f Brown was applauded by Christian r p people. A year before the outbreak of hos tilities schoolboys in the streets of ^ Richmond were attacked by others ^.simply because they were Yankees. IAt the same time solemn-faced indi viduals in the land of steady habits were alluding to the Federal constitu tion as a,league with the devil and a covenant with hell, and were devoutly Sf hoping they might have opportunity io wade knee-deep in the blood of the Southern fire-eaters. The fire-eaters ?rere busy at the same time "firing Ithe Southern heart" and telling their audiences that one Southerner could whip ten Yankees. It was notsurpris Iing that in this condition of public . opinion the intention to reinforce ; Fort Sumter caused it to be fired on .by the Confederates. THE FIRST GUN. Those first guns of the war awoke the nation from its delirium of pas i! sion to the solemn realization of the i -/fact that an awful period had begun. The first gun of Sumter was the de?th . ; knell of the old regime, but the man .who held the lanyard, or even the commander who gave the order to fire -little dreamed that by that act he j ushered in a titanic struggle which would not close until the whole course j I of life at the South had been forever pi changed and the nation's frame had ?jr. been welded into one solid structure with a strength and unity such as had ; never been dreamed of. Likewise the war with Mexico was ushered in by an incident attributable Brio hot-bloods. Some American dra ? goons were attacked by the Mexican [^cavalry, and this covert act was the ' spark that ignited the smouldering flame of popular passion. Henry Clay declared that it was an unholy r' and unnatural war, but it was popu 'i; ]ar, and James K. Polk was swept in . to the presidency of the United States by the war spirit. THE MEXICAN WAR. 1. The circumstances then were somc j. what similar to those of the present. h-Texas had been struggling to frre it self from the galling domination of ^Mexico and the people of the United ? States warmly sympathized with thc [' Texans. The bond of sympathy was J more natural and much stronger iu |;?;that case. The Texans were from this country and their struggle was thc j struggle of our kin. Blood is thicker j than water, and Uncle Sam stood by p his own. The feeling ran high on j i? both sides and it was no surprise ? -.rheo the news came that the Amcri- i :-an dragoons had been attacked by the | Mexican rangers. Those reckless and irresponsible fellows little dreamed that they were setting in motion I events that would make a new map for :his country and their own. ~~ BOSTON TBA PART Tr". Every schoolboy knows the story of the Boston tea party and thc part it Iv played in bringing on the war of the revolution. It was the act of daring i spirits who went of their own motion and without the knowledge of the government of Massachusetts, but it hastened the war. The first shot of that war was a pistol shot, fired by Major Pitcairn at Lexington one I morning about sunrise, when the sol diers hesitated to fife on the little ?.min of minute-men who opposed the KIO British regulars, llians," cried Pit refused to move he iol at them. The and eight of the ead. with ten more HAVE COME. y- Bedail Without For arning. Journal. wounded. Before Pitcairn got back to Boston that night he had lost 273 of his men and the war had really be gun, though it was two years before the declaration of independence. In 1812 the United States declared war against Great Britain on June IS by an act of Cougress, but before that in April there had been an act of hos I tility in laying an embargo on all ship ping iu American ports. It was not until July 25 that Great" Britain learned what the actual state of affairs was. and then it was by independent advices. WAR OF 1812. The United States was poorly pre pared for that war on land and suffered severely for awhile. On the ocean our navy was one of the best and our coast defences were good for that day. The result was that no impression was made on our coast and our sailors were uniformly victorious. After a few years, when our land forces were at last put in good shape and General Jackson took charge, the enemy was driven from our shores. Many persons will he able to recall the reading of the British declaration of war against Kussia from the steps of the Royal exchange in London. That was a *'declaration of war," no doubt, but it came long after war had actually broken out. and it was not made at St. Petersburg, but in Lon don. A