University of South Carolina Libraries
E. B. MURRAY & CO. ANDERSON, S. C, THURSDAY MORNING, JULY 15, 1886. VOLUME XXII.?NO; "OUR COMBINATION FENCE,' MAN?FACTU?ED BY 1 ILM & BROTHER FENCE COMPANY. I m I S ? OMcfcen Tight, Mule High, Bull Strong ! Durable, Handsome, Portable, CHEAP! . * "DUT up for convenient handling in bundles of 50 feet or more. Nothing but ? XT' , . sound pickeU and fc^t grade Be83e^ in the inanafacttae of our Fencing, |iS IS CERTAINLY THE FENCE OF THE DAY! ?And is FAR SUPERIOR in many respects lo any other kind of Fenceever in* :-;7ehted;./ V V v: ' . - ? , : "? j"v v f: The above cut exhibits its appearance, and the Fence need only be Been to be appreciated. ?Orders for fencing filled.promptly, and all correspondence in regard to same vr?frhava ourlmmediate attention. THE SdiLIVAN & BEO. FENCE CO., t BJJTjpTVAN <& SRO., Anderson, S. Qv proprietors. SOMETHING NEW FOR ANDERSON iOHNE.? I "v.'? havajnst roceived the -Largest and most Complete Stock of CROCKERY V.ftudiHOUSE FTJRNISHING GOODS ever brought to this market, and iroare aelliug them at extremely LOW PRICES. Hand Painted China Tea and'Dinner Sels at about one-half the usual cost. Decorated Tea Sets, of 44 and 56 Pieces, from $6.00 to $15.00. Decorated .Dinner Sote, of 110 and I20;Pieces, from $15.00; to $25.00. Opaque Porcelain Goods/Grari ite-and C. O. Ware at bottom prices. We have an elegant assortment of Bohemian Glassware, and a select -stock of Rodgsrs & Bros. Silverware, suitable for Bridal and Birthday Presents. Also, a large stock of"beautiful Vases, Dolls, Toys, Ladies' Work Baskets, Bird Cages,: 'Feather Dusters, &c. =We <5on<inue to keep'on hand a large stock of Stoves and Tinware, which we wiH^iaaeheap as anybody. Ropffing, Guttering-and Repairing done on short notice. We invite yon to ca?.and see our stock. . JOHN E, PEOPLES & CO? isQCt&>1885. - 13 JOHN E. PEOPLES, Agent for the Celebrated Manufactured at Atlanta, Georgia; and to which Pre? miums were awarded at the Atlanta Cotton Exposition, Charleston Industrial Expo? sition Feb. 2,1882, and at the South * Carolina and Georgia State Fairs 1881. -mflE VAN WINKLE FEEDER AND CONDENSER can ba attached lo any X other Gin, so parties having other make of Gins and wishing Feeders or Condensers can be supplied by sending in their order in time, and I will guarantee. BfttisFcictioi] : All kinds of PULLEYS and SHAFTING and most IMPROVED CANE -MILLS and EVAPORATORS furnished to order. * Yan Winkle King Cotton Press Has long been before the public, and is too. well known to need any further description. Ics; chief points of merit are : It takes very little, room, is easily.handled, and takes so little pow? er; canj>e used on. all kinds of powers?horse, water or'steam. Ginning and packing can all go on at the same time, without interfering with the Gin. A two-inch belt will pack a 500 lb. bale of cotton. It saves its cost the first season in labor. Read the following testimonial: ; ?ndebson, S. C?Mr. John E. Peoples--Sir The Steam Power Van Winkle Cotton' Press bought from you last Fall has given entire satis? faction. I packed bales of cotton weighing 660 to 725 lbs. in five minutes with all ease, using a 4-inch belt and 25 lbs. steam. There did not .seem" any more Btrain on the Press than with a ^400 lb. bale. For durability, strength, lightness of power, small quantity of steam required, economy of space, I deem it the King of all Cotton Presses?especially so as the low, price at which it can be bought for puts it within reach of every man running a steam Gin. In fact I would not be without it for twice its cost. I would advise all my friends to buy one of Yan Winkle's Steam: Power Cotton. Presses, as you will save its coat in labor in one year. . . M. A. COBB. BOSS PRESS. I am Agent aleo for -the; "Boss-Hand and Power Presses," which are strong, eabily handled and. easily erected. STAR PRESS. I am Agent also for the Star Hand Press,.which gives general satisfaction. Suitable for traveling Ginsi TEE HALL SELF-FEEDING COTTON OUST, Manufactured at Sing Sing/N. Y., has given satisfaction wherever used: The saws are made of. the best.imported steel. The saw shaft is the largest made. An ex? amination of other Gins will convince you it is the most substantially built Gin in use. It never breaks the roll, and therefore does away with the expenso of the revolving head, as the secret of making the Gin to prevent its breaking the roll is in tho proper shape of tho roll bos. Every one should examine the improvements in tho Hall Gin made this year, especially the improvement in the Feeder. Second-hand Machinery. I have a lot of second-hand GINS and PRESSES, which are almost as good as new, that!will sell for about one-half the price of a new one. '.VST" Come in and see me and get prices before buying. June. 24, 1880 .. JOHN E. PEOPJi^S, 50 3m J. G. CLINKSCAIiES, Editor. "_' _,_[ Misa Maggie Graham has placed in our hands four copy books from her ? school at Deanville, and imposed upon us the difficult task of deciding their respective merits. In neatness, one of the important lessons to teach a child while teaching him to write, it would be a difficult matter to surpass these books. A skilled penman might be able to detect a difference of merit in these books ; we are free to confess that we can not, and would suggest that Miss Graham give no prize at all, or give one to every one of the four. We are now, July '9, in the midst of the Institute work. Interest in the work is increasing with every session among teachers and spectators. The teacher pupils' note-books are rapidly filling with valuable suggestions, and a fresh impetus is given the work of teaching in Ander? son County, which we hope may result in lasting benefit to the cause. About sixty teacher-pupils have been enrolled up to this time, and others are expected. This week, Prof. Morrison and Miss McOanta are doing all the work:. next week we look for Dr. 'L?nder and Prof. McArthur. Dr. Carlisle, of Spartanburgj delivered a very interesting and sugges? tive address before the Institute on the jnorningof the 7th'inst. Surely every teacher here has now a clearer idea of the wonderful power of the Arabic numbers. At night the same distin tinguished speaker delivered in theCourt House one of his characteristic speeches on "Teachers' Eegrets." Wednesday morning he gave the Institute a descrip? tion and history of Monteagle. It was not our privilege to hear either of the two talks, being a delegate to the Con? gressional Convention held in Seneca at that time. Dr. Manly, of Greenville, is to lecture for us this morning. He is well known to the people of Anderson, and the mere mention- of his name is suggestive of the treat in store for us. THE BECITATION-P-tPOSES. We conceive the purposes of the reci? tation to: be: 1. To ascertain what ideas the pupil ;bas,of the subject. 