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-' BT E. B. MUR TljA?H^'?oWMN, J. G. CLDfKSCALES, Editor. Again we urge upon the teachers the importance of engaging board before going to Wfllisfflston. Places are being taken rapidly?don't put off this matter. Last week we published a committe to Whonryou may write about board. For the convenience of the teachers we re publish it: Committee on boarding places?T. M. Mahdri, W. T. Lander, G. W. Sallivan, Mist Lila Frinee and Lona Epfcing. Write to any membsrof this commit? tee and you can get all the information you want We ore pained to bear that it will be impossible for Mr. D. H. Bnssell to at? tend, the Institute. What's the matter? "His patrons want him to commence school on the very morning the Institute begins." . Well, I?well, but-well, Tm like the boy. the calf ran over. That geta-Rway with me. If there is any com? munity in the county that I have always thought I could "bank on," it is Town ville. Some of the clearest headed peo? ple in the county are to be found there. How?but I don't understand it. I'll just write to Mr. Erssell and find out whether it is true that his own patrons are determined to cut off his supply of 1 Hgbt, the source of his inspiration. If 1 that is true, then Townville is bent on giving herself the "black eye." H?TTS 703 TEAPHEB3 ATTENDING NOR MAL SCHOOLS. Just as we were about to make some aggestions to the teachers relative to the importance of preparing themselves for-getting all possible good from the Institute to be held at Williaiuston, our eyes fell upon the following article which expresses our thoughts much more clear? ly and strongly than we could hope to do it. It is-taken from The School Teacher, a bright educational journal published at WinstonyN.C: "Every year numbers of our teachers attend the various Normal Schools and Teachers' institutes of our State, and, at the close of the term these teachers go to their homes and to their schools with an undefined feeling that they have been guilty of squandering both time and money; and nine times out of ten such teachers have done both; for s jumble of notes, a'hazy recollection of eloquent lectures and addresses, and a lightened vurss. are all the substantial benefits (?) ..'derived from a month's sojourn at a School for Teachers, though the school may have been excellent and unsurpassed for good opportunities for improvement on the part of teachers. ."Evidently there ia something wrong when a teacher leaves an educational meeting without feeling stronger in every way than before he went; and that many have felt just as X have indicated I have no reason to doubt; hence, in this article, I hope to show, briefly, how teachers may derive greater benefit from our Normal Schools by a systematic following of the work presented. "In the first place, then, it is necessary that the teacher should decide definitely before hand why he attends a Normal School ,* then,, what course of instruction he shall take. And just here i* a vital v point?teach era try to take all the courses presented, and fail as they might have expected, if they had stopped to think a moment Having determined upon what subject he most needs assistance, what methods he wishes specially to see ap? plied, let the teacher look sharply to his outline and follow'it rigidly to the end. "Since" all the Normal Instruction is i mainly of (he 'pouring in process/ as Page and Abbott have so aptly styled it, the teacher most be extremely cautious that he does-hot allow himself to be "filled np to the brim' with 'bilge-water.' A nice sense of discrimination must obtain or tie 'passive recipient' will be totally swamped with methods . and theories which are wholly worthless to him, unless he can properly receive and assimilate them. Be a slave to no man's theory or method simply because that man has a great reputation. Be sure that': whatever may- be presented if it doss not appeal to your idea of the fitness - of things, that much is worthless to you, however valuable it may be to others. "There is one thing that I have . noticed among teachers at Normal Schools, and that is a lack of proper 'Note Books.' We find all" sorts and sizes of note books, from the back of an envelope to the 'Daily Journal' of : j the* merchant ; and teachers 'scribble down;any awl every thiog from jottings on *How-ia Prevent Boys from Whisper : ing,' to notes on The Plan of Salva? tion! by an eloquent divine. Now, notes kept in ibis-way are w'oraetban worthless .?Ibey are vexatious. "A proper note book should be a folio of about 200 pages, 8x10 inches. Index the book after the manner of a book? keeper's Ledger, allotting to each subject of importance ten or twelve pages. For * instance, under 'A,' we would write, - ?Arithmetic;' pp. 1?15; and let every jj note concerning the Subject of arithme? tic, primary or advanced, be placed on these pages. And so on with any other i subjects. Under 'Miscellaneous' we L would make not of anything out of the ? regular course, e. g.,. peculiar expres . sions, references to books, criticisms on lectures, comments on the presentation of any topic io the course, etc. This plan'gives method to note taking, makes the notes valuable because available for future.'reference, which should be the primal object of taking notes at all. "And there is another thing. Too many teachers attend onr Normal Schools, take notes on all proceedings? they are religiously punctual in attend? ance upon every exercise?and, after the Normal closes, these teachers put their well stocked note books away into their tracks, or other but. of the way place, and never see tbem again till the next sumbfer/'when it is the same thing over again. Now, these teachers had far bet? ter remained at home and slept; for by attending a Normal in this way they have lost a month's rest and twenty to thirty dollars besides, ? r. . Notes', taken* op any exercise to be of r & co. utility to tbe teacher must be reviewed and enlarged the day they are taken, and looked over frequently thereafter, else they fade from the memory and are for gotten. "As a general thing, we have too much pleasure-seeking at our Normals. If teachers visit these schools for the pur? pose of social enjoyment, why, it is all well enough; but if they attend for the purpose of receiving tbe benefit of the instruction presented, they must leave pleasure mainly ont of the program. Close attention to the object -under con? sideration alone can bring any consider? able success to the summer Normalist in his efforts to equip himself better for the duties of his own school-room. "I wonld not discourage any one from attending