EUROPEAN WAR. The events preceding it were briefly these:. To begin with. Russia had the dispute with Turkey about the "holy palaces" in Palestine and seized the Danubian principalities. May 31, 1853, Bussia issued the order to cross the river Pruth; June 2d the English and French admirals were ordered to Besika Bay as a counter-move; then some English and French war ships were sent to Constantinople; October 22d the English and French fleets, in spite of the treaty of 1841, entered the Dardanelles; October 23d Turkey declared war against Kussia; next Russia destroyed the Turkish fleet at Sinope; then January 4, 1854, the English and French fleets entered the Black sea and ordered the Russian ships to* retire to Sebastopol; the Rus sian ambassador was next withdrawn from London; after that the French and English ambassadors left St. Petersburg, and it was not until March 28th that the sergcant-at-arms mounted the Royal exchange steps and formally declared war. France^ declared V". France, by the way, did it a day sooner. Of course this declaration was-what declarations al ways are now-a notice not to the . enemy, but to the people, justifying the progressing war and asking ap proval aad help. Some years before this England made war on a very small scale, as ab ruptly as the flash of a meteor. Some time in 1850 thirteen British war ves sels sailed into the bay of Salamis. No doubt the British had been press ing Greece to pay certain moneys due, but so ignorant was thc country of the intentions of the Salamis fleet that the king and queen asked for a list of the officers in order to invite them to an entertainment, and the admiral ac tually paid a friendly visit. But the next day he disclosed the fact that he had come to enforce the immediate settlement of Great Britain's claim, and gave the Greek government twen ty-four hours in which to reply. Af ter that he proceeded to hostilities, laid an embargo on the Greek mer chant vessels in the port, and seized many others on the high seas. Greece of course did not fight, but it was a much closer thing with France, for that country recalled her ambassador from London and the French people were cager to give battle. HOW l?BITiS? LION ACTS. On another occasion, 1804. Great Britain was hotly fighting France and negotiating with Spain in the most friendly manner. lu fact, British vessels were being provisioned in thc latter country's ports when, without a word of warning, they captured four of her frigates, seized all thc merchant vessels of morennan 100 tons burden and sank all smaller craft that came in their way. Another instance in which the British swooped down like a wolf was in 1807, when, in thc words of a Danish writer. ,:The government of Denmark saw the English ships of war on their coast without even the conjecture that they were to bc em ployed against Denmark. Thc island of Zealand was surrounded, the capi tal threated, and the Danish territory violated before the Court of London had made use of a single word to ex press the hostility of its feelings." In reality England entertained no hostile feelings toward Denmark and the reason of this sudden move was that memorable meeting of Napoleon and Alexander on the river Niemen, when they agreed to divide the world between them, and, as a preliminary, to compel Denmark, in company with Sweden and Portugal, to declare war against England. In self-protcctii England hastened to upset their pli by seizing the powerful Danish flee A NOTABLE EXCEPTION. The one notable exception to th which has occurred in the last 1' years is the Franco-German wa France declared war before she strm a blow and in twenty days the Pru sians were in France. Six monti i later they had captured Napoleon ar taken Paris. The records of the British war o rice show that cause of secrecy in <? of the 107 wars recorded, in the la; century and three-quarters was thed sire to gain time by thc suddenness* thc attack. In twelve thc desire w: to postpone as long as possible the a< mission of a state of hostility an throw the responsibility on the oth< power. In nine cases thc sudden a tack was made to anticipate the seen designs of the enemy which had bee discovered through private sources ( information. Sixteen of thc first acts of hostilit were raids or reprisals, four were vic lations of neutrality on frontiers an five were acts done in aid of other ns tions whereby thc nation aiding th other slipped into war before it wa aware how far it had gone. The war between Greece and T?rke, has