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BY CLINKSCALI I^A?H^'?OWMN, j. G. CLINKSCALES, Editor. Don't forget that the Ioter County Institute will be held this year at Green? ville. The doors of the two Colleges there have been thrown open lo us, and the Professors promise to do all in their power to make the occasion pleasant and profitable. Don't fail to make ynur arrangements to be present. We had the pleasure a few days ago of riding from Greenwood to Donnald?, with Dr. Greer, of Due West. Df. Greer ranks among the ablest scholars and divines in this State. He says that Teachers' Insti? tutes are a necessity, and fully endorsed the work done by the one held at William scon last year. Dr. Greer declares that the. way to improve the public schools is to improve the teachers. He will give us another lecture this year at Greenville. What little things go to make up our character! Little thoughts that are for? ever coming and going through the mind cause us to utter words that may be soon forgotten by us, bnt God remembers them, and others are influenced by them to act. The little acts of our every day life make our habits, and nur habits form our character, which is eternal. How important, then, that the beginnings be right. A bee may alight upon your head, but you need not let him stay there till he stings. Evil thoughts may come, but knock them off your mind at once. Thought, word, act, habit, character, eternity.?MonUagkan. It was . our pleasure last Thursday afternoon to attend the closing exercises of Miss Lizzie Anderson's school. It is not often that one has the privilege of seeing a school that is so uniformly well drilled as this one. Every child knew his place well and performed his part well. There was not a slip tip, not a bauble; but everything moved like clock work. The various performances forci biy illustrated the value and importance of system. Even in the minutest details system and patient systematic training were plainly visible. One thing partic? ularly attracted our attention, and we would take occasion now to impress its importance upon every reader of the Teachers' Column: whenever the chil? dren opened their mouths, they spoke natdrally. The selections were choice, and the recitations would have done credit to schools of much greater preten? sion. A child must first feel what he is saying before he can say it correctly and impressively. Another thing. Even a log cabin may be made attractive. How fresh and inviting those flowers looked, and how gracefully those pictures hung against the wall. Indeed, all the surroundings spoke loudly of the thoroughness and anuineness of the work done in the lit jhool house at High Shoals, jouse grow into one that eacher and the ll is to ?n the teacher is master of himself and o; bis plan he is master of the situation. To hesitate the first day is to be lost. Too many persons enter the school room not knowing what to do first or what to do next. That means failure, if the teacher controls his school the first day the pupils will recognize him as the mas? ter. Too often teachers strive for months to gain what they lost the first morning. He who succeeds the first day, and keeps his pnpils busy and interested, will have no trouble with the school during the winter. The important day of the ses? sion is the first day. The secret of teach? ing a successful school is to begin right, and keep on right. No need to worry about the end. It will always end right. When you begin wrong it is hard to get right, and the probability is that the ending will be no more successful than the beginning. In a future issue of the Index, special plans and suggestions will be given for organizing a school.?Normal Index. TACT. ne I.?An ordinary country school of average size. The teacher in charge is a man. A visitor in one of the back seats. Recitation of advanced arithme? tic class. The teacher hears a desk creak. He stops the recitation and sus? piciously eyes a distant corner of the room where some boys are sitting. Noise ceases. Recitation proceeds. Noise heard again. Teacher stops and glares at the same corner, and finally hisses, out. "Somebody is making a noise back there, and I am going to find out who it is." He then proceeds to question each boy in the group. Boys deny any knowl? edge of it. Recitation proceeds. Noise again. Teacher lays down his book, and angrily strides back to the corner. Boys deny again. Visitor gets nervous and doesn't dare to move for fear the creak? ing might be located with his desk. Again the recitation proceeds, and again does the creaking occur, and again does the teacher declare that be is going to "find out who is making that noise/' but he doesen't. At noon recess it is found out that some big girls seated near the boys were the guilty parties, and had enjoyed the annoyance of the teacher very much. * Scene II. A.n ordinary country school of average size and surrounded by aver? age circumstances. Recitation in Eng? lish grammar is being heard. The teacher in charge is a lady. Teacher hears some one muttering to himself. She says nothing, but notices all pupils whose lips are moving. Settles on two. Calls one of them by a motion of the band. Muttering still goes on, not the right one. Whispers to the one called up, that she would like a pail of fre-h water for the noon recess. She then f>cnds a part of the class to the board to diagram a sentence, and while the class aro thus employed, calk up the other boy by motion of the hand. Teacher in a low tone requests him net to study out loud. The boy is surprised that he is discovered. Perhaps he wa: coDscioti3 :S & LANGSTON. of the offense. He returns to his seat in pleasant humor and is more careful. Neither the class nor the school noticed what was done. Query.?Which teacher had fact ?? Indiana School Journal. THE EVANGEL OF EVOLUTION. Dr. Woodrow Before the General Assem? bly. Baltimore, May 21.?The General Assembly of the Southern Presbyterian Church reassembled this morning and was largely attended. The case of the Rev. Dr. James Woodrow, complaining of the action of the Synod of Georgia condemning his utterance on evolution, was taken up. A protracted discussion took place as to the length of time to be granted. It was finally agreed to grant four hours to each side. The Moderator then charged the members of the Assembly to remain in their places duringthe trial, as required hy the law of the Church. Prayer was then offered for Divine guidance. The record of the case from the Synod of Georgia was read, covering the entire proceedings