2. To -correct improper or incorrect ideas of the subject. 3. To interchange ideas. 4. To drill in use of language. - 5. To impress more firmly important ideas. 6. To ascertain the pupil's capabilities. 7. To awakeu and increase enthusiasm in study. It is of the utmost importance to the - teacher to know just what the pupil thinks concerning a subject, and to know whet her the thought which he may ex? press in language of the text is really the same thought to him. < The.first purpose of a recitation, then, is. to know what the pupil positively knows about his lesson, and in doing this the teacher will 6nd out what he does not know. Often much valuable time is lost in the recitation by assuming that the pupil knows what at length to the sorrow and oftentimes discomfiture of the. teacher he does not know. The skill of a teacher is displayed very largely in finding but precisely how much a pupil Ttnows and then in leading him carefully to see what he has before been unable to see. 'X Having found ont that there are mis? taken ideas as well as correct ones, it then, becomes necessary to lead him to see his error. Do not tell a pupil he has made a mistake if there is a possibility of getting him to see it himself. Some? times a thorough explanation by the teacher is necessary to save time and to prevent the. pupil from becoming too much ? confused,. but in most cases in? struction sbould.be given him in such a way that he: will -be enabled- to correct himself. :." ' "By interchanging ideas we mean com? municating ideas from one to another, the object of which should be to make a common stock of the results secured by each separate pupil's research of study. The object of interchanging ideas is not binly? to-correct a pupil's, false ideas of the subject, but also, and this is more im? portant, to enlarge inadequate ideas and to add new ones so that the /subject may appear before the class aaaeen from many different standpoints. Some results of such interchaugtrof ideas must be to lead a pupil to investigate more.widely to re? spect the opinions of others, and greatest of all, to prevent him from becoming ; one-sided on any subject. Every recitation can be and ought to be made a drill exercise in the use; of language. Pre eminently in this- age when there are so many things to. think of and talk about we need those who can express their thoughts correctly, pointed? ly andconcisoly on their first attempt. A recitation given in loose, slovenly work or; words, begets carelessness in.' manners and invites a confused operation of the mental activities. ? The recitation is; necessarily a review when the'subject matter is such as can be. learned and.comprehended by the pupil without aid during study hours. Then , as such its purpose is to impress more firmly important ideas by repetition. Then the work done in recitation should ' aiwas be in the order in which a subject out to be investigated and so clear as to impress itself forcibly,.on the memory. Nothing gives the earnest," consj^fe I tious teacher more pleasure than cS^tr1 able to see the minds of his pupils ?f? pand and grow strong under bis guidance*! and.direction. Do you. with any degree of accuracy know just what good you have dene your pupils in the last week, in the last month, in the last year? No better time or opportunity is offered to guage the capabilities of your pupils than during the recitation. Here the careful, thoughtful preparation of one will cause you to see the careless prepa? ration of another. Here the aptness of one will make prominent the dullness of another. You are then enabled to right? ly discriminate and give to each what is needed. It has been said truly that when, inter? est ceases advancement ceases. Every one that has tried to make up a term's work out of school knows what it is to need the enthusiasm of a recitation. No recitation is in a vefy large meas? ure successful unless it gives the pupils a desire to know more of the subject and a resolve to know more. But do not depend on the inspiration of the moment to suggest to you a meth- ? od of awakening enthusiasm, but know what to do and how this ought to be done.?F. B. Drcsslar, in American Edit' cator. ? What a murderous-looking villain the prisoner is 1" whispered the old lady to her husband in the police court room. "I'd be afraid to get near him." "Sh 1" warned her husband, "that isn't the pris? oner, he hasn't been brought in yet. It's thejudge." ? Fortune, always favors the brave, and never helps a man who does not help himself. r-: HO! FOR EUROPE. The Trip Across the Atlantic. ? Special Correspondence Anderson Intelligencer. Two friends, H. and V., bid adieu to friends and board the morning train at Sharon, Pa., bound for New York via Washington. After a pleasant stay of two days in the capital city we again take the cars and duly arrive in New York, where we meet by arrangement two friends from Sharon, F. and M. all bound for a three month's cycling tour in Europe. Our business is transacted as speedily as possible, engage lodging at the Grand Central Hotel and slumber while Mor pheus tells to each a little story about the cradle of the great deep: How on the morrow Neptune without the formal? ity of an introduction will grow familiar, and, like a mother, lay us down to rock, and unmindful of all that is "like lillies grow intensely white, wither, but unlike them cannot die." The following day we board the great steamship "City of Rome," the largest passenger vessel afloat, 586 feet in length; 52} feet in width, strongly and beautiful? ly constructed, employing 265 men, burn? ing 270 tons of coal per day. Precisely at 12 m. the gang plank was raised and the great floating palace steamed out of the harbor. Waving a good-bye to the multitude of friends upon the pier we turn our faces toward the blue waters of the Atlantic. We pass the foots of the Pe? destal of Barthold i Statuet, Coney Island> and drop our pilot off Sandy Hook. We are now upon salt water and our beloved country soon fades out in the distance. Farewell, the dearest spot on earth is now behind the midst. Our attention is now turned to the passengers on jboard. We are four of eight hundred, moat of them are of foreign birth returning to their fatherland. Only a few native born Americans. To us, belonging to the latter class; the ways of some of the would be elite are strangely peculiar.) But it is not our purpose in going abroad to criticise foreign dudes or censure cus-1 terns unlike our own, but we wish to see things as far as possible with unprejudic? ed eyes, and for a few months study at the feet of our foreign masters. The accom? modations of our boat are great, but limited to the saloon passengers. AH is done for them that can be done to make the voyage pleasant and enjoyable. But this is a foreign company run upon a