University of South Carolina Libraries
BY E. B. MTJBEA" TeJa?h^'Golumn, j ? J. G. CLINKSCALES, Editob. We are requested by the trustees of District No. 8 to.atate that the public schools will begin January 2,1888. Trustees Id District No. 10 request us to warn the teachers about filling their blanks out properly. Unless properly filled out they will not be approved. Who are teachers? That question is well answered by the Teachers' Institute. With pleasure we reprint the article, and hope that our teachers will read it carefully and derive from it Bome meat that wiH strengthen. ; The Bchools in Savannah Township, District No. 9 were closed by order of the trustees" last Friday. The trustees propose to keep them closed during one mouth on account of the fearfully bad condition of the houses. Miss Lucia Norria leaves very soon for Georgia. What a pity our teachers will ran off" occasionally to the other aide of the Savannah. We are glad to know that Miss Lucia's sister, Miss Dora, will take bar place at Bethany. ' , Miss Mamie Wickliffe, formerly a teacher here,, is now teaching in Georgia, and is well pleased with bet surround? ings. Miss Wickliffe left in her school room in this city several very good desks which she offers at very reasonable figures. Trustees needing desks would do well to look after them. Mr. 0. 0. Barriss,the principal of the Hunter's Spring school, is now in Florida. On account of his absence, the meeting of the Association will not be held until some time in January. As soon as prac? ticable the programme will be announced, and a general good time is anticipated. The . people in the neighborhood, of Hunter's Spring have given us a cordial invitation, and promise that so far as they are concerned, the meeting' shall not be wanting in interest. To-morrow many of you will close your schools until the beginning of the new year It is a good time now to look back over the past year aud see what you have done.' Or perhaps it would be well J for yon to examine and see what you have failed to do. Have you done the -very best-youcould? Are there no im? provements you can make ? Have you done all that can be done ? If you have, yon; better change your business. Let joar.ownjailnreabe your teachers. Let the year 1888 be marked by the best work of your life up to its close. . _? Every day adds to bur conviction that . the great need of our schools is better ? ieccners. We Have material, good mate 8 Hat, but it needs developing. In our conception of the idea of a Teachers' Library, we had in view the improve? ment of the quality , of our teachers. ?How long mast the work of warping human minds be carried on for the want . of trained teachers? 0, for a general waking up on this subject! 0, for the time when teaching shall become a profession, and-when men and women shall prepare themselves for that great work! There are difficulties in the way Sacif- making better teachers, but the work can be done. Our teachers need to read, to. study, to thini. Let our Teachers' Library be completed, aud let our teach . era get to work in real earnest. Every - day there are silent, but painful argu? ments in favor of more painstaking labor in the effort to build hnman character. The teacher, whether competent or in competent, is a character ? builder?he builds well, or he builds badly. How is it in our county. How is it in our village schools ? We have often had occasion to say that something more than a knowledge of' geography, arithmetic, grammar and history is necessary to make one a true teacher. We repeat that the teacher must be a student of I - human nature, he must know something of the material he would work, he must . have a correct idea of the real meaning of the word, e d u c a t e. WHO ATflg TEACHERS ? ? - <- - ? While sojourning in a pleasant village in the central part of New York State, I often heard the teacher of the school spoken of, and always in terms of respect. In fact, I became quite anxious to behold the person that had the power to win, he evidently had, the admiration of both young, and old. One evening I saw a gentleman at a street corner surrounded by a dozen boys, all eagerly talking. "And, Ob, Mr. C-, you should have been in the boat with us," said one: "Mr. C-," I said to myself, "why r -that is.the teacher I hear spoken of so ' mach." I paused, and introduced myself. He mmediately begged the boys to excuse him a moment. "You see," he said, "my young friends have been off on a stroll, aud they can? not wait to tell their adventures till morning." After a few moments of conversation, I went on my way, revolving in my mind, "What sort of a man can this be that the boys love him ?" I visited the school-house, aud found the building a very plain one, but it was filled with an earnest group of children. They scarcely noticed my entrance, so busy were they in the work before them. There was a busy hum ; a sense of en? joyment that was most agreeable, f The visit was often repeated, for the man and his work were an enigma. Most teachers I had seen were not agree? able men, they seemed to be cramped in thought; they made life disagreeable in school and out. This man bad a power in him that took hold of his pupils and lifted them on to higher levels of thought and action. Since then, I have thought of this subject a good deal and believe that only men of this stamp can bo teachers, others may be policemen or drill-masters, but only he who lifts bis pupils step by step to higher planes of thought, can really " . be termed teacher. And it is such that the world wants in the school rooms; such have indelible marks. r & co. Often men of this stamp, have a very limited stock of knowledge, and are kept away from the school-rooms that need them ; if circumstances would permit them to get the required stock they would be glad to teach. We have nour? ished the idea that the man of much knowledge was. the one who could do good service as a teacher. But this con? ception has proved a false one. Knowl? edge is needed by the teacher, for that is the means be will use to carry his pupils from one step to another. I have never known a successful teacher who was not more or less a stu? dent himself. The answer to the conun? drum proposed by an English peasant, "Why is a guide-post like a parson V well describes multitudes of teachers ? they point the way but do not travel it. There are, therefore, teachers and imita? tions of teachers. The reason so few remain as teachers is net so much on account of the poor pay as the feeling they have that, after all, they are not doing the fair thing by the pupils and by themselves. Thousands who are teachers would be -better ones if they knew how. They have a decent knowledge of the rudi? ments they are teaching, they keep