of condemnation, in all about 10,000 words. Mr. Woodrow then presented his case before the General Assembly, first stating the nature of the offence charged against I him. The testimony of Dr. Adams, his prosecutor, he said, showed Adams to be deeply interested in his conviction, so as I to remove him from his position in the Theological Seminary, while Adams remained there as director. Adams was not prompted by his sincerity for the good of the Church, but solely to eject the speaker. He, Woodrow, was good enough to preach to people, but not to remain in the Seminary. He was willing to permit any views to be held by the speaker outside of the Seminary, but he must not remain there as teacher. The views of Dr. Adams were different when thinking and speaking. He then took up the indictment, declaring it was deficient. Under the old law it might hold good, but not under the new. The offence charged had no place under the present law. The charge was violating the standards of the Church because of views on evolution having a dangerous tendency to the Church. He charged Adams with having bad an emissary to go from lobby to lobby in Church bodies to encompass the ruin of the accused. He denounced such conduct as unworthy of any true believer in the Bible. Mr. Woodrow then read the judgment of the Synod of Georgia and gave the verdict of the Presbytery of Augusta, which had acquitted him, and began his opening statement. He said he had been charged with holding doctrines which he abhorred. At this stage of the proceedings, and before Mr. Woodrow had more thau intered upon his address to the General Assembly an adjournment was taken until 9.30 to morrow morning, when he will resume. He will be allowed two hours for his first address. The respondents wtll have four hours, and Mr. Woodrow will have two hours for his closing argument. Baltimore, May 22.?The General Assembly of the Southern Presbyterian Church resumed business at 9.30 o'clock .lo-My. Tke~~gteeting- ^tJb&jSfineraX Assembly of the Presbyterian Church North was received and ordered on the minutes. The case of the Rev. Dr. Woodrow was resumed, and he spoke until 12 30, com? pleting the presentation of his case. Dr. Adams, of Augusta, occupied the remainder of the forenoon session and all of the afternoon session in the argument of the case for the prosecution. The church was well filled before the gavel of the Moderator fell, 60 great is the interest manifested in the case of Dr. Woodrow. For some time after Dr. Woodrow began to speak he was inter? rupted by technical objections regarding tho record of the case. He then took up the record and explained his views of the phenomena of science as not inconsistent with the Bible, and said in substance: dr. woodrow's address. He had no right to say that the Scrip? tures are contradicted by evolution. He insisted that the control of God is para? mount, and to which all must submit, j but beyond that they should submit to no control. He had been charged with subordinating Scriptures to science. That was not true. He had never spoken or written a word which could bear any such construction. He never bad taught a word that would throw doubt upon the headship of Adam without regard to the manner in which, or the matter of which, God formed his body. He quoted from his writing regarding the evolution of higher from lower animal life. He had never said a word about .<.; ci and uiou keys, as had so often been asserted. He believed that Adam was a miraculous creation. He held all his beliefs to the teaching of Holy Scriptures and to nothing else. So he holds his opinion as to the formation of Adam's body. Upon any subject on which the Scriptures are silent he accepts natural history as his guide, but only on 3iich subjects, and the Church Court, and the General Assembly had nothing to do with his views outside the teachiogs of the Bible. All it has to do is to discover if his teachings confiict with the Scriptures, and if they do not-then the case must end. The law of gravitation informs us that man in water will sink, and yet the Bible said in one place that "iron did swim." That instance did not make the law of gravitation inconsistent with the Scripture. He then quoted the Scripture as to the formation of the suu, moon and stars, and of the four corners of the earth. Did any ooe suppose the earth to be a rectangular formation ? It had been taught that the sun and moon move around the earth, but science had done away with that idea and it whs no longer thought of. As to man they were told that out of the ground God formed every living thing, and further on it nays Adam shall return to tho dust wheuce he came. The serpent was condemned to eat dust, Was that organic dust .' Certainly it was inorgai.ic matter. Was any man pre? pared to say that his (Dr. Woodrow's) views are antagonistic to the Bible? He did not think there could bo. He quoted from Paddiogtou, Brown aud others, their views of the dust of which man was formed, meaning the dust from which through steps from one stage to another, man came to have dominion over all other living creatures. He said he did not believe that he would be condemned for rejecting ideas which were held two hundred years ago, and which had no foundation in fact. It was once believed that lunacy was con' rolled by the moon, must he believe it now, because it was believed then. The Assembly of West? minster taught that the sun moves. It would be unreasonable to expect that he should believe it because Westminster taught it. It made no difference whether the formation of Adam's body was mediate or immediate; he was made a living soul and God made a covenant with him. I The Presbytery of Augusta could not find a conviction against the speaker's belief, for he had not antagonized the Bible. He had not taught that God performed His works supernaturally. That will have to be determined by each individual mind. He believed that God formed man out of the dust of the ground, and yet he was charged with teaching contrary to the Bible and the standards, because he went beyond and believed beyond what was not contained in them, or on which they are silent. To sustain the Synod of Georgia would be to condemn all who believe there may be some truth iu evolution. It was a fact that the Church had never failed, in deciding on science, to decide wrong. t>R. ADAMS* REPLY. The Bev. Dr. Adams, of Augusta, the prosecutor, then began his argument on the part of the Synod of Georgia. He said it mattered little what were his motives in prosecuting this cause before