our Normale and Institutes. Go, by all means, but for the sake of the profession, do not make a farce of the I matter by the shiftless manner in which you attempt to better yonr condition as a teacher. Whatever you do, do it with J your might, and in your best style." ( THE COST OF COTTON. I Results of an Interesting Experiment on the Farm of Mr. J. A. Feterkln. From the Weekly News and Courier. Each section of the world has its pe- I culiar product that is best adapted to it. j Ours is peculiarly adapted to cotton. Other products grow and flourish, but none suits it so well as cotton. It is our money product, and should have especial attention. We need not fear over-pro? duction. The world needs all we can make. If we don't make it, some other section of the world will. Cotton at 10 cents is the highest priced product in the world. What we should learn to do I is to make it with the least possible cost. On well-drained high lands short staple cotton should be made at a cost of not more than 5 cents per ponnd, and put on the market at that. I said in the Cotton Plant some time ago that I would make the experiment this Beason with a one-horse plough to j see how much and how cheap the staple could possibly be produced. I will now repeat for the Weekly News and Courier I what i said I intended to do in the way of intensive farming, and tell of the prospects at this time. I will also report later, and will say that this experiment j is for the benefit of the public. I boast ed in the Cotton Plant that I would plant fifty acres to one mule, and make fifty bales. This is my mode of intensive farming. I can now say that my pros-1 pacts are good for the fifty bales, each to weigh 500 pounds. If I succeed, and I think I will, and get ten cents per ponnd I I will put my cotton ou the market at a cost of less than three cents per pound, which will make me at least $1,500 clear profit. Now if every plough that is run in the South v(ould make fifty bales, we would soon root ont the balance of the world j and have things our own way. The climate of South Carolina is ex? actly suited for the plant, neither too hot or too cool. It is less subject to disaster in every respect than tbe rich bottoms of the Mississippi, and if we make a bale to the acre the crop is self-sustainiog, (that is to say,) the seed when turned into meal will give enough to fertilize the land and buy said phosphate to go with it and have a little left to fertilize ] corn. j My fifty acres are planted altogether different from the usual custom. Instead of planting on the bed I have planted in the alley or water furrow, and instead of ploughing dirt up hill I am throwing it down hill, and I find it much easier to do. The hoeing will be done for less than one dollar per acre, and will stand any drought we have ever had. Not a single root is ever cut. It branches ont long limbs near the gronnd. I have been successful for two years in succession on a ten acre plant, and I know -my fifty acres will succeed this time. My mode of cultivation is so different from tbe usual way that I will not speak of it now, but will venture to advise on the old plan of planting on the bed, and my advice is opposite to David Dixon's. He said plough with a flat-running sweep and cultivate level, so as not to cut the roots. Now that can't be done.. If you [ plant on a bed, I don't care how low it is, and cultivate with a flat-running Dixon sweep, you are cutting the most important roots all the time. No imple? ment could be invented that would do more harm. My idea is to use a sweep just the opposite, something on the style of the old-time barrel head. I bought a dozen a few days pgo from C. P. Poppen, heim, of Charleston. He called it the .'Charleston sweep. It is the best thing of the kind I have ever seen. My plan is to plough the crop from the beginning to end with the same size sweep. You are then less subject to in? jure the lateral roots. Think of it and try it. You will find that your cotton will stand the July and August droughts better than if ploughed with tbe flat-run? ning Dixon sweep. Twenty-inch is the largest size to use. It leaves a three and a half-foot row in good shape, and that is the right distance to plant cotton. I spoke of my fifty-acre farm being on the intensive system. Now I am intensi? fying on a big mule that is worth as much as two ordinary mules. I have also intensified on a big negro that starts his plough at daybreak on Monday morn? ing and ploughs until dark, or as long as he can see, and keeps t up until Satur? day night. I am not on the Furman in? tensive system, because I think it expen? sive and uncertain, because high fertil? izing is dangerous without perfect seasons all through the year. . I think I will be able to put in a pea crop and also an oat crop that my mule will make his feed for another year. J. A, Petebkin. Fort Motte, June 10. Editorial in Daily News and Courier. Mr. J. A. Peterkin, of Fort Motte, S. C, contributed to the Agricultural Department of .the Weekly News and Courier, last week, an article on "The Cost of Cotton," which is of paramount interest to every cotton planter in the United States. Some time ago Mr. Pe? terkin promised that he would make an experiment this season for the benefit of the public to see how much of the staple could possibly be produced with a one horse or one mule plongh, and bow cheaply. His letter has reference to the progress of this experiment. Encouraged by the snccess of his plan in cultivating ten-acre plants for two suc? cessive years, Mr. Peterkin undertook this season to plant and cultivate fifty acres of cotton, with one mule, and make fifty bales. His report is that the out? look for success is good. He expects to make fifty bales of 500 pounds each on the fifty acres; to put the cotton on the market at a cost of less than three cents a pound; and, if he receives ten cents a pound, to clear $1,500 on the lot. Of the methods he employs Mr. Peter kin does not now attempt to give a full account. He says, however, that the fifty acres "are planted altogether differ? ently from the usual custom," and he points ont one important difference. He says: "Instead of planting on the bed, I have planted in the alley or water fur? row, and, instead of ploughing dirt up* bill, I am throwing it down-hill, and I find it much easier to do." The hoeing will be done for "less than one dollar per acre," and the plant "will stand any drought we have ever had. Not a single root is ever cut." There is a great deal in even these few hints for every farmer to think about. The wisdom of the plan so far discovered is apparent on its face. It