not yet been declared, so far a the Greeks are concerned, thoug] they have been very badly whipped. CONDITIONS FAVORABLE FOR WAH. The conditions in the United State and Spain during the last thre* years are just thc kind that preced? and make war. The fires of passioi in both countries have been kindle? and sedulously fanned to a flame b: the press and the politicians, and o: the voices that have spoken only ? few have been for peace. It was S? before the war between'the States. Ii that case there was a sudden sobering of men as the ominous sound of thc . first gun of Sumter echoed througb the land. I1: was the calm before thc storm broke with all its fury. So wc have seen within the past ten days a sudden calm at "Washington. The voice of the jingo Congressman is awed into stillness and even the bla tant demagogue is circumspect for once. There could be nothing more ominous than the silence in which thc usually garrulous sat when it voted fifty millions for the national defense. In the words of thc inspired writer, "There was no speech nor language, but their voice is gone out through all the earth." It recalls the memorable words of Governor Troup, of Georgia: "The argument is exhausted; we rest on our arms." It is no WOE der that the spectacle impressed the Mother Country and for once old Eng land was proud of her long-lost but il lustrious child. A Mother. Up at the menagerie in Centrel Park a big mother lion had just had three baby lions. She was greatly charmed. The keeper, in order that the babies might have a quiet time, built a box in the corner of the lion cage with a hole in the side. For a few days the baby lions stayed in the box; but at last they decided that that was very stupid, and they spent their time run ning in and out of the hole in the box. This distressed their mother, for the constant friction of their pretty soft coats against the side of the box wore their fur off; and, like all mothers, Mother Lion was very anxious that her babies should always look pretty. It was evident to those who watched her that she meant to put a stop to this destructive habit. Une day last week she lay with her eyes half closed not far from thc opening of the box. The trouble was that the three babies were never inside of thc box at the same time. There was always one outside, and this was the mother's problem. While she lay there, appa rently half aslceprthe babies rushed in and out, playing tag. At one ex citing moment all three were in the box at thc same moment, and the mother liou sprang quickly in front of it and closed the hole with her back. The babies squeaked and squealed: but the mother lion, an expression ol* j peace on her lace, slowly wagged ber ? tail, evidently saying to herself, i | rather think they will keep still now | for a little while."-(inflon/.: Blood Poison Cured. There is no doubt, according to thc many remarkable cures performed by ' Botanic Blood Balm ("Jj. 15. B.") that it is far thc best Tonic and Blood Puri fier ever manufactured. All ochers pale into insignificance when compar ed with it. It cures pimples, ulcers, skin diseases, and all manner of blood and skin ailments. Buy the best, and don't throw your monej' away ou sub stitutes. Try the long tested and old reliable B. B. B. $1.00 per large bot tle. For sale by Druggists. A BAI? CASK CURED. Three years ago I contracted a blood poison. I applied to a physician at once, and his treatment came near killing me. I employed an old physi cian and then went to Kentucky. I then went to Hot Springs and remain ed two months. Nothing seemed to cure me permanently, although tem porary relief was given mc. I return ed home a ruined man physically, with but little prospect ef ever getting well. > I was persuaded to try Botanic Blood j Balm (B. I?. B.,) and to my utter as tonishment it quickly healed every ulcer. V?. T. HALLERTON, For sale by druggists. Macon, Ga. About the April Snow. Southern Christian Advocate. Brother Wilson : I have read several statements in the Advocate in regard to the date of the snow storm many years ago. The time and circumstan ces connected are so well fixed in my memery that they never will be for gotten. I went with friends to Church on Sunday, the 15th of April. 