the Presbytery of Augusta, as waB spoken of by Dr. Woodrow yesterday. They had met face to face in the Courts of the Church and never had Dr. Wood row impugned the motives which prompted his prosecution. The speaker was of the committee to whom had been referred the complaint of heresy against Dr. Woodrow. In committee, in Pres? bytery and in Synod he had favored let? ting Dr. Woodrow alone to pursue bis investigations and then to say bow he believed Adam's body was evolved. At that time he knew little of him, but sup? posed him to be a scientific man, who would work out his ideas and proclaim results. Now, he didn't believe there was an idea in his address that was not obtained from some one else. The Synod of Georgia ordered the Presbytery of Augusta to try him or acquit him of heresy and error. The speaker was com? pelled to bring the case before the proper Court. Complainant had declared that the sole object of the prosecutor was to remove him from his professorship in the college. That could not have beea but an indirect result. The chair was a very sore point with him. He held the chair when the Church cried out against him. Dr. Adams denounced the statement of Dr. Woodrow that he was willing he should preach with his views if he would surrender his professorship, as entirely the opposite of what he did say, and called upon the Assembly to judge between them. ^^JThj^Bi^bly, here took a recess until 3 o'clock. ?? After the recess, Dr. Adams contin? ued : He said that he had no purpose to serve in the removal of Prof. Woodrow. He had no axe to grind, no friend whom he wished to have the place. When he was before the Synod of Georgia he said that the advocate of these views must not I be allowed to u*e them in the school of the Church. Out of the school of the Church he had nothing to do with the views of Dr. Woodrow. But as a preacher he had no right to promulgate such views while under the shadow of the Church. He then called attention to the issues before the Court. Dr. Wood row wa3 charged with advancing views contrary to the standards of the Church. The Presbytery sustained him, and the Synod annulled the action of the Pres? bytery. The question to be determined is, shall the Synod be sustained? Dr. Woodrow denied, and bis frieuds denied, that be ever taught evolution doctrines in the school, but whether he taught them or not was immaterial. In his address to the alumni be taught it, and in his writings he taught it, and before this General Assembly be advocated and taught it. Much that be said was not relevant to the case, and there was no need to deDy it. The complainant claimed that in the Bible he finds noth? ing to contradict the cell theory?that is, that a few bodies were formed out of which all other things in vegetable and animal life were formed. We take what he says just as he states it to be his belief, I and no one attributes to him deism or atheism. Evolutionists hold that for a long time fish was the highest type, then they got a frog and the frog was your ancestor. Then they got the reptile, liz zaid and alligator. Then followed the lower mammalian, which produced the higher mammalian. He would not call it a monkey either. But they cut off his nails, flattened his hands and shaved him. Then the divine miraculous inter? vention took place, and God put a soul into him and he became Adam. That is the theory of evolution. God did not interpose until all these changes had been passed. This is asserted because the Bible does not contradict it, and because God's Word gives no testimony on the subject. This is the theory advanced by Dr. Woodrow. He believed that man was, as a horse, born from an animal ancestry in a lower form, because, he said, the Bible did not contradict it. The Church was the conservator of truth, and it is now asked to engraft upon itself this theory. He would sacrifice every? thing to protect the Church from this misfortune. He had uo doubt that in the reply to his remarks the charges would be rung on the terms "maybe" and "probably are" which men use in advancing the theory of evolution because the Scriptures arc silent on the matter. He wanted to bring order out of confusion, so that the Church will re? turn to its concord and this matter be driven out forever. They were not to determine whether evolution is Uuo or ANDERSON, S. C, false. They were to determine on the creation of the body of Adam as under? stood by the standards of the Church. ! He says he goes to the works of God to find anything about the body of Adam, and his belief is not based on the Word of God. If the Church has put upon it its construction, he is bound to accept that construction and conform his teach? ings to that construction. Recess was then taken until 8 p. m. The General Assembly resumed busi? ness at S o'clock. Dr. Adams continued his statement in behalf of the Synod of Georgia. After stating what ite standards of the Church teach on the creation of Adam's body, he said that Dr. Woodrow had given a sense to the standards which the words do not justify, and until within a few years such thing was never thought of. By their assertions Adam existed before his creation, but not as Adam, for he was not Adam until God put a soul into him, and then be was made. That was contradiction and tin absurdity. Dr. Woodrow has asserted his belief in every word of the Bible, and yet he does not believe that God made the body of man out of the dust of the ground because its definiteness had disappeared. He also asserted that when God put a curse upon the serpent, and said he should eat dust, Adam was flesh and blood and bone, and before the fall of man was the same. The speaker wondered if the serpent did not wink at the curse. He hoped that this Assembly would put Its seal of con? demnation upon ail such Ideas and relieve the Church from such misfortune. He honored the man who adhered to his friends, of which Dr. Woodrow had many, but there might come a time in the history of a man when they must adhere to God and the truth, even to the hurt of a friend. JUDGE HEISKELl/S ADDRESS. Judge Heiskell, on the part of Dr. Woodrow, next addressed the Assembly in substance as follows: He had said twelve months ago to the Rev. Dr. Daniel that be thought that for the peace of the Church it would be better to burn the man Woodrow at the stake or throw him into the sea. But be had sinco read the record and was himself responsible for his position in this case; He theu read the indictment against Dr. Woodrow as to his teachings in relation to the creation of the body of Adam. The