order, they are thorough, and yet they know something is loft out. I have in mind a teacher who rose from one position to another because she kept such good order; she became principal of a primary school, and then, to the surprise of her friends, took a position as a stenogra? pher. "I was not satisfied," 8he ex-f plained: "the children seemed to go. home every day just as glad as they could be to get away from me." This is pathetic enough ; she was conscientious. All these things point out that educa* tion, its art, its principles, must be studied, over aod over; the teacher must study every spare moment until he touches bottom. He will discern at last there is a body of truth on which he can place his feet and feel that be is secure. Yes, the teacher must be a student; he must aim to know his own work; not necessarily more about history, or pen? manship, but more about education. Those then are teachers who study edu? cation and can employ appropriate means to elevate young humanity. The whole race is being elevated by means of teach? ing?not necessarily the teaching of the school-room. The elevation prepared by the teacher is specific, but it is elevation all the same. The Origin of Great Corporations. Machinery is now recognized as assen tial to- cheap production. -Nobody can produce effectively and economically without it, and what was formerly known as domestic manufacture is now almost obsolete. But machinery is one of the most extensive purchases and its use re? quires an amount of capital far beyond the ordinary individual to furnish. There are very few men in the world possessed of an amount of wealth sufficient to in? dividually construct and own an exten? sive line of railway or telegraph, a first class steamship, or a great.factory. It is also to be remembered that for carrying on production by the most modern aod effective methods, large capital is needed, not only for machinery, but also for purchasing and carrying of extensive Btocks of crude material and finished products. Sugar can now be, and gener? ally is refined at a profit of a.neighth of a cent a pound, and sometimes as .low as a sixteenth ; or in other words, from eight to -sixteen pounds - of raw sugar must now be treated in refining in order to make a cent; from.eight-hundred to sixteen hundred pounds to make a dollar, from eighty thousand to one hundred and sixty thousand pounds to make a hun? dred dollars, and so on. The mere capi? tal requisite for providing and carrying the raw material necessary for the suc? cessful prosecution of this business, apart from all other conditions, places it, therefore, of necessity, beyond the reach of an ordinary capitalist or pro? ducer. It has been before stated that in the manufacture of jewelry by machine? ry, one boy can make up nine thousand sleeve buttons per day; four girls, also, working by modern methods, can put together in the same time eight thousand collar buttons. But to run an establish? ment with Buch facilities the manufac? turer must keep constantly in stock thirty thousand dollars worth of cut ornamental stones, and a stock of cuff buttons that represents nine thousand different designs and patterns. Hence from Buch condi? tions have grown op great corporations of stock companies, which are only forms of associated capital organized for effec? tive use and protection. They are regarded to some extent as evils; but they are necessary, as there is apparently no other way in which tl e wcrL of pro? duction and distribution, in accordance with the requirements of the age, can be prosecuted. The rapidity, however, with which such combinations of capital are organizing for the purpose of promoting industrial aod commercial undertakings on a scale heretofore wholly unprecedent? ed, and the tendency they have crystalize into something far more complex than what has been familiar to the public as copoiations with the impressive names of syndicates, trusts, etc., also constitute one of the remakable features of modern business methods. Ad Escaped 11 vena Causes Trouble. Anniston, Ala., December 6.?Some weeks ago, during the visit of Sell Brothers' Circus here, a hyena escaped from its keepers and is now at large near this city, terrorizing the country people. A farmer who lives about five miles north of this city says that several even? ings ago, while a neighbor and his family were seated around the supper table, the animal rushed through the open door and bounded upon the table, creating a panic in the household. The beast has attacked many dogs and other animals. A large band of men went out to hunt it Saturday night, but it eluded them. ? The great tower of iron, a thousand feet high, which was to have been the feature of the next World's Fair at Paris, is to be abandoned. It was found impos? sible to induce workmen to build it. ? A man's best friends arc his Inn 6n gers. ART'S TRAVELS. HIB Recent Visit to Invintrton, Georgia. I had a call to Irwinton. I honored the call and it honored me, for those ore good people there. It is not so large a town as Chicago, but it has no anarchy, and everything looks calm and serene. It is one of those old-fashioned towns that is off the railroad, and they don't care if it is, so they have the courthouse and can hear the sheriff call twice a year. I like their "otium cum dig," though they don't dig alarmingly much. I like the open welcome of their store piazzas where the lawyers and doctors and preachers meet to discuss affairs, public and private, and tell anecdotes and whit? tle on soft pine and hold down the chairs that used to have split bottoms, but now have rawhide with all the hair worn off | except the suburbs. I like the slow and measured dignity with which tbe9e peo? ple come and go and'move about the town.