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The Anderson Intelligencer. SUPPLEMENT. ANDERSON, S. C. THE LAW THE PEOPLE MUST NOW LIVE UNDER. a bout m worn gm. The Full Text of South Carolina's New Organic Law as Adopted. Following is the fell text of the New Constitution, as finally adopted by, the recent South Carolina Con? stitutional Convention: -, . We, the people of the State of - South Carolina, in Convention assem? bled, grateful to God for our liberties, do ordain and establish this Constitu ' tionforthe preservation and perpetu? ation of the same. ? . ARTICLE L DECLAEAT20N OF EIGHTS. Section 1. All political power is vested in and derived from the people only, therefore they have the right at vail times to modify their form of gov? ernment. : ? Sec. 2. Bepresentation in the house of representatives shall be apportioned according to population. ^. . Sec. 3. The general assembly ought frequently to assemble for the redress of grievances and for making new laws, as the common good may require. Sea 4. The general assembly shall make no law respecting an establish? ment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the govern? ment or any department thereof for a tedreas of grievances. See, 5. The privileges and immuni? ties of citizens of this State and of the United States nnder this Constitution shall not be abridged, nor shall any ^fpersou be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws. See, 6. All property subject to tax > ation shall be taxed in proportion to ?Us value. See. 7. No tax, subsidy, charge, Impost tax or duties shall be establish? ed, fixed, laid or levied, nnder any pretext whatsoever, without the con Bent of the people or their representa? tives lawfully assembled. See. 8. No bill of attainder, ex poBt facto law, law impairing the obli? gation of contracts, nor law. granting any title of nobility or hereditary emo? lument, shall be passed, and no con? viction shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate. Sec. 9. The right of suffrage, as re ; gnlated in this Constitution, shall be protected by law regulating elections and prohibiting, under adequate pen? alties, all undue influences from pow? der, bribery, tumult or improper con? duct. Sec. 10. All elections shall be free and open, and every inhabitant of this State possessing the qualifications pro? vided for in this Constitution shall have an equal right to elect officers and be elected to fill public office. Sec. 11. No property qualification, unless prescribed in this Constitution, shall be necessary for an election to or ?the holding of any office. No person shall be elected or appointed to office in this State for life or during good be ?havior, but' the terms of all officers shall be for some specified period, ex ? cept notaries public and officers in the ?militia. After the adoption of this ?Constitution any person who shall light a duel or send or accept a challenge for that purpose, or be an aider or >abetter in lighting a duel, shall be de? prived of holding any office of honor or trust in this State, and shall be oth? erwise punished as the law shall pre? scribe! 39 Sec 12. Temporary absence from ^ the State shall not forfeit a residence once obtained. Sec. 13. The power of suspending the laws or the execution of the laws shall only be exercised by the general assembly or by its authority in par? ticular, cases expressly provided for fcy it. ?ec. 14. In the government of this State the legislative, executive aud judicial powers of the government shall be forever separate and distinct from ?ach other, and no person or persons exercising the functions of one of said departments shall assume or discharge ?the duties of any other. Sec. 15. All courts shall be public, and every person shall have speedy ? ?eniedy therein for wrongs sustained. ? Sec. 16. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, pa? pers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be vio? lated, and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, aud particularly describing the place to be searched and the person or thing to bo seized. Sec. 17. No person shall be held to answer for any crime where the pun? ishment exceeds a fine of S10U or im? prisonment for 30 days, with or with out bard labor, unless on a present meat or indictment of a grand jury of the county where the crime shall have been committed, exceptin cases arising in the land or naval forces or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or liberty, nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself. Private property shall not bo taken for private ubo without the con? sent of the owner, nor for public use without just compensation being first made therefor. Sec. 18. In all criminal prosecu? tions the accused shall enjoy the right I to a speedy and public trial by an im? partial jury, and to be fully informed of the nature and cause of the accusa? tion; to be confronted with the wit? nesses against him, to have compulso? ry process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to be fully heard in his defense by himself or by his counsel or by both. Sec. 19. