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J. G. CLINKSCALES, Editob. WHY KEN FAIL. Few men come up to their highest measure of success. Some fail through timidity, or lack of nerve. They are unwilling to take the risks incident to! life, and fair through fear in venturing on ordinary duties. They lack pluck.f" . Ojheia Jail through imprudence, lack of ,; discrettyn, care or sound judgment They .ovorestTmat? the future, and build air castles, and venture beyond their depth, and fail and fall. Others, again, fail through lack of application and per ^ieyerance. They, begin with good - resolves,, but soon get tired of that and - fcUwant a change, thinking they can do ranch : better at something else. Thus they .fret life av/ay, and succeed at noth ? Jm^. 'Otneraieaste time and moneyand fail I for want of economy. Many fail through ruinous habits; tobacco, whiskey, and ^teer spoil them for business, drive their best customers from them, and scatter their prospects of success. Some fail for want of brains, education and fitness for their calling ; they lack a knowledge of human nature and of the motives that actuate men. They have not qualified themselves for their occupation by prac? tical education.?Supplement. DOWN ! DOWN! DOWN I Down 1 down! down' to the child's level It is difScnlt to get there. Only a few sit on this low seat, and these are the greatest of human teachers. It } requires much knowledge to know how a . young learner thinks, but no human ( being can be taught by another unless ' both learner and teacher are on the same mental level. For the time being, a teacher must think as bis pupils think. The more a teacher knows the harder Sofien U is for him to teach. The gulf ?^j^^tweeu. the taught and teacher widens every day the teacher is growing; unless with; this growth there} Is kept in mind* vivid conception of how the learner thinks. Teachera'areexported to study all sorts : of subjects, and in order to be sure that they have done so, they are examined in work far beyond what they are ever expected to teach. The result is they v iget full of knowledge which unfits them to act a.) teachers. They become mighty, and.look down with contempt from a great height upon, the ignorance of poor beginners. Alas, alas I for children in the schoolroom of euch a teacher I How withering is' hia scorn 1 how arrogant is his pride I But when a learned man like Arnold comes down1 to the level of hia psjUlsyhow lie lifts them up 1 A questio!? flashes a flood of light on a dif? ficult problem, because he asks it on the * level of the difficulty. A single state? ment goes into- the comprehension of ^?V&iraftR at once, becauseit is understood. ] ^ffiriags all bi8 great learning down, %:} and'Iayaitatthefeefe of his pupil. Here is an ideal teacher! Great, yet simple I A man, yet a child I?Teacher? Institute. ASA GBAYv Asa. Grey, the foremost systematic botanist of America, and one of the most eminent naturalists of the world, died at his home in Cambridge Mass, after a protracted illness, on the 30th of January, at the age of seventr-seven. The following tiographical sketch, somewhat abridged, is taken from "Cath carfs Literary Be/jder" ? Born in Paris, Oneida county, N. Y., November 18,1810, be first studied med? icine, hmt bis enti usrastic love of bo tan i- j cal investigation withheld him from the practica of bis profession. In 1834 be . received the appointment of botanist to the United States exploring expedition, but, impatient of the delays which hin? dered that" enterprise, he resigned hia office in 1887. About that time he was ? ' cboseti Professor of Botany in the Uni versity ofMichigan; before that institu - tioa vfas ope?ed, be accepted the Fisher ProfesBorship of Natural History in ^Harvard University, and has ever since - .; filled it with honor to ?imself and great >-; advantage to science. In 1835 he pub? lished the first volumes of "North Amer , ican G^minea* and Cyperacese." In. 1838j in conjunction with John Torrey, M. D., he prepared the first part of "The ;: Flora of North America." The collec? tions made by the exploring expedition - of Commodore Wilkes during the years 1838-42, except those obtained from the Pacific coast, were placed in the hands . of Professor Gray for elaboration, and the fruits of his labpre are preserved in two volumes on the Botany of the United States Exploring Expedition. . But while, by his many works, Pro? fessor Gray lias won fame at home and ? abroad, he has established a still stronger claim upon the grateful respect of humanity by bis untiring and successful efforts to popularize the study of botany by the issq|ng of elementary books which combime literary grace and substantial instruction in singularly happy union. Among these are "How Plants Grow," "Hot? Plants Behave," "Lessons in pBojtany," "The'School and Field Book o' Botany," etc. His latest work has been devoted to the completion of his exhaus? tive "Synoptical Flora," and to the supervision of the issue of the remaining .volumes of the new "Botanical Text Book." _ A CBOOKED STICK 8TBAIGHTENED. > - I-had an ugly, unruly boy in my room, -and he gave me more trouble than all the rest bf the- class. AH through the different grades of the large grammar school he bad been a terror to bis teach? ers, and was hurried on to the next teacher with surprising alacrity and pre? cision. *He never lacked promotion. When I inherited bim I felt as if Neme? sis bad overtaken me, and just how to control him and secure any,kind of work from him was a problem I long wrestled with. For several weeks be was the ter? ror of the room, and my reputation for good order and dignity was, I felt, fast diappearing. The boy would not obey unless he felt like it, and punishments had no effect on him. He was there, he xuew be was there j he had a reputation to,?Btain; he had earned it by several IS & LANGSTON. years' close application to wrong doing, and he meant to maintain it at all haz? ards. , It is unnecessary to narrate his pranks. Every teacher has had such boys and will readily recognize this one. Every plan I evolved for the regeneration of this boy proved abortive. He wouldn't reform. Finally, by accident, I stumbled on the care. I am not ashamed to say that it was an accidental plan, for it was one of those things that philosophers tell us are bound to come to pass. . I discovered that he was interested in drawing, or rather was interested in sketching odd, bits of scenery; or objects in the room, not even omitting his respected teacher, who was a typical BChoolmarm and wore glasses. I resolved to make the most of this one talent?if talent it was?and so one day, when I was