1849. It was a clear, pleasant morning, but before wc returned home it commenced to snow, and it fell thick and fast. Vegetation was far advanced. The gentleman whose house I was at had a beautiful field of wheat, fie was so much afraid of a freeze on Sunday night that he had a good many colored men to go over the field with long, ropes, each one holding the end of a rope, and knock as much of thc- snow from thc wheat as possible in order to save it. This with other things has impressed it fully on my mind. MRS. L. E. SMALL. Charleston, March IS, 189S. Dear Advocate : If it is not too late, I would like to add my testimony as to the date of the snow-Sunday. April 15th, 1849. Saturday evening, the 14th, was very warm and I dressed in a suit of yellow linen, saddled my horse, and rode about six miles to call on my best girl. I found her dressed in a spring calico dress-and oh, how sweet she did look! She and I, with some girls who had called, strolled down to Lynches River and spent the afternoon gathering spring flowers, which we found in abundanoe. We returned to her father's late in the evening, and I spent the night. The next morning, Sunday, 15th, I began to feel- uncomfortably cold, and the girls began to laugh at my "yaller" linen. It soon began to snow, and the longer it snowed the colder I got, until I could stand it no longer. I saddled my horse and mounted him, and what a ludicrous sight I must have cut-out in a snow storm, dressed in yellow linen, and my best girl with others, standing on the front portico laughing at me. I pull ed out at full speed for about three miles and stopped at a friend's house and changed my linen clothing for a winter suit. You must know that the 15th of April, 1849, is indelibly im pressed on my mind. H. &. SCARBOROUGH. Bishop, Lee Co.. S. C., March 17, 1898. Fresh iron BATTLE! JONES? a: other pop GERMAN MILLI HILL TALK IS IT ia easy to claim the world, but getti with the merchant who claims to sell Our last advertisement guaranteed to ot was then too large, at a discount which won in Anderson County. The fact that we hav tisementB evidences their confidence in our i only reduced our Stock to (be desired point, and now have the newest, nobbiest and cou merely a straw to show the direction of the DRY GOODS, JEANS J lave all been moving at the same rapid pace DEAN'S PAT! Never known to lag superfluous on th? st<?q and "promenades all" with CHARLIE from good times to better. HIGH GRADE GUANOS D Wholesale and Retail CUBA MUSI If you want to en at a good salary JD. G. BRO^ And they wil I V yon doit'l wa ni tu enlist, hut wi money apply to I). C. Brown A: Bm. N 200 Barrels Straight rion 250 Barrels Best Family 50 Barrels < ?ood Family 70 Hurrels Low Ci rade F We handle HAY, CORN, OA TS, und arc selling them below all compeliti On SHOKS und DRY GOODS wi D- C. B DURING THE SI While business ?9 st we have decided to < DU CB M EN TS in m selected Stoc*i of - DRY GOODS, MOTION We have several thousand dollars worth of I iess than same Goods can bo bought for elsei iee for yourself. We carry a Splendid Sto And make Specialties of Fine Flour, Molas* If you ?rill honor us wish a visit when appreciate it and make it mighty interesting Come see for yourself. Yours BROW! A Romance of Law. Driven from home by the iron hand of the law. Fifteen years ago L. P. Corbett, a young boy living in Sumter County, was compelled to leave the State to save himself from serving a sentence ih the State penal institution. Allowed to return through the mercy of tho law. Truly thc law is Janus like. Evil it frowns upon with a fierce face, but, j crime expiated, it burns a smiling face i 3 ! and allows thc perpetrator under cer ! tain circumstances to again hold np his head in thc world. Yesterday j Corbett was permitted to return to 1 South Carolina, the sentence against j him having been wiped out by a par don from the governor. The rather romantic circumstances in thc case are as follows: Twelve years a?o, in ISSli. Corbett, then a lad of but fifteen years, was running a small store on his father's place in Sumter County. At an un guarded moment he permitted himself to engage in the sale of whiskey and was arrested on the charge. His father declined to interfere in his be half, so angered was he at his son's violation of the law, and, to escape punishment, thc boy ran away. In his absence thc case was tried before Judge Kershaw and a sealed sentence lodged against him. He first located in Colorado, where he engaged in business quite success fully. Later he moved to California, where he met with continued suc2ess. So exemplary was his conduct that he was regarded as one of the best citi zens in his community. He was elect ed a deacon in the Presbyterian Church. He proved worthy of many trusts imposed upon him. The