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ClY E. B. MUEKAY & CO. ANDERSON, S. G., THURSDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 4, 1886. VOL'UME XXL?NO. 30. 1^A?HE}i$'?0LUMN, J. G. CLINKSCALES, Editor. EXAMINATION. Let the teachers wishing to be exam ined, be on hand at 9 o'clock sharp, Satuidaypl??i Tnst. Be sure to come provided with writirjg material. See ad? vertisement in Intelligencer aud Journal. Rev. Hugh McLees takes charge of the Male School at Williamston. Mr. Blalock, his immediate predecessor, having gone to Fountain Inn, Greenville County. Miss Fleda Stephens has charge of the Mt. Tabor school, in Pendleton Town? ship.. If the letter she writes is at all indicative of the neatness and exactness of her school room work, we may expect her to do lasting good in that coramuni Rev. Geo. Gresham, the recently elect? ed pastor of the Baptist Church at Pendleton, is placed at the head of the school at that place. Miss L. Easley will assist him. Miss Easley has been teaching there for the past two months and, we learn, has given entire satisfac? tion to her patrons-. ? The Ivy Hollow School in Savannah Township, is now in the hands of Mr. Western .Sadler. Friend Western says he never whips a great deal. Well, per? haps .there is more truth than poetry in the opinions that the teacher's size has much to do with his management of j tilTH1iakny'.Sections of-the County, du? ring the short time the schools have been closed/' subscription ' schools have been made. up and are moving off nicely. This fact confirms us in the opinion^ already expressed, that it would be well to stop the schools one year and catch up. Our people have learned to rely too much on the public fund for the. educa? tion of-their children. '.".Mrs. Jj. J. Brown commenced teach* ing a small school a few miles below Bel ton about a year ago. At first, the attendance was discourageingly small, but the Work of the teacher was faith? fully and cheerfully done. She writes us that she is greatly encouraged by the increased number of pupils and the in-1 terest of her patrons manifested by their efforts to provide a comfortable school housed3 ffTSgj. ] [ "lvTTB5?ght~onr frle?d; Mr. ~d: H. Russell, would not remain very long out of harness. Whenra man teaches as ts B5S3 ji 5 ? ?t ? long as he has, either he learns to like tfofrweVk tod well tostopiti orhe*>ecomes a necessity to the school-room. We understand, and we are glad to. know, that Mr. Russell has been employed to teach an eight months' school at Mid? way. If. the Teachers'Column does not hear from him occasionally, he will hear from the Teachers column. . Wjjrl ^e^T|USteea ^ kind venough to inform't? occasionally as to the working of their several schools ? Are they well attended?. Do the patrons appreciate the schools and show that appreciation by sending their children regularly? Any inflation,, oriiapy suggestion^ would be gladly receivecL VTe/vre D?t unmindful of the fact that the, office of] school Tru tee is a thankless one, but we must insist that our Trustees assist us as much as possible in this way. QpT At^^c|nr^eeting of the B^ard ofj Examiners, it was concluded to do away with the lines cutting off Pelzer and Williamston into a separate School Dis? trict. Hereafter,, there will be no School District No. 18. Williamston and Pelzer are in No. 8. Two of the Trustees appointed for No. 8 are in Williamston. The Board of Examiners thought-that would be more convenient for the teachers than to have the Trus tees scattered over the Township. We repeat what we have often said in the Teachers' Column as to the building or repairing of school houses with the school fund. The Trustees have tbe right to do it, but it should be done only in cases of sheer necessity. It is a bad case when any community is so. indiffer? ent to its educational interests as to per? mit, or even demand, tbe Trustees to re? pair the school house. Would it not be well for the Trustees to refuse to locate a school wherever tbe people are too in? different Jtp provide comfortable houses? We. have proposed to the School Com raiwionera of Greenville and Abbeville Counties to unite with us in the Institute work next summer. If they will agree to unite with us aud bold the Institute in Anderson, we can make it pleasant and profitable to all concerned. A three weeks' session attended by the teachers of Abbeville, Anderson "and Greenville, would not be a heavy tax upon the I school fund of either County, but would be of incalculable benefit to the cause of t ducation in all. Mr. C. H. Wilson and Mr. C. 0. Bur riss, two of the most promising young teachers in the County, leave the trials of the pedigogue for the more congenial employment