in my best and sweetest mood, I asked the terror if he would not draw a plan for some shelves I wanted put np in my closet. He assented, and the sketch was neatly and accurately made: There was a new look in his eyes and anew expression on his face when *he gave me the paper on which the drawings were made. Then J advanced slowly and cautious? ly. I needed some maps made, following a new invention of mine in cartography, and again I employed the terror, and again the result was encouraging. I judiciously praised him, and exhibited the maps to the class and called for copies. None ever equaled his and his joy was complete. We were studying the continent of Asia, and the terror never had his geog? raphy lesson learned ; but when I sug? gested that if he were to keep up his reputation in drawing he must draw the details of the country he was sketching, geography became a new study to him, And he easily made excellent progress in this branch. To do this he had to forego some of bis "fooling business," and it was given up simply because he had some? thing more to his liking to do. In fine, and to the point) the terror came out of his ehrhyaalis state a new creature.-^Us old ways were left, and he readily jjj?$pred the better method living. From a slouching, unkempt, uncouth, shambling, horrid boy, he emerged into being a respectable, neat, tidy, order loving, - painstaking; and industrious young man. I had found that,there was something he could do, and something he liked to do, and that was all. there was to it. By doing something worth the doing he had no time or liking.for doing what was not worth the doing, and mischief became no longer the object of his existence.?Winthrop, American Teacher. : Big Salaries in New York. There are a score of men in New York who are paid as much for their services each year as the President of the United States. Forty thousand dollars a year is a very tidy salary. There are hundreds of men who get $25,000 a year salary, and the number who get from $10,000 to $20,000 are legion. Very ordinary men get from $5,000 to $8,000 a year, or as much as a cabinet officer. Dr. Norvin Green, president of the Western Union Telegraph company, is paid $50,000. So ! is Ghanucey M. Depew, president of the [ New York Central railroad. Richard M. McC?rdy, president of the Mutual Life Insurance company, gets a like amount. John Hoey, president of Adams Express company, fares equally as well. President Henry B. Hyde, of the. Equitable Life Insurance company, is also in the list. George G. Williams, president of the Chemical National Bank, the richest banking institution in Ameri-^ ca, with nearly $5,000,000 of surplus, 20,000,000 average deposits, is paid a salary of $25,000 yearly. President Potts, of the Park bank, and President Tappan, of the Gallatin National bank, receive a like sum each twelve months. The best paid minister in New York is Dr. John Hall, a brainy man from north of Ireland, who preaches to* $200,000,000 every Sunday. His is the smallest church in town. He owes his rise in life to Robert Bonner, of the Ledger, who found him preaching to a small congre? gation in Dublin, and induced him to come to America. He gets a salary of $20,000 a year and makes $5,000 by his newspaper and magazine articles. He is given a luxuriously .furnished house as well. Dr.. Morgan Dix, the chief pastor of Trinity church corporation, the wealthiest in America, receives $15,000 yearly. Dr. William L. Taylor, of the Broadway Tabernacle, gets the same amount. He does literary work and lecturing that brings his incoume up to $20,000. Dr. Charles Hall, of the Fifth avenue Presbyterian church, is paid $12, 000. He has a large and distiuguiahtd congregation. Cyrus W. Field is one of the pillars of the church. Dr. Paxton, who preaches to Jay Gould and others less wealthy, is paid $15,000. The Bev. Dr. Colly er, the blacksmith preacher, is paid $10,000. ? This feeling of weariness, bo often experienced in the spring, results from a sluggish condition of the blood which, being impure, does not quicken with the changing season. Ayer's Sarsaparilla, by vitalizing and cleansing the blood, strengthens and invigorates the system. ? A New York gentleman has receiv? ed a letter from Texas, in which the writer says: "A few weeks prior to writ? ing this letter a negro in central Texas was chased by a hoopsnake. The negro was mounted on a mule. He saw that be would be overtaken, whereupon he dismounted and sought shelter behind a large cypress tree. The snake uncoiled and threw itself against the tree, burning its poisoned prong at the end of tbe tail so deeply into the wood that it could not extricate itself. A splinter from tbe tree struck the mule and killed it. Next day the tree, which was several feet in cir? cumference, bad shrivelled to the size of a sappliog." ? Ayer's Pills are the best cathartic for correcting irregularities of the stomach. and bowels. Gentle, yet thorough in their action, they cure con? stipation, stimulate tbe appetite and digestive organs, and strengthens the system THE FARMERS' MANIFESTO. Capt. THlmnn and his Colleagues Speak to the People. To the People of South Carolina The Executive Committee of the Farmers' Association, feeling that it is incumbent upon them, as the representa? tives of the organized farmers of the State, to outline a policy of retrenchment and reform in consonance with the aims and purposes of the farmers' movement, and to explain the grounds upon which we shall ask the support and aid of our Democratic fellow*citizens in the coming election, wonld call the earnest attention of all persons in sympathy with our aspi? rations for agricultural education and a more economical and efficient govern? ment to the facts and reasons herein set forth. We claim only our just share of edu? cational advantages for the agricultural and industrial classes, and that the same shall be placed within the reach of the average farmer's son, and not, as is now the case, we be compelled to support only such institutions as are inaccessible to most farmers, and which do not furnish the cheap and practical education needed. We make no war upon the South Carolina University as a place for obtaining a scientific and classical edu? cation, and reiterate our desire to see the South Carolina College liberally sup? ported, and to become a real university worthy of our State. But we assert without fear of successful contradiction that farmers cannot be educated iu a city and remain farmers; and that in all efforts to mix practical and literary training, the first has been overshadowed ; the agricultural students have been few, and the attempt an utter failure. The