Synod of Georgia neither convicted nor acquitted Dr. Woodrow. The Pres? bytery of Augusta was on trial before the Synod, and that wa9 not convicted. The charge was teaching and promulgating, and of that the Presbytery acquitted him. It is his belief, and he was not tried for believing, and the action of the Synod should be annulled or reversed, because it is absolutely void as there was no offence at all. There could be no doubt that the action of the Synod was errone? ous and did Dr. Woodrow and the Pres? bytery both wrong. The only evidence was that Dr. Woodrow believed that Adam's body was probably produced by evolution from some lower animal. To believe that a thing is probably true that is not true, is not contrary to Scripture. He had asserted his belief in every thing in the Bible, but what was not in the Bible he bad a right to bis belief. The question to be determined wa9 whether Dr. Woodrow'? belief in -evolution is in conflict with the Bible. He believed that Adam was created immediately from organic matter, and not immediately out of the literal d?st of the ground. Evo? lution is taught in many of the prin? cipal colleges of the country, and that theory is held by some of the most emi? nent divines of the Church. Long before Darwin Bishop Butler advanced the idea, and those who heard him were familiar with the views of that great man. Judge H8iskell made a strong argu? ment in favor of evolution as entertained by Dr. Woodrow, which is not inconsist? ent with the standards of the Cburch. The Bihle says that God created the world in six days. Was it believed now that those Bix days were of twenty-four hours each ? There are many who believe those six days were an indefinite term, and that belief is not contrary to the standards of the Church. It behoov? ed them as wise men to move slowly. It might be that Dr. Woodrow wa9 right and those opposed to him might be wrong. He would not say either was right or wrong, but one or the other may be wrong. Could they convict a man upon such a charge without mak? ing themselves a laughing stock? He asked what interpretation the standards had put upon the words, "dust of the ground." The standards simply quote the words of the Bible, but do not say what they mean. They do not say that such was organic or inorganic, and they had no right to condemn a man for believing cither way. Dr. Woodrow may wrongly interpret the Scripture; so may we. He never knew Dr. Woodrow until he came here and he stood in defence of the Church. He could not Bay whether be believes in Dr. Wood row's theory or does not believe in it, because he was ignorant on the subject. He hoped the spirit of all truth would guide the determination of the Assembly. He spoke of the wonders of science and especially of the telegraph, by which immediate communication can be had across the sea, showing the progress of science not dreamed of ? few years ago. ? Neither mind nor body can act healthfully, if the blood is vitiated. Cleanse the vital current from impurities by the use of Ayer's Sarsaparilla. This remedy purifies the blood, recruits the wasted energies, and restores health to the debilitated system. ? For several weeks there have been on exhibition in the office of the clerk of the Superior Court at Atlanta samples of pulp made of the hulls and stalks of the cotton plant. The pulp is as white as snow, and can be converted into the finest writing paper. It is regarded as valuable and is the product of parts of the cotton plant hitherto deemed valuo Ichs. ? The good opinion of the public, in regard to Ayer's Cherry Pectoral, is con? firmed by clergymen, lawyers, public speakers, and actors. All sny it is the best remedy r<;r eft'ecMon? of the throat auditing*. THUESDAY MOKN] TWO OLD DOCUMENTS. The rir.it Account of tho Battle of Fort Sumter?Tho Confederate Government Tax. Our friend, Capt. D. K. Norrie, has sent to the Intelligencer the follow? ing war papers, which will no doubt prove interesting to our readers, especial? ly to the younger portion. The first paper gives an account of the battle of Fort Sumter, and wa3 published as an extra by the Charleston Mercury on Saturday evening, April 13, ISfil, shortly after the fight ended. It reads as fol? lows : All last night the mortar batteries were throwing shells into the Fort. At an early hour tbi3 morning the gsn batter? ies re opened their fire, which had been suspended during the night. Major Anderson replied about seven o'clock with a vigorous fire. It appeared that he had become convinced that his fire against the Cummings' Point Batteries was ineffectual, for he now devoted his attention almost entirely to Fort Moul trie, the Dahlgren Battery and the Floating Battery. At ten minutes after eight, a. m., a thick smoke was seen issuing from the parapet, and the roof of the Southern portion of Fort Sumter barracks was soon in flames. The fire was produced either by a hot shot or a shell. During the progress of the fire, three explosions were produced by the fall of shells into the combustibles of the Fort. At a quarter to one o'clock the flag and flag staff of the United States was shot away. For some twenty r?in?tes no flag apeared above the fort. Col. L. T. Wig fall, in a small boat, approached it from Morris Island, with a white flag upon his Bword. Having entered, he called for Major Anderson, stated that he was an Aid-de-Camp of Gen. Beauregard ; that seeing his distress and the impossi? bility of his holding the post, he claimed, in the name of his Chief, its surrender. In reply to the inquiry "what terms will be granted," he stated that Gen. Beau regard was a soldier and a gentleman, and knew how to treat a gallant enemy, but that Major Anderson could not make his own terms, and must leave the details to Geu. Beauregard. Major Anderson then agreed to surren? der to General Beauregard, in the name of the Confederate States, aad hauled down his flag, which he had again lifted, accompanied by his white flag. The batteries then ceased firing, and Colonel Wigfall reported to Gen. Beaure? gard in Charleston. The following are substantially the terms of the capitulation : All proper facilities will be afiorded for the removal of Major Anderson and com? mand, together with company arms and property, and all private property. The flag which he has upheld so long, and with bo much fortitude under the most trying circumstances, may be salu? ted by him on taking it down. Major Anderson i.s allowed to fix the time of surrender, which is some time to? morrow (Sunday). He prefers going from Fort Sumter to