European plan largely; and naturally ] there seems to be a great difference between the gentry and the supposed lower classes. So obvious is this that it has become proverbal among travelling people that the Anchor Line cares well for first class passengers but the second and third take care of themselves. The weather is unusually fine and most of the passengers are up on the decks and ?llv?eem to enjoy the beginning of the voyage except a few who are suffering from sea sickness. A sail now and then appears on the horizon, we watch it, de? termine, its course, and at last it sinks down behind the waters. Night comes on .and as the stars twinkle above us wc imagine that we are watching: them through the old kitchen window at home, and that the whistling of the wind through the rigging of the ship is the moaning, of the maple trees. Thus the first day of a sea-faring life is brought to a close. Our party rests well and we rise early and go upon deck. Why is it that we have been spared while dozens with scarcely strength enough to walk.have crawled up to get the morning air and.lie like dead.upon the floor ? We c?u only give them onr sympathy, for there is no cure for sea sickness only to brave it out. The second day closes like the first and we "turn in" again to sleeps The third day we become more acquainted with each other, and in turn we relate a story or sing. a song, frequently singing some Gospel hymn, together. Now and then some one attempts to do or say something funny that we may all indulge in a good hearty laugh. - Our attention is frequent? ly drawn to the lower deck by an old fiddler, who says "He's been to Amerika to play for. weddings and dances." We haye listened attentively to him several ;times and conclude that any one who can listen ' with any degree of pleasure or even patience the chances are he won't be sea sick. But honor is due to the most feeble attempt to cheer up the disconso? late on. board- ship, so three cheers for Old Ireland. Space does not permit of writing at length of the many characters on board, so for a change let us take a trip | down in the steerage. It is dinner time and about three hundred persons with cups.Jin pans, .wash dishes, etc. are wait? ing for their repast. Great cans of soup, great tubs of tnent, great kettles of pota? toes dealt out without the least observ? ance of table etiquet. Long racks with . a capacity for holding fifty or one hun? dred persons are used for domilories. Now imagine, kind reader, three huudred people, Dutchmen, Englishmen, Italians, Yankees and others chucked in one above another like mail in a U. S. postoffice, to Bleep and in a room with little air and less light. Do you wonder that passen? gers are sea sick ? < I believe a two ounce bottle full of this atmosphere would make ; any respectable Americau sick fifty miles from salt water. I am growing weaker I now and- I must-basten . upon deck. - Night comes.on and the third day comes to a close.. This is the 29th of May and we remember tbat to-day our friends will ('scatter flowers upon the graveB of the honored dead. We cannot help but think of homo and how appropriate it would be if we bad a few of your beauti-. ful flowers to decorate the graves of them. [ that ? sleep beneath the rolling deep. Another day is gone. Sunday is bright and beautiful. We attend church ser ' vices in the saloon and had the pleasure of hearing, a sermon from the Right Rev. The'Lord Bishop of Carlisle. This was the event of the day. All quiet at even? ing. We lie down and wait anxiously for.the morrow. It comes, but dark and gloomy. Our spirits are heavy and we are getting tired of sea life. We have counted the hours before landing over and over again. We look at the water and imagine we are making better time, but the sailors warrant us that we will not see land before Wednesday night and that we will not reach Liverpool before Thursday night. We console each other and lie down to sleep. Tuesday morning cold and cloudy. Passed a vessel of the Cunard Line bound for New York thirty eight hours out of Queenstown. We take courage and are jubilant and happy. The day is quiet. At evening a concert was beld in the grand saloon. It was a brilliant affair but space will not permit of commenting upon it and will merely mention the names of those who partici? pated : Herr F. Sinzig, Miss Jessie ;Alsop, Mr. Harry Paultin, Signor Carlo Dia mondi, Mr. J. G. Hill, tho Wood family, Signor A. Tornasi, Nat. 0. Goodwin, Mr. T. J. Vivian, A. J. Vickers. The enter? tainment waa to.close with tho. "Star Spangled Banner" and "God Save;the' Queen." What few Americans- wefe presont hadn't tho courage to sing the former. The latter met with a hearty response. A collection^for the-benefit of aged seamen was taken and- twenty-six and one-half pounds sterling wore the receipts. ' Wednesday morning cold and rainy, tho sea heavier, and tho sailors are lashing down everything loose about tho decks, We have digested our last square meal, I suppose for they say that this is a sure sign of a storm, and that the fortunate must soon share the fate of the unfortu? nate. We are ready "Blow ye your trumpet." Morning, we are still alive, kind Providence in his mercy changed the course of the winds, and the storm has passed around. Land 1 Land 1 is echoed along the decks, we hastened up, and the rocks of Old Ireland loom up in the distance. None but they who have passed over the great waters can put a true estimate on the value of a little real estate. We arrive at Queenstown. Two small boats called tenders meet us some distance from land, and. take off mail, passengers and baggage bound for the Emerald Isle. We wave a good-bye as our vessel steams majestically up the Channel. We pass Fukor Light House at 11.20, Holly Head, Skerries Bocks, beautiful spots on the sea, and reach harbor at Liverpool at 11 p.m. Van De Venter. A Handsome'Fiend. We were at the Air Line Junction, just out of Toledo, and the four or five of us waiting for the same train became quite friendly, as men will under the .circumstances. We were but on the platform when a train came in from the otber way, and about a dozen passengers got off. All of a and dec a middle aged man with a bald head and a professional look about him?be was one of the five of us who were waiting?gave utterance to one of the biggest oaths in the swear? ing calendar, and took a step or two for? ward. We saw that bis attention had been attracted to a good looking woman who was in the company of a rather old? ish and good looking man. The woman left her husband?for so the man proved to be?and walked right up to bur friend and held out her hand and said: "Shake 1. Charlie! You aren't looking exactly well. Divorce and all that doesen'fc seem to agree with you first-rate. Let me introduce you to my hub." "No I Never I" gasped the man, whose