demand for better facilities for cheap and practical education for farm? ers has been, heretofore refused on the plea of expense, and the opposition has not hesitated to scare the taxpayers with largely exaggerated estimates of the probable cost of a separate agricultural college. With consummate cunning and unblushing inconsistency they have taken advantage of the agitation for a separate agricultural college to build up the won? derful ten students' "annex," and, while crying out against deception of plant and teaching force, have actually increased the tax beyond what the farmers' association thought of asking for. Not satisfied with robbing the "industrial classes" of the benefits of the "land scrip" fund, they have stretched forth their greedy hands and grabbed the Hatch fund also; and a State which two years ago was too poor to support any experimental station at all, now supports three, with their duplicated attaches, thus frittering and wasting the funds appropriated for scientific investigation. In 1885 the University, including Claflin and the Citadel, had an income of about 150,000, and the Trustees claimed that, as then constituted, it afforded all the practical training for farmers needed by the State. Its ircome is now approxi? mately $97,000 per annum, but as an agricultural school it is a bigger and more costly deception. But while our efforts to obtain a recog nition of our rights and needs have hitherto failed to secure a college for educating farmers, fortune has unexpect? edly smiled on us. The magnificent bequest of Mr. Clemson, whose affection for his adopted State and wise insight has removed the great stumbling block in the way of providing a suitable Bite and farm for the college, gives us the coveted opportunity. By this bequest not only do the farmers come in possession of property , valued at well night $100,000, but also of an estate eminently suited for I the purpose for which it is given, and hallowed by . the sacred memories of Carolina's greatest statesman. We have the authority of General Stephen D. Lee for saying that $100,000 is ample for building and equipping a school like the Mississippi College. Without counting anything donated by Mr. Clemson except the Caljmun homestead, we propose to show bow the needed money can be obtained without increasing the taxes one single dollar; and while many have believed that the building of a separate agricultural college was and is the only vital issue represented by the farmers' movement, we shall call attention to other reforms which we deem of equal or greater importance. The purchasing power of money is much greater than it was ten years ago. The tax-paying power has not increased at all, while the price of our main money crop?cotton-?has hovered very near the cost of production. The reduction of expenditures, when possible, must then appeal to the com? mon Bense as well as the pockets of our people, and no good reason can be given why salaries in our State should remain fixed higher than in North Carolina and Georgia?both larger and wealthier States. We invite the careful attention of taxpayers to the following figures, taken from the Comptrollers' reports of the three States: N. c. s. c. 1887. 188G. Executive Department.S 5,200 $ 9,500 Comptroller General Department.. 3,500 5,800 Educational Bureau. 3,100 4,500 Judiciary Department, (counting only 8 out of 12 Judges). 87,000 50,750 Board of Health-. 2,000 9,100 State Department. 4,000 4,100 Militia. 7,500 13,000 Treasury Department.? 6,000 7,100 Adjutant and Inspector General..... 1,300 4,400 State House Keeper...... 750 1,550 Total.$70,300 $115,900 Difference for doing the same work. $45,600 Then here is another table of equally instructive figures: ASSESSED VALUE OF MOPE BT Y. . Georgia. No Ca. So Ca. 1885. -.- $144,000,000 1886.$329,000,000 $202,000,000 141,000,000 1887. 342,000,000 210,000,000 Gain.$13,000,000 $8,G00,0# . Loss. $3,000,000 SALARIES PAID, AC. Ga. N. C. S. C. Salary of Governor.$ 8,000 $ 3,000 $ 3,500 Other State Officers. 13,500 14,000 15,725 Supremo Court Judges..... 9,000 7,303 11,000 Circuit Judges, each. 2,000 2,500 3,500 Public Printing. 9,000 . 13,000 Senate Contingent Fund. 35 . 375 House Contingent Fund.. 50 . 900 Stationery, Legislature... 700 . 800 Bate of State tax on $100, (1887,) Georgia, 37 cents ; South Carolina, 52% cents. In 1879 Georgia's assessment was In round numbers..$235,000,000 In 1887. 341,000,000 Gain of wealth in 9 years.$106,000,000 ANDEKSON, S.O., South Carolina on the contrary has gained nothing, but lost. But judging by the way money is paid in salaries, etc., we are by long odds the richest and moat prosperous of the three States. Does anybody claim that we have more effi cient or abler officials than Georgia and North Carolina? It is urged that a ' reduction of pay would bring in a set of "cheap" men who would be inefficient. But, judging by the scramble over a vacant Judgeship or Solicitor's place, we think our taxpayers can safely rely on getting just as good as they now do for the same money paid by North Carolina or Georgia. Without going into figures, we take it for granted that our Lunatic Asylum and Penitentiary are managed in just as extravagant a manner as the other departments?the one proving a great burden to the taxpayers and the other yielding no income, though it might be made to pay at least $40,000 a year to defray the expenses of the government. We have shown that $45,000 can be saved if the Batne basis of expenditure as in North Carolina be adopted. The privilege tax on fertilizers amounts to over $30,000 yearly. The work done by it can and ought to be done' by the agricultural college. Here, then, is $75,000 to build and equip the college, without either touching Mr. Clemson's - money or resorting to new taxation. If, then, we leave the University the 534,500 now appropriated and the tuition fees and relieve it of the expense of attempt ing to educate farmers and mechanics in an uncongenial atmosphere, it can accomplish its needed work in a more efficient manner and be the better for getting rid of these bones of contention; while after the Clemson College is built, it would have the following income with? out looking to the taxpayers at all, it and the experimental stations: Landscrip Fund.$ 5,750 Hatch Fund. 15,000 Privilege Tax?say. 30,000 Total.