the fleet off our bar. A detachment of the regular army from Sullivan's Island will be transferred to Fort Sumter: and one detachment from Morris Island. No one has been killed or wounded upon our side. A few of ihegarrif-nn of Fort Sumter were slightly \voundcrl. The Catawba will take Major Ander? son to tho fleet. Latest From Morris Island.?Hostilities Suspended For the Night. Morris Island, Saturday, April 13, 6 P. M. A boat tent in by the fleet of war ves? sels ofl'the Bar, has just been brought to by a shot from one of our batteries. It contained, besides the oarsmen, Lieut. Marcy, of the Powhatan, bearing a flag of truce. He reports the vessels in the offing to be the Baltic, Illinois, Powha? tan, Harriet Lane, and Tawnee. Lieut Marcy, in the name of his supe? rior officers, has announced a suspension of hostilities until to morrow morning. It is rumored that bo demands that Major Anderson and his men be allowed to join the fleet. South Carolina is Independent! Tux in Kind. The following order shows what tax our farmers had to pay on their pro? ducts : POST QUARTERMASTER'S OFFICE, 3d Congressional District ok So. Ca., Orangedorh, S. C, October 11,1S0-i. Producers in the districts of Orange burg, Barnwell, Beaufort and Colleton, and in the Parish of St. John's, Colleton, are notified that the whole crop of peas (when more than 20 bushels are pro? duced), and of ground peas (pinders), whether gathered or not, including what may have been sold or consumed, is taxed in kind; and that they must not turn their stock upon these crops until they Bball have reserved one-tenth for the use of the Government. The following articles are taxed in kind : Corn (when more than 200 bushels are produced?sboit corn is taxed with other corn) wheat, oats, rye, cured hay, wool (when more than 10 pouuds in the aggregate arc produced), buckwheat, rice, Irish potatoes (wheu more than 50 bushels are produced), cured fodder (when the corn from which it is made is taxed), sugar, molasses of caue or of sor? ghum (where more than 30 gallons are made), cottou (when raoro than 15 pounds of ginned cotton for each mem? ber of the family are produced), peas and beans (when more than 20 bushels are produced), ground peas (pinders), bacon (when over 250 pounds of net pork are produced), tobacco?to be collected by the agents of the Secretary of the Treas? ury. Where the tithe of molasses amounts to one or moro barrels, the producer, under the law, will furnish tho barrels. The Assessor in estimating tho tithe, will deduct such quantity as will equal the value of the barrels. Such barrels must bo light and substantial. The Assessoi will deliver a copy of his estimate to the producer. Grain will be estimated in bushel." according to the Government standard ol weight per bushel, viz : Wheat, per bushel.iW ixminl* Oats, per bushel..v' pound! Jiro, per bushel.5C pounds. Irish Potatoes, par bushel.HO pounds. Corn, per bushel."if. pounds. Rice, (rough,) per bushel.i! pounds. Peas, por bushel.no pounds. Ground Peas, per bushel.is pounds. Assessors will advise producers to re? fuse delivery cf their Tax in Kind pro? duce to persons not authorized to receive it, and to preserve the Assessor's esti? mates. If tithes are not delivered, pro? ducers will be liable to pay five time? the value, to be collected by the Tax Collec? tor. The Post (Quartermaster may direct such delivery at any time within eight months after the date of estimates. The receipts of Major E. Powell, Q. M., and of Capt. P>. F. Buckner, A. Q. M. fur Tax in Kind (Quartermaster stores), and of Captain J. F. Riley, A. 0. S. for Tax in Kind (Commissary stores,) if pre? sented within a reasonr.ble time, in dupli? cate, to the nearest Tithe Agent, will be acknowledged by him. M. Glover, Captain and Post Quartermaster, 3d Cong. Dist. of S. C. Take Care of Tour Eyes. It seldom happens that a New York street car makes a trip from its stable to the terminus of its route carrying at least one person under 40 years of age who wears glassed at least when he reads. This will give the uninitiated ssme idea of the prevalence of impaired eyesight. In a cafe near Madison square the other evening a reporter counted eight specta? cled young men out of twelve sitting at five tables in one room. With a view of learning the cause of this widespread weakness in the visual organs of the young mdn of this generation, the repor? ter sought Dr. George S. Norton, of the New York Ophthalmic College, a well known authority upon that subject of medical practice. "It is rare that a specialist finds a perfect eye," he said. "In nearly every instance some defect is found. The most common complaints are myopia and hypermyptropia, or near and far sighted ness, a3 they are commonly called. The former is increasing, but the latter is not, although the latter is far more prevalent just at present. The care of the eyes is far more important than most men real? ize. The improper use of the eyes which are weak results in a variety of complaint. It often causes headaches, depression and sometimes nervous prostration. These can be remedied if not cured by the use of glasses. In the purchase of glasses the sufferer cannot be too careful. The use of glasses that are improperly adjust? ed to the eye is sometimes more injurious than helpful. Another common com? plaint is called astigmatism, which con? sists of the irregular curvatuie of the corner. In sueb cases one part of the eye may be myopic while the other is hypermytropic. To avoid this, glasses must be used with lenses specially ground for the purpose." "How should the eye9 be taken care of?" "That depends entirely upon circum? stances. Each man's eyes differ from those of his fellow. No two pairs are alike. Here are a few simple directions in cases of accident which would be well to follow. When a cinder or any foreign Bubstance gets into the eye, never rub the eye. Wait a moment, and then gently open and close the lid ; the tears which follow this operation will usually wash out.the intruding substance. How over, should it refuse to go, turn up the lid under which the substance is and remove it with a soft hankercbief. If the substance becomes imbedded in the corner, or eyeball, go to a physician immediately. In bathing the eye it makes no material difference, as has been alleged, whether they are rubbed toward the nose or from it. It is injudicious, however, to allow water to enter the eye, as this act may engender disease. It should never be allowed except under skilled advice. Do not use the eyes after they are tired. They should