-; There isnbbody tired when night comes. Nobody stoop- shouldered from overwork. Nobody's shoes worn out at the toes. When the merchant wants to go to dinner he can shut up aud go and lose no trade by it, for the kind-hearted customers will wait till he comes back. The lawyer can go fishing and the doctor attend to his farm. The jail door etands open all the year round and the sheriff | has a hungry look for lack of business. This must be the place where the poet lived when he wrote "Man wants little here below." There is neither fashion j nor folly here, but there is good, ..honest, old-jashioned society and good old fashioned schools and lots of children, all born in lawful wedlock and from whom may come preachers and judges and sen? ators, and maybe a governor or presi? dent?who knows? Georgia has never had a president and it will be her time before long. Great men move to cities, but they are not born and raised there. Cities breed shrewdness. The country and the tinpretendiDg towns give leisure for reflection, and in leisure there is wis? dom. There is one thing about Irwinton that is peculiar. A stranger can't slip up on the town in the night. I tried it. They wrote me to get off at lIcEntyres, and so I got off about midnight and looked around for light, but there was no light. expected a hack or a mail boy, or I thought there was a hotel with the lamp burning in the hall, but there was noth? ing but .darkness, utter darkness, and that darkness was cold, very cold. I saw a man moving off and hailed him. "Where is the hotel, my friend?" said I. "There ain't none about here," said he. "Where do folks etop who get off here?" said I. "They don't git off the night train," said he, "and if they do they take it afoot to- Irwin ton like I'm gwine to do," and ,he started off. "Hold on my friend,"" "said I, "don't somebody live about here ?" said he, "the depot agent lives away up yander on that bill, but he won't take anybody in?you needn't go there." "Has be got a biting dog ?" said I. "I think he has," said he, and away he went. I saw the shadowdy road and the dim outline of a house, and seiz? ing my grip sack, I started up the steep ascent, but not with alacrity; nor was I altogether calm and serene. I was thinking about that dog?a big yaller stump tail dog?and the nearer I got, the more I thought about that dog. I stop? ped and listened. Then I creeped cau? tiously towards the front gate and listened again. There was a tree close by ?a small tree with limbs low down, and I stood by that tree, for I felt like it was a friend. Soon I spied another tree a little nearer,- and I made for it with alacrity, and reconoilered again. I have not climbed a tree in ten years, but I felt like I hadn't lost the lick. I stood there waiting for that dog and wondering where he would bite me first, but he didn'c come nor make any canine sign. I kept my knife open as a last resort, and my heart beat up lively. I cleared my throat as an experiment, but still no dog. I was close to the footsteps, and they were high?high as a stair case, for the bouse had a basement. All of a sudden I said "hello"?not loud, but loud enough for a dog if there was one. I expected him to come bulging every moment bulging down those steps, or from under that house, and I kept fast hold of the' limb so as to. pull myself up in emergency ?but still there was no sound, no dog, and so with faith and desperation I made for the steps and ascended on tip toe and as I neared the door I said "hello" with great emphasis. I don't think I ever felt more relieved than I did just then to hear the welcome voice of a man saying, "What do you want and who are you ?" "I am Bill Arp," said I, "and I want to slay all night." I said it like I meant business and I did. I would have stayed if I had been ordered off with a shotgun. But I found, a kind welcome and a good bed, and my feelings beat thanksgiving day a long ways, for I don't like any such dogone business of a dark night whether the dog be gone or not. The morning brought light and a good breakfast and a friend from Irwinton who was expecting me on the morning traiu. Sandersville is a nice town, a lively prosperous town, an old town with a fresh new boom on. The people have beautiful homes and the front yards abound with flowers and evergreens. The stores are filled with goods, and fair women go io and out and spend their money free. It is a lovely sight to see a lovely woman go into a lovely dry goods store with a well filled purse. But when she is buying on her ' husband's credit and he is living on a strain it is not quite so lovely. Sandersville has railroads and can come aud go when she pleases. I think she is a little jealous of Tennille, but still they pa33 and repass. One has the courthouse and the other the great Central railroad, and so are pretty equally balanced. Sandersville boasts of her antiquity and the noble men who have lived and died there, and of some who still live. Uncle Evan Howell used to live there, and I met members of his artillery company who fought and bled with him in the frozen mountains of West Virginia and they confirmed the sufferings and perils of that awful cam? paign that I have so often heard Evan relate and was a little shaky about until now. "It must be so," said I, "it must be so, for out of tthe mouths of mauy DERSON, S.C., THX witnesses is the truth established." That solitary otter that they slipped up on , and killed on that ice-bound island when they had consumed their last ration and had eaten the strings out of their shoes, was really a fact?an otter?and saved their lives, and they otter be grateful to that otter; yes, they otter. It took a wonderful amount of alimentary to sur? vive that expedition, but they did, and there is some sand left yet. At Dublin I found court in session and a hotel full of drummers ind other guests. I never mingled with r, livelier set. They told yarns and snapped lies and exchanged wit uutil near midnight. One of the guests was artificially hilari? ous and sarcastic, and asked a Hebrew drummer what business he wasarunnin'. "My frent," said he, "I am rle sheneral agent for de great North America Epi? taph and Burial association. I am can? vassing dis country for members and vill take anybody who is liable to die some time or udder. Ven a man shoins our komp'ny his pones vill not pleach upon de hills nor moulder in the valleys. Our "komp'ny perries all dere dead and writes dere epitaphs. Ve keeps epitaphs on hand ehoost like ve keeps coffins. Ven you die we perry you low in de ground vere de dogs cannot scrach you up nor de doctors exhume you for a skeleton. If A. T. Stuart had pelong to our kompany it would have save bis wife twenty-five thousand dollars. No madder vere you die?vedder on deShimborazo mountains or in de dark valley of Jehoeaphat ve perry you. And den we writes such poo tiful epitaphs dat make you feel as goot after you pe dead. I hav known men to read over our list of epitaphs and den go off and commit suicide shoost to get one of dem on dere tombstone. Say, my frent, shall I put your name down ? it is only one dollar." The next morning the hilarious gentle? man came down to breakfast with the nsual reaction. His subdued appearance excited the drummer's profouudest sym? pathy. "Goot morning, my front," said be, "you does not seem so veil dis morn? ing as you vas last night. It is de vet wedder I tink. Dis is a very vet town and de dampness does not agree wit you. Ven you voke up dis morning vas de room going round and round ?" The victim smiled a sickly smile and nodded apseut. "Veil, my frent," said the drummer, "dat vas all imagination? de room vas not going round and round at all?dis house is solid?very solid. I vas vet myself one time and knowshoost how it is, and