$50,750 With this sum we can keep up an excellent agricultural school at. Fort Hill, worthy of South Carolina, worthy of Calhoun, and last, but not least, worthy of Mr. Clemson. But there are also other reforms and economies imper? atively demanded before we can lift the burden of taxation to any marked degree. We have too much and too hasty legisla? tion, and we believe it would be economy and wisdom to have our Legislature meet biennially instead of annually, as at present, and to change the date of its 'session. That the burdens of taxation are not equally borne is too evident, and those taxpayers who are honest in their returns are gievously imposed on. Gov? ernor Hagood long since pointed out that our county governments are both ineffi? cient and extravagant, nearly as much being spent on them now as in Badical days. We are handicapped and cut off from any improvement along that line by our Badical Constitution while our very existence as a free people is jeopardized by the ignorant horde of voters, watching and praying for a split in our ranks. We earnestly urge the importance and neces? sity of a constitutional convention to secure needed economy in county affairs, the abolition of useless offices, and to throw stronger safeguards around the citadel of white supremacy before the seeds of discord shall sprout and grow, to accomplish all this our people must arouse themselves from their lethargy and take a more intelligent and active interest in political affairs. And here we would warn them to see to it that a set of greedy politicians and office seekers shall not again, as in past years, nomi? nate a State ticket out of hand, without having a canvass, or even an expression of sentiment, on these and other impor taut issues. Public discussion is not only the best means of educating the masses, but is also the chief safeguard of our liberties and the only guarantee of our rights. In behalf, then, of the farmers, whom we represent, and as one of the best means of bringing about these* reforms, we insist on a^w?yass by those it is to control the State government during the next two yeara; before they are nominated, so we can know just how they stand. Becognizing the ^ability of the present incumbents, and fn no wise intending to cast any reflections upon them, we yet feel that if they seek renomination, they could spend some of their leisure during the summer most profitably in discussing before their con? stituents these and any other questions of public interest. Thus they can show wherein we are wrong if they disagree with us, or give us the advantage of their approval, if they approve. See to it then, fellow-citizens, those of you who sympa? thize with our objects and aims, that no tricks be played upon os in the May convention. Farmers are too busy to give much thought to their public duties. But they can and should at least demand, and thus will obtain, the right to select their officials knowingly, and make no more leaps in the dark. But in the end the whole matter, both of establishing the agricultural college and of making the much needed reforms and economies in the State government, rests with the coming Legislature. Our experience with the one just adjourned teaches us to beware of demagogues and fence straddlers and weak-kneed indi? viduals without firmness of character or any convictions of their own. We would therefore advise and urge the absolute importance of selecting .candidates of firmness and capacity, and of requiring them to define and explain their posi? tions. If a candidate is too good or too unfixed to pledge himself to any line of policy demanded by the people, he can and should be left at home; and when a candidate, after having pledged himself and been elected, breaks that pledge, as did a goodly number in the last Legisla? ture, ho is no longer worthy the confi? dence and respect of any intelligent voter. Appealing, then, to good sense and patriotism not of farmers alone, but of all classes of our people, to aid us in our efforts to secure equal justice and equal advantages to all, and to purify and ele? vate our politics, and to bring about a THURSDAY MORNI more economical and efficient govern? ment in State and county, We are, respectfully, (Signed) D. K. Nobris, b. b. Tillman, H. R. Thomas, W. q. M. Bebley, E. P. Moore, John Morroh, j. b. morrison, Executive Committee Farmers' Asso? ciation. Columbia, April 21, 1888. Women and Dress. ella wheeler wilcox Every woman ought to dress in a man Ber pleasing to the eyes of the man she loves. Next to tbe saving of her own soul, it is the most imperative duty of her life. If she loves no man, then she should endeavor to be comely in the sight of her friends and associates. Whenever a woman is careful and dainty in her dress, she helps to refine the tastes of those about her. So long as she keeps these objects in view, she is justified in the use of what? ever time and money her situation may demand for the purpose. When she [ ignores these points and dresse3 to outvie her neighbor, she is indulging in soul? less extravagance. If a woman knows that she cannot afford to wear as rich clothing as some of her neighbors, or that she over-taxes or embarrasses her husband in the effort, Bhe is guilty of an inexcusable folly, almost crime, if she insists upon it. The garment which' has to be obtained by coaxing or tears and paid for by sleep? less nights of worry, can never bring the wearer happiness or success. ' Young men declare they cannot afford to marry now-a-days because girls are so extravagant. They may blame them? selves for much of this extravagance. It is the well-dressed woman on whom they bestow their attention and compliments. ' I think as a rule, however, that it does not require extravagant expenditure to produce pleasing effects for the opposite sex. Men like a well-fitted garment, in the prevailing fashion and in becoming colors. I heard a gentleman rave over a lady's costume one day, and pronounced it one of the most effective and elegant he bad ever seen. It vras a simple serge, but exquisitely fitted and draped, and color was exactly suited to tbe wearer. His wife, who frowned at his rhapsodies, and no. doubt wondered at bis taste, was attired in an expensive silk, over trim med and clumsily made, and of a hideously unbecoming shade. ' I know two girls: One is a daughter of wealth, who wastes a fortune on dreEB every year. I say wastes, because she throws her money away recklessly, ruins a garment quickly, and is seldom neatly dressed. Tbe other girl wears inexpen? sive meterials, is scrupulously neat and careful, and on one-twentieth of tbe money enpended by the heiress Bhe is better apparelled and more pleasing to the eye. American women dress in far better and more distinctive taste than they did a decade of years ago. Individuality in dress is becoming more potent than fash? ion. Few of us are aware to whom thanks are due for this welcome innovation. We made sport of Oscar Wilde, yet