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines im? posed, nor cruel and unusual punish? ments inflicted, nor shall witnesses be unreasonably detained. Corporal pun? ishment shall not be inflicted. The power to punish for contempt shall not in any case extend to imprisonment in the State penitentiary. Sec. 20. All persone shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, except for capital offenses when the proof is evident or the pre? sumption great. Sec. 21. In all indictments or pro? secutions for libel, the truth of the al? leged libel may be given in evidence, and the jury shall be the judges of the law and the facts. Sec. 22. Treason against the State shall consist alone in levying war or in giving aid and comfort to enemies against the State. No person shall be held guilty of treason, except upon testimony of at least two witnesses to the same overt act or upon confession in open court. Sec. 23. The privileges of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspend? ed unless when, in case of insurrection, rebellion or invasion, the public safe? ty may require it. Sec. 24. No person shall be im? prisoned for debt except in cases of fraud. Sec. 25. The right of trial by jury shall be preserved inviolate. Seo. 26. A well regulated militia being necessary to the security' of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be in? fringed. As in times of peace armies are dangerous to liberty, they shall not be maintained without the consent of the general assembly. The military power of the State shall always be held in subordination to the civil authority and be governed by it. ,No soldier shall in time of peace be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war but in the manner to be prescribed by law. Sec. 27. No person shall in any case be subject to martial law or to any pains or penalties by virtue of that law, except shose employed ,in the army and navy of the United States, and except the militia in actual service, but by^ the authority of the general as? sembly. Sec. 28. All navigable waters shall forever remain public highways, free to the citizens of the States and the United Slates without tax, impost or toll imposed; and uo tax, toll, impost or wharfage shall be imposed, demand? ed or received from the owners of any merchandise or commodity for the use of the shores or any wharf erected on the shores or in or over the waters of any navigable stream unless the same be authorized by the general assembly. Sec. 29. The provisions of the Con? stitution shall be taken, deemed and construed to be mandatory and prohib? itory, and not merely directory, ex? cept where expressly made direotory or permissory bv iTO own terms. AKJ.J.UJU?1 n. BIGHT OP SCTTKAGE. Section 1. All elections by the peo? ple shall be by ballot and elections shall never be held or the ballots counted in secret. Sec. 2. Every qualified elector shall be eligible to any office to be vot? ed for, unless disqualified by age as prescribed in this Constitution. But no person shall hold two offices of hon? or or profit at the same time, except that any person holding another office may at the same time be an officer in the militia and a notary public. Sec. 3. Every male citizeu of this State and of the United States 21 years of age and upwards, not laboring un? der the disabilities named in this Con? stitution and possessing the qualifica? tions required by it, shall be an elec? tor. . Sec. 4. The qualifications for suf? frage shall be as follows: (a) Residence in the State for two years, in the county ono year, in the polling precinct in which the elector offers to vote four mouths, and the payment six months before any elec? tion of any poll tax then due and pay? able; provided, however, that minis? ters in charge of an organized church and teachers of public schools shall be entitled to vote after six months resi? dence in the State, if otherwise quali? fied. (b) Registration, which shall provide for the enrollment of every elector once in ten yeurs and also an enroll? ment during each and every year of every elector not previously registered under the provisions of this article. (c; Up to January 1, 1898, nil male persons of voting age applying for registration who can read any section iu this Constitution submitted to thorn by thu regi.strition officer, or under? stand and explain it when read to them by the registration officer bbull be en? titled to register and become electors. A separate re cord of nil persona regis , tered before January 1, ?3d8, sworn to by the registration officer shall be filed, one copy -with the clerk of court and one in the office of the secretary of state, on or before February 1, 1898, and such persons shrill remain during life qualified electors unless disquali? fied by the other provisions of this article.' The certificate of the clerk of court or secretary of state shall be sufficient evidence to establish the right of said citizens to any subse? quent registration aud the franchise under the limitations herein imposed. (b) Any person who shall apply for registration after January 1st, 1898, if otherwise qualified, shall be registered;! provided, that ho can both read and write any section of this Constitution submitted to him by the registration officer, or can show that he owns and has paid all taxes collectible during the previons year on property in this State assessed at $300 or more. (e) Managers of elections shall re? quire of every elector offering to vote at any election, before allowing him to vote, proof of the payment of all taxes, including poll tax, assessed against him and collectible during the