is evident that Mr. Peterkin starts put with two plain, consistent principles, and these are revealed in the remarks we have quoted. The effects of drought are prevented by planting the cotton in the waterfuirow instead of setting it upon a narrow bed of porous soil, which neces? sarily dries through and through after 'many days' exposure to sun and wind. By setting it lower, the roots of the plant are kept in moist ground, which is assumed to be well drained, and the re* suit is stated in the few words: '-'It will stand any drought we have ever had." The next point is not less important. The plant is placed where its roots can find water, and are protected from baking; but that is not all. "Not a single root is ever cut." This is common sense, and the wisdom of the precaution does not require to be argued. Much of the nourishment of the plant is derived through the roots, and every one that is cut means so much nourishment lost to the plant, so much cotton lost to the planter. It is as necessary to protect his cotton from injury as to protect bis stock from wounding. The farmer might just as well try to raise fine cattle by bleeding them or breaking their legs, as to try to raise cotton by bleeding the plant and breaking its roots, and this is the error that Mr. Peterkin is most careful to avoid. "Not a Bingle root is ever cut." This one golden rule cannot be repeated too often. How cutting is avoided is explained briefly. Mr. Peterkin's advice, be says, is opposed to David Dixon's. Dixon said: "Plough with a flat-running sweep and cultivate level, so as not to cut the roots." Mr. Peterkin thinks this cannot be done. "If you plant on a bed, I don't care how low it is, and cultivate with a flat-running Dixon sweep, you are cntting the most-important roots all the time 1 No implement could be invented that would do more harm." Mr. Peter? kin uses it different kind of sweep, which be finds answers the purpose he keeps mainly in view, and which he comes back to at every stage of his article. The outcome of Mr. Peterkin's experi? ment will be looked for with profound interest by every intelligent cotton farm? er in South Carolina, and if he attains the success which be believes to be already assured the fuller description of his methods will go far towards revolu? tionizing cotton farming in South Caro? lina, and in the South generally. It should be added here that he expresses the belief that cotton at 10 cents a pound "is the highest-priced product In the world;" that on well-drained high lands short staple cotton should be made at "a cost.of not. more than 5 cents a pound, and that South Carolina is a better place to raise cotton thao even the rich bot? toms of the Mississippi." At the rate of a bale to the acre Mr. Peterkin finds the crop to be "self sustaining?that is to Bay the seed, when turned into meal, will give enough to fertilize the land and buy acid phosphate to go with it and have a little left to fertilize corn." It should also be added that, while he does not explain his method fully, Mr. Peterkin is careful to say that it does not consist in extravagant fertilizing. He avoids "the Furman intensive system," because he believes it to be expensive and uncertain, and because high fertiliz? ing is dangerous without perfect seasons all through the year. The Peterkin in? tensive system is explained in part by the rules above given, and by the further statement that he "intensifies on a big mute that is worth as much as two ordi? nary mules," and "intensifies also on a big negro that starts his plough at day? break on Monday morning and ploughs until dark, or as long as he can see, and keeps it up until Saturday night." The promised result is fifty bales of cotton, produced by the labor of one mule, on fifty acres of land ; and this is comment enough on the Peterkin system. ' ? "How long did you say you had been a widow, Mrs. Frank ?" "About two years, sir." "And have you become reconciled to your loss, yet?" "Well, partly." "Partly! How am I to under? stand that?" "Why, I mean that I am reconciled to the loss of my first hus? band, but not to the loss of that compan? ionship which I might have from a sec? ond." ? "Tom, why did you not marry Miss Green ?" "Oh, she had a sort of hesitan? cy in her speech and so I left her." "A hesitancy in her speech ! I never heard that before. Are you not mistaken?" "No, not at all, for when I asked her if she would have me she kinder hesitated to say yes, and she hesitated bo long that I cut out for another gal." ? Charlie, after his evening prayer, was adding some improvised petitions. He prayed impartially, as his memory served, for all his friends, for the people next door and around the corner, and added, with the ear.o intently abstracted tone: "I won't pray for old Dr. Hart's folks, for we don't visit ther#," ANDERSON, S. C, 1 Across tbc Mountains. House Mountain, Tenn., June 13th, 1887. Mit. Editor : To say that we have en? joyed our mountain trip would hardly tell it all. We have looked, wondered, talked, sang and laughed to our heart's content, walking over the green meadows, eating strawberries and raspberries on the hillsides, and fanned by the gentle breeze from off House Mountain, which stands in front of our room, one mile high, two miles wide, just in shape of a sugar loaf. It is natural for our minds to wander back to our home and friends in Caro? lins, and a desire to tell them of what we see and hear prompts us to writo this morning. We are stopping for a few days with the " 'Squire" of the land and his kind family. He counts his acres by the thousands, and takes an interest in count? ing up his profits, derived from his va? rious saw mills, planing machines and every other kind of a mill, from which his teams are continually running into Knoxville. These mountain people have big souls and wide views in regard to their fellow-man, following the com? mandment, "Love thy neighbor as thy? self," but little regard for the Creator of their immortal souls, or what will be the result after they have passed ont of these mountains into eternity. We find "brown bread and the blessing of God a rich ban? quet." He never forsakes us, even in the land of strangers. On the first Sabbath, while the Christian world were reasoning together on the "manna in the wilder? ness," we consulted Dr. Vincent's com? mentary on the lessons and feasted our thirsty soul. The true manna is Christ, who supplies all our spiritual needs. The bitter waters of Marah can be sweet? ened, even now in our present life. We feel that we are "casting bread upon the waters to be gathered in the future." While sitting in