we owe him almost as great a debt of grati? tude as we owe to tbe centennial celebra? tion of 1876. He told tbe American woman to study her persqnel, and to adapt her garments to her "own particu? lar style." He told ber to dare to be artistic, and tbe effect of his words in? creases with each passing year. No woman ought ever to make a pur? chase of even a print or cambric without pausing to think whether it suits her style. If she ia tall and sallow, she does npt need to increase her height and sal lowness by a pale plue stripe! Leave that for tbe short blonde and purchase a crimson check or a plain dark blue. Men are quick to note with apprecia? tive glances, or ready words of admira* tion, a fresh and stylish toilet. They are quick to deride and ridicule a woman who dares to be independent of fashion. So long as mankind finds fashionable garments the attractive ones, so long will womankind strive to keep close to some fashion, no matter how she pinces us, picks us, drags us down and overloads us. We all desire to be pleasing in tbe eyes of tbe lords of creation ; we are all wounded if we receive neglect or ridicule from them, and we have all noticed that whatever our fathers, husbands, lovers or brothers may say theoretically on the subject, that they invariably show their admiration for a handsomely dressed woman who combines good taste with fashion. It is a painful truth that the woman who ignores fashion impairs her useful? ness and brings upon herself anuoyance. If Bhe travels, she meets with rudeness and ridicule. If she goes shopping, she meets with inattention and discourtesy. If she goes on an errand of charity, she-is looked upon as a crank or an im poster. - A fashionable costume on the other hand, is an open letter of credit. The conductors look after you, tbe sales? lady is attentive, the banker obsequious and tbe usher of the church finds tbe best pew for you. It is pitiful, but it is true A great deal has been said of late con* cerning tbe decollete dress for ladies. I have seen immodest dressing which shocked and disgusted me, but it seems to me the rule that American women know where to draw tbe line. I could never understand why the un? covering of pretty arms and shoulders was any more immodest than the uncov? ering of a pretty face. In Asia custom considers the latter improper. Men exhibit an unreasonableness in this matter also. A pretty young wife broke into tears one evening and confid? ed her trouble to me. She bad just returned from a reception, wearing a close, high-necked dress. "John has talked of nothing all the way home," she said, "but the beauty and elegance of Mjrg, ?- He thinks her^a model of NG, MAY 3, 1888. good taste in dress. She was attired in a low-necked sleveless gown. Yet he would not let me wear my necked bodice with the lace sleeves, he said it was immodest. If John held his wife's neck too sacred to be gazed upon by other eyes, it was at least very had taste for him to , expatiate on the charms of another wo? man's shoulders. Had he been a man of tact, he would have assured his wife that she was a thousand times more attractive in her closely buttoned dress than Mrs, S-in her decollete gown. But he proved by word and act that he really admired the decollete gown the more. Decoleete is a French word from decol letee, "to uncover the neck." It does not signify any indecent -display of the person, although it is frequently im? properly used in that sense by the critics. So long as it is the neck which is uncov? ered, and the occasion is suitable, I am at a loss to find the indelicacy of this I very pretty custom. Far more shocking to my sense of the proprieties is the sight of much jewelry worn in daylight and in street cars. Precious gems seem to me to belong to the night almost as exclusively as the stars of heaven. But the woman herself is the most precious gem of all, and unless she is truthful, unselfish, chaste and intelligent no amount of beautiful apparel or fashionable attire can win her lasting admiration. Bible Plants, It must not be supposed, however, that the flora of the Holy Land is meagre. On the contrary, it is strikingly rich and diversified; There are twice as many species of plants native to Palestine as there are in the very much wider area of the British Isles. But it is only on account of their economic utility, or because of their suitability for moral and spiritual illustration, that they are men? tioned by the inspired writers. The geographical conditions of Palestine are so varied and its climate is so favorable to vegetable growth that no bota'nist will feel astonished at the richness of its flora. Of Oriental types there are the splendid acacias, and their brightly colored para? site, the loranthus; the denizens of the mountain include the oak, the maple,the magnificent cedar and the pretty oxyria; among the trees are the carob, the tere? binth, the olive and the oleander; crowds of orchids and anemones, lilies and pink's, cyclamens and echiums, and many other snowy flowers occur in such profusion as to lead Canon Trisham to compare the scene to the Garden of Eden; while everywhere are seen most of the blossoms that ornament the English wayside and hedgerow?the buttercup and daisy, the campion and corn-poppy, the dog-rose and bayocy, the,willow-herb and german? der speedwell, the berbrobert and stitch wort, the wild mint and selfbeal, the groundsel and dandelion, and others familiar to us. The ? chief attractfon, however, of the Palestinian flora does not lie in its profusion, nor even in its beauty, but in its hallowed associations. We cannot help feeling impressed even by the simple daisy and buttercup of those pastures over which Abraham walked when, by divine direction, he pitched his tent in the land of promise. The beautiful tulips and orchids shine with added charms when we reflect that it was flowers like these, and growing where they now flourish, that David, the ruddy-faced shepherd lad, plucked while guarding bis father's flocks. These charming anemones and tinted or spot? less lilies that transfigure the plains and ponds of Judsea seem to speak to our very soul as they re ecfio the sweet and oftneeded lessons of trust and content? ment which the Saviour drew from them. ?From the Quiver. Figuring as a Freak. New York, April 22.? J. B. Jackson, an American export merchant in Can? ton, China, who arrived here to day by way of San Francisco, said to Press News reporter that the recent floods in China were even more terrible than reported. A territory as large as New York State was inundated and depopulated, and thousand of Chinamen drowned. One of the most singular incidents