be rested, if only for a moment. Avoid the use of the eyes while traveling in a railway car? riage or in a poor light. Do not work with the bead bent low. Use a sloping desk when writing. Never allow the light to shine in your eyes while work? ing ; let it come over the left shoulder, if possible. If this cannot be accom? plished wear a shade. Avoid the use of colored glasses unless competent advice, except when exposed to bright light, such as the glare of the sun upon snow or water. Then they may be used with great benefit. London smoked glasses, or blue, are the only col? ors that should be worn under these cir? cumstances. Avoid holding a book, when reading, too near the aye, as the nearer it is held the greater the strain. On the other then the Btrain is even greater. Contagion is the most fertile I cause of the spread of external diseases, especially granular lids. This is most generally the case in public institutions, where children live and Bleep together, and often wash themselves in the same water. Isolation is the only known method for preventing the spread of this disease. A normal eye should be per? fectly strong and not become easily tired. ItBhouldnot require the use of glasses until the age of 40 or-15 has been reached. By the use of proper glasses they should remain strong indefinitely. A far sighted man requires glasses for reading much earlier than a man who is near sighted. When a person did not need glasses for reading at 50 years of age it proves con? clusively that ho must have been near sighted in his youth.?New York Mail. ? Sbiloh's Catarrh Remedy?a posi? tive cure for Catarrh, Diphtheria and Canker-Mouth. ? The bridge which the Creusot Com? pany propose to construct across the English Channel is a stupendous under? taking, but engineers say it is not im? practicable. The bridge \a to be twenty miles long aud 1G0 feet above the level of tho sea. Thespau between piers is to be ! 1,000 feet. Tho bridge is to carry fuur , lines of railway track, and the cost is . estimated at C32.000.000 sterling. It is to , be constructed entirely of iron, in open work, combining lightness and strength, , aud offering the slightest and possible.?ur f face to tho sea. ? Why will you cough when ^hiloh's Cure will give iinmediatt; reliof, price \ 10 cts., ?0 cts., aud $1. g OUR PRESBYTEFIA3 RULER, Mr. Cleveland Before the Two General As* nemblleH. PniLAPELrniA, May 23.?The moat interesting episode for the Presbyurian Assembly thus far occurred this afternoon when the reception tendered jointly to the commissioners of the two General Assemblies, North and South, by Mr. and Mrs. Wister Morris, was held at their residence at Overbrook near this city. The President and Mrs. Cleveland were guests of honor, and this fact caused every member of the Assembly to brave the disogreeable weather and board the special train that started for Overbrook shortly before 3 o'clock this afternoon. The members of the Southern Assembly, some two hundred in number, arrived about an hour later. At the station they were met by the Rev. Dr. Henry C. Myrock, Dr. Mcln tosh, District Attorney George S. Graham and John Wannamaker Of this city. They were driven to Mr Morris's house, nearly a mile distant, and when nearing the place were met by the Mod erator, the Rev. Dr. Charles L. Thomp? son, and other officers of the Northern Assembly. When Dr. Thompson and Dr. Bullock, the venerable Moderator of the Southern Assembly, greeted each other, there was a chorus of cheers, which were renewed when the visitors entered the grounds, where the Presidefc! sod Mrs. Cleveland, the host and hostess, a:.d the commission ers of the Northern Assembly were wait? ing to receive them. The latter stood in double row with uncovered heads as the members passed up to the front of the portico where the exercises were to be held, the venerable Dr. Brown, of Vir? ginia, and the Southern Moderator, the Rev. J. J. Bullock, D. D., of Washing? ton, coming in for a special share of applause. Congressmen J. Randolph Tucker, of Virginia, and Breckinridge, of Kentucky, were conspicuous among the Southern lay commissioners and were heartily recognized. As the President and Mrs. Cleveland came out from the House to the portico there was a burst of cheering from the big assemblage on the lawn. The rain had ceased and the people stood with bare heads. The President was accompa? nied by the host, Mr. Morris, the Rev, Charles Wood, Moderators Thompson and Bullock and other officers of the two assemblies. Beside Mrs. Cleveland stood Mrs. Morris, Mrs. Wood and Mrs. Thompson. Mr. Morris introduced the President and Mrs. Cleveland in a brief address, and the President replied as fol? lows : "I am very much gratified by the opportunity here afforded me to meet the representatives of the Presbyterian Church. Surely a man should never lose his interest in the welfare of the Church in which he was reared, and yet I will not find fault with any of you who deem it a sad confession made when I acknowledge that I must now recall days rjow long past to find my closest relation to the grand and noble denomination which you represent. I say this because those of us who invite fealty to our churches, as I did, begau early to learn those things which makes us Presbyterians all the days of our lives, and thus it is that the rigors of our early teaching, by which we are grounded in our lasting allegiance, are especially vivid and per? haps, best remembered. The attendance upon church servico three times each Sunday and upon Sabbath-school during the noon intermission may be irksome enough to a boy of 10 or 12 years of age to be well fixed in his memory; but I have never known a man who regretted these thing in the years of his maturity. The shorter catechism though thoroughly studied was not perhaps at times perfectly understood, and yet in the stem labors and duties of after life those are not apt to be the worst citizens who were early taught what is the chief end of of man. "Speaking of these things and in presence of those here assembled, the most tender thoughts crowd from my mind, all connected with Presbyterianism and its teachings. There are present with me now the memories of a kind and affectionate father, consecrated to the cause and called to his rest and bis reward in the midday of his usefulness, the sacred recollection of the prayers and pious love of a sainted mother, a family circle, hallowed and sanctified by the spirit of Presbyterianism, I certainly cannot but express the wish and hope that the Presbyterian Church will always