face was as white as a sheet. "Ob, well, just as you please. He's a good feller and be wouldn't be jealous. Got your second wife picked out, old boy?" ' "For God's sake go away ?" "All right, Charlie, but I supposed you'd be glad to see me. We didn't get along together very well as man and wife, but we shouldn't lay up 'any grudges. How's the folks at home?, How?8 your business doing? Anybody dead or married since I left?' Say, Charlie, what did the papers say about me, anyhow ?" He held up his bauds as if to keep her back, and she laughingly said: "Bah ! but I ain't going to hurt you I If you are going to stop here for an hour or two come up to our room and we'll talk over old times." With that she bowed and turned away, while our friend began pacing the long platform. One of the others understood the case and whispered to us: "He was divorced from her two years ago, and it nearly drove him crazy. She was and is a scheming, heartless, faith? less woman. Lands! but how dare she talk to him after that fashion !" About fifteen minutes to train time we went in to see about our luggage, leaving the man-still walking. We had scarcely left the platform before a special came dashing past: We heard the whistle and the bell and the roaring, and the sounds had. not died away when there was a shout of horror from the platform. The divorced husband had flung himself un? der the train, and when it had passed, his body was a mangled corpse. The woman came down from the sit? ting room into the crowd and asked what had happened.. Someone, told her that a man had .flung himself under the wheels, and she was given a description of the victim. "Why, that's my old Charlie!" she ex? claimed as she raised her hands. "Now, what could have possessed him to do such a thing! Why, it's so funny?so very, very funny that he'd let himself be ground up that way!" She ran back to the edge of the crowd to tell her husband, and as she explained the horror to him she tapped him on the shoulder and said: . "Now, then, you won't be jealous of me again, will you?"? Detroit Free Press. ATLANTA'S JOLTFICATION. The Town Goos Dry Amid the Telia and Shouts of Drunken Crowds. Atlanta. July 1.?Atlanta has gone (dry. At 1 this morning the town is hav? ing a midsummer Christmas. The streets are full of veiling boys, and men who have been in at. the death and will wake up this afternoon with parched throats and swelled heads. At 12 o'clock the doors were closed in all the bar rooms of the city, and most of them were crowded with a drinking and drunken mob. At one popular saloon for two hours before closing the bar was crowded by men yelling, singing, shaking hands generally in good humor, but occasionally joining in a rough and tumble scrimmage in which curses and blows, were thick and stalwart. Four policemen, with drawn clubs, were mingled in the crowd to keep comparative order and prevent serious harm. The crowd have turned it into a sort of jollification night, and the police are allowing them as much latitude as possible. Only four cases have been so obstreperous as to cause arrest. There have been no shooting or serious difficul? ties of any sort, and Atlanta has entered upon her great experiment with much noise, but no bloodshed. It is safe to say there are more drunken men in Atlanta to-night than any night in a year past. Despite tbe rain, they are marching around the Kim ball House and through the streets in merry, noisy parties, sing? ing drinking songs and yelling at the tops of their voices. One of the most interesting features of the day was the great number of jugs, bottles and demi? johns seen on the streets. To tho observ? er who occupied a position near the cor? ner of Peachtree and Marietta streets jugs were always in sight.- Old men," young men, negro men, negro women, poor men and well-to-do men could be seeu moving in almost any direction with a bottle, jug or demijohn in hand. Some carried them openly and independently, while others had them securely wrapped in paper and carefully stowed away under one arm, so as to attract as little attention as possible. Jugs were swung about, with an air and freedom never before seen in Atlanta. If a man bad owned 5,000 jugs yesterday morning in Atlanta, and the jugs had been his, be could have gone to bed last night rich., Money could not buy a jug yesterday. There were none in town. Tuesday at noon G. B. Stewart, on Peters street, received 2,500 jugs and yesterday after? noon was down town trying to buy more. One firm received three days ago two car loads, and ye?terday wanted more, but could not get them. Tbe day of prohibi? tion has come and the world still moves on its accustomed orbit. Atlanta is dry "and hit er rainin'." ? ? The bad little boy of Home, New York, has invented a machine for scaring timid persons that he says "knocks the window tick-tack silly." When night has come and everything is shrouded in gloom, he quietly inserts tho hook of a common shoe buttoner under a clapboard of a neighbor's bouse, ties a strong cord to tho handle of the buttoner, and then, drawing tho string tight, rubs it with a piece of rosin. The horrible rumbling and shaking and groaning that follow scare the inmates of the bouse and do light the bad boy. Farmers' Goljjmn, SZS* Communications from our Farmers on any matter pertaining to Agriculture, are respectfully solicited for this column. SOME COMMON CAUSES OP FAILURE TO SUCCEED IN FARMING, An Essay Bead by Col. W. E. Walters Be? fore the Storevllle Farmers' Club, find Published by Request. Gentlemen: Having been appointed to write an easay for this meeting, with the privilege of selecting my own subject, I confess that I hare bad much difficulty in deciding upon a subject altogether suitable and appropriate. Not that there is any sparsenes3 in the way of subjects appropriate to our system of agriculture, to our circumstances and surroundings, but from the multitude of subjects, it is difficult to determine which would be most appropriate. On every hand and from every section, especially of our Sunny South, we hear the cry of herd times, and tbe poverty and consequent failure of our agricultural population. "Farming don't pay" is heard on every hand, and its truth vouched for by thous? ands of witnesses from sad, though real, experience, as the great mass of our farming population are growing poorer and poorer each successive year. Lions aud mortgages cover the country and its productions to an extent which is pitiable and alarming. Indeed, the dire calamity of our position, aud the urgent necessity of relief and assistance at once, has called for organization among farmers, and a universal casting about for help, imme? diate help, to save the sinking ship of our agriculture. And under such cir? cumstances, it is easy to perceive the great.danger of doing the wrong things, or even