the moonlight all alone, looking up, pleading with our Heavenly Father to save the immortal souls of all this household, we were approached by the sensible, good mother, and asked for our thoughts. Thinking of that passage, Be not afraid bit speak and hold not thy peace," we told her just what the Spirit was prompting us to ask for, and we believed that God would grant it. Her big heart warmed up, and spirit begat spirit, 'till we two talked, hoped and exercised faith, even larger than a "grain of mustard seed." Bright and early one morning we were seated in a comfortable top-buggy, drawn by a span of dappled grays, and started out for Lea's Springs. This popular sumrrer resort of mineral waters?white sulpher, black sulpher and calybeate?is situated in Granger County at the foot of Clynch Mountain. For six miles we drove over beds of slate, shaded by mag? nificent sycamore trees, cedars, obvitas of every kind, hedged in by thousands of wild roses, the osage, orange and catar ber. 0, how beautiful these catarbers are ! so large and full of magnificent blooms, equal to our magnolia. These Springs, three in number, of an entirely different mineral character, possess re? markable remedial virtues, and are situ? ated in au elevated, well-drained plateau, forming a basin surrounded by Clinch Mountain, presenting a beautiful, pic? turesque appearance. The White Sul? pher is clear and strong, springing up through a marble basin, running into another, and all is coated with a thick, white coat, resembling chalk or flour, very strong to the taste, and the fumes of sulpher are in the atmosphere. The bath bouse, near the spring, situated on a small stream, with water conveyed in tubes, gives hot and cold baths to the in? valid. One mile from this is the Black Sulpher well; to lift the lid you are almost knocked down by the odor. The water is clear, but the walls and tbe vessels it stands in are thickly coated with an ugly, black substance. This blood purifyer is said to have no equal. Persons affected with erysipelas have broken out thick immediately after drinking the Black Sulpher. Farther up the same stream is the Calybeate Springs, three in a bunch, clear as a crystal, but the marble basin and troughs artfof a pure iron hue; we taste, smell and breathe it in the atmosphere. The very stream is so preg nated with the different minerals, our horses would not drink of it. This is the most beautiful spot imaginable, at the base of a huge mountain, on the banks of a lovely 8trj|g^n^^ level plat of ground, dens ever 01 thll sr rol therein large hot grand seal? hundred act, is ownec spends New Y{ full CHUKSDAY M0KNI1 BILL ARP. How the People Fly from the Approach of Pestilence. "Skin for skin?yea, all that a man bath will he give for bis life." Tbat is true even though the devil said it. Why is it the soldier faces death with heroism and exultation, but let a plague or pestilence come along and the people fly in terror and in many cases actually die of fright. I fled from Memphis some years ago and, to my great peril, rode all night on the platform of a car, sitting on the steps and holding fast to an iron railing. It was an awful night and I think of it now with horror. There was no room inside?not a spare foot, and scores of children were asleep on the floor in the aisles and down under the seats. They were the poor mainly, and the etench inside was horrible, but skin for skin, and we endured it, for life was at stake. I was thinking about this yes? terday when our kindred arrived from New York as refugees from Key West. Their home is in Sanford, but all homes and all ports were closed upon them except New York, and to New York they had to go. A sea voyage of 2,000 miles when their home was only a day distant and then another thousand miles to reach our haven of rest. Verily, the land of flowers is not always heaven. Tbey were not so much afraid of the fever as they were of the hospital, for the hospital is almost certain death. When a "sus? pect" is sent to the hospital his loneli? ness, bis separation from his family, his conteguity to the fever, and his alarm combine together, and he dies. My kin? dred told of a young man who had eaten too much fruit and had an attack of cholera morbus. His indisposition was slight and was kept concealed from the authorities, and be was getting better when the secret was made known in some way and he was ordered at once to the hos? pital. He was engaged to be married to a beautiful and lovely girl and she was with him in the sick chamber and begged and plead for his life, and said she would nurse him, but all in vain, and then as a last privilege a priest was sent for and tbey were married.' The shock of the separation was too much for him, and he died in the hospital, but no one believes that he would have died if he had not been sent there. When our kindred reached New York they were not permit? ted to land until after an inspection by the man who carried, the yellow flag. The passengers were all quite well except a lad and his little sister, and they were only weak and exhausted from an overdose of seasickness. -The captain was a smart man and good hearted, and so he managed to have a lunch spread when he saw the yellow flag coming, and had all the passengers at the table to show how well and strong and hungry tbey were. The boy and the girl were lifted gently out of their berths and propped up at the table with the others. The yellow flag counted them all, and, finding the number correct, left the steamer and gave ber a permit to go into port. It takes sharp practice to dodge the red tape of government doctors. It is the strangest thing in the world that the great blessings are the least con? sidered. Good health, pure air, pure water, are so common, tbat nobody prizes them. They are a kind of matter of] course?and a man will make more fuss about his coffee than about the air or the water. But just let him get alarmed. Let the pestilence that walketh at noon? day threaten him, and he don't care any? thing about coffee then. It is air?pure air?he wants. Well, we have got that here in Cherokee Georgia, and by Cher? okee I mean all of north Georgia. There has never been any pestilence here and I don't suppose there ever will be. There is nothiug for it to feed upon. Where there are mountains and valleys and fast flowing streams, there is no danger of pestilence. If life?human life, moving along without extraordinary disturbance ?is worth 100, then good health is worth all of 75. It is the biggest thing and the best thing in the world. Everybody who has been sick kno\& it. A man with a sick wife or a sick child cannot