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BT E. B. MUREAT & CO. ANDERSON, S. C, THURSDAY MOENING, APBIL 22, 1886. VOLUME XXI.?NO. 41. Column, J. G. OLINKSCALES, Editor. W j are glad to learn that Miss Prince has entirely recovered, after a short but painful illness, and has resumed her labors at the Generostee Academy. The hew school house at Mt. Bethal is a well constructed, comfortable and con? veniently arranged building. All honor "to the leading spirits of that community. We have on our list the names of six first-class teachers who want work during i the summer months. If you need such a teacher, now is your time to apply. Our object is to stock the County with first-class teachers iu every respect. j Miss Nora Hubbard sends us quite a number of Language Lesson exercises written by a class of little girls under nine years of ago. The excellence of! the papers speaks well for the aptness of the pupils and the earnestness of their teacher. The value of such exercises is incalculable. We are glad to see many of our teachers waking up to its impor? tance. The School Bell, that excellent little educational journal published at Mid dleton, Ohio, comes to us, well filled with suggestive and helpful reading matter. It costs only fifty cents, and could not fail to stimulate any thoughtful teacher or student into whose hands it might fall. Have a copy of it sent for one year to your dullest pupil; it will pay him and pay you. - How manj'papers do you take? The teacher can no more afford to be without papers and books to help him in his work than the lawyer or the doctor can afford to do without the books and papers in his library. How can a workman do good work without good tools? It is unreasonable to expect it. Keep good tools and use- -them. Better keep a few choice books and papeis and use them advantageously than have a surplus and get but little help from any. The Southwestern Journal of Education finds its way to this office again, and seems to be increasing in value with 'every issue. Let our teachers call and take a a peep at its contents. vVe will give yon as comfortable seat as this office affords, and allow you as much time as you desire for its perusal. Here, too, we have the Teachers' Institute, the Carolina Teacher and others. If you do not feel able to take one or more of these papers, call at this office when you come to town and spend at least an hour in reading what they have to say. It will pay you. Mr. Editor: Please give notice through your Teachers' Column that our public schools of Belton Township will close on Friday, April 30th. Our schools have been progressing steadily but surely, and we feel real proud of our teachers, both colored and white. J. M. Geer. [The schools in Belton Township have been doing well, and their success is at tributable, in a great measure, to the wisdom and watchfulness of the efficient Board of Trustees.?Ed.] Have you read an account of the de? livery of Mr. Gladstone's great speech ? May your pupils not get through you an insight into the great statesman's Irish plan ? and may you not, by thoughtfully commenting on the occasion and effects of its delivery, inspire .hem with a burning desire for a more extensive acquaintance with the passed and cur* rent history of the mother country? Surely, in this time of many papers, there is not a teacher in Anderson Coun? ty who has failed to see some account of the proposed measure, at least enough to give them a tolerable acquaintance , with its purpose and its probable effects. Each day writes its own history. Our own National legislation is discussed and criticised from a hundred different stand? points. Men and measures are both alike targets for the arrows of the dis? gruntled or aspiring editors. Let the watchful teacher take the pains to cull therefrom such events and incidents as go to make up the history of our couu try. . We notice that the farmers terrace their land, improve their dwellings, build new barus, build fish ponds, and reno? vate their churches. How about the school houses? If you who sit in the church only two hours perhaps during the month feel the necessity for better seats, how is it with the children who must ait six hours a day aud week after week on rough slabs during the long hot summer days or the cold days of Decem? ber? How about it? Candidly, now, don't you think it is about time you were turning your attention to this matter? You are beginning to appreciate the im? portance of having good tenant houses on your farm. You admit that your en? terprising neighbor who has spent some money in the erection of comfortable tenant bouses, other things being equal, ^tands the best chance for getting the ynost reliable renters. Good teachers want comfortable school houses. Build them if you expect the services of the best. You can not afford to risk your stock in dilapidated stables ; you do risk the health and lives of your children, iu many instances, when you send them to the unsightly shells you call school houses. Commencements and exhibitions will soon be in order. Colleges and schools will soon wind up the session's work. How will it be at yours? Do you make that occasion the event of the session ? Do you do as is sometimes done, "slack up" the regular work about two months before the exhibition, and give your at? tention almost exclusively to preparation for tbat momentous occasion? These exhibitions serve a good purpose when properly managed, but they should not be allowed to make a monopoly of the teacher's and students' energies. Why "let up" on the regular recitation ? A boy will feel better and the time will appear to fly much more rapidly if he is required to do full duty with his text books and put forth extra energies to meet the pressing demands of the ap? proaching exhibition. But let us not be misunderstood. We would not appear to discount, or even discourage, these an? nual celebrations. Where boys are con? cerned, they are a necessity; and we trust that all our schools that run long enough to make the necessary prepara? tion contemplate having such exercises. We had the pleasure, a short time ago, of attending a meeting of the Mt. Bethel Debating Society. The young men and boys did well, remarkably well, for their opportunities. That popular question among young men, Is there more pleas? ure in pursuit than possession ? was dis? cussed with considerable interest, and the evening passed off pleasantly. The parents in that community encourage their sons by going out to hear their speeches. Such meetings do good, a vast amount of good. We wish they were more numerous. Give