of the store and the farm. When they meet our protest with the re? mark, "School teaching don't pay," we are silenced. They are eminently cor? rect. Facts substantiate the truth of this remark. Teaching in tbe public schools of- the country don't pay. As we have bad occasion before to remark, that is nothing more than the legitimate offspring of the free school system a3 at present worked. Tbe tendency is to drive out the best teachers. We make the following extract from a letter of recent date from Mr. J. T. Gambrell, Honea Path Township: "I have a splendid school now. My patrons said they would not be without one, and made me up one of twenty nine pupils without any trouble at all, at one dollar each per month. Tbe closing of tbe public schools seemed to have very little effect on them." Mr. Gambrell is in the hands of an earnest people, and judging from the number and quality of the switches we saw be? hind his chair when we visited his school, his pupils are in the hands of an .earnest teacher. We are glad to see the people in that section of the County waking up on the subject of education. Already, Mr. Gambrell has done much good there; the hearty support of the enterprising citizens will stimulate him to still greater efforts. Too little attention is given to the writing of compositions in most of oar schools. One may learn to think well, but the expression of his thoughts on papr" is a difficult task until made easy by practice. If "writing makes an ex? act mao," why not have the children in our schools to write often? A short composition every morning would be of incalculable advantage to pupils. Chil? dren themselves realize this, and appre? ciate it when the task of composing is imposed upon them, though they find it difficult and unpleasant at first. We clip a few sentences from some composi? tions written by the boys in tho Ander? son Military School on the subject) "The Importance of Writing Composi? tions" : "The writing of compositions develops the mental faculties. An old philoso? pher, on being asked how he accom? plished so much, sa-d, 'I accomplished it by thinking.' By writing composi? tions frequently, we form habits of precision r.nd correctness." "Why is it that some boys can not make speeches? it is because they have never been taught to write compositions." "The writing of compositions Bho?ld never be left out of the catalogue of studies. It teaches a boy how to frame his ideas and develops whatever of talent may be in him." " - ' * "One of the most important things in the education of youth is the writing of compositions. It helps to develop the mind, bringing the reasoning faculties into use. We should write them often and with care; we should revise them carefully and study the style of the best authors." , ? t u< ' We might make other similar extracts showing how students, regard this exer? cise. These will suffice, however. To get the greatest possible benefit from the writing of compositions, it is absolutely necessary to require the pupil to rewrite his production, correcting in the dp p.' icate the mistakes made in the oxigiual. Nine students out of ten will not notice the mistakes corrected unless they are required to make the corrections. Fortunate is the boy whose teacher has the nerve to make him rewrite his com? position every dayitr-the--wceky rather than lejt: 'aim .throw it aside with the mistakes' unnoticed and uncorrected. Y tat us a y-agt a g._ The Trne'Use-br *obey. But very few yonng people know the true nsc1 for the money they earn. It is first to. pay for subsistence; second, in aid to those needing charity; third, and last, as a source of income or accumu? lation. To spend money for any other purpose is to waste it. Everything pur? chased should be of real and substantial value, convertible into other and greater value if. possiDe. No one can afford to give bis time and genius to earning mon? ey and then expend what he has earned for that which is not substantial. Far better is it to accumulate and hold one's earnings until the time for death comes, .and then turn it oye_r__to_some_ worthy charity, where it may do good for the un? fortunate. Every one can earn enough and more than enough to meet all his wants and needs if they be as moderate as they should be, ?ud tfitte. finde iie has a surplus, which he is certain .of, he can bestow it upon those who have been un? fortunate. In - expending money the young man should always ask himself? "do I need this ?" He should not aak "do ! w*nt this ?" Wauls are, too often, the children of children. There is noth? ing manly in giving away to desires and being governed by them. To do so Is to become the slave of morbid appetite. How many men, in the evening of