of the flood was the escape of the Bev. Mr. Perkins, a Protestant missionary, from a Chinese circus, which was caught in the flood. He was a thousand miles into the inte? rior of China and started to preach in a village. His auditors could not under? stand him, and he could understand nobody. There happened to be a travel? ling Chinese circus in the village that day. He drew more people than the circus, because he was white, and the people had never seen a white man before. The circus men capture'd him as a freak, and put him in a cage. He was made to stand in the cage in an odd costume, and was taken from town to town to throughout the interior of China as a wild man. A pig-tailed Chinaman stood at the door of the circus and delivered a lecture on him. The Chinese fakir represented the missionary as white, wild and untama? ble. When the missionary walked up and dowu his cage, exposulation with the yellow spectators, his words were taken as meaningless gibberish. The wise Chinamen looked on with scientific courtesy. For nearly two years he was the standard curiosity, the greatest freak of the interior of China. He was the Jumbo of the Chinese menagerie. One day the circus, which the mission? ary had made popular, was having an exhibition in a Chinese town. The flood swept down, and the showmen and peo? ple fled for their lives; but many were drowned. The missiouary got out of the cage and escaped. Amid the horror and confusion he made his way to Canton, and rejoiced at his deliverance. He is as sanguine of the conversion of the Chinese as ever. An Elegant Substitute For Oils, Salts, Pills, and all kinds of bitter, nauseous Liver Medicines and Cathartics is the very agreeable liquid fruit remedy, Syrup of Figs. Its advan? tages are evident?It is more easily taken, more acceptable to the stomach, more pleasantly effective, and more truly ben? eficial to the system than any other rem? edy. Becommended by leading physi? cians. For sale by Simpson, Beid & Co I A TERRIBLE FIGHT. I The King of Beasts and tbe King of Aloe? keys Fight to tbe Beatb. Correspondence of the New York Star. I In the gloomy recesses of the primeval I forests, still to be found in Central Africa, I there is a vast unexplored field stretch I ing forth its unmeasured space to the I hunter and the naturalist. It is of an episode there that I now I write. I My guide and I had been for two days I after big game with but little success, un* I til shortly after noon on the second day we I struck what appeared to be one of the ] dense patches of impenetralia that cannot I be described, but must be seen to be I understood. I My guide suddenly paused and made a I sign to me with his open palm, which in I the language of the hunter, said that he I had struck a trail, or beard some token I of tbe proximity of game that had I escaped my less acute powers. I cau I tiously advanced to his Bide, and follow I iug the direction of his finger peered I through the brush, and saw that we lay I on the edge of a small clearing overshad? owed by an enormous tree, whosejfoliage, I without really admitting a greater volume I of light, seemed to equalize the gleam, and so renders objects at a distance of I thirty or forty yards perfectly perceptible. Right opposite to us, with bis back I against a tree, was the sleeping form of a huge gorilla, his hands hanging down by his aides, his legs crooked in front of him and his bead listlessly lying sidewise on I his shoulder. Some distance from him was the female, apparently busily engag? ed in gathering nuts, swinging from tree to tree, now disappearing into the surrounding forests, but ever and anon returning to keep watch and ward over the sleeping lord and master. For some minutes I hesitated as to what course to I pursue, whether to attempt to get any closer, as tbe distance was rather a long I one, in such a light, to attack an animal like the gorilla, who, if only wounded, would, in all probability, with tbe female charge right down on us ,* or if I should take all risks and rely on tbe second rifle of my guide. At last I decided to take my chance where I was, but, upon raising my rifle, I heard a scream of agony from the female, which caused the sleeper to rise to his feet, and as it did bo the female literally fell from a tree on tbe edge of the clearing-down to the ground, uttering the most piercing cries that human imagination can conceive. Then a terrific roar, that shook the very ground broke upon the silence and told, the history of the female gorilla's fright. It was a lion and at the?sonnd of bis voice she again fled into the trees, while tbe male uttered a deep, savage, hoarse roar that was the answer to the lion's. Immediately a crashing sound was heard, and a full grown lion bounded into the open and stood his head erect, his mane bristling like the hair on a cat, the very personifi? cation of brute strength and courage. As bis eyes lighted on the gorilla bis tail began to wave to and fro. Wider and wider grew its sweep, until at last it struck its ribs, first one side and then tbe other, with resounding blows, while roar upon roar gave token of his increasing rage and anger. The gorilla placed his hands upon the ground and bounding up again and again, seemingly for the pur? pose of enraging the lion to the greatest possible degree. He then rose to his full height on his hinder hands, uttering tremendous roars and beating' his breast with his great fist, producing sounds like those made by heavy blows upon a bass.drum. Then he dropped upon all fours again, remaining perfectly motionless with the exception of his eyebrows, which worked np and down with lightning speed, giving an expres? sion of ferosity to his face that is inde? scribable. Fascinated at the sight, my rifle drop? ped from my shoulder and my guide and I lay fiat upon the ground, mute witness? es of the tragedy abon't to be enacted. Suddenly tbe lion uttered another ear splitting roar and bounded forward. A few short steps, a tremendous leap, two or three short, sharp growls, and both combatants were in the air together, the gorilla having leaped high and straight as the lion charged. In midair the lion turned and struck apparently at tbe gorilla, who, as tbe lion fell on his sides upon the ground alighted on him, struck him two terrific blows and bounded away with a sliding run to a distance of several yards. I could now see that the gorilla was severely wounded on the head and side and that the lion had a fearful gash in his side, for surely his ribs could never have withstood those two tremen? dous blows. Ab soon as he regained his feet he charged at tbe gorilla again and again, but was eluded