the boys something to think about during the week, and you keep them out of mischief, and at the same time, develop their minds and characters. Men must learn to think on their feet. There is no bet? ter way to form this habit than by taking part in such exercises. Some of the best thinkers in the country are men who, for the want of experience in that kind of business, would not dare to express their thoughts before an audience. We would not presume to make an orator of every boy in the land, but, by all means, let them learn to express their thoughts in? telligently and with ease. We hope the Mt. Bethel Society may flourish, prove a great blessing to that community, and give to the world some" trained thinkers and speakers._ THE EDUCATIONAL VALUE OF STOBIES. Children delight in stories, but they do not always become educated by them. A good story must have three qualities ?interest, instruction and brevity. Nonsensical twaddle printed for children in long drawn paragraphs is not only of no value, but a decided injury to the mind. Our old readers were full of the most crude narrations of the goody-goody sort. Such stories even now frequently creep into our religious literature. It stands to reason then, that stories for children must be carefully selected, and keep the interest withont asking or com? manding it. The speaker who commen? ces a talk to phildren by saying: "You must now sit up erect, look at me, fold your hands and give attention" will fail every time he uses such language. If after the speaker has commenced, he feels himself called upon to say: "If those boys do not stop laughing and whispering, I shall be compelled to stop," he had better stop at once. It is an easy thing to talk to children if the speaker has anything to say that children like to hear. No thermometer is more sensitive than the thermometer of the child's heart. The mercury of interest shows itself at once. Older audiences can be bored for hours and not show much un? easiness?children, never. They will laugh, whisper, or go to sleep, for they are too honest not to act out nature. This is our theory; now for the applica? tion, here are two stories that we think can be told to young people and hold their attention to the. close, try and see. When you are through ask the question and follow the course indicated. With us the result has been a success.? Teachers' Institute. Keeping a Good Name. Folly has hardly another form so ob? jectionable as that of carelessness, real or apparent about one's reputation. When a young roan behaves as if he were willing to be believed "fast," he may be guiltless of any real disposition towards dissipation, but he cannot complain if the more desirable of his associates grad? ually withdraw themselves from intimacy with him. When a young lady, no mat? ter how innocent of anything worse than a determination to amuse herself at all hazards, condescends to flirt with gentle men, or to indulge in boisterous behav? iour in public places with other girls, she must not be surprised if before long she becomes aware of less heartiness in the greetings of the acquaintances whose society she prizes most, receives fewer invitations from anybody, and at last per? ceives with painful clearness, that she is actually, even if undemonstratively avoided, except by them whom Bhe now does not wish to meet. Parents are often to blame for not guarding their children more carefully from undesirable companions, and from forming classes and dangerous social habits, but in many cases their remon? strances are in vain, and they have the grief of witnessing the evil which they cannot help. Young men and women must be allowed to decide many things for themselves, even if they choose wrongly. If they will not heed good ad? vice, they must be taught by bitter expe? rience ; and the saddest fact connected with the subject, is that it is so hard to recover one's credit, even after one has seen the great blunder which has been made, and is heartily in earnest to cor? rect it. It is no easy matter for a young man to live down a bad reputation, and it is far more difficult for a young woman. Time and patience and earnest endeavor usually will do it, however,~slthough memories of it and allusions to it may rise up to plague one occasionally for many years. . - -_ Popular Delusion Concerning the Beard. An up-town barber with the loquacity of his trade said to me: "The young chaps who come here with bare faces three, four and five times a week, to be shaved so that their whiskers will grow faster, are foolish young men. It is the popular notion, which barbers have no interest in dispelling, that the oftener a man is shaved the faster his whiskers will grow. It is that which brings the young fellows so often into the barber? shop when they have only the merest bit of down on their faces. As a matter of fact, tho hair would come out just as rapidly and just as thickly if they did not fhave at all. Shaving makes the hair stubby aud harsh, which is the thing to avoid. However, it is our bus? iness to shave, and. we seldom enlighten one on a point like this."?New York Tribune. A HERO AMONG HEROES. Tho Tribute of a Federal Soldier to the Military Genius of "the Most Able Lieu? tenant of our Civil War." The fourth lecture of a series on the Civil war at the Lowell Institute, Boston, was delivered some time ago by Col. Theodore A. Dodge, one of the best i known men in Boston military circles. He served constantly in the Army o;' the Potomac, (in every volunteer regimental rank up to that of colonel,) from the Peninsula, where he was with Kearney, through Pope's and Bumside's campaigns, and at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. The subject of Col. Dodge's lecture was "Chancellorsville," and particularly the great flank movement of Stonewall Jackson which turned the tide of war on the memorable second day of May, 1862. Col. Dodge related in detail the move? ments of the Army of the Potomac which led to their assuming position at Chancellorsville and gives the position of the two armies when they confronted each other on the day of the great battle between Lee and Hooker. Col. Dodge says: The Army of the Potomac on Friday night lay huddled in the chapparal around Chancellorsville, instead of oc? cupying, as they might, a well-defined position on the open ground in front of Banks's ford. - Gradually during the night the several corps drifted, weary and disheartened at this unexplained check in the midst of success, into the position which -they had taken up after crossing the river, without any idea of fighting there. The line