bo I tell you it vas not go? ing round and round. Vas you ever so vet before like you vas last night ?" The kind, loving sympathy of the drummer was irresistible. It was impos? sible to smother our risibles, but the poor victim couldn't stand it. He left the room for some fresh air or some more wet and we lost him.. This same drum? mer managed somehow to offend a man about town, and the man swore be was going to v.hip him. He approached with hostile demonstrations, but the drummer stepped back and cautioned him in supplicating tones, and laying his hand upon his heart, said: "My frent, you should not strike me. Bevare how you excite me. I have heart dis? ease very pad and am liable to drop down dead any moment if you excite me. My physician tell me dot de slightest shock to my system will make me to fall down dead, and den you feel so pad, so very pad about dot?eh,?" This plea, and his agonizing look, so alarmed the man that he refrained and took his satisfaction in language. Last year, this drummer was indicted for indulging in a pleasant little game of poker in his room at the hotel. He went home and wrote the solicitor one of the most touching and pathetic letters that ever was penned. He plead for mercy and forgivenes?, for the sake of his dear little darling wife?the trusting, inno? cent, angel who would be utterly heart? broken, were she to hear of hi3 misfor? tune. The solicitor said he never read a more affecting letter, and so he wrote him back some kind words and good advice, and lots of sympathy and told him to Ecnd ten dollars and the case should be stricken, part for the sake of that little angel wife. Of course he sent the money, and the case was dismissed, and not long after the solicitor learned that he did not have any wife at all nor ever had. "Ab, he is smart," said he, "and as clever as he is smart. Every? body in this country knows him and everybody likes him." Well, Dublin is a pretty wet town, but it is a good town for business, and is growing rapidly. It is the terminus of the Wrigbtville and Dublin railroad?a new road that is doing wonders for that region. Bill Abt. A Jiuison Weed Remedy. Be very careful, writes E. E. Mc, of Louisiana, to the Cultivator farmers, how you destroy weeds and other socalled pests. To show you bow careful you ought to be, I will give you an idea of 'the virtues of a common weed, which, until last week, I thought an unmitigated nuisance. The weed is no other than the common jimson weed (Jamestown). "Nothing can be given a horse that will so speedily regulate and allay all urinary obstructions and imfjammation as this seed. The seed are a powerful alterative, They arc cathartic, diaphoretic aud diure? tic. They act upon the stomach and bowels, producing a healthy condition of those organs. The seed should be gath? ered in October and November (I should say gather the seed in Septemberjunt as the seed pods burst) and laid up for future use. For a dose one to two ounces or table spoonfuls every second or third day, according to severity of case, until four doses have been given. After a lapse of a few days repeat. In extreme cases a dose may be giveu every day. This remedy is unsurpassed in cases of big head, glanders, farcy, distemper, hide? bound, stifT-complaint and chronic foun? der. Dr. Stewart rightly calls these seed "the great horse medicine." An old darkey told me that that the leaves of this weed would cure any case of sore back. Whether this is so or not, I cannot say, but we have the word of a veterinary surgeon for tho seed.?Atlanta, Ca., Southern Cultivator. FRSDAY MORNING, FARMING THAT PAYS. A Description of lue Methods of an Oco nce Farmer who Makes Money. [From the Kcowce Courier.] We had a short talk last week with Mr. L. Brandt about his plan of farming and expect to look over his farm during the ensuing year. He owns about 113 acres of land near Walhalla, which originally coat two dollars per acre. It is ridge, gray land of little native fertil? ity, with less than one acre of Htrips of branch bottom on it. He claims to have in cultivation about 20 acres, originally so poor that neighbors used to say he could not make a living on the land. Since the war he ha3 built a good house, barn and other out-buildings on it, and brought up the open land to a high state of fertility. On this poor land he start? ed and tells us he has raised a family of thirteen children. Besides his buildings and improving the land, he has a good personal property arouud him and is out of debt. He grows his own corn, meat, flour, molasses, tobacco, rice, &c, and generally a surplus of these, and always has his cotton crop clear of supplies. He told us that with his large family he had never been re? quired to call in the services of a physi? cian. This is the experience of a man living in one mile of Walhalla, on a high, dry, naturally unproductive ridge, starting at the ground, bringing up a large family and accumulating property. It is an experiment in intensive diversi? fied farming on a medium scale, which could be extended in proportion to the capital put in. Will farming pay in this country ? Is it the fault of soil or climate or flood or drought or other providential disasters that cuts off our crops and leaves so many farmers in debt at the end of the year? Or is it largely due to want of energy, judgment and constant applica? tion to the needs of the farm ? We were struck with one remark of Mr. Brandt's: "With me time i3 money, and I cannot tell a day or hour when I could not find something to do and which ought to be done about the farm." This doubtless is the key to his success, as it is to success in every calling in life. Liberal manuring is the chief element of success. He tells us he plants no crop without manuring it. This he makes all the year in leisure moments by gathering up woods earth, Iraf mould, rotten logs and littering stalls and pens, as often as necessary. He says he does not use guano as a rule, but has used at times 100 pounds of acid to the acre on vegetable matter. No one but thoae who have tried it can tell how much manure can be made in the days and hours gen? erally lost by farmers. We are satisfied one hand, in favorable localities in woods convenient to a field, could, by using five bushels of lime a day, average penning, fifteen two horse loads. Of course it is not as good as stable manure, but would it not pay and be cheaper and more lasting than commercial fertilizers ? Tenants may say this is work for the landlord without pay, but we are satisfied landlords will always contribute a fair portion of the expense, and the tenant, if a good one, can arrange to remain on the land if he wishes and enjoy the ben? efits of better land from year to year. In the fall and winter, tenants on