every time, it being almost impossible to follow their rapid move? ments in the half light of the clearing. At last tbe lion paused, and as be did so tbe ape dashed at him and striking him . a stunning blow on the side of the head, completely.rolled him over. Again and again the charges were renewed and at j every pauBe the gorilla returned the charge and knocked the lion sidewise. These blows seemed to daze the great cat, and as be more than once staggered and fell, tbe gorilla meanwhile dancing with a peculiar bobbing movement around and in front of him. Tbe lion now began to make feints to draw bis adversary within range. At last, stopping in a mad rush, the gorilla struck short, the lion rushed in, turned upon his back and received tbe gorilla with teeth and claws. Growls, enarls and roars pealed forth from a whirling mass of leaves and dust; limbs and bod? ies strangely mingled were dimly seen though as twenty beasts instead of two were engaged in one conglomerate death . struggle. At last there was a sickening crash, a horrible crunching of bones, a demoniacal yell of pain, faster and faster whirled tbe mass, then followed a pause, . and I saw tbe lion was uppermost with the left arm of the gorilla in bis powerful jaws; his claws were fixed in the ape's shoulder and be himself was one mass of gashes and rents. The right hand of the 1 gorilla was fixed in the lion's side, and [ both of his right hands were drawn up . seemingly imbedded in tbe lion's ribs. There was a moment's pause, and if for . breath, and] then tbe gorilla suddenly _VOLUM] twisted bis bead under the lion's throat, the hinder hands straightened out with a nauseating sound of rending flesh, as with one swift stroke he com? pletely disemboweled the lion. There arose a terrible cry of anguish, a sudden twirl around, several strokes of brown paws and dark, hairy arras through the cloud of dust, and then all was over. The whirling leaves settled, and there in a death grip lay the two mighty monarcbs of the wilds. The lion was utterly j disemboweled, his entrails having been seized by the hinder bands and literally dragged out by the roots; while the lion by a last dying effort, bad succeeded in getting his throat freed from the gorilla's teeth and with one powerful blow had smashed the ape's head, as a hammer; does a hickory nut. Presently a figure moving on the edge of the clearing attracted our notice, and we saw the female gorilla peering out between the bushes, with an agonizing human look upon her face that was dreadful to see. Slowly and cautiously she advanced across the open space until she reached the bodies; then she toiched first one and then the other, uttering plaintive cries of grief that were touching in the extreme. At last she managed to disentangle the body of her mate, look? ed into the eyes, examined the wound, and still crying, took it in her arms, and, laboriously dragging it across the open space disappeared in the forest beyond. She was safe from iny rifle. I would not have shot her for a million dollars, and it was with a strange feeling of depression that I turned my back upon the clearing, and following my guide left behind the scene of one of the most interesting and vivid experiences of my not uneventful life. The Tired Wife and Mother, Man that is born of woman, is born tired, that is, prone to fatigue. Woman that is married to man, is just as prone to fatigue. It is in their respective meth? ods of showing their tiredness that a man and a woman differ as widely as the roar of a cyclone differs from the sigh and sob of the ocean's voice. When a man is "used up," "tired out," he not only knows it but he takes some plains to im? press the fact upon those about him, those of his own household in particular. His wife knows it while he is yet afar off; knows it by bis step, the way he bangs the front door, and by the manner of his hanging up coat and hat in [the hall. The children know it, often to their cost. The used up man's clerk knows it and acts accordingly, and his employes know that; in their employer's sullen visage the storm signal is visible. The average man (there are some glorious exceptions to this rule) is, when suffering from fa? tigue, not only very tired, but he makes those about him tired with him, often of | him. So much for the father and hus? band. How about the wife and mother? She is never aggressively tired, though she may be complainingly so. She is most apt to hide from those about her the fact that she is tired, and to smile is very, very tired, and to smile when she is weary to the hearts core. For a woman's work and duties are of the kind that bring weariness of soul and body and spirit. She is often called upon to comfort such a wearying array of small worriment in the fulfillment of her daily duties as would simply madden the most even tempered man. Yet she not only passes the ordeal successfully, but is ready, when the day is over, to absorb from her husband some of his troubles and weari? ness by the exercise of womanly sympa? thy. It can be safely assumed that men, as a rule, and as compared to the utter weariness which comes to woman, do not know the meaning of the word "tired." But they think they do, and they act in a manner calculated to make their weari? ness very wearisome to others. Die Unnecessarily. Many people die unnecessarily. Few people take proper care of themselves. Healthy people are prone to be careless, and so destroy their health. Youth and health place the individual in a sort of intoxication. The healthy young man is full of life, energy, ambition, hope, enthu? siasm. He thinks he can do anything with his vigorous constitution, and he generally does about everything with it. He finds that a night of sound sleep re? cuperates him, and he imagines that this will always be the case. Instead of hus? banding his forces, he wastes them. He is as extravagant with his health as an? other man may be with his money. He is living on his capital, and not on the returns from his investments. Men and women ought not to die as young as they do. Our science has taught us that the lower animals attain to a number of years five times as great as the number of years that bring them to ma? turity, barring, of course, accident and disease. Man reaches maturity at the age of 25. Five times 25?125. The natural life of man ought to be 125 years, according to physiological laws. Of course, he must live in a climate that does not offer too great a resistance.?Physi? cian in Boston Herald. ? The Rev. Geo. H. Thayer, of Bour? bon, Ind., say3: "Both myself and wife owe our lives to Shiloh's Consumption Cure." For sale by Hill Bros. ? The ideal wife gets out of bed, lights the fire and has the breakfast pre? pared before she calls the idle husband. ? Are you made miserable by Indi? gestion, Constipation, Dizziness, Loss of Appetite, Yellow Skin ? Shiloh's Vital izer is a positive cure. For sale by Hill Bros. ? The other day a colored man from "Ole Virginny" was on the witness stand and the judge asked him: "Do you know what an oath is?" "Yes, sab, when a man swears to a lie he's got to stick to it." ? Why will you cough when Shiloh's Cure will give immediate relief. Price 10 cts., 50 cts., and $1. 