be happy except by the grace of God, and if he is sick himself his wife and child can? not be happy. I've been sick myself for three days, and it took more grace than I could master to make me willing to die and leave my family in a helpless condi? tion. But of all the places tbat I have visited n is that Gainesville is the best health and long life. This healthy, very healthy; but it fertile, and cannot therefrre hy a country as around where the soil is poor and esville is a clean, white town, prettiest place to play marbles all north Georgia. They have torn down the old court house in the square, so.a.s to give the boys a chance to play marbles; and tbey have built a new court house on a side square, and it cost them thirty thousand dollars, and is a model of .beauty, and it was paid for without issuing any bonds. They owe no debt. The authorities tried to get the people to vote for bonds, but the poor people said no. If the rich people want a fine court house, let them build it and pay for it. We don't want it. If we ever get rich we don't want to be taxed to pay old bonds. The sound of the hammer and the saw is heard in Gainesville. The town is spreading out and beautiful homes being established in every direction. It will not be long before New Holland springs will be in the suburbs. The town and the springs are closely connected now by street car rails and hack lines. Those springs are nature's treasures. Dame Nature is sweetly kind to us all, and we ought to thank her every time we see her, and we ought to be grateful to old man Holland for improving that place and offering it to the public. Some folks say they wish General Longstreet's fine hotel was there, but I like the old fashioned simplicity of the hotel and I like the cot? tages that are nestled among the beauti? ful trees, and I like the cheerful, genial landlords who try bo hard to make every? body happy. I want to take my wife there and stay a week?a whole week. I think % can get her to go if.1 take about two of the children along. It has been some time since she was there. When $G, JUNE 30, 1887 ahe ge ;s there she ought to he honored as the oldeBt living visitor?that is, except me. We were there just thirty-eight years ago when there was nothing but the spiing and an humble cc ,;age on the hill, und my good friend Judge Butts was shooting deer all around there. He has to go farther now, but he talks about his youthful exploits with an unction that is quite becoming to ante-diluvian. Thirty-eight years ago my bride and I rode up to the old Griffin tavern that had a sign-board suspended in front with the welcome words, "Entertainment for man snd beast" painted thereon. We always traveled with beast then. These signs would have said "horse" instead of beast, for it is more respectful to that noble animal, but horse wouldn't include mules nor speers, and so beast was the best compromise. We were traveling in the highest style of pre? historic luxury. The fine old carriage was grucofully suspended between four large goose neck springs and the steps were folded in the panels of the doors and were let down like a little carpeted staircase, and the bride or any other patrician lady ascended and descended as daintily as a queen. The fair ladies didn't step as high then as they do now. Mr. Griffin was a gentleman of the old school ? nd met us at the threshold and gave ue glad welcome. Always digni? fied, graceful and genial, and cultivated, he was the welcome associate of the highest in the land. Lumpkin and War? ner and Nesbit and the bar that practiced in their court?the "Supreme court," as Dr. Miller and Ben Hill called it, were always glad to be guests at that inn and to feast upon Mrs. Griffin's famous batter cakes. There were no such cakes made in the State, they said. They were nearly half an inch thick and light and porous ioside and beautifully brown on the out. There are as good cakes made now, I reckon, but they don't taste like they used to. As Bob Martin said, "I would give five hundred dollars if a gin? ger cake tasted as good now as it did when I was a boy." The famous Griffin tavern h id a score of rooms up stairs for the judges and the lawyers. There was the largo room for the chief justice to receive his associates and friends by night and exchange wit and learning and meniment. When they quoted from famous authors to point a moral or adorn a tale it was from Shakespare and Mil? ton and Burns and Goldiimith and Pope and Don Quixote and Washington Irv? ing and Walter Scott. They studied those standards, but nobody has time to study them now. The best rendition of "Tara O'Shanter" I ever heard was at one of those receptions. But I did not finish our cavalcade. The carriage had a high dickey-Beat perched in front, and there Bar. old Virgil?a tall, dignified, stammering darkey whose right to that seat of honor and to flourish that whip and wear that stovepipe hat was an? cient and exclusive; not a white child in his master's family dared to interfere with his privileges. On one occasion I remember he came to the front with crape on his hat, and when asked who was dead, he said, "Nobody ain't dead, but my e ld 'oraan powerful sick; must die 'most any time, so got de mournin' all ready., bless de Lord." We were on our bridal trip to the /alls ?not Niagara, but Tallulah?and it was a journey of love and delightful pleasure. Everything was rosy then. Oh, if we could recall our youth and find that same old carriage and horses, and Virgil, and drive up to the same old hotel .and have thai; same reception by Griffin and his good wife, I think I would try it over again. Yes, I think I would. It is a beautiful country around Gainesville, and its manifest destiny is to be a health resort for the invalid, and the tired and the restless, A change is what such people want?change of air, and water and scenery. When we get our railroad from Caitersville direct to Gainesville, which wo are sure to have, our peopla will go tt ere for a change for their free? stone, water and their people will come here for our limestone water. It takes different kinds to suit different condi? tions. My father never recovered from his great infirmity until he removed from Gwinnett to Floyd, and yet Gwin nett is healthy?very healthy. Gaines? ville vf ill soon have a railroad to Dalone ga, and that will open up another splendid resort and bring Porter Springs in reach of the invalids and the pleasure seekers. I love to see them travel, these who have got plenty of money, for it scatters it.; but ours is always scattered before we start. Gainesville has more than doubled her populations Bince the last