farms find themselves unable to hire and if they would arrange with landlords to make manure on fair terms, they would get pay for idle time, part in money and part in the saving of the cost of fertil? izers. All parties would be benefited, and a continuous tenant would be doubly benefited by an annually increased yield from the same land with less labor. We would like to hear from experiments in this line by individuals and landlords. In the matter of planting cotton Mr. Brandt says he lays off his rows four feet wide and {bins to one stalk about two feet in the drill. Persons who have observed the fruit on stalks in skipped places and compared them with stalks where they call it a good stand will see the importance of distance in cotton as well as in corn. When cotton land is washed, too, they can see a perfect net? work of roots, feeders to the plant, extending clear across rows, showing the value of distance, not only in letting the sun in, but in furnishing nutriment to the plant, preventing shedding and develop? ing large, healthy bolls. As to the time and manner of laying off the ground, he says he runs it off with a shovel plough in February (run? ning twice in same furrow if he has time) and then runs a bull tongue as deep as he can after the shovel. The3e furrows, opened deep, are left open, subject to rains and atmospheric action, till time to put in the manure. A fresh furrow is then run, the manure put in, two furrows thrown on it and then bedded. The after cultivation is shallow. The deep plant furrow, he claims, not only renders the manure most available in the fruiting season, but the tap rooting striking down is a protection against drought and shed? ding. His plan commends itself to common sense and his success in the cultivation of cotton should lead to its general trial. The Latins, in the palmy days of Rome, held the maxim, "experience is the best teacher." It is a3 true now as then, but its truth in no way derogates from the value of scientific education. Successful experiments are the results of scientific knowledge applied in practice. Without science the road to success in auy pursuit is steeper, rougher and more difficult, but time and perseverance know no failure. In corn planting, Mr. Brandt tells us, he runs the rows four and a half to five feet wide, and, as a rule, thins to one stalk in a hill every three feet. Even thus planted ho always manures. We are satisfied that our greatest defect in corn growing i9 due to want of distance. If we recollect rightly, the average yield per acre of corn in this State has been under 10 bushels for years, and, we believe as low as 8* some years. This, notwithstanding all our lowlands are planted in corn, and, in case of parties having no lowlands, a part of their best uplands. Under the rule of four and a half by three feet, what should be the yiold, counting 100 ears to the bu3hel ? With good distance this is less than 100 ears would make, though under our system DECEMBER 22, 185 200 or more are often required to the busnel. Roughly, we would have 40 rows on an aero with G9 stalks to the row. This would give us 3,174 ears to the acre or 31.j bushels of corn. Take off 10 ears to the row for skips and bar? ren stalks, 460 ears, and we should have 27 bushels to the acre. We doubt if the lowlands in this county average above 15 bushels to the acre. It takes from four to ten nubbins to make a good ear in quantity and then tue quality is infe? rior. The want of distance is, in our opinion, the leak. We told a tenant of ours in the spring, too late to remedy the evil, he would lose from 50 to 75 bushels of corn by having planted too close. By reason of the dry July we are satisfied the loss was 100 bushels. Distance is a great help in drought. The best evidence of loss from want of distance in corn is furnished by a close inspection of our cribs. Put two hundred bushels of corn in a crib unas? sorted, and though grown on fair average land, you will Had the number of ears, so called, should have measured out three, four or five hundred bushels, dependent on the land and distance giren the plant. The counting process would be tedious, but, in measuring, three or five tubs could be counted at a venture and the average taken. In the matter of wheat Mr. Brandt sows the bearded variety, using three pecks to the acre on manured land. In this way he made 77 bushels of wheat from four acres, then planting it in corn and peas made from same land 75 bush? els of corn and 24* bushels of peas, besides fodder, shucks, &c. As we stated last week he made 3,000 pounds of lint cotton from seven acres, worth $270, using no guano, and giving under the rule of one-third $90 for rent of seven acres, or $13 an acre per year from land which cost $2 per acre. The experience of such a man is worth reading and thinking about, and as he lives so near us, we propose, by his invi? tation, to see his crop and mode of cul? ture next ypar. In fattening hogs he says he keeps them well bedded, chang? ing the litter often and feeds them in a clean trough. He has been successful in Ibis line too, as also in the growth of smaller crops of rice, sorghum, tobacco, &c, needed in a family and costing a good deal when bought from stores. Lee and Jackson. Corlelon M'Carthy in the Richmond Critic. The day before Jackson's column started on the great movement against the right of Hooker's army at Chancel lorsville, General Lee invited Colonel T. M. R. Talcott, of the engineers, to come to his quarters and tp bo present at an interview which he had arranged to have with General Jackson that evening. At the appointed hour Colonel Talcott reported to General Lee and was politely requested to be seated, General Lee remarked: "I am expecting General Jackson, and I sent for you that you might hear what passes between us." General Lee was seated at a table upon which was spread a map of the field operations. He paid no attention to the colonel, who was the only other person present, but intently studied the map. With his finger he located point after point, and carefully traced the roads and streams. The colonel silently and wonderingly waited. Suddenly the massive figure of Jack? son parted the tent and he stood inside. Then there were three present; two to act and one to record. Jackson saluted and uttered the single word, "General!" General Lee, intent upon the problem of the map, did not appear to notice the arrival of his great "right arm" until he heard hi3 voice. When Jackson spoke General Lee raised his eyes from the map and, looking intently at Jackson, without a salute or even a "good even? ing," commenced talking with great energy and rapidity : "General Jackson, I have sent for you in order that I might have the benefit of your advice and