the right things in the wrong way. No people, therefore, can more appropriately adopt that maxim of wis? dom, "make baste slowly," than the or? ganization of farmers in South Carolina in seeking relief from oppression aid environment, for any mistake in this di? rection will simply augment our disaste rs and increase our distress. And while there are many things which affect our interest and deserve legislation and cor? rection, and should be urged and insist 3d ; upon by the farmers in the approaching 'election, yet I have decided to omit their discussion in this essay, and apply mysulf to the discussion of "some of the com? mon causes of failure to succeed in farm ing.? T 1st. Tbe want of a fixed purpose and determination to choose, study and pur? sue tbe cultivation of the soil as the avo? cation of life. ? The effort to make out of it a simple living; to cultivate the land after the common custom of the countiy, until something better and more promis? ing in its remuneration shall open up, is a feeling and sentiment which is preva? lent and general among the farmers. How readily the farmer abandons bis farm, on which he was born and raised, and where he has spent more than he.If of the probable life of his manhood, aud with what eagerness he enters other avo? cations more promising (though visiona? ry and'more uncertain) is wonderful to every dispassionate observer. Farming as a makeshift, a last and only resort, upon general principles can never suc? ceed. What lawyer, physician or mer? chant ever su :cc eded in their avocation who pursued it only till something better should open up ? None. So the farmers who are the most successful are those who study and pursue their avocation us the choseu and fixed business of their lives, and with unflinching zeal and per? severance, determine to make it succeed. To such, failures seldom come. And while it is desirable that our. young men of ability, and education should devo>;e themselves to farming, yet if they settle upon the farm as a dernier resort, and only for the time being, in nine cases out of ten a failure will be the result, and it would'perhaps have been as well for them and the country if they had never undertaken it. If.you would succeed, make it your choice, your business; 2nd. The failure to devote our entiiro time to it. While it is not true of all, yet by far the great majority of farmers only work a few months in :he year, ssy from six to eight months, while the other months are spent in comparative idle? ness. How common to see people iu the country, of every class, for from four \.o. six months iu the year unemployed, and if questioned they say "we are tbroug h with our work," or "we have caught tip with our work and have nothing to do." This'is an extravagant waste of time by the farmer, which no management, how? ever judicious, can overcome, and shou Id not be practiced, allowed or counten? anced. If everything .is done which the necessities and well-being of the farm require?, there will not bo a day but what each and every hand may be profitably employed. All contracts with laborers, whether they work for wages or a part of the crop, should embrace their entire time. It would redound to the interest of all parties, making the labor more systematic and consequently more valua? ble, and the employer could afford to pay; better wages. Is not the sterility and poverty of our soil in a great measu -e attributable to that common waste of time, which could be so well spent in its preservation and improvement ? "How glad I would be to ditch, terrace and save my land," and "how glad I would be ito improve this poor Boil, if I only had the time and ability," are remarks heard upon every side, and yet one-third of the time of those who say bo is spent in idle? ness. Tho lawyerIb most prosperous and successful who can always be found ;it his place of business, up with his pro? fession and ready at all times to attend to business entrusted to him. And in all this broad land there is no place where work, profitable work, can more easily be found for willing bands to do than on the farm. If eight months' labor do not bring compensation and living for twelve months, need we be surprised? Time is money, and if farming be your avocation, give it your time. 3rd. The want of system in the.care of and attention to the necessary took, im? plements, vehicles and stock kept upen the farm. The plows and hoes scattered over the plantation, often not to be four, d when most needed; the plow-Btocks, planters, barrows and other like imple? ments have been strangers to a shelter since the day they were bought from the merchant's shop ; the wagons and bug? gies,, especially if a little worn, even where shelters are built for them, for more than one-half of the time stand ex? posed 'to tbe sun and rain. All these have cost money. They are au absolute necessity, and yet like a worthless piece of timber when not in use, are throwu down to rust and rot. The cows, poor things, aro allowed to glean the rocky bills for a bare sustenance in summer; to stand the rain, sleet and snow of win* ter, and to subsist upon a few cotton seei, with a scanty allowance of shucks thrown to them in the mud, and are then expect? ed to furnish tho family with milk ard butter. If they do not do this, they aro poor con.-; aud not worth tho keeping As- they stand dripping and shivering from head to heel, do you not pity them from the bottom of. your heart, and won? der that they live at all ? How we wouiid like to have shelters for them, if we only had time, yet we have been up with our work and bad nothing to do. The lean and lanky shoats stand squealing in a wet and muddy pen, and tell of neglect and carelessness wholly inexcusable. 4th. The failure to properly make, care for and use the manure, which could be easily made upon the farm. It is said, "if we were only able to keep more stock, then we could make more manure and save the expense of buying so much com? mercial manure." But wnere is the ma? nure from the stock kept? From the cow lot, during every rain, we see it drift? ing away, and as more is dropped the next rain washes it away. From the hog pen, in which large quantities of corn have been fed, we realize little or no manure. It is doubtless true, as esti? mated, that the manure made' by a cow with proper attention and application will fully compensate for the feed neces? sary to keep her. How can the farmer prosper, and buy, not once, but year after year, the manure which he has and thus permits from idleness and inattention to be swept away. From our barnyards and lots each successive rain bears off our substance on its tides. 