3 ? Many a homely, unattractive girl gets a husband on account of her par value. ? Shi.'oh's Catarrh Remedy?a posi? tive cure for Catarrh, Diphtheria and Canker-Mouth. y. 5 XXIII.- -NO. 43. takes^l All Sorts or Paragraphs. ?- Thero are more than 60,000 persons confined in penal institutions in the United States. ? The first English almanac was brought out in Trinity college, Cam? bridge, in 1347. ? Somehow it does not look well for a woman to wear gloves with sixteen but-, tons while the husband is obliged to pin his shirt at the wrists. ? Venus, the morning star, is brighter than it ever appeared to any man now living, and nearer the earth than it will be again for 340 years. ? A citizen of Eustis, Fla., is said to have a combination tree in his garden. It consists of a lemon, peach, pear, grape fruit, persimmon,* orange and guava, all', grafted on one stock and all,in bloom. *? "Yes, I am opposed to girls marryin' furrinners," said old Mrs. Sipes. - "Irtffflj just that opposed to it that if my girls * can't marry people of their own sex they needn't marry at all, and that's all about it." ? Dr. Agnew said that no man has lived to be 100 years eld since Biblical days, and that all such reports come from igoorance or mistakes. Out of twenty cases he investigated not one proved to be autbentac. ? When the blizzard struck Ludlow, Mass., it buried under tbe snow fonr tur? keys belonging to John Bay. They were dug out after being without food for eighteen days, and were not only alive, but apparently uninjured. ? The only woman lawyer in Georgia is Mrs. Hamilton Douglas, of Atlanta. She is a graduate of tbe law school of the University of Michigan, and when she graduated was complimented by Judge Cooley on her legal attainments. ? Near Lancaster, Pa., some friends , visited the family on the farm of Ephraim Hershey. One of the women went into the poultry yard to catch a fat chicken for dinner. A rooster attacked her, inflicting a deep wound on her hand with a spur. Lockjaw set in and the woman died. ? If we do not look out this will treeless country. Each year it takes' 500,000 acres of timber to supply crossties for our railroads. For all purposes the decrease of our timber area is over$$ 50,750,000 acres a year, an area cqn^Ho" that of Bhode Island every five days in f;he year. ? New York city ia greatly excited over a religious revival which has beenJSH going on there for some weeks. Fre-jji quently all night services are held. Bev.^B Mr. Harrison, the boy preacher, is injH charge. There ha3 been more than a thousand conversions, and the meetingsaH continue to grow more interesting. ? A girl in Manchester, England, telephoned to her father's office asking if her dog was there. Curley was thereJH find his mistress asked the man to boid'^H him up to the telephone. She wbl&tled^^ and spoke and told him to come home. Curley pricked up his ears, and as soon JH as he was placed od the floor started frrjH borne. ? B. C. Brohard, who lived nesr FlemiDgton, W. Va., has a lamb in hisiatt flock with one mouth, two noses, twojH separate se'.s of teeth and fonr eyes, all . fully developed and ready for use. It-is*" a great curiosity and bids fair to become as famous as the little lamb that Mary' had. Mr. Brohard not long ago bad a chicken hatched with four feet, two tails and several other appendages. ? A young lady created quite a sensa? tion in a small German town last week. She stood on tbe depot platform, satur? ated herself with kerosene and set her dress on fire. When a railway train came by tbe passengers were horified to see a pillar of flame on the platform. 'D-L?j__ hose was turned on the conflagration, and tbe spectators were astounded to hear a human voice asking irritably wj; they couldn't let her burn quietly. ? The following gold mines are operation in South Carolina: Haile mine Lancaster county; Dixie mine, Lane ter county; Glendale mine, Spartanbni county; Brewer mine, Chesterfield coun? ty. The capital invested in these mines' amounts to something over $300,000, about one hundred hands are employed and the value of the annual product is $100,000. The Haile Gold Mining Com? pany claims to have more capital invested and to be producing more gold at pres? ent than any gold mine in the South. ? A man named John Beal commit ed suicide a Waukon, ja., last week because a widow in that town refused to M marry him. Before doing so he said he ^ would return to earth and haunt the object of his affections. Since bis death tbe residence of tbe obdurate lady has been subjected to nightly visitations of a strange character. Unnatural lights are seen and weird sounds heard in tbe ma sion, and it is the general belief that1 ghost of the unhappy suicide is fulfilling its ante-mortem threat. The town is greatly excited over the matter. ? Mr. C. W. Wiecking, Jr., an old Charlestonian, but now a resident of Wal? halla, has received letters patent for a new car beater, which is bis invention and which be claims will do away with any future railroad holocausts. A de? scription of the new apparatus wonld i impossible in an ordinary newspar. paragraph, but it may be stated briefly to be a combination stove and reservoi which acts automatically and extinguish? es the fire in the stove in case of accident,' no matter whether the car upsets or becomes detached or uncoupled, thereby preventing accidents from fire, which, frequently are disastrous in their result ? Liberty Hill, Ga., a small station on the Northeast Railway, is the of a peculiar phenomenon. A well tbe premises of Miram Lee went dry jt after the earthquake of 1886 and had to be sunk eight feet deeper before tbe flow of water was resumed. A few days ago the family of Lee was much alarmed loud reports from the well, sounding' powder blasts or tbe firing of cannoi On Saturday night another detona?o was beard, and the water suddenly s like a geyser nearly to the top of well, with a rise and fall like the drav in and expelling of the breath in hi respiration. The water thus e boiling hot. People for miles around i flocking to the scene, and the scienti are much excited over it.