be at the front in every movement which promises the temporal as well as spiritual advancement of mankind. "In the turmoil and bustle of everyday life few men are foolish enough to ignore the practical value to our people and our country of the church organizations established among us, and the advantage of Christian example and teaching. The field is vast and the work sufficient to engage the efforts of every sect and denomination. But I am inclined to believe that the Church which is most tolerant and conservative, without loss of spiritual strength, will soonest find the way to the hearts and affections of the people. While wc may be pardoned for insisting that our denomination is the best, we may, I think, safely concede much that is good to all other churches that seek to make men better. "I am here to greet the delegates of two General Assemblies of the Presbyte? rian Church. One is called 'North' and the other 'South.' The subject is too deep and intricate for me, but I cannot help wondering why this should; be. These words, so far aB they denote eepa aation and estrangement, should be obso? lete. In the counsels of tho nation and in the business of the country they no , longer mean reproach and antagonism. Even the soldiers who fought for the North and the South are restored to fraternity and unity. The fraternity and unity is taught and enjoined by our Church. When shall she herself be united, with all the added strength and usefulness that harmony and union in? sure." The President spoke with much ear? nestness and in a clear, ringing voice that was heard all over the lawn. He was frequently applauded, and his refer? ences to the question of uuion and VOLUM! fellowship were greeted with cries of "good!" and "hear!" from members of both assemblies. Moderator Bullock offered prayer, a doxology wassung,and Moderator Thomp? son pronounced the benediction. The members of both Assemblies crowd? ed up to the porch and were separately introduced to the President and bis wife, who greeted all with a shake of the hand. After a collation, of which about eight hundred persons partook, the commission? ers North and South returned to Phila? delphia. This evening a reception to the members of the two assemblies was given in the Academy of fine Arts. in Eloping Faii {ake to vTotcr Sherman, Texas, May 20.?Intelli? gence reached here yesterday afternoon of a most remarkable elopement escapade which occurred Friday night at a point in the Indian Territory, about thirty miles Northeast of this city. Near a large stream which flows into the Bed River lives a white family by the name of Gor? don, composed of an old man and his wife, several sons and a daughter. A few months ago a young man by the name of Adams came into the neighbor? hood, hailing from Alabama, and seek? ing a location in which to engage as school teacher. He soon became ac? quainted with Miss Gordon aud fell in love with her. After a short period of wooing his love was reciprocated. The father and brother of the girl pro? tested against the engagement, and put a step to the associations of the young lovers. Adams by a clandestine correspond? ence with the young lady arranged an elopement, and|Friday night he met Miss Gordon a short distance from her resi? dence and started to escape on horseback. They wen pursued, however, by the father and brothers of the girl so closely that at the banks of the stream, which has been made deep and wide by the backwaters of the Red River, the couple were obliged to dismount in face of their pursuers. Young Adams is an expert swimmer, and, seeing no other way to escape, grasped Miss Gordon in his arms, plunged into the water and swam safely across with her to the other side, leaving the furious father and brothers with no remedy but to return home in disgust. The lovers succeeded in finding a proper officer, who united them in marriage un? der the liberal laws of the Choctaws, which do not require marriage licenses. Swept to her Death. Spartaxburg, May 22.?Yesterday afternoon about 5 o'clock Mr. Theron Earle and his sister, Miss Juliet Earle, attempted to cross North Tiger River, near Welford. Tho river was much swollen by the recent heavy rains, but they were told that the ford eras still passable. They were driving two spirited young horses, who, entering the stream and finding it swimming deep, became unmanageable. They were swept down the stream, overturning the buggy and precipitating the occupants into the foaming waters. Mr. Earle caught bold of one of the wheels and told his sister to hold on to him. After this, he remem? bered no more. The swift current wash? ed them down the stream into a mill pond some distance below, through this and over the dam on to the rocky shoals beneath. The horses finally reached the shore, having jerked loose from the brok? en buggy. Mr. Earle was found hanging tena? ciously to some brush projecting into the stream. From this position he was res? cued by the miller, who had beard the screams of alarm and bad hurried to the scene of the accideat. This morning the body of Miss Earle was found some two hundred yards below the shoals. She had a terrible bruise on the head, which shows that she had either been rendered unconscious before strang? ulation took place, or else that her head had struck upon the shoals in going over the dam. Miss Earle was the youngest daughter of the Rev. T. J. Earle, was of Gowens ville, Greenville County, and only 19 years of age. The Mystery of a Street far. Chicago, May 21.?A clever check raiser has been working among the tradesmen of the West Side for the last week and has caused them no end of bother. He worked the old game of getting a check from a firm for a small amount and then raising it $100, but be was an extraordinary skillful workman and had great success. He was a thin, clean-shaven man for awhile, and the police were looking out for him. Then he disappeared, but raised checks con? tinued to appear. This time the forger was a thin man with red side whiskers. Yesterday the clean-shaven man called at a West Madison street store for a check for $15 on the Commercial National Bank. The clerk bad beard about him and asked him to wait a minute. He ran out and got a policeman and one of the forger's victims, but when they reached the store the mau had gone. They saw him up the street getting into a street car. The policemen posted after him in a buggy. No one left the car, but when the policeman got up to it there was no clean shaven man in it. A thin man with red side whiskers was reading a paper and the rest of the passengers were women. The mystery was too much for him and he gave it up. The forger hasn't been seen since. ? The Rev. Geo. H. Thayer, of Bour? bon, Ind., says: "Both myself and wife owe our lives to Shiloh's Consumption Cure." For sale by Hill Bros. ? Dr.. Everett Wagner, a Ken tuck iao, who died recently, left $12,000 to charities and $1,000 to defray the expense of dis? tributing portions of his remains to bis immediate relatives. His liver, which was probably not in the best condition when he drew the will, is bequeathed by a codicil clause to his sister-in-law. The anatomical instrument has been admitted to probate. ? Are you made miserable by Indi? gestion, Constipation, Dizziness, Lo.'s of Appetite, Yellow Skin? Shiloh's Vital izer is a positive cure, l\ r sale by Hill Bros. 3 XXIII.