census. There is now a street rail? road and four fine hotels, and a baDk, and a daily paper and two weeklies, and a cotton factory going up, and two fine colleges and a graded school. The old Dr. Banks mansion is still standing and in good preservation. He was a famous surgeon in his day, the most famous in the State., and amassed a fortune by his profession. I went to school to an Irish? man by the name of Gray, John Gray, an eccentric and learned man, a graduate of Belfast. He quit teaching and studied theology, and went down to Columbus to be examined and licensed. Old Dr. Goulding was presiding, and Mr. Gray stood a uplendid examination and was just about to be admitted, when the ven? erable doctor leaned forward and said: "Brother Gray, I will ask you one more question : Do you feel called upon from the Lord to preach the gospel to the peo? ple?" "Yes," said he, "I do if they will pay me for it." And they never could get him to Bay anything else, and he was rejected. He was a business man, he was, and he studied law and settled down in Gainesville. He was a good man and honest, but could not compre? hend the .idea of self-sacrifice and mar? tyrdom that old Dr. Goulding required in a candidate for the ministry. The scripture that most impressed him was that the laborer was worthy of his hire. Well, he is worthy, and he ought to have it, and th it church or that people who will not pay it are in a bad way for heaven. If they don't like the preacher, say so and let him go to another field, but if they keep him, then pay him the full price and a little more. Cheer him up with liberality; don't punch him down to tae lowest dollar. A preacher can't preach with power and unction who feels like bis people would let his family come as near starvation as was decent and allowable in a Christian community. My kindred from Key West told me that the operatives in those immense cigar factories that employ, each, about a thousand men and women, and boys and girls, pay a man fifty dollars a week to read to them two hours every day while they are at work. He reads from news? papers and romances, and can be beard all over the long balls, and even down in the town. There is no machinery and not a voice but his. Just think of it?twenty-five hundred dollars a year for reading, and the Cubans pay it out of their wages. Bill Arp. THE PERSONAL LIBERTY ISSUE IN PROHIBITION, From (he Toledo Blade. In every contest in which a great moral question is involved, it seems to be a favorite method of the party which has the weaker side of the abstract question itself, to confuse the minds of the masses by placing the issue in a false light. The cuttle fish, on being attacked, ejects the contents of its ink-bag, tbus beclouding the waters and rendering escape possible. The cry of "persoual liberty" is as useful to tbe supporters of the Rum traffic as is the bag of ink to tbe cuttle fish. It serves to darken tbe real point of attack, and confase public opinion. We pro? pose to discuss this matter of personal liberty briefly. It is a fact known to all men that drunkards and drinking men are made by convivial drinking, and especially by the abominable habit of "treating" which prevails so extensively. Two men meet in a saloon, or perhaps several come together; one invites the others to drink at his expense. Then another of the party, not wishing to appear churlish, proposes another drink at his expense; and so it goes round the circle until as many drinks have been taken as there are persons therein. It is plain that such a course of training will very speedily beget in tbe system of one sub? jected to it, the abominable Drink Thirst ?that craving, gnawing desire for alco? holic stimulus which is incomprehensi? ble to any one not yet its victim; yet which is a most awful reality to those who are. There is no human appetite so terrible in its cravings as this. One of its slaves told the writer a few years since, "When this infernal craving comes upon me, if a glass of whisky were set before, and I knew, to an absolute certainty, that I would be stricken dead one minute after I had swallowed it, I would gulp it down." The Drink Thirst is the only earthly approximation to tbe tortures of tbe damned in perdition. It is a con? suming fire within the vitals, which can only be extinguished for tbe time being by alcohol and this in turn increases the infernal thirst on the next occasion. It is plain, too, that, as tbe very great majority of our drunkards?and a drunk? ard is nothing but a man in whom this Rum thirst has been established?are caused by this convivial system of drink? ing, if the opportuoity for treating were removed?if there was not on every square of every city of the land, on every street of every village, places in which this conviviality can be indulged?those men who have not yet established this fearful Rum thirst, this habit of drinking, all of the rising generation who are as yet too young to have commenced, would be saved from all danger of ever becom? ing drunkards. Tbe taste for liquor is not a natural one. There are some persons who are under an inheirited curse, in whom the taste for Rum is a horrible legacy left them by an intemperate father or grand? father; but they are as yet only a small proportion of tbe entire community. The taste of liquor, to an unaccustomed palate, is generally unwelcome. A young man, to become a drinking man, has first to overcome this repugnance. In very many cases, probably nine out of ten, this would never happen if the opportunity for carnival drinking were taken away. How can this be done ? Simply by closing tbe places devoted thereto. Shut up every saloon, every public drinking place, and nine tenths of the next generation of drunkards would be saved. But when such a subject is broached, up comes tbe cry that there is an inva? sion of "personal liberty" Now, so far as the rights of the Rumseller are con? cerned, or the individual right of each separate drinker to indulge bis taste as he may choose, they are but a small propor? tion of the question at issue. It is not a question whether A has the right to sell a glass of whiskey to B, or whether 0 has a right to buy from D a schooner of beer and drink it; but it also embraces the question whether the wife and chil? dren and other dependents of B and C, the drinkers, have any rights which A or D or B or C are bound to respect. The question is whether A has a right to fill his till with the hard earnings of B's daily labor in exchange for the vile body-rot in which he deals, while B's wife and little ones are starving at home, and after getting from him his last nickel, and stealing