was thus a hap? hazard one, on the worst conceivable ground, where cavalry was useless, artil? lery confined to the roads or to a few open spaces, and infantry hidden or par? alyzed. During this night, while the Army of Northern Virginia was moving into po? sition in front of its gigantic, but ap? parently unnerved enemy, Lee and Jack Bon developed a plan for an attack upon our right; which, though posted on high ground, was really in the air. Lee may have originated the plan, but it bears a distinctly Jacksonian flavor ; and, sure? ly, without such a lieutenant to execute it Lee would never have dreamed of making such a risky move. The plan gave Jackson about 24,000 men with which to undertake a march around our right flank to a position where he might cut us off from United States Ford. It was ultra-hazardous, for it separated a small army in the presence of a large one. It was justifiable only on the ground that Hooker evidently meant to retain the defensive; that the movement would be screened from his eye by the woods; that there seemed no more avail? able plan; that some immediate action was demanded. Had it failed, it would have met the censure of every soldier. No maxim of tactics applies to it so well as the proverb, "Nothing venture, noth? ing have." Although Jackson's corps had been on foot and partially engaged for some thirty hours, the men set out on this new march with cheerful alacrity. They could always follow "Old Jack" with their eyes shut. Stuart's cavalry masked the advance. Jackson did not know that his column would have to pass some open ground in full view of our line at Dowdall's until too late to have it follow a better concealed route. Early Saturday morniDg the movement was discovered by the 3d corps, and a reconnoissance was pushed out to embarrass its advance. After some trouble and a slight and suc? cessful attack, Birney ascertained and reported that Jackson was moving over to oar right. The conclusion which Hooker drew from this fact was appar- \ ently that Lee was retreating. Jackson, meanwhile keeping Sickles busy with a small rear guard, advanced along the Brock road until, toward afternoon, he was abreast and in the rear of our right flank. While he was thus massing his men to take the Army of the Potomac in reverse, Hooker continued to authorize Sickles to deplete the threatened wing by sending a large part of its available strength (Barlow, Birney, Whipple and Geary in part?some 15,000 men) out into the woods in the hope of capturing the force which had long ago eluded his grasp aud was ready to fall upon our rear. Hooker's right flank of barely 10,000 men was completely isolated. And yet, though scouts, pickets and an actual attack at 3.30 p. m. proved beyond peradventure Jackson's presence at this point, Hooker allowed this flank to be held by an untried corps composed of the most heterogeneous and untrust? worthy elements in the Army of the Potomac. This march of Jackson's might at first blush have been construed by Hook? er to be either a retreat or strategic march by Lee to new ground, or to be a threatened flank attack. Either would have been accompanied by the same tactical symptoms which now appeared. If the former, Hooker had his option to attack at an early or late period, more or less vigorously, as might appear best to him. Hooker afterward claimed that he believed in the flank attack. But the testimony of his dispatches at the time finds him riding both horses, and he acted on the retreat theory. At 9.30 a. m. he had notified Slocum and Howard to look out and prepare for a flank attack, and to post heavy reserves to meet one. He telegraphed Sedgwick at 4.10 p. in.: "We know that the enemy is flying, trying to save his trains." In , the meantime he had removed the heavy reserves in question and sent them out on Sicktes'? wild goose chase to the front. He made no inspection of the right except one early in the morning. Howard, commanding on the right, misled by Hooker's orders and apathy, held the retreat theory. He had, on the receipt of the 9.30 order, disposed Bar? low's brigade and his reserve artillery so as to resist an attack along the pike, but Harlow had been ordered by Hooker to join Sickles. Gen. Devens made several distinct attempts to impress on Howard the danger of an attack, but the latter took his color, as well as his orders, from the commander of the army. Gen. Carl Schurz, under whom I served that day, also held strongly to (he flank attack theory, and 8C3re3 of men in the 11th corps, after the picket fight of 3.b0, fully believed that another attack would be made in the same place. Common gen? erosity to the memory of Gen. Hooker, who was a gallant and successful corps commander, leads us to think that at the time he believed that the enemy was retreating. His neglect of the right was otherwise criminal. In him alone cen? tred all the information of constantly occurring changes. To him alone was reported each new circumstance. His subordinates knew but the partial truth. They relied on him for the initiative. At 6 p. m., then, the situation was this: The left and centre lay as before. How? ard held the right, the "key of the posi? tion," with 10,000 men, a half brigade of Devens only astride the pike, the rest of Devens's and Schurz's forces facing South, and Steinwehr massed at Dow dall's. Howard's best brigade was gone, and there was not a man to support him between Dowdall's and Chabcellorsville, for thic portion of the line under Sickles bad been advanced into the woods nearly two miles. On the right flank of this little force lay Jackson's corps of over 20,000 men, whose wide wings, like the arms of a gigantic cuttlefish, were ready to clutch it in their fatal embrace. To cover Jackson's march, Lee at intervals during the day tapped at the linos in his front, principally where Hancock lay. DuriD ill this afternoon Hooker had a chance uandsomely to redeem his Fri? day's error in retiring into the Wilder? ness. Whatever the reason, the fact that Lee had divided his army remained clear. Lee, with the right wing, had but 18,000 men. Hooker knew that he could not have more than 25,000. He himself had 70,000 splendid troops. He could have crushed Lee like an egg shell, and then have turned on Jackson. But, with' a knowledge of Jackson's habit of mys? tery, of his wonderful speed and fighting capacity, and of his presence on our right, with all the means of knowing that this same right flank was isolated by two miles of impenetrable woods from any sup? porting force, he sat still, folded his hands, as it were, for sleep, and waited events. The 