assistance. You are familiar with the present state of affairs, and I want your opinion as to what is the best that can be done under the present circumstances." General Jackson straightened himself and replied: "I have no suggestions to make, sir." This reply seemed to excite, almost annoy, General Lee, and be at once insisted that Jackson should express some opinion. As if to encourage him, he went over the situation, traced the roads with his finger, located his own troops and those of the enemy, enlarged on the great danger menacing his army, told Jackson he had sent for him espe? cially to have his views, and then looking wistfully at him, paused for his reply. Again Jackson rose to his full height, and again he said quietly and firmly: "I have no suggestions to make, sir!" General Lee then rapidly stated his determination to attack, and traciug the route and the points on the map with his finger, laid before Jackson every detail of the movement. As he rapidly exposed the plan his voice and counte? nance expressed enormous energy and suppressed enthusiasm. Jackson, still standing, absorbed every word, and as the plan was developed before him by the man ho was "willing to follow blindfolded," seemed transfig? ured. As General Lee proceeded he became more and more erect. His face flushed and his eyes fairly glittered with excitement. General Lee concluded by telling him exactly what troops he should take, at what hour he should march, by what point; how he should form line of battle with his right here and his left there and fronting so, and attack! Jackson smiled, touched his cap, said : "I march at four iu the morning," turned on his heel and vanished. General Lee then turned quietly to tho colonel of engineers and said : "Colonel Talcott, you will please ride with Gen? eral Jackson in the morning and conduct his column past my left." "Very well, sir," said the colonel, and then saluting, he departed, and Lee was alone with the awful responsibility. Who could paint the solitude of that great heart when this great deed was done ; and who would not rather be Jackson riding in a storm of wild hurrah to quick death and glorious 37. victory, than Lee, the calm burden bearer and hero of responsibility, who bravely said: "It is nil my fault," and died. Cbancellorsvilie, the most daring and successful battle, cousidering the odds, ever fought on this continent, was plan? ned and ordered by the man of whom critics have said : "He was cautious and slow." Let this he witness against them. Do Chu'eh an' Pohibition. "Well, bre'r Edoro, what you think 'bout all dis hcer pohibition 'lection up yander to Atlanty," asked bre'r Thusalch, as he "dropped iu at aunt Beady's last Saturday night to talk over the news of the week, "an' de miuistures er de gospil tekin part in't lack dey seh dey done?" "I doau wanter heer 'bout no sech," answered uncle Edora emphatically. "Ministers er de gospil ain' got no call to be mixiu' deyselves up wid politics; dere business wid religion." "But ain't it do part er religion to keep folks fum gittin' drunk?" asked bre'r Thusaleh, always ready to break a theo? logical lance with his Baptist rival. "Yeh, but de pint is?in fac', you see, dar is a diffunce," said uncle Edom, a little staggered by this thrust. "Jes' to preach agin folks gittin' drunk ingener'l, dat's religion, but when it come to votin' agin it, votin's politics, au' de chu'eh ain' got nothin' to do wid it; kinsequont ly, when a ministure preach agin' drink in', fum de pulpit, dat's religion au' hit's all right, but when it come to tellin' folks to vote agin it, dat's politics, an' hit's all wrong?leastways, dat's myon'er3tannin' er what de newspapers seh, an' newspa? pers gits powerful religious, you know, when dey on'ertakes to tell preachers what dey oughter do." "Den I spo3en you wouldn't 'a' voted atall, ef you'd ben in Atlanty las' Sad day?" "Yeh, eh yeh! in case I'd a voted, 'caze I'm agin pohibition, an' dat am' politics ?it's only dem what teks sides fur pohi? bition dat is meddlin' wid politics. Ain' you read de ne~spapers? Wherever a minister er de gospil come out agin pohi? bition, de papers all seh he's a good man ; he's ten'nin' lo.his own business; be ain' mixiu' hisse'f up wid politics. Hit's only dem what comes out fur pohibition, lack Misser Sam Jc ?s an' Dr. Haw? thorne, as is meddlin' wid what doan concern 'em, an' bringin' de chu'eh into politics. Dat what mek I seh I'd a voted ef I'd a ben in Atlanty, 'caze, m t bein' pohibition, I wouldn't a been in terrogatin' fum de indignity uf a minister er de gos? pil, but ef you was a pohibilioner, in case you oughtn't to a voted, nur to seh noth? in', 'caze you car.T talk fur pohibition, 'dout tekin' part in politics." "I?I doan see de diffunce," said bre'r Thusaleh, scratching bis head. "But dar is a diffunce," insisted uncle Edom, " 'caze de antises ain't a aim in' to change ncthin'. Dey jes' wants to let folks go long an' do lack dey's all'us ben a doin', but de pohibitioners, dey waLts to go to meddlin' wid de ebu'eb's busi? ness,?fur ef dey goes an' puts a stop to men gettin' drunk, by votin' dat dar shan't be no mo' liquor, dar woan' be no 'cassion Ief fur de chu'eh to preach agin it, an' what's a gwinter become er de chu'eh ef dar ain' no mo' sinners to be convarted? Answer me dat!" "Well, but it 'pear to me," said bre'r Thusaleh, meekly, "lack it oughter be jes' cz much a pusson's duty to vote agin sin ez to preach agin it, an' ef you seh de pohibitioners is meddlin' wid de chu'eh's business, why den it look to me lack de chu'eh am jes' only 'tennin' to its own business when it vote fur pohibi? tion." "You doan on'erstau' de pint," said uncle Edom, bringing the bowl of bis pipe down on the table with an emphatic rap. "Ain't I jes' tole you dat votin' was politics, an' de chu'eh didn't have no call to be meddlin' wid politics ! 