from his brains as well, turning him out, to stagger home and beat and abuse them. It is not a question whether John Smith, when sober, is a good citizen whose right to an occasional glass is not to be interfered with; but whether John Smith, having a weakness for an occasional glass and bearing a grudge against his neighbor, may go to tbe doggery, and after having roused all the baser passions of his na? ture by indulgence?having gotten him? self "fighting drunk"?may happen to remember bis grudge, and, meeting his neighbor, may murder him in his drunken rage. Again, it is a question involved in this issue of "personal liberty," whether a man is not a public enemy who keeps open, day and night, a resort which becomes tbe gathering place for tho vicious and dangerous elements of socie? ty, whose sole occupation it is to sell to them, as long as they can beg, borrow or steal the money, his vil decoctions, which cannot fail to render these per? sons still more vicious and dangerous to the peace and welfare of the com VOLUM] m unity. The question comes up whether the community has not a right to guard itself against such a manifest danger. Our friends who believe in taxation and high license have reached the point at which they can see danger to the pub? lic from such establishments. They seek to eliminate the worst class of saloons and dives by the imposition of a license, or the levying of a tax, sufficient to close the majority of these low resorts. But the imposition of any license at all, or any attempt of regulation of the tariff, is a veritable admission that the tariff itself is wrong and vicious, and a menace to society. There is not any other human occupation except, perhaps one, which is limited and hedged about by legal precautions, save that of Bum selling. All other means of livelihood are open to all people; any one may enter upon them, untrammelcd by legal restraints and unfettered by bonds. The plain, honest view of the matter is, that if the business is right for any, it is right for all; if it is wrong for any, it is wrong for all. It should not be limited nor regulated, but destroyed. There is. no doubt but that taxation and high license do a good work in clos? ing the lowest and worst of the saloons. Hence, these methods may have their place in the grand work of building up a public sentiment hostile to the Bum traffic. All great moral reforms are slow in their progress. It was so in the anti-slavery struggle, but the end came at last. Progress seems slow in the bat? tle against Bum, but the ultimate victory is not the less sure and certain. Taxa? tion, regulation, and high license arc cot ends in themselves; they are merely mile stones on the road to absolute Prohibition. As we have pointed out above, when the people give assent to the restriction of the Bum traffic?admit that it is an evil, an unmitigated curse, something which has to be chained and guarded?when it is once admitted that it is good to restrain this evil, to hedge it about with limitations, there is no escape from the logical conclusion that it would be better to destroy it utterly. When the question of personal liberty comes up, the point to be considered is not the liberty of the one man to drink and of the other to sell, but the right of these men to bring misery upon others. In this case, as iu all others, the duty of the State is to so legislate as to do the greatest good to the greatest number. Now, the only men who are benefited by the Bum traffic are the dealers and manu? facturers ; the drinker is ruined in mind, body and soul, and his family is reduced to penury and want. For every Bumsel ler there are at least one hundred drink? ers ; and it is certainly a low estimate to say that each drinker has a influence upon the lives of at least two other per? sons?it may be wife And child, it may be a dependent father and mother, it may be a sister or youoger brother. From this it seems that while the Bum traffic is a profit to one person, viz: the saloon ist, it injures three hundred other people. What shall our law-makers do?legislate in favor of the one, or in favor of the three hundred ? The "personal liberty" cry is the mere resource of the demagogue. It is his intension merely to confuse the real issue in the minds of the voting population. The highest liberty is the liberty of doing right. The rum traffic is all wrong. There is not one shadow of real excuse for its existence. It is a traffic which depends entirely upon the frailties and follies of humanity. It is evil in itself and its results, are evil. There is but one thing to do with it, and that is to crush it out. Let not the senseless itera? tion of the "personal liberty" plea, or of any other makeshift argument, deter an honest citizen from aiding with both voice and vote to destroy it utterly. ? An important decision has been rendered by the Supreme Court of Illi? nois in a bank case which has been in the courts for several years. Gardner Case was a depositor in Bunker Hill Bank, at Bunker Hill, 111. The bank failed while holding his deposits, and he brought suit against the directors indi? vidually, setting up the claim that if deposits were received when the direc? tors by exercising due dilgence might have known the bank was insolvent they were legally liable for the deposit. The Circuit Court of Macoupin county gave judgment in favor of Case, and the defen? dants appealed to the Appellate Court which affirmed the decision of the court below. The case was then carried to the Supreme Court, which again affirmed the decision of the court below. The opinion declares the following: Fiist, that the directors of the bank are trustees for the depositors as well as for the stockholders; second that they are bound to the obser? vance of ordinary care and diligence, and are hence liable for injury resulting from non-observance. ? The New York Herald puts it this way: But since the war what has hap? pened? The Eepublicans have bad full swing. They fell from ijatriotism &a the rebellious angels did from heaven. They carpetbagged the South, and with the cowl of sanctity on their heads plundered it as the Jacobins plundered Paris. They spent scores of millions on the navy and left a lot of rotten, worthless hulks be? hind. They were in collusion with land robbers, and whole tracts of the public domain were stolen outright and sold to foreign syndicates. They used the pa? tronage of government in the most defi? antly corrupt manner, nntil the voters of the country got together and threw them out of Washington neck and heels. Now we have an honest administration. Public office is becoming a public trust. Our merchants are prosperous and con? tented. The people are happy. ? Owing to the increased electrical intensity of the atmosphere, which is obtained by the continual evulsion of steam and smoke, Dr. Andries estimates that the danger from lightning is from three to five times greater than it was fity years ago. ? The man who gives his children habits of industry provides for them bet? ter than by giving them a fortune. ? The worst dressed women are in many instances those who spend most money on their clothes. E XXII.