11th corps was cooking or eating supper. Arms were stacked. Breast? works looking South were hut fairly sub? stantial. FaciDg East were none. Some carelessness was apparent, in that ambu? lances, ammunition wagons, pack mules and even a drove of beeves were close behind the line. Every one was at ease, though a few were not wanting in anxiety. Little Wilderness Church, near by, endeavored to stamp a peaceful air upon the warlike scene. The general feeling seemed to be that it was too late to get up much of a fight to-day. Jackson, in throe lines, Rhodes, iu advance, Colston next and A. P. Hill still coming up, lay close by. He had caught Hooker's right in flagrante delicto. At 6 p. m. the order was given, and 22,000 of the best infantry in existence closed down upon the flank of 10,000 of the least hardenend of the troops of the Army of the Potomac. No division in the Army of the Potomac, not the Old Guard, not Fiedrich's auto? mata, could have changed front under the staggering blow. The fight was short, sharp, deadly, but partial only. All that man could do Devens did. Wounded, he kept the saddle and command ; but the force on the right was swept away like a cobweb by Jackson's mighty besom. Some of Schurz's regiments made a gal? lant show of resistance under the terrible ordeal of friends and foes breaking through their hastily formed lines; some melted away without burning a cartridge. Buschbeck's brigade threw itself into some breastworks constructed across the road at Dowdall's and made a desperate resistance. It was here that Howard had asked leave to place his line, but had been refused. A ridge made the line well available for defence. The whole situation was confusion worse confound jd, The attack had been so sudden that the stampede of the regiments on the ex? treme right swept away many of those which were endeavoring to form uear the fork of the roads. The drove of beeves, the frightened teamsters and ambulance drivers, officers, servants and hundreds of camp followers were rushing blindly to and fro, seeking an escape from the murderous hail of lead. The enemy came on with remorseless steadfastness. Never was an array more completely surprised, more absolutely surprised, more absolutely overwhelmed. Few, even among the old soldiers, pre? served their calmness, but many did their duty. The higher officers were in the thickest of the fray. An occasional stand would be made only to be again broken. Everywhere appeared the evi? dence of unpreparedne3s. It is small wonder that the corps made no resistance worthy the name. Rather wonder that, under the circumstances I have detailed, the onset of Jackson was actually checked by this surprised and overmatched, this telescoped force, con? siderably more than an hour, at a loss of one-third its effective strength. Could more have been expected ? The worthlessness of Hooker's disposi? tions now became apparent. Jackson's small rear guard had been playing with Sickles, while his main body had extin? guished Howard. Nothing now lay between Jackson and the headquarters of the army except a difficult forest, through which a mass of panic-stricken fugitives were rushing in dire confusion out of range. Happily night was approaching, and Jackson's troops had to be halted and reformed, his three lines having become inextricably mixed. Anderson had made a serious attack on our centre so soon as the guns of Jack? son's corps were heard, so that Hooker had nothing at hand to throw into the I gap but Berry's division of the old 3rd corps. Other troops were too far away. J This division was now hurried into posi- | tiou across the pike. The artillery of' the 3d corps and many guns of the 11th corps were assembled on the Fairview crest. Sickles faced about the 15,000 men he had led into the woods, and dis? posed himself to attack Jackson in more practical fashion. Between good use of several batteries, and a gal laut charge by a handful of cavalry, a diversion upon his flank was created, which, coupled to Berry's desperate resistance and the heavy artillery fire from Fairyiew, arrested Jackson's onset. It was after this check, while reconuoiteringin front of his troops, that this noted soldier received, from his own lines, the volley which inflicted on him a mortal wound. A midnight attack was made by Sickles upon Jackson. Sickles's claim that he drove the enemy back to Dowdall's is scarcely substantiated. The attack had no particular result. Sickles regained once more his old position at Hazel Grove, which he held until daylight Sunday morning, when he was ordered back to Chancellorsville by Hooker. The latter seemed unaware how important this height might prove in his own, how dangerous in Lee's hands. For as his line here made a salient, it behooved him to strengthen it by just such a height, or else to abandon this line of defence. On Sunday morning at daylight Stuart, who succeeded Jackson, ranged his 20,000 men opposite the Fairview cre3t and sup? ported them by batteries on this same Hazel Grove. Fairview was crowned by our artillery and defended by about an equal infantry force on the next ridge below, consisting of the entire 3d corps and Williams of the 12th corps. Ander? son and McLaws, with 17,000 men, still confronted Geary and Hancock with 12,000. Reynolds had arrived during the night, but was posted on the exLreme right, away from the scene of actual hostilities. No other troops were brought into action. Thus the superior tactics of the enemy enabled him to outnumber us at every point of attack, while an equal number of available Union troops lay upon their srraa close by, witnessing the unneeded slaughter of their comrades. The attack of the Confederates began shortly after daylight, with "Jackson" for a watchword, and was gallant in the extreme. Anderson pushed in on our left centre as Staurt did on the right centre, both contending for the Chancel? lor House, which barred their possession of the turnpike. No praise is too high for the staunchness of the attack or the stubbornness of the defence; but after heavy fighting during the entire forenoon, the Army of the Potomac yielded to the Confederate pi ensure and retired to a new line already prepared by its engi? neers, and which had its apex at White House. Time does not allow the barest details of this struggle to be entered upon. Suffice it to say that the loss of the 3d, 12th and 2d corps of 4,000, 3,000 and 2,000 respectively effectually gauges the bitterness of the contest. The Con? federate loss was, if anything, higher than ours during this Sunday morning. Lee was reforming for an assault