'Taint no use a talkin' wid you, ef you can't on'er stan' atter Pa done 'splained it so clar." A grunt of approval went round the circle, and bre'r Thusaleh, after being thus unanimously sat down upon, did not venture another observation. The company sat puffing their pipes awhiie in silence, and then bre'r Jerry remarked: "I ain' no pohibitioncr rayse'f, but I mus' 'low dat all dese heer 'lections has done a beep er good to de cullud people by settin' de while folks agin one an? other. Long ez de white folks all vote de same way, lack dey does fur president an' sech, dey doau set no sto' by dc cul? lud vote, 'caze dey knows dey kin 'lect who dey pleases 'dout it; but when dey's agin ono another, lack dey is about pohi? bition, den de cullud man kin step in lack de fox in de dog fight an' run off wid de bone." "Dat's so, bre'r Jerry, dat's so," said uncle Edom with a chuckle, "an' it mek a man's vote wuth sumpen, too, hit do. Dem antises has got a powerful sight er money, an' doy is gemplemen, dey is, an' doan mine givin' a good price fur a vote. Now, dat's what I lacks to see, I does, fur what's de use er bavin' a vote ef you can't git nothin' fur it? An' Lord, the vittles deoi pohibition lidics does serve out to dere side ! Ef a pusson could jes' tek a big straddle lack de Atlanty Consitoo tion, and keep on bofe sides at onst, be could have a good time, sho! But dat pohibition fence am a mighty high one, an' dar ain' no body got long enough legs to git on bofe sides uf it at onst, but de Atlanty Consitootion. Hit's a pity de 'lections comes only onst uf a two years; ef dey corned onst a montb, a pusson could a'most suppote his fam'bly 'dout uver doin' a lick er work, ceppins jes' only votin'. He could tek his vote to de antises an' git his money fur it an' den tek his fambly to de pohibitioner tables au' git 'em all fed fur nothin'. De law oughter be changed so az to have a pohi tion 'lection ev'y two weeks, stidder cv'y two ye&rs."?Sunny South. ? The woman who edits the Douglass ville Industrial says she has had sixty four offers of marriage since the first issue of her paper, and adds: "But the plain, naked truth is that a few years since I actually met a crank face to face who had the courage to vocalize his offering. I at first positively refused, directly relent? ed, shortly acquiesced. The fact is, I am married and have thrro youthful daugh? ters and a husbaud." VOLTJMI A SUCCESSFUL RAID. Four Extensiv? Distilleries Seized In One Day. Atlanta Constitution Dec. 14. The moat daring and successful revenue raid ever accomplished in the south since the service was established, occured last Sunday in Pickens county. The raid was made by Colonel I. W. Alexander, one of the most intrepid offi? cers in the department, issisted by Deputy Stephens. Colonel Alexander received intimation as long ago a? last August that the Pettit brothers, Moss and Turner, four notorious moonshiners, were operating an extensive illicit distillery somewhere in the neigh? borhood of Jasper, in Pickens county. The revenue men followed up all clues and trails but would in the end find themselves at fault. If there were any stills in th<;t part of the country they were ingeniously concealed, for the most persistant and vigilant endeavors of the deputies failed to discover them. Col? onel Alexendcr was not discouraged, however, and he resolved that he would yet ferret out the moonshiners and cap? ture their still. Last week he received certain information that caused him to locate the long-looked for distillery about five miles to the west of Jasper. Accord? ingly he pressed into service Deputy Stevens, one of his most trusty men, and prepared to make the raid. Saturday night found him in the woods adjoining the plantation on which he felt sure the still was hidden. He aud bis man laid quit until shortly before daybreak Sunday, when they stealthily crept toward a hole into which they had described several figures entering, and they listened. Sup? pressed voices could be distinctly heard below. Evidently the officers were on the right track. They did not remain inactive long. Their time bad come and they lowered themselves intojthe opening. Their approach was observed by some of the workmen, who gave the alarm and the moonshiners scampered?away, mak? ing their exit from^he other side of the distillery. One of them was followed several hundred yards, but escaped in the darkness. As soon as it was light enough to admit of a search being made Colonel Alexander and his companion thorough? ly explored the subterranean distillery. It was a very extensive concern. There was an excavation about thirty feet sqare. In it a one hundred gallon still was in operation. A large quanty of mash and beer was found, but no whisky could be discovered. It was subsequenly learned that the men had carried off, the night before, several hundred gallons of liquor. The distillery was fully equipped for turning out twenty gallons of whisky a day. The raiders were puzzled (o under? stand bow the distillery could have been run without water. It is well understood, among all who arc familiar with the business, that distilleries are always near water. This site being far removed from any water course is the reason, perhaps, why the officers never before suspected its existence. A close examination of the cavern revealed the secret. From the sides of a muddy log water was drip? ping. The earth was brushed aside and the conduct was found to be hollow trees joined together. These wooden pipes run a distance of not less than 200 yards. The way in which they were connected showed considerable ingenuity. Indeed, the interior arrangements all denoted the well known cunning of the monshincr. All that was valuable about the still was saved, but all else was destroyed. After leaving this underground distil? lery the raiders became satisfied that they could find another near by. After some little time and trouble they struck a fresh trail and followed it successfully to the end. Only a quarter of a mile away they seized another underground distillery, nearly as extensive as the other. This was similarly arranged and was found to have a capacity for a daily output of 15 gallons. A large quantity of masb and beer was found. This was destroyed and the copper still was save. No arrests were made, the owner and his men hav? ing beat a retreat upon the raiders' ap? proach. About four hundred yards from this place another distillery was seized. This, too, was hidden under the ground. The ground over it was cultivated, and the entrance arjd exits were cunningly con? cealed from view. The interior arrange? ments were like those described. To the amazement of the officers another subterraen whisky manufactory was run upon. This was about as large as the first. Ju3t before the officers' approach the workmen had been busy, but noue of them were captured. A good deal of material was here destroyed. These four extensive distilleries were situated in a radius of one mile.- They have been in operation for four or five years. Their seizure is regarded by Col? lector Crensbaw as a most important achievement. Since they started to the present lime they must have made ten thousand gallons of wlr'sky. Collector CreDshaw has exercised rare discretion in selecting his deputies, who are men of nerve and judgment. They are men who never bring discredit upon the service. Colonel Alexander, who planned and executed this raid, regarded as one of the most fearless men in the State. The ad? ventured through which he has passed would make an interesting and thrilling book if properly told. An Unhappy Editor. Hammond, Ind., Dec. 10.?A number of young women of this place claim to have been slandered by Editor Towle, of the Echo, of this place. The girls replied in kind, publishing an article in another paper scoring the editor. Yes? terday seven of the girls met Towle in the street, and, throwing red pepper in his face, three attacked him with cow bides. The editor begged for mercy and then threatened to shoot, but the girls only plied the whips faster. Towle finally escaped. ? Lawyers are well dressed because they have more suits to try than other men. ? One of the most effectual ways of pleasing and of making one's self loved is to be cheerful: joy softens ninrehoirfs than tears. 