5th. Unwise and inadequate prepara? tion and cultivation of our land, and in? attention to its preservation and develop? ment. This arises partly from habit and from a disposition to cultivate too much land. So, many acres must be planted to the horse, whether prepared or not, and whether the land is worth cultivating or not. Is it not true that vast quantities of land are cultivated in every community, in* even exhaustive crops, that can not possibly pay the cost of cultivation? Plant such lands to crops that will im? prove them or let them rest. Many ditches and terraces were broken during the recent freshets for the want of atten? tion and repairs at. the proper time. The farmer knew it, and intended to repair it, but postponed it from time to time until it was too late. The washes remain as monuments of the carelessness and inattention of the farmer. Cultivate only so much as you can prepare, enrich and preserve, and thereby save your land, your labor and increase your income. 6th. The failure to raise upon the farm the necessary supplies for the support of man and beast. "It is cheaper to buy it, than it is to raise it," is a common senti? ment falling from the lips of all, as applied to almost everything we need and use. Our tools, vehicles, clothing, bread and bacon, and in fact all we consume, is bought. In a climate like ours, and with a soil like ours, there can be no good reason why we shall not be self supporting and independent upon our farms. Sow hot only more grain, and plant more corn, but devote more time and attention, to the growing of such truck crops as will give support to man and beast. All cotton, to the exclusion of everything else, is not only a danger? ous, and. unwise policy, but has bank? rupted nearly our entire population. If you argue, we are in debt, and.are with? out the means of living, and are forced to plant cotton to liquidate our debts, is it not clear that without a change it is only a matter of time when the end will be reached, and the storm in its fury will burst on us ? Diversify your crops, raise everything you need, and then the dawn ing of a better day will have begun. 7th. An effort to farm entirely beyond our ability. This results in the purchase of stock and supplies upon time at enor? mous rates of profit, and sinks its follow? ers, year after year, deeper and yet deeper iu debt. No agricultural people can ever permanently prosper and even pay ten per cent, interest on money invested in their business. If so; history, so far as I know, does not furnish us a single examp'e. And. yet the farmer pays $1.00 per bushel for corn worth 75 cents, and from 9 to 10 cents for bacon worth from 6 to 6} cents, and other things in proportion or - at similar rates. These debts from now will be due in four months, and makes the premium for credit from 100 to 200 per cent. How can success or prosperity atteud such management'? Why assume such em? barrassment, when the end can not be otherwise than disastrous? Farm within your means is a truth, the importance of which should be impressed upon every farmer in South Carolina. If we have large farms, and are unable to cultivate them without resort to a course and policy so unwise, it would be better to sell off-or even allow part of them to grow up than to undertake to cultivate the whole upon supplies, stock and im? plements purchased at such ruinous rates. 8tb~. Not only the purchase of supplies, and necessities at such ruinous rates, but the purchase of many things which are not necessary, To keep up with the fashion, to purchase many unnecessary things because others do so, constitutes a very large part of the annual expenses of the farming population. It is not neces? sary that farmers should go to the other extreme, and cultivate habits of stingi? ness and meanness, but buy such things only as constitute a part of the necessities, of comfortable living. Abandon every item of uselessness in living and dressing, and a vast amount of money will be saved. If any article'is peddled through the country and offered for sale, upon notes payable in the fall, no difference at what price it is offered, or how compara? tively-worthless it may be, or~bow many conditions or waivers the notes of credit may have, all are aware that the sales in nine cases out of ten of such goods are enormous. .No people have certainly ever lived who were more unsuspecting, more credulous, and have allowed them? selves to be so repeatedly, incessantly and continuously fleeced and humbugged as the tillers of the soil in the South. From the smallest catch-pennies, which call for dimes;- to the most gigantic swindles, in -speculation, endowments and futures, find the; working people of the South ready year after year to invest aud lose their bard-earned money. Will it never cease ? is- often asked, and if we are to judge the future by the past, the answer would evidently be "never, never." ? '? 9th. General improvideace, '"thriftless ness and watchfuluess; or might it not be truthfully said, the utter want of management. Through the heat of Bummer, work, work, day after day, to kill out the grass,' and if success fails to crown the effort, quietly allow it to go to seed and remain for the killing frosts and rains of winter to kill or destroy; allow the stock to suffer in winter for the want of it, and then buy and haul hay from the market- to wage the warfare for an? other year. This not only once, but year after year. In summer the earth sponta? neously produces much that would greatly supplement the cultivated crops in the sustenance of beasts, and conse? quently of.man, that is all permitted to go to waste, and to be utterly lost. No thought and preparation -for the long, rainy and dreary days of winter until they have come. From the smallest items, even the bread crumbs that fall from the table to the grain that is threshed or husked and garnered, there is everywhere (with here and there a laudable exception) a wasteful misman? agement that is wholly inexcusable. That which we permit to go to-waste would enrich a more thrifty and provi? dent population. Is it true, or can I even say so in an essay like this, that in many things which could be turned to admirable and profitable account, that the invariable inquiry in 'substance is, "Is the com shelled?" and if not, then comes the mandate, "Drive on the cart." I had intended extending the enumera? tion of causes of failure, but. have not bad the time, aud besides this essay is already too long.' Enterprise, economy: and application to business should bo the watchwords of the farmers of the South,. and are more likely to br;ng relief from the present environment and bestow greater rewards upon future effort, tban much of the promised legislation can ever do. Asking your pardon for trespassing so much upon your time, allow me to say, in conclusion, that, whenever tbe farmers shall conduct their avocation upon that system, and subject to such rules, to such method and application as alone insure success in any avocation ; whenever they shall, as a mass, become self-supporting and self-sustaining, then will a brighter, better day have dawnpd^4>pe<rt?nrSeri cultural population, and that heaven appointed way of obtaining a sustenance occupy that position to which it is now, ever has been and ever will be entitled in the estimation of all men. ' Respectfully, W. E. Walters. ALCOHOL AS A MEDICINE. A Now Departure Suggested to tbe Medi? cal Profession. There is, just now, no topic more time? ly, or of greater vital interest than; that of the use or abuse of alcoholic prepara? tions for medicinal purposes. The pres? ent year seems to make an important era in the progress and developmet of this long-mooted question, and even tbe most eminent medical men, before the, most important medical organizations, have dared to boldly proclaim, in no unmistak? able language, their firm and well ground belief that in no form is alcohol a necessity for the treatment of disease in the human family. The distinguished President of the Alabama Medical, Association, at its recent annual meeting in Anniston, advanced this doctrine in his formal address as follows: Though it is anticipating to some ex? tent what I desire to present to this body, I have regarded it as not Inappropriate to say in the outset that while I have no adverse word for what are called temper-; ance ov total abstinence organizations, I do not speak as their representative, hav? ing no connection with them and not being bound by any pledge to advocate their views or practice their prohibition, but what I have to say upon this occasion is from a purely professional standpoint, and is intended to be a discussion of the use and abuse of alcoholic liquors as strictly related to the science and art of medicine. But having said so much, I cannot ignore the fact that the medical profession is regarded, to a very large? extent, as furnishing one ? of .the most serious obstacles in the way of the great moral reform, which is agitating the world in connection with the effort to suppress tbe liquor traffic, and it there? fore seems to be appropriate to consider seriously the questions, to what extent, if at all. this is true, and if true, is there sufficient justification in auy therapeutic advantage for the existing use of alco? holic liquors by medical men? From recent reflections as to the facts in the case, I am disposed to admit the correct? ness of the-impeachment referred to, and to question whether there is auy adequate compensation for the support which is now given to this legalized evil through the-demand of the physician for alcoholic liquors for therapeutic purposes. Indeed, I am strongly inclined to the conclusion that no greater delusion has been im? posed upon the Medical Profession or the world than the*idea that there is anything really beneficial in alcoholic liquors, in either health or disease, that cannot be substituted. It can hardly now be doubted that alcohol is the real principle upon' which medical reliance is placed in all these compounds which go under the general term of spirituous liquors,, and as the result of the most careful and scientific observations upon the part of a number of competent observers as to . the effects of alcohol upon the human body in health, it may be stated with absolute certainty that it is .antagonistic to all physiological operations, and fur? nishes no aid whatever to any vital pro? cess; but on the contrary, the normal ac? tivities are diminished^ as strikingly man? ifested by a depressed temperature and a decreased muscular power. * * * In reply to the question, as to any com? pensating advantage to the human fami? ly in the relief of disease, for the incal? culable injury inflicted in the production of disease and the demoralization of hu? manity by the countenance given to its use and traffic through its recommenda? tion as a medicinal agent,.! would.say that there is, in my judgment, no conclu? sive evidence that alcohol has any more power in rectifying morbid processes and removing disease than it has in promot? ing the vital processes in a state of health. I will go still farther and assert that alco? holic liquors, whatever may be the un demonstrated advantages, have no abso? lutely defined place in therapeutics and cannot be proven to occupy any distinct? ive or legitimate position as agents for the treatment of disease; that there are the most discordant, loose and undefined views in our approved medical works as to their application, and practically no exact therapeutic rules clearly established as to their modus operandi in special dis? eases, or as to tbe quantity in which they are to be administered, and thus lacking all - recognized essential elements of ap? proved-and 'reliable medicinal agents. While this is to a great extent true in re? gard to simple alcohol, it <4s to a much greater extent true in reference to -bran? dy, whiskey, -rum, gin, wine and the legion of malt liquors, all of which are prescribed by medical men, and tbe peo? ple, following their example, with the' most reckless disregard to the systematic and definite purpose supposed to properly belong to the use of agents which have obtained a fixed place in tbe tiuiiefia nsedica. To which' may be added"the notorious adulteration of all formtfof the liquors referred to, destroying-reliance upon them as" medicinal agents, even to the limited extent of which there may be any proof they deserve even when pure, from the admixture of injurious and in many instances of poisonous ingredients, as well as from the varying and oncer tain quantities of alcohol which they contain. While I have been making progress in the direction of the conviction that alco? hol aud its admixtures, used as a bever- ? age, may possibly be dispensed with .as medicinal agents, I will only go-so far at present as to say that their use should be discontinued, unless some more definite knowledge of their proper application can be presented. Some of our most en? lightened medical men are now having their attention especially, directed to a consideration of the question how far, if at all, alcohol is beneficial as a remedy in certain diseases for which it has long been prescribed. I have for a number of years condemned its use in consumption, as not only not beneficial, hut as abso? lutely injurious, by the aggravation of the malnutrition which is one of the most conspicuous and essential elements of the disease; and it is now asserted with confidence, to which I am strongly disposed to accede, that its use is really in some cases the cause of certain forms of the disease. The tendency manifestly 'is, among some of our most intelligent medical observers, to abandon its use in this disease, and'thus drive it out from one of its principal strongholds. I think I cau say with perfect candor, in a very laborious and extended