upon our new line when rumors from Freder icksburg diverted hi.; attention. Col. Dodge also gives the reasons which induced the Federal commanders after the battle to retire beyond the Rappa hannock. The .total loss of the Army of the Potomac was 17,200: of the Army of Northern Virginia 12,300. At the conclusion of his lecture Col. Dodge said : The direct result of Chan? cellorsville was the second invasion of the Northern States by Lee, which cul? minated in the defeat of the Army of Northern Virginia two months later, on the hills of Gettysburg. Tried by the rule of brilliant success against vast odds, Lee's work in this campaign is scarcely open to criticism. The hero of the campaign is Thomas J. Jackson, the most able lieutenant of our civil war. A.Tourist Pockets $2,000. A report reaches us that an orange grower living not many miles from Ocala was the victim of two shrewd sharpers not long sincr. This gentleman feels like hiring somo man wearing No* 12s to give him a sound kicking, so we shall not give him away, but for convenience will call him Mr. B. Early in the fall he was visi? ted by a tourist who wanted to invest in a grove; the price asked was ?5,1)00, which, after some dallying, was agreed upon. Five hundred dollars was paid down to confirm the trade, and both gen? tlemen were to meet in Ocala some days afterward to examine the abstracts and pass the deeds. But, before this was done, another stranger passed aloug, who was reported to be extremely wealthy. He took a great fancy to the place aud wan? ted to buy it. He fancied it and wanted it, and increased his offer gradually until the sum of $8,000 was reached. This was a bait too tempting to be resisted, and the owner said he would try to beg or buy off buyer No. 1. But buyer No. 1 had too good a bargain and had no idea of relin? quishing his hold. He would not listen to even being bought off, so an offer of $500 was resisted, likewise ?1,000, but when the grower reached .the sum of $8,000 the stranger reluctantly yielded. This sum, together with the ?500 he bad paid to bind the bargain, was paid over to him, and the tourist returned to Ocala, but did not wait to buy any more groves, but departed on the first train, and tour? ist No. 2, with the ?8,000, has not yet put in an appearance, and will hardly do so before the roses bloom."? Ocala [Fla.) Banner. ? In response to a letter from Mr. R. Brownfield, of Sumter, Mr. I. C Plant of the Osier willow farm, near Macon, Ga., gives full information about the culture of the Osier willows. Cuttings cost ?5 per thousand, and 6,700 cuttings plant an acre. They should be planted in rows five feet apart and fifteen inches from each other. They must be stripped and put up in packages of 100 pounds. Any land where the common willow will grow will produce the Osier willowy but you must not let the common willow grow near the Osiers, as they will ruin them by making them branch out. The Osiers grow like tall gras3 without any limbs or bushes, and they can be split from eud to end without breaking. Present prices aro from $160 to ?175 per ton?in good times when there is a good call for fancy work, $200 per ton can be obtained. You can make about oue and a hal f tons to the acre on the third year's growth. Compara? tively nothing can be realized from the willow* until about the third year. ? A fashion exchange tells of "new wrinkles for men." It seems to us that what is most wanted is not new wrinkles, but some method of getting rid of the old ones. THE ANTIQUITY OF MAX. Views of a Distinguished Theologian on a Very Mixed Question. The Rev. Dr. A. A. Hodge, professor of theology in the Princeton Theological Seminary, is now delivering a course of lectures in Philadelphia, in which he h presenting his views on the topics discuss ed. The subject of a recent lecture was "The original state of Man." The fol? lowing extracts may be of interest to the general reader: The answer the Bible gives as to the origin of man is very explicit and very plain, and yet it does not satisfy all questions. And I want to say, and say it like a man who has devoted his life to systematic theology, if any clas3 of men have ever erred in the direction which j! am going to speak about to-day, systemat ic theologians have erred when thej mapped out so sharply. It is one thing to stand faithfully by what God says; it is another thing to draw inferences from what God says. Our principles, as Prot estauts, make us deal with the Bible alone, and not with systems of divinity, and not with inferences from what tbc> Bible says. Now the Bible asserts, in the first place, that God made the body of man out of the dust of the earth. The ques? tions which arise are, What do we mean by "made," and what do we mean by "dust of the earth ?" Obviously we do not mean absolute creation. The only instance of this absolute creation that we find recorded in Scripture is in the first verse. "In the beginning," in the abso? lute beginning which marks the emer? gence of time out of eternity, which marks the first step in order of creation under the conditions of time and space. "In the beginning God created," gave origin, being, to all the elements out of which the Stellar Universe is formed. First it is the great Eternal; afterwards you have "Chaos." ****** The immediate creation is the making all things out of nothing by the word of His power, but the mediate creation is the making of new things out of old things; that is, the building up of new things out of old elements ; new entities, new species, the origination of new forms, ? new constitutions, and of the elements of j which they are built. The Bible says God made man out of the dust of the earth. He first makes dust, and then He makes man out of it. So God is the entire maker of man. It would be very childish to put a literal meaning to this ' word dust, which is translated from the Hebrew, another language. It does not mean simply "dust;" you could not make man out of common clay, because it does not contain all the elements which constitute man. When you an? alyze the body of man, you find it con? sists of lime, phosphorus, iron, carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen aad a great many other elements. These do not all exist in clay. What is meant is that God made man out of pre existing elements, which God had himself first created. These are everywhere; they are in the atmosphere; they are in the water; they are in the soil, and they were ever pres? ent from the time of the first creation, existing, possessing qualities with which God originally endowed them, and it is out of these