sequel is very pretty. His pa rents, their hearts turning fondly to ward their boy in their declining years, longed to see him once again and to bless and forgive him and to breathe their lives anew in the joyousness of his presence. Accordingly a petition, signed almost unanimously by the people of the district, was forwarded his excellency Gov. Ellerbe and re ceived by him yesterday through Col. D. P. Duncan. As soon as the gover nor became acquainted with the true inwardness of the case, he removed that restraint and permitted that mother's boy to come home again, honored and not despised, a citizen and not a criminal, to receive her blessing and a father's benediction. Columbia Register, 15th. i Augusta. SNAKE, ad alar varieties. !T, CANE SEED. ORR DRUG CO. CHEAP. og a good title to it is the trouble ; so it is everything for nothing, ir customer our Stock of SHOES, which ld place them below the price of any Shoe a never deceived the people in ouradver offor when we unnouuee that we have not but have been compelled to replenish it, upi nest line of SHOES in Town. This is wind. AND COTTONADES ?. BNT FLOU?*, .e has cotton a double shuffle on itself. BUCHANAN'S DELIGHT TOBACCO ! ALWAYS OIV HAND. IZAN & RATL1FFE, Dealers in BACON at Wholesale 1'rlcee. r BE FREE ! list at once and apply to - - - r??T &? BBO, 1 assist you. mt io buy vour Goods for thc least Vc will sell r at. S I 75 Flour ut. 4 25 Fl.mr ut. J 00 'lour at. o 50 BK AN. and all Heavy Groceries, ;*are headquarters. Come and sec us. ROWN & BRO, Next to Post Orlico. 'RING MONTHS ipposed to be dull, jffer GREAT IN ir large and well [S, HATS and SHOES. hese Gooda that we are going to sell for where. No wind-work about this. Come ck of Heavy Groceries, ?es, Coflee, Tobacco and Sugar. yon want to buy your next bill, we will ; for yon. for Traffic, LEE & VANDIVERS. ?VegetabJe Preparationfor As similating iheToodandRegula fchig ?h? Stomachs andBoivels of Promotes Digcs?on.Cheer ful ness andRes?Xonta?ns neither Opium,Morphi?ie nor Mineral. NOT NARCOTIC. l?capc ofOldBrSM^VIlPJTCnER Pumpfan S ct iL' ?tlx.Senria * f?odicllc Salis - /loise Seed * J?-ppcrmint - Bi Carbonato Soda * flinn Secii - t?arifitd Siujar . U&?ryrccr, Fiara: Apcrfccf Remedy for Constipa tion, Sour Stomach.Diarrhoea, Worms Convulsions Jeverish ness and LOSS OF SLEEP. Tac Simile Signature of NEW "YORK. Afb rnoril?is old J5 D OSES -I-Y5 CENTS EXACT COPVOF WBAEEEB, CASTOR? For Infants and Children. The Kind You Have Always Bought Always Bou THE CENTAUR COMPANY. NEW YORK CITY. BAGS, BAGS, BAGS 1 I am again buying Rags-Save them up and bring them and your Hides ! If y o u. need a g jo od STEEL RANGE OR STOVE AT bottom prices, either for Cash or oo time for a good Note don't, fail to see my line. I will swap you a New Stove for your old'one or for Cattle, and give you the market price for your Cattle. Now is the time to get you a good Stove before cotton-planting time Tinware, Crockery, Glass, Lamp Goods, &c, A. SPECIALTY. Thanking you all for past favors, and soliciting a continuance of same Respectfullv, JOHN T. BIIRRTS8. CARDEN SEEDS. If you want to have a good Garden plant good Seeds. WE ARE SELLING 0 M. FERRY & CO'S. SEED I Everybody knows they are the best. Burt's Seedling Irish Potatoes, Yellow and White Onion Setts, Multi plying Onions for planting. See us before you buy your Flour, Coffee, Sugar, Molasses, Tobacco, Or anything in the Grocery line. OUR PRICES ARE RIGHT. Yours for business, OSBORNE & BOLT. NOW IS THE TIME! To Buy Shoes Cheaper than you ever bought them before. . . OUR Stock of Fall and Winter Shoes is entirely too large, and we don't propose to carry them over until next Fall, consequently we have - MARKED THEM DOWN To prices that will move them. We don't advertise selling out at cost,, but our goods and pricer speak for themselves. So call when in need of Shoes, and be convinced of what we say. ?C&. Remember, we will nul ba miders dd by any Finn in Town. Yours for Shoos. Under Masonic Temple, Anderson, 8. C. THIS IS MO FAKE ! That Jewelry Palace - OF - WILL. R. HUBBARD'S, NEXT TO F. and M. BANK, Has the Largest, Prettiest and Finest (et of . . . XMAS AND WEDDING PRESENTS IIS THIS CITY. Corapetitiou don't ont any ice with me when it cornea to price*. I don't buy goods to keep. I want the people to have them. Gold and Silver Watches, Sterling and Plated Silverware, Jewelry, Clocks, Lamps, China. Spectacles, Novelties of all kinds. Rogers' Tripple Plaie Table Knives $1.50 uer Set. A world beater. WILL. R. HUBBARD.