- -NO. 47. All Sorts of Paragraphs. ? The Sultan of Turkey gets $7,500, 000 per annum. ? Tho latest idea in New York is a butterfiy show, at which 100,000 speci? mens will be exhibited. ? The sugar crop of Cuba, owing to prolonged drought, will show a yield of ten to twenty per cent below that of last year. ? A German doctor who has investi? gated the subject says that a mau's heart is two square inches larger than a woman's. ? The Bank of England is the most extensive banking institution in the world. It employs over 1,000 clerks, and its buildings cover eight acres. ? The floods in .the Mississippi are slowly abating. It is estimated that the damage to crops is $3,000,000 and to personal property, &c., $600,000. ? Mr. W. Y. Raily, of Kingston, Ga., has a duck with four wings and four feet and two backs all attached to one head. This is a wonderful freak of nature. ? The man who drinks much should eat heartily, says a medical authority. This is all very well, but the man who drinks much can't get anything to eat. ? The colored people of this country have a medical college and a college of dentistry. This year ten students grad? uated at the medical college in Nashville and three at the dental college. ? The National Bureau of Engraving and Printing is engaged night and day in printing one and two dollar silver certificates and to date has finished $26, 000,000 of ones and $17,000,000 of twos. ? Who says that advertising does not pay ? A Chicago burglar overlooked $80 in a bureau drawer, and the papers so announced. He returned the next night and not only secured it, but a suit of clothes besides. ? A California Judge has sentenced] Simon Hamburg to fifty-three years' im? prisonment or a fine of $19,000 for swindling an Oregon farmer by selling him property, the titles of which Ham? burg knew to be defective. ? Iu 1880 there were in the United States, in round numbers, 10,000,000 voters. Of this number, 2,000,000, or one-fifth of the whole number, were illiterate. One in every group of five could not write bis name ; one in every six could not read his ballot. ? Henry W. Boyd, of New York, was a model husband. He thought as his wife needed money the best thing he could do would be to commit suicide, and he therefore cut his throat. His life insurance amounted to $20,000. Hie bereaved ones are not inconsolable. ? A Buffalo man hung his watch at night over a pan of dough in the kitchen, and the next morning it was missing. He of course thought it had been stolen, and was considerably surprised at supper time to see the lost timepiece roll out of a loaf of bread his wife was cutting. ? A Florida radish is one of the phe? nomena commented/on by a southern exchange. It is said to weigh four pounds, and to measure six inches in diameter at the largest point. The body proper measures thirteen inches, and the tap root is thirteen more, making its tot*l length twenty-six inches. ? The amount of liquors consumed for thirteen years in the.United States, from 1860 to 1872, inclusive, was 2,000,702,066 gallons. The cost to the consumer was $6,780,161,805. If put in wagons?ten barrels to the wagon?they would extend 45,560 miles, nearly twice around the earth, or half to the moon. ? The largest trees in the world are the Sequoia Gigs?iia of California, found on the western slope of the Sierra Neva? da. Some are over thirty feet in diarae*" ter, and 350 feet high. Dancing parties have been held on a sawn trunk and a ' man on horseback has ridden erect' seventy-five feet through a hollow trunkf ? The Bible contains 66 books, 1,1$ chapters, 31,173 verses, 773,692 wordsj 3,586,489 letters. The middle verse [ the 8th verse of the 18th Psalm. T\h( longest verse is the 9th verse of the chapter of Esther. The shortest v? the 35th verse of the 11th chapter of Stj John. Ezra, 7th chapter, 21st verse contains all the letters of the aiphabe, except J. ? The young ladies of Oak Rid; Institute, Guilford County, N. C. ha] recently organized a debating society at their first contest was over the questior "Resolved, that women folks have more] sense than men" resulted in the affirma? tive, one young lady establishing the fact that Solomon's reputation for wisdom was altogether due to the advice given him by a thousand wives. ? A gentleman in Atlanta, Ga., is culiarly afflicted. One of his eyes is darJ blue in color and the other is a light gray. In the daytime?from sunrise sunset?he cannot see anything out the blue eye, but sees distinctly and wel] with the gray eye; and from sunrise he cannot see anything with gray one. His hearing is similiarlyj affected. He can hear only on the sii thus be can hear with one ear during daytime and with one ear during the] night. He never discovered this until] recently. ? The late cold snap has played havoc with the tobacco outlook in Kentucky, and thousands of acres already prepare will be put in other crops, because the cold has killed so many plants it will be impossible to start a crop. The fly is already at work, and in Owen county i alone, where one thousand acres had been I prepared, not over four hundred will haJ planted. The same ratio prevails through? out the entire White Burley district^-! Leading dealers at Chattanooga say the crop will not be any larger than that of last year, despite the increased acreage, Its Delicacy or Flavor And the efficacy of its actiou bavo rendered the famous liquid fruit remedy, Syrup of Figs, immensely popular. It cleanses and tones up the clogged and feverish system, dispels headaches, colds, and fevers, cures Habitual Constipation, Dyspepsia, and tho many ills depending on a weak or inactive condition ofthe Kidneys, Liver, and Bowels. Manufac? tured only by the California Fig Syrurj Company, San Francisco, Cal. 30-4