pre-existing elements of the material universe that God formed, by bis own power and will, the body of man. Man is a living, breathing thing; but the points clearly taught are that God made the body by his power out of pre? existing material, and that he created the soul by his power and put it into the body. Now what do the learned men of science say about this? First, as to the antiquity of man. Undoubtedly human remains have been discovered under con? ditions in which it is impossible to believe that God created man only six thousand years ago. I have no doubt of that. I have no doubt you will have to extend the time of creation back farther than bis thousand years. But remember that God never said he created Adam six thousand years ago. Our chronology exists in two forms, that of Usher and that of Hales, and it differs by a thou saud years. Two scholars taking up this chronology have made the difference simply by following out the genealogical tables. I am sure you will think with me that my colleague, Dr. Greeu, of Princeton, a3 an interpreter of the Old Testament, is conservative, and as much to be relied upon in the interest of historic truth as any man living. I can remember when his book on the Peutateuch appeared. In a note with regard to two passages as to the time the Bible gives in certain utterances, he said, "The time between the creation of Adam and ourselves might have been; for all we know from the Bible to the contrary, much longer than it seems." I was in Princeton, in my father's study. I was living then in Allegheny. I can well remember my father walking up and down, and saying, "What a relief that is to me that he should have said that 1" Prof. Guyot lived iu Princeton then, a man of great genius, as highly educated a man of science as I ever saw. He was one of the most devout Christians who ever kindled the flame of holy love from the light of nature and revelatiou; he was absolutely a believer in the Bible as it stood, in every way. He went to Europe about twelve years ago, and when he came back, after visiting the great muse? ums, he said : "I was surprised at the amount of evidence I saw there of the antiquity of raau; still I think that thirteen thousand years instead of six thousand would cover it." Now what difference docs it make? Do you not know, if you take history at all with its chronology merely, that it is the most indifferent and utterly insignificaut of all revelations? The only questions which can be of importance are, did a thing occur first or last, before or alter ? Then, of course, it affects the question of cause and effect, and it becomes a question of great importance. Chronology in history is what perspective is in a groat painting. When you stand up lefore a great paint? ing?a battle-piece, for instance?you have the forefront of the picture present I ed to you iu proportion, aud you measure every thing by the stature of men, as they stand there, and so you form your judg? ment, as every thing is in proportion ; but when you cast your eye into the background?the great background, with life behind it?it makes little difference to you whether it is one mile, or two miles, ten or twenty miles. Now, the Bible was written, not for the sake of satisfying curiosity, not for the sake of addressing the intellects of men, but it was written for the purpose of giving us a history of redemption. The first thing we see in the history of redemption begins with Abraham, and if you will look back of that time and see what the Bible says, it is merely the putting of chronological events into position. But begin with the birth of Abraham ; after that we have biography, we have appointed times, we have histo? ry ; a history that goe3 back only to the birth of Abraham. All before that is the simple introduction crowded into some ten or twelve chapters, designed to teach us these tremendous facts: First, creation, second, the fall; thirdly, the general dealing of God with men in prep? aration for redemption to come; but these great facts are dropped in by the great artist of revelation as an introduction merely to the history beginning with Abraham. Everything back of this is piled up like the background in front of which the history stands; I say neither you nor I have any reason to know how long it is since Adam was created. There is no reason to believe it was more than fifteen or sixteen thousand years; but whether more or less, revelation has not informed us. A Now Sectionalism. A new sectionalism is rapidly develop? ing in this country. The fires of the old sectionalism have burned out, and only now and then a fitful flash reminds us of the dying conflagration which once threatened the integrity of the govern? ment. We shall undoubedtly continue to hear for some years the harangues of the demagogues who have thriven on the passions engendered by the old moral is? sue, and we shall still be charmed by the philosophers who tell us why the inevit? able must come to pass. But the old struggle is becoming a reminiscence?a time-hallowed sentimental reminiscence ?and the practical men who are doing the public's work are thinking and talking of other subjects. It is to be regretted that there is danger in the discussion of these new subjects, that new sectional lines will be drawn and that the West and Southwest will be arrayed against the East. The western people are intensely in? terested in the tariff question, and it will be the part of wisdom if the East recog? nizes the fact of the situation. The West regards the present high protective system as one built up for tlie fostering of selfish eastern manufacturers. It is well for the East to carefully considered the power of the section of the country which honestly believes that it has been burdened with taxes that go to the en? riching of these manufacturers. Every year of failure to reform the tariff law hardens the feeling of the West against the iron masters of Pennsylvania, and the protected interests of New York and New England. This new sectionalism pre? sents a very grave question, and the pro? tectionists will do well to consider wheth? er they can afford to longer refuse their assent to a reduction of rates of duly which they have hitherto confessed to be just. It is certain that the vital interests cf the East and of the whole country will suffer from a failure to reform the tariff law.?New York Star. Tough on Tommy. "Tommy, will you have some more pudding, my son ?" asked Mrs. Smiley at the Christmas dinner. There was a large company present and she spoke very pleasantly to Tommy, for she was afraid 1 he might be disagreeable. Tommy wsb in the habit of making disagreeable re? marks when there was company. "I don't know whether I will take any more pudding or not. You are always saying I eat as much as four boys." "Why, Tommy, you know better than that." "Yes, you and pa are always saying I'm no better than a pig. Are you sure enough in earnest when you ask me if I want some more pudding ?" "Tommy, I'm ashamed of you. Won't you have some more pudding, just a little more, come now, that's a good boy," said Mrs. Smiley, looking at him as if she would like to skin him alive. "Well," replied Tommy, defiantly, '"I'm in a fix. If I say I want some raore pudding, then you'll say after the folks are gone that the little pig had to have pudding twice. If I don't take any more pudding, then you'll say that I ate so much turkey that I couldn't eat any more pudding when you offered it to me. Blamed if I know what to say. A New York boy ha3 a tough time of it, any? how."