previous year. The production of a certificate or of the receipt of the officer authorized to collect such taxes shall be conclneive proof of the pay? ment thereof. (f) The general assembly shall pro? vide for issuing to each duly registered elector a certificate of registration and 6hall provide for the renewal of such certificate when lost, mutilated or destroyed, if the applicant is still a qualified elector under the provisions of this Constitution, or if he has been registered as provided in subsection (c). Sec. 5. Any person denied registra? tion shall have the right to appeal to the court of common pleas or any judge thereof, and thenco to the supreme court, to determine his right to vote under the limitation imposed in this article, and on such appeal the hearing shall be de novo and the general assembly shall provide by law for such appeal and for the correction of illegal and fradulent registration, voting and all other crimes against the election laws. Sec. 6. The following persona are disqualified from being registered or voting: First. Persons convicted of burg? lary, arson, obtaining goods or money under false pretenses,perjury, forgery, robbery,'' bribery, adultery, bigamy, wife-beating, housebreaking, receiving stolen goods, breach of trust with fraudulent intent, fornication,sodomy, incest, assault with intent to ravish, miscegenation, larceny or crimes against the election laws; provided, that the pardon of the governor shall remove such disqualification. Second. Persons who are idiots, in? sane, paupers supported at the public expense, und persons confined in any public prison. Sec. 7. For the purpose of voting, no pet son shall * be deemed to have gained or lost a residence by reason of bis presence or absence while employ? ed in the service of the United States, nor while engaged in the navigation of the waters of this State, or of the United States, or the high seas, nor while a student of any institution of learning. Sec. 8. The general assembly shall provide by law for the rogistrution of all qualified electors and shall pre? scribe the manner of holding elections and of ascertaining the results of the*! same; provided, at the first registra? tion under this Constitution, and until the 1st of January, 1898, the registra? tion shall be conducted by a board of three disreeet persons in each' county, to be appointed by the gov? ernor, by and with the advice and consent of the senate. For the first registration to be provided for under this Constitution, the registration books shall be kept open for at least six consecutive weeks, and thereafter from time to time at least one week in each month, up to 30 dayB next pre? ceding the first election to be held un? der this Constitution. The registra? tion books 6hall be public records open to the inspection of any citizen at all times. Sec. 9. The general assembly shall provide for the establishment of pol? ling precincts in the several counties of the State and those no?v existing shall so continue until abolished or changed. Each elector shall be required to vote at his own precinct, but pro? vision shall be made for his transfer to another precinct upou his change of residence. Sec. 10. The general assembly shall provide by law for the regulation of party primary elections and punishing fraud at the same. Sec. 11. The registration books shall close at least 30 days before an elec? tion, during which time transfers and registration shall not be legal; pro? vided, persons who will become of ago during that period shall be entitled to registration before the books aro I closed. Sec. 12. Electors in municipal elec? tions shall possess the qualifications and bo subject to the disqualifications herein prescribed. The production of a certificate of registratioa from tho registration officers of the county as an elector at a precinct included iu the incorporated city or town in which the voter desires to vote is declared a condition prerequisite to his obtaining a certificate of registration for muni? cipal elections, and in addition ho must have been a resident within the corporate limits at least four months before the election and have paid all taxes due and collectible for the pre? ceding fiscal year. The general as? sembly shall provide for the. registra? tion of all voters before each election in municipalities; provided, that noth? ing herein contained riudl apply to any miiiiii:i|:al elections which may bo held pii-ir to the general election of tho year 1S9(>. i ec. 13. In authorizing <?. special , election iu uny incorporated city or 1 town in this State for the purpose of bonding the same, the general assem? bly shall prescribe as a condition pre? cedent to tb? holding of said election a petition from a majority of the free? holders of said city or town as shown by its tax books, aud at such elections all electors of such city or town who are duly qualified for voting under sec? tion 12 of this article, and who have paid all ta:ces. State, county and municipal, for the previous year, shall be allowed to vote, and the voto of a majority of those voting in said elec? tions shall be necessary to authorize the issue of said bonds. Sec. 1L Electors shall in all cases except treason, felony or breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest on the days of election during their at? tendance at the polls and goiug and re? turning