professional-; life, 1 cannot recall a half dozen instances in which I really believed that life had been saved by alcoholic liquors, and tbe incli? nation of my mind is strongly toward the conviction that the time will come, at no very distant day, when alcohol in any of its forms will no longer bo recog? nized as a medicinal agent,' beyond its value as a menstruum, extractive and presorvativ-i igent, or as the-source from which may be obtained some one or more innocuous and possibly beneficial ele merits. And even before <?ej|| when the physician will scribe it, the government, will-B tax and thus protect and. foster Oil mous evil involved'in its irafficV ' While individually I do. not hesi say that ' I would greatly rejoice exchange of the present status -<> holic preparations for their entire pation, believing, as I do most sol that their use, even by physician* unsettled and unscientific manj whicbH?ey^u^Uargel|Areccribci| infinite evil, ana^ear^bt-in an compensated by whatever of good rived therefrom; yet I fully r the fact that many intelligent an able physicians, who-have'".my,-; regard alcoholic liquors in .Enrne f important to them in tberdischi their professional duties. I fully nizethe fact, whateverT-may in ally think or the present use of ale anticipate of the. future, as ahe* * cated, that the time has not arri may never come, when. tbe^S?f? deny to the physician the use. of i alcohol, based as it is on his pi * to the exercise of his best judg the most perfect independence^! the limits of profe^ional appro^ the selection of remedies for the ment of disease. But if it is. ind sable and must be furnished, let done under such restrictions and, such supervision as obtain in ? the sale of other poisons,-end lessen to the greatest possible dej liability to a perversion of tbe ^i even if it should be necessary to "i and hold accountable its own" age*rit the language of the -distinguish'* Richardson, "On the other side, J mon fairness to. scientific progrje professors of healing ought so i scribe alcohol that nothing shall t ing in accuracy, of prescriptiq t <?xact quantity, the exact "quality exact purity of the alcohol ongb?| known and due provision madeit'""! what is right in respect to quant' ity and purity. To prescribe w out knowing whether the: er' wine contains ten, fifteen or cent, of alcohol," to prescr without knowing the'percenta"^ hoi, or whether all the alco Suits iH ethylic alcohol or a?,r cohols; to prescribe^ eithe spirits or ales without askirJ other chemical'bodies tban i or are not present in them, ia;^ cribing ?,t- all. It is the di physician to order in fact.: remedy, to define the dose and j: the administration with the sar^ if he were prescribing Opiut chloral or other poisonous or at edy." While no man can ga absolute fairness of such requirerner deny the imperative obligation^ it.is an undeniable and . lament that no such-practice obtains ani knowledge exists as, would enajj physician ti come up to the full " of "duty as here set forth. Wh'i inevitable obligation arising fror state of. facta ? Manifestly^ establish the use of alcohol ^ cinalTagent upon a scientific bi ite'special and accurate therap tails and applications, orabandj; Bat notwithstanding a large.] the profession are still bound' fy traditions of thei past, the reaking and the evidences of are not lacking, and ere many;^ reproach npon the profession" with alcohol will have disappe Diphtheria. Diptheria is a terriable disc when it breaks out in a school; family where there are several c unless the very best ? precanf observed, it is likely to spread,"! disease that may be commanicaj one person to another. . It is coi Regarding the different mea^ires? ed to prevent the spread o'fthis " we very, greatly prefervthe. fu burning suiphur. We - 1 the' most effectk can use for thepC_ spread of diphtber families where several chiWren'J ed, and it has a salutary effect) already suffering from the du have had the care of scores of patients, and we can refer to c her of families of children wt disease was limited to one child* verily believe that the fumes 0? Bulphur were instrumental in pi the spread of the disease in thf In ail cases where diptheria br in a school, no children , should bc^ mitted to go to the school from .he' where the dbease exists. After sc hours, in the evening, the school' ro should be thoroughly fumigated with, phur. This should be done daily; the house should be free from these]] fumes during school hours, for the w ing and .sneezing that might reeultli the. sulphur fumes would create' * annoyanceand confusion. Where d tberia prevails in a family,, the patients, if there are two. or three i ed at the same time, should be is confined to one room, and'all the chij not affected should be kept An.[ remote 'part of the house, or from the house entirely if pra In. either case, whether any of dren are removed from the hous every room, including the-one by the patient, should be fumigai sulphur twoor three.?i'ues daily. . The^m?st convenient method of gating is to drop a small pinch of stdj upon a hot stove, if/there- is< room; if there be no stove in a few coals on a shovel or other ? ent utensil may be carried into and.the sulphur may be droppe coals. A little experience wili^ enable anyone to determine bow j sulphur to burn in each room, It i necessary to fill the room so fuH'ol sulphur fames as to suffocate us71 we happen to burn a little too mucj Ehur in any given case, and the f: ecome offensive, the doors and win; can be opened for a minute or two. ' I . Other disinfectants may be empl< but these sulphur fumes will pern every. crevice in the houseV'' breathed by us, our clothes with them, and withal we regard t the most practical and effectual m. of di?infection? against thef:' of diphtheria that can be": And where diphtheria prevajj parents fear ite outbreak among children, they should resort to snigh fumigate daily, whether diphtbitfM appeared in the house or.not7-tln^ prevent its outbreak in families.; might otherwise 3uffer from it; At this precaution does not cost - much,1; can do no harm.. These sulphur, will do us no injury,?At Journal. ? Frederick Douglass, orator, in a recent letter to W. Bird, of llassachnsetts, k of President Cleveland, said j Republican and did all T could-tc the1 election of Mr. Cleveland. under no political obligations fa whatever, yet I held the office of' nearly a whole year under his]' tration, an office by law, held nj term, but solely at tho pleasu-_ President. While in office Presi Cleveland treated me as he treated] officeholders in the District; ip Republican, and, if Hving, shall 4$ can to elect a Republican in,188S-4 honor manliness wherever Itinikf1 I found it in President Cleveland? should despise myself if I anybody think otherwise, else he may be, ho is-.nota snei not a coward," oZ^M^