5 XXIII?NO. 24. The Director's Warning. "You know my darter Nancy is an uncommon smart gal;she lakes to laruiu' a3 natural as a goslin' takes to water, and she can get her lessons faster than I C2n chaw terbacker. I've been sendin' her to the new teacher we hired Ia3t term, and she was larnin' somo new-fangled notions that's never been taught iu those parts afore. One night she was a tellin' me that the teachc- had been explainin' to her that the sun neither rose nor set. Then I thought it was time for me to go down to the school house "and find out about it. So the next mornin' I weut down afore school took up, and found the teacher standing' in the door. Says I, *How-de ye do?' He was very polite and invited me into the school house. So I went in; but when I thought about what he had been teachin' it riled me up. So, says I, 'Mr. M. Quillister, we've employed you to lam our youug'uns, haint we?' He said that he would consent to that propo? sition. 'Well," says I, 'what's all this rigmarole about 'strouomy and stuff , about the sun not risin' nor setlin'; about the yearth turnin' upside down every day,* and 'sich like , infidel stuff you're puttin' in the heads of your schol? ars?' Then says he,'Come to the black? board/and I'll draw.you a* diaphragm of the solar cistern, 60 you can readily understand it.' So he drawed a big, round mark and put some dots inside of it, and a great big white spot in the mid? dle of'em. 'Now', says he, 'the eun is ninety-five millions of miles from the yearth, and -' 'Stop,' says I, 'how do you know that? Who's been tbar to measure it? What surveyor ever drug bis.".chain over that route, I'd like to know ? 'Tain't so; and it's a whoppin' big humbug, says I Says he," 'It's universally believed by eddycated people and scientificers have proved it.' 'Says I, 'They don't know nuthin' nbout it; not a bit more nor I do, and they've been no cluster to the sun ?i^lJicrr^ti^o^&teT, sense and Scripter to aay that the "Bon don't rise and set, for thar's a tex' which m&yhe__ you've seed if you ever read the Bible, which I can't scarcely believe you ever did, that says, "from the risin' of the sun to the goin' down thereof." And see here, young man, if you can't teach the children something belter than sich talk and infidel doctrine, you might as well look out for another settlement where they hain't got no churches nor never read the Bible.' He said he would not quarrel with me, as different men held . different views, and he wanted to do what was right if he knew it. He asked me to stay awhile and hear the children recite, so I took a cheer, and sot down and I^heerd and seed a great deal that I didn't like, by no manner of y means. I found.that he was tryin' to . larn Nancy things entirely out the line of eddycation; and, as I think, highly unproper. Fust, I heerd one class say their lesson. They was a-spellin', and I thought, spelled quite exceeding. Then come Nancy's turn to say her lesson. She said it very spiv, but I was shockt, and determined that she should leave that school. I have heerd that grammar was an uncomraon"fine study, but I don't want no more grammar around my house. The lesson that Nancy said was nuthin' but the foolishest kind of talk, the ridiclest luv talk you ever seed. She got up and the fuat word that she said was, 'I luv!' I look right hard at her j for doin' so unproper, but she went right on and said "Thou lovest, he loves!" love, love and nothin' but love. She said one time, 'I did love.' Says I, 'who did you love?' Then the scholars laughed, but 1 wasn't to be put off, and I | says, 'Who did you love, Nancy? I want I to know; who did you love?' The school- ?'< master, Mr. McQuillislerTliiterfercd^and said he would explain when Nancynn^j ished her lesson. I This sorter pacified me, and Nancy J went on with her awful love talk. It got I wuss and wuss every minute. Bimeby 1 she said, 'I might, could, would or should I love.' I slopped aud said I reckoned I'd t see about that and told her to walk out of that house. The schoolmaster tried to interfere, but I wouldn't let him say a word. He said I was a fool, and I knockt him down and made him holler in short order. I talked the straight thing to him; I told him I'd show him how he'd larn my darter grammar. I got the nabers together and wc sent Mr. McQuillisler off in a hurry, and I recon thar'l be no more grammer teachin' in these parts soon. If you know any rather oldish man in your region that don't teach grammar we would be glad if you'd send him up. But in the future we'll be keerful bow we employ men Young schoolmasters won't do, especially them that teaches grammar.. It's a bad thing for morils." Down on the Theatre. At the meeting of the South Carolina Methodist Conference at SpartaDburg, on Monday, the following resolutions were adopted declaring the position of the Methodist Church in regard to "worldly amusements": Resolved, 1. That the attitude of the Conference is in harmony with tho views so often expressed by the chief pastors of our church;in their pastoral addresses, that an attendance upon the theatre ox circus, or any professional or amateur dramatic or impersonating exhibition, is inconsistent with the obligations of a Christian profession to "renounce the! world, the flesh and the devil." B 2. That we have been greatly gratified at the action of the official board cfl McKendree church, Nashville, Tennflj in pledging their support to the ministrjH in maintaining our old landmarks on the* subject. I 3. That we appeal to the laity ofthel church in our conference to prove their* loyalty to pure and spiritual religion byS discouraging in every way such dramatic* exhibitions. J 4. That we will discountenance and* discourage a resort to all questionabldH modes of raising money for church pur-* poses by other means than a straightfor-B ward and honest appeal to the sense of 1 religious obligation. 1 5. That we regard card playing, throw J ing of dice, attendance on balls and horse* racing as prohibited by the rules of ooj church, and we will endearor with uH kindness, but firmness, to root out pcctB evils where they may be found. H