therefrom. Sec. 15. No power, civil or military, shall at any time interfere to prevent the free exercise of the right of suf? frage in this State. ARTICLE HI. LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. Section 1. The legislative power of this State shall be vested in two distinct branches, the one to be styled the "3enate," and the other the "House of Representatives,'" and both together the "General Assembly of the State of South Carolina." Sec. 2. The house of representatives shall be composed of members chosen by ballot every second year by citizens of this State, qualified as in this Con? stitution is provided. Sec. 3. The house of representatives shall consist of 124 members, to be ap? portioned among the several counties according to the number of inhabitants contained in each. Each county shall constitute one election district. An enumeration of the inhabitants for this purpose shall be made in the yearl(J01, and shall be made in the course of every 10th year thereafter, in such man? ner as shall be by law directed: Pro? vided, that the general assembly may at any time, in its direction, adopt the immediately preceding United States census as a true and correct enumera? tion of the inhabitants of the several counties, and make the apportionment of representatives among the several counties according to said enumeration: Provided, further, that until the appor? tionment which shall be made upon the next enumeration shall take effect, the representation of the several counties as they now exist (including the county of Saluda established by ordinance) shall be as follows: Abbeville, 5; Aiken, 3; Anderson, 5; Barnwell, 5; Beaufort, 4; Berkeley, 4; Charleston, 9; Chester, 3; Chesterfield, 2; Claren? don, 3; Collet on, 4; Darlington, 3; Edge?eld, 3; Fairfield,3; Florence, 3; Georgetown, 2; Greenville, 5, Hamp? ton, 2; Horry, 2; Kershaw, 2; Lan? caster, 2; Laurens, 3; Lexington, 2; Marion, 3; Marlboro, 3; Newberry, 3; Oconee, 2; Orangeburg, 5; Pickens, 2; Richland, 4; Saluda, 2; Spurtauburg, 6; Sumter, 5 ; Union, 3; Williamsburg, 3; York, 4; Provided, farther, that in the event other counties are hereafter established, then the general assembly shall reapportion the representatives between the counties. , Sec. 4. In assigning representatives to the several counties, the general assembly shall allow one representative to every one hundred and twenty-fourth part of the whole number of inhab? itants in the State: Provided, that if in the apportionment of representatives any county shall appear not to be en? titled, from its population, to a repre? sentative, such county shall, never? theless, send one representative; and if there be still a deficiency in the number of representatives required by section third of this article, such de? ficiency shall bo supplied by assigning representatives to those counties hav? ing the largest sulplus fractions. Sec. 5. No apportionment of repre? sentatives shall take effect until" the general election which shall succeed such apportionment. Sec. G. The senate shall be composed of one member from each county, to be elected for the term of four years by the qualified electors in each county, in the same manner in which members of the house of representatives are chosen. Sec. 7. No person shall bo eligible to a seat in the senate or houso of repre? sentatives wh > at the time of his elec? tion, is not a duly qualified elector under this Constitution in the county in which he may be chosen. Senators shall be at least 25 and representatives at least 21 years of age. Sec. 8. The tirst election for mem? bers of the house of representatives under this Constitution shall be held on Tuesday afetr the first Monday in November, 18%, and every second ye<>r thereafter, in such manner and in such places as the general assembly may prescribe; and the first election for senators shall be held on Tuesday after the first Monday in November, 1890, and every fourth year thereafter ex? cept in counties in which there was an election for senator in 1891 for a full term, in which counties no election for senator shall be held until the general election to be held iu 1?98 and every fourth year tuereaftcr, except to fill vacancies. Senators shall be so classi? fied that one-half of their number, as nearly as practicable, shall be chosen every two years. Whenever the gen? eral assembly shall establish more than one county at any sessiou, it shall so prescribe the first term of the senators from such counties as to observe such classification. Sec. 9. The annual session of the general assembly heretofore elected, fixed by the Constitution of the year 18?8 to convene on the fourth Tues? day of November, iu the year, 1805, is hereby postponed, and the same shall be convened and held in the city of Columbia on the second Tuesday in January, in the year 1896. The first session of ihe general assembly elected under this constitution shall convsne in Columbia on the second Tuesday in January, in the year 1897, and there? after annually at the same time and place. Should the casualties of war or contagious diseases render it unsafe to meet at the seat of government then the governor may by proclamation ap? point a more secure and convenient place of meeting. Members of the general assembly shall not receive any compensation for more than forty days of any one sessiou: Provided, that