?Texas Siftings. Getting the Truth Now by Stratagem. The feminine propensity for concealing age, and resenting impertinent questions in regard to it, is common to all times aad nationalties; but this does not de tiact from our admiration of the trick by which the truth was got at in the follow? ing instance: A man newly married tloughc when his wife unveiled for the first time, that she looked rather old and wrinkled. Telling her so he asked her real age, when she replied "45 or 46." "You wrote in the marriage contract 38 years," said he, "but you look even more than 45 or 46." At last she admitted 54. The husband was still doubtful, so he bethought himself of a stratagem for getting at the truth. Jumping up he said, "1 must cover up the salt before going to bed or else the rats will eat all before morning." "Well," said his wife, laughing, "I have heard of and seen many strange things in the 6S years of my life, but I never saw or heard of rats eating salt before." ? Last year $27,000,000 ivorth of matches were consumed in the United States. ? There are now in the Southern States 139 cotton seed mills. In 1866 thore was not one. a LIFE-GIVING FOUNTAIN. Discovery of a Wonderful Spring in North Carolina. Abingdon, Va., April 5.?A curious spring has been discovered in Ashe Coun? ty, N. C. In July, 1885, a wood-cutter working some distance from his home told the lad who accompanied him to search the neighborhood for a spring, as the water carried from their home was too warm to be refreshing. Following the stream by the roadside, the boy reached a point where the stream made a sort of horseshoe curve as it again came out by the roadside. This spot was a tangled mas3 of briers and overhanging shrubs, but the boy penetrated the thicket and following the curve, found near the edge of the stream, but literally in its bed, a spring. He cleaned ont the dead leaves, twigs and other rubbish, and put the spring in "running order." In so doing he had to thrust his arm almost to the elbow into the water. This arm was in a swollen and inflamed condition from poison oak, and bad been so for some time. The next morning it was noticed that as much of the arm as had been in the water was improved. The change bad been so sudden that its relief was attributed to its having been so long in the water on the preceding day. The boy determined to try a second applica? tion of his new remedy, and on the next morning his arm was well. The boy's father then tried the efficacy of the water upon sores which had annoyed him for many weeks, and in a marvellously short time was entirely relieved. He then concluded to keep secert the locality of the spring, allowing no one to go to it but himself, but always keeping a supply of water at bis house. The neighbors swarmed to his house to try the magic water. Many were healed of various maladies, and all were eager to know where the spring was situated. The old man kept his secret, however, going un? der cover of night to fetch the water. Finally he was followed to his life-giving fountain. In less than twenty-four hours every brier and bramble for many a yard around had been beaten down by the feet of men and hoofs of horses, so great was the throng coming and going. A "basket meeting" was appointed by the Methodist circuit rider, to be held at the spring on a certain Sunday. It is esti? mated that seven huudred persons were present. The preacher told of his wife's wonderful cure. In consequence of a kick from a cow one of her legs had been in a painful condition for four weeks. Within fifteen minutes after the first ap? plication of this water she began to ex? perience relief from pain, and after twelve or fifteen hours' treatment the pain was entirely gone. This was one of many instances related by the preacher to his eager listeners. From that day people came from far and near, driving some? times thirty or forty miles in a wagon and waiting eeveral days for a chance to fill their barrels. On Sundays from three hundred to four hundred persons were to be seen on the spot. There is no house within half a mile of the spring and no hotel for several miles, so the neighbors, much to their annoyance and inconvenience, are frequently obliged to take in the weary sufferers seeking these healing waters. The average number of persons visit? ing the spring daily until the bad weather of the winter began is estimated at 200. During the winter the water.has been hauled at considerable expense to various places where ready sale is fouud for it at $5 a case. In fact the demand has been greater than the supply, the distance from a railroad making a trip considerable of an undertaking. Only a partial analysis of the water has as yet been made. A New Orleans chemist says its specific gravity is 1,001, and that it is largely charged with car? bonic acid. It contains iron, the sul? phates chlorides, and carbonates of cal? cium, aod magnesia. The country surrounding the spring is extremely rough, but not without the picturesque element which has made all Western North Carolina famous. New River n us within a few hundred yards of the p. ace and the roar of its waterfall adds to the weirdness of the scene. He'd Choose to be a Baby. The following story was told at the recent encampment of the grand army at Mexico, Missouri. A group around one of the numerous camp fires were relating incidents of bravery and cowardice shown in battle, and this is one of them : "It was at the battle of Gettysburg," said the speaker, "when the bullets were falling like bail, and the shells were a shrieking and bursting over our heads in a way to make the bravest heart tremble, a private dropped