- -NO. 51. Borrowing* and Lending. Spartanburg Spartan. What I have to say has no reference to banks and these 25 per cent, men who never have any money to lend but can always manage to raise a few dollars to accommodate one in great need, and at great interest. I have some of the beat neighbors in tbe world, some of them being more ready to do a kindness than to receive one. They are not learned, or great or fashionable, or rich, but they are good and they have hearts of flesh that can be touched with a neighbor's misfor? tunes or even bad management. Last month, I called at the bouse of one of these neighbors, Mr. Bushahead. In passing tbe horse lot I overheard him talking, with unusual emphasis, to old Slowgo, and I caught these words: "I'll be confound if I do it. All spring you've been foolin' away your time, when I was hard at work, and I've lent you flour, and corn and given you garden seed and plants and here you are wanting my cradle to cut your small grain. I just won't do it. That's all." Being surpris? ed at this sudden outburst from an even tempered, good roan, I said to him after the borrower had left, "You seem out of sorts this moning." He replied: "Well, its about time. It is a real favor to some men to lend them tools and horses and wagons. Tbey pay you back with big interest. They are gratoful for favors. But there's old Slowgo. Iv'e lent him everything under the sun, but the old woman here, and it does him no good. He won't have anything aud I'm tired to death lending to such. I've about made up my mind not to keep this neighbor? hood in tools any longer." A few days after this I called on an? other friend, Mrs. Careful. I found her in her tidy kitcben brightening up things that were already bright. We were soon seated and talking away for lifj about all tbe little nothings that interested us, when in popped a little, sloucby girl with a bucket and a cup. She eaid, as though she was making a demand: "My mar says she wants to borrow a cup of coffee and a bucket of meal." Mrs. Careftil's fine, benevolent face was cloud? ed, but she got up and got the things, but not with tbe best grace. When the little girl bad left she said: "It does beat all how some people borrow. It's an eternal demand from Christmas to Christ? mas and never any thanks for it. I don't mind lending to most of my neighbors; in fact I like to accommodate tbem, but Mrs. Tiptop bothers me to death. Eve y week she wants to borrow something. There is no special loss in it, for she always pays back, but tbe annoyance and tbe trouble and tbe little worriment al? most drives me crazy. Her husband is able to provide for bis family, and would do it if he had a careful, methodical wife. But she does beat all. I sometimes make up my mind never to lend her another thing in the world." These two incidents, with a little ex? perience of my own, set me to thinking. Borrowing is as old as tbe human family, and I have an idea that a man who never borrows or lends is a poor sort of fellow* It is a sign of intense selfishness or mean* ness. But there is a great deal of character manifested both in borrowing and lending. I had a neighbor once who always paid back grudgingly, giving barely as much as she received and generally of a poorer quality. That is about as bad as not paying at all. Then there was another that always sent more, of anything than she borrowed, and requested me to lake out the proper quantity. That is also a bad way of paying back. Then I had another neighbor who did not hesitate to ask for anything. She was hospitable and kind-hearted and sometimes her house would be overflowing with sudden company. Then she would snatch a little time and run over and borrow dishes, cold ham, pies, preserves, cake, anything and everything, and she always got wha; she wanted if I bad it. That was because she was able and willing to pay me back and she did it cheerfully. Above all she was thankful for the favors. After her company bad gone, she would run over, her face all aglow, and before greeting me she would burst out with some such expression as this: "Well I don't know what I would have done with my crowd, if it hadn't been for you. That dish of sliced ham saved me from confusion, and the jar of preserves were praised and devoured with great energy. If you ever get caught call on me." Therein lay the secret of borrowing and lending. Tbe favor was done without any grudging and it was received with great thankful? ness. Such people never trouble one when they borrow, but it is always a pleasure to do them a favor. In country neighborhoods borrowing is a necessity and it is a sign of good fellowship. It is those little civilities that show the real heart of people, and there is more of one's character manifested in the way a horse or plowstock is returned, than in a week's talk. My neighbor Mr. Busha bead was exactly right in his conclusions as to furnishing his neighborhood with tools, but after he cools off be will go on with his lending, for he has a big heart. The meaning of all this is that we are going to have borrowers and lenders as long as human society rests on its present basis. If those who borrow would fi/st make an effort to have something of their own and exercise a grateful spirit tbey would never be turned away empty. A thankful heart covers a multitude of little inconveniences in the lending of things. It would be a selfish sort of world, if every one should heed tbe great poet's injunction: "Neither a borrower nor a lender be." Both borrow and lend and thereby cultivate the graces of kindness and thankfulness. ? A Bucks county farmer who sent $10 to a Philadelphia address in answer to an advertisement of the finest feed* cutter in America, received in return a two dollar set of false teeth. ? Blackwood, the Georgia forger, was sentenced to nine years at hard labor in the penitentiary. He had pleaded guilty to three indictments for forgery.. ? Pity the distressed and hold ont a hand to help them; it may be your case, and as you mete to others, God will mete to you again. ? Avoid the company of those who talk unkindly of other people.