this limitation shall not affect the first four sessions of the general assembly under this constitution. Sec. 10. The terms of office of tho senators and representatives chosen at a general election shall begin on the Monday following such election. Sec. 11. Each houee shall judge of the election returns and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each house shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may compel the attendance of absent mem? bers, in such manner and under such penalties as may do provided by law or rule. Sec. 12. Each house shall choose its own officers, dotermine its rules of procedure, punish its members for dis? orderly behavior, and, with tie con? currence of two-thirds, expel a mem ber, but not a second time for the same cause. Sec. 13. Each house may punish by imprisonment during its sitting any person not a member' who shall be guilty of disrespect to the house by any disorderly contemptuous behavior in its presence, or who, during the time of its sitting, shall threaten harm to the body or estate of any member for anything said or done in either honse, or who shall assault them there? for or who shall assault or arrest any witness or other person ordered to at tand the house iu his going thereto or returning therefrom, or who shall res? cue any person arrested by order of the house: Provided, that such time of imprisonment shall not in any case extend beyond the session of the'gen? eral assembly. Sec. 14. Tho members of both houses shall be protet .3d in their per? sons and estates during their attend? ance on, going to and returning from the general assembly, and 10 days pre? vious to the sitting and 10 days after the adjournment thereof. But these privileges shall not protect any mem? ber who shall be charged with treason, felony or breach of the peace. Sec. 15. Bills for raising revenue shall originate in the house of repre-' sentatives, but may be altered, amend? ed or rejected by the senate; all other bills may originate in either house, and may be amended, altered or re? jected by the other. Sec. 16. The style of all laws shall be: "Be it enacted by the genoral as? sembly of theState of South Carolina." Sec. 17. Every act or resolution having the force of law shall relate to but one subject, and that shall be ex? pressed in the title. Sec. 18. No bill or joint resolution shall have the force of law until it shall have been read three times and on three several days in each house, has had the great seal of the State affixed to it, and has been signed by the pres? ident of the senate and the speaker of the house of representatives: Provid? ed, that either branch of the genoral assembly may provide by rule for a first and third reading of any bill or joint resolution by its title only. Sec. 19. Each member of the general assembly shall receive five cents for every mile for the ordinary route of travel in going to and returning from the place where its sessions are held; no general assembly shall have the power to increase the per diem of its own members; and members of the general assembly when convened in extra session shall receive the same compensation as isfixed by law for the regular session. Sec. 20. In all elections by the gen? eral assembly, or either house thereof, the members shall vote "viva voce," and their votes, thus given, shall be entered upon the journal of the house to which they respectively belong. Sec. 21. Neither house, during the session of the general assembly, shall, without consent of the.other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which it shall be at the time sitting. Sec. 22. Each house shall keep a journal of its own proceedings, and cause the same to be published im? mediately after its adjournment, ex? cepting such parts as, in its judgment, may require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of tho members of cither house, on any question, shall, at the desire of ten members of the house or five members of the senate, respective? ly, be entered on the journal. Any member of either house shall have liberty to dissent from and protest against any act or resolution which he may think injurious to the public or to au individual, and have the reasons of his dissent entered on the journal. Sec. 23. The doors of each honse shall be open, except on such occasions as in tho opinion of the house may re? quire secrecy. Sec. 24. No person shall be eli giglc to a seat iu tho general assembly while he holds any office or position of profit or trust under this State, the United States of America, or any of them, or under any other power, ex? cept officers in tho militia and notaries public; and if any member shall accept or exercise any of the said disqualify? ing offices or positions he shall vacate his seat. Sec. 25. If any election district shall neglect to choose a member or members on tho day of election, or if any person chosen a member of ? ither house shall refuse tu qualify and take his seat, or shall resign, die, depart i the State, accept any disqualifying of j Bee or position, or become otherwise I disqualified to hold his seat, a writ of j election shall be issued by the presi ' dent of the senate or speaker of the house of representatives, tffi, may be, for the purpose of &t vp^ancy thereby occasioned fol mainder of the term for which son so refusing to qualify, re dying, departing the State, or