out of the ranks and skulked back toward the rear. Hr t.'as under way, when, unfortunately for him, he was met by General Slocuni coming to the front. "'What are you doing here? Get back to your post,' the general shouted, "The poor fellow stopped still and trembled like a leaf, but made no reply. ' "Get back to your post, you miserable coward ; aren't you ashamed of yourself to be skulking back here when you should be in the front with your brave com? rades?' " "Still the man made no reply, but com? menced to cry like a year-old infant. " 'You infamous sneaking coward,' shouted the infuriated general, get back to your post; I'll ride you down like a dog. Why, you are nothing but a baby.' " 'I'll tell you what, general,' said the blubbering fellow, 'I'd give anything just now if I was a baby, and if I had my choice I'd rather be a female baby.'" ? In one year Troy, N. Y., manufac? tures thirty-six million linen collars besides nearly three and one-half million shirts. ? The United States has 143,940 miles of the 550,000 miles of telegraph lines in the world. ? "I hear that you are to marry a wealthy American girl," said one British nobleman to another. "Ya'as," replied his Ludship. "You must allow me to congratulate you. Are there any incum brances on her property ?" "Ya'as?the lady." A Cotton King. From the New Orlcans\States. While riding on the Mississippi Valley route en route for Baton Rougbe, a few days ago, a staff correspondent of the States wa3 the only passenger in the Pullman sleeper, "Siebests," who was not bound for Pine Bluff, Ark. Among the large complement of passengers was a plianly dressed and unas.-iuminggentleman sitting in the corner of the coach, who, notwithstanding his unaasuming manner, attracted general attention. He appear? ed to be from 38 to 40 y?aro of age. Judging from his looks he would be taken for a man who had labored hard through life. Entering the smoking compartment of the coach, the Slates man inquired of one of the gentleman what the name of the gentleman was who attracted so much attention. The reply was: That is Mr. C. M; Neil, of Pine Bluff, a selfmade man, who started life as a penniless boy, grew up with the country, and at the same time helped the country to grow up and is still helping it. "He is the cotton king, now that Col. Ed. Richardson is dead. To day be is the largest cotton shipper and planter in the world. No one can tell exactly how much that man is worth. I estimate him as being- worth, at the lowest figure, $2.500,000. Not many weeks ago he advanced to one person $96,000. The moment he beard of the Hot Springs fire he forwarded 300 barrels of flour, 290 barrels of corn meal, 20,000 pounds of beef, besides clothing, etc., for the bene? fit of the sufiVers. Mr. Neil being introduced to the writ? er, expressed himself as pleased to meet any one from New Orleans. "How old are you, Mr. Neil ?" "Just 38 years of age." "Were you born in Pine Bluff?" No, sir, I went there in 1860." "How much money had you ?" - "I was penniless. I came from Tusca loosa, Ala. I was a boy and went to work on a farm." "What business do you follow now ?" "So many of tbem that it's hard to say. I am in the banking business?president of the First National bank of Pine Bluff. I am a planter, and have about 12,000 acres of cotton in cultivation." "You are the largest cotton planter in the world ?" "Oh, no! The estate of Richardson is the largest. I make between tec and twelve thousand baled of cotton on my own plantation. I am also merchantiog. I have three stores in the country on my places. I am also railroading. I have a railroad, the Pine Bluff and Swan Lake road, which runs from Rob Roy station on the line of the Texas and St. Louis railroad, seven miles from Pine Bluff. It is twenty-six and one twenty-sixth miles in length, of which all but one quarter of a mile runs through one of my plantations, Rob Roy. I am at present engaged in building another road from Rob Roy, opposite Little Rock, which when completed will be forty-two miles in length, and will connect with my oth? er road. "When do you expect to complete this road ?" "One-half this summer and one-half next summer with my convict labor." "How many convicts do you work ?" "I have 150, and fifty or sixty who have served their time and remained with me as free land owners." "From whom do you obtain those con? victs?" "From the lessee of the Arkansas State penitentiary." "How much do you pay for them ?" "Ten dollars apiece per month and provide them with all the necessaries of life." "Planters iu Louisiana have not been successful with convict labor. What has been your experience ?" "My experience is that they have proved a success. I have no trouble with convicts. I have worked them for three years. I have a fine house built for them and a bed for each man to sleep in. I have a stockade around my prison specially for tbem to exercise in on Sun? day. I have them to bathe and change under and over clothing every Sunday. Further than that, I give them cards, checkers, dice, Bibles, Testaments, news? papers to use on Sunday, all free. I feed them three times a day. At each meal I give them coffee, flour bread, meat and vegetables, the same fare as I give the managers of my places, who eat at the same table with them, and I also eat with them, at the same table, once a week, when I pay them a visit. "I grow all sorts of vegetables, give them to the convicts, sweet potatoes, turnips, onions, radishes,etc., with which the table is supplied three times a day." Proverbs of the Billings Family. Don't swap with yer relashuns unless ye ken afford to give them the big end of the trade. Marry young, and if circumstances re? quire it, often. Don't take yer terbacker box out in kompany. If you kant git gud clothes and edi kashon too, git the clothes. Say how are ye tu everybody. Kultivate modesty, but mind and keep a gud stock of impitence on band. Don't take ennybody else's advice but your own. If a man flatters yu, you kan kalkilale he is a roge, or yure a fule. Keep both ize open ,* dou't see more'n half yu notis. Don't mortifi the flesh too much; 'twant the sores on Lazarus that sent him tew heaven. If you ich for fame, go inter a grave? yard and skratch yourself against a tume stnn. Beggers don't have tu advertise for runawa dogs. - ? No true gentleman or lady will wan? tonly wound the feelings of any one. Uniformly kind, courteous and polite treatment of all persons is one mark of a true man or woman. ? If we wish our children to revere high things?things simple, and pure, and lovely, and of good report?we must set them the example.