ing disqualified, was elected tol or the defaulting election ought to have chosen a mem members. Sec. 20. Members of the assembly, and all officers, befori euter upon the duties of their r< tive ofliees, aud all members of ti before they enter upon the prac their profession, shall take and scribe the following oath: "I do emnly swear (or affirm) that I am qualified, according to the Co: tion of this State, to exercise th ties of the office to which I have elected, (or appointed) and that to the best of my ability, disc the duties thereof, and preserve, tect and defend the Constitutio this State and of the United State do further solemnly swear (or a! that I have not since the first da; Jrnuary, in the year eighteen hun and eighty-one, engaged in a duel* principal or second or otherwise; aq that I will not, during the term of offi to which I have been eleoted(or appoint-1 ed) engage in a duel as principal or sec? ond or otherwise so help me God." The 27. Officers shall be removed, for incapacity, misconduct or neglect of duty, in such manner as may be1 provided by law, when no mode cfl trial or remotal is provided in this! Constitution. j Sec. 28. The general assembly shall. enact such laws aj will exempt from at? tachment, levy and sale under any mesno or final process issued from any count, to the head of the family resid? ing in this State, a homestead in lands, whether held in fee or any lesser es? tate, to the value of $1,000, or so much, thereof as the property is worth if itsi' value is less than 31,000, with the! yearly products thereof, and to every head of a family residing in this State? whether entitled to a homestead ex? emption in lands or not, personal prop? erty to the value of $500, or so much thereof as the property is worth if its value is less than $500. The title to theJ homestead to be set off and assigned) shall be absolute and be forever dis-j j charged from all debts of the seddj debtor then existing or thereafter con tracted except as hereinafter provided:) Provided, That in ease any woman having a separate estate shall be mar? ried to the head of a family who has not of his own sufficient property to constitute a homestead as hereinbefore, provided, said married woman shall be>j entitled to a like exemption as pro? vided for the head of the family: Pro? vided, further, That there shall not b' an allowance of more than SI,00 worth of real estate and more than ?50 worth of personal property to the hui band and wife jointly: Provided, furj ther, That no property shall beexem from attachment, levy or sale for tax* or for payment of obligations contrac cd for the purchase of said homestea or personal property exemption or th erection or making of improvements or repairs thereon: Provided, further. That the yearly products of said home stead shall not be exempt from attach? ment, levy or sale for the payment o: obligations contracted in the produo tion of the same: Provided, farther. That no waiver shall defeat the righ of homestead before assignment except it be by deed of conveyance, or bjrj mortgage, and only as against the mortgage debt; and no judgment cred? itor or other creditor whoBe lien doesv not bind the homestead shall have any right or equity to require that/ a Hen which embraces the home? stead and other property shall first exhaust the homestead: Provided, further, That after a homestead in lands has been set off and recorded the same shall not be waived by deed of conveyance, mortgage or otherwise, unless the same be executed by both, husband and wife, if both be living: Provided, further, That any person not the head of a family shall be en? titled to a like exemption as provided for the head of a family in all necessa? ry wearing apparel and tools and im/_ plements of trade, not to exceed in value the sum of $300. Sec. 29. All taxes upon property; real and personal, shall be laid upon the actual valuo of the property taxed as the same shall be ascertained by an assessment made for the purpose of laying such fax. Sec. 30. The general assembly shall never grant extra compensation, fee or allowance to any public officer, agent, servant or contractor nfter sendee ren? dered, or contract made, nor author? ize payment or part payment of any claim under any contract not author? ized bylaw; but appropriations may be made for expenditures in repelling invasion, preventing or suppressing in? surrection. Sec. 31. Lands belonging to or un? der the control of the State shall never be donated, directly or indirectly, to private corporations or individuals, or to railroad companies. Nor shall euch larjd be sold to corporations, or as? sociations, for a less price than that for -which it can be sold to individuals. This, however, shall not prevent the general assembly from granting a right of way, not exceeding 150 feet in in width, as a mere easement to rail? roads across State lands, nor to inter? fere with the discretion of the general assembly in confirming the title to lands claimed to belong to the State, but used or possessed by other parties under an adverse claim. Sec. 32. The general assembly shall not authorize payment to any person of the salary of a deceased officer be? yond the date of his death; nor grant pensions except for military aud naval service; nor retire any officer on pay or part pay. Sec. ?"?'}. The marriage of a white person with a negro or mulatto,