their days, looking back can see that they have earned millions of dollars, even, and yet have not managed to save to themselves] a single hundred. It is this which em? bitters the close of a life. The man sees that he has been not only less frugal than he should have been ; but wasteful. His hard-earned money has slipped out of his hands in driblets as fast as he could earn it. He has spent it for use? less things. He has even damaged his health in indulgencies which were pois? onous to his physical and mental systems. When a young man-secures employment he should .firmly resolve?"out of my earnings all necessary expenses shall be paid. The remainder I will rigidly re? serve for future uses in the same direc? tion." We aver that all young men will meet a period when $500 would prove the first step to a competence to support them in old age. Then it should be the aim of every mechanic or other indus? trial to secure that sum. It may take two or three years fo pecure it. If so, all the more reason for securing it. Money to one so long accumulating such a sum is of far greater value to him than to one who gets it ahead in one year. But, above all, the pursuit of this course makes a better citizen and a better man, in all respects, of the one engaged in it, than does the so-called "liberal and open-hearted, generous" life. The lat? ter is the life of a spendthrift who be? comes besmirched with all the evils of humanity, and too often ending in wreck, ruin and disgrace. The "popularity" is among his own class, and not worth having.?Albany Press and Knickerbock? er. ? When a new milk cow has her calf taken from ber she will often hold up her milk, apparently for the purpose of saving it for her offspring. It will require kindness and patience to overcome this babit. The operation of milking is pleasant for the animal, and if she is given a mess of warm slops while being milked her attention will be so diverted that she will yield without remembering her calf. It is important to milk clean from first; as retention of milk in the udder injures it and tends to decrease the yield. F?rj?1 Column, JB?* Communications from our Farmers on any matter pertaining to Agriculture, are reepeclfully solicited /or this column. Does Drainage Pay. One may.talk by tbo hour to the ordi? nary farmer about the effects of drain? age, and explain bow the drawing of the water from the soil by tbe buried pipe also draws in tbe air, wh:ch loosens and mellows tbe soil, &c, and be will only look with open mouth and ask: "Does it pay to put so much money into these 'ere ditches?" Yes I Mr. Farmer, after an experience of thirty-five years, I rise to say it pays I In the year 1849 we had in one of our grain fields a narrow ralley abount six rods in width and one hun? dred and twenty rods in length. It was very wet and only produced swarap.grass of no value. It being very inconvenient to plough around it we dug a drain through it and laid a water way of stone. Then we cultivated it with the rest of the field and planted crops of wheat, oats, corn and hay alternately, For fif? teen years it produced enormous crops every year and without any failure. Then the drain became chocked by silt, and we could raise nothing but tbe wild swamp grasses. After four years of idle? ness we again drained with six inch pipes, and again it produced excellent crops. This season we have taken off a crop of hay at the rate of three tons per acre. In all "'this time we have never put manure on it; yet the crops show no sign of diminution. Is it not safe to say that "it has paid?" Again, we have a field of eighteen acres of rolling land, soil heavy clay, very wet in spring, and very dry and hard in summer. Being upland it has been in cultivation for fifty years, yet never producing a paying crop. The usual yield of wheat has been about 8 bushels per acre; oats 20 bushels; corn 15 to 20 bushels, and hay 1,000 to 1,500 pounds per acre. In the winter of 1881 and 1882 we drained tbe fields with parallel drains, 4 rods apart and 2} to 3 feet in depth. The following spring we planted it to corn, but the ground was so very bard tbat tbe crop was a failure. In the spring of 1883' we sowed it with bats and gathered a crop of 59 bushels per acre as a result of drain? ing. We ploughed in the oat stubble aud followed with winter wheat. This crop wets pinched by. a drought, 'lasting from the first of May until the harvest, aud the crop weighed out 23 bushels to the acre, an increase of 15 bushels per acre. This season we have taken off a fine crop of hay, not less than three tons per acre. The account stands thus: Increase of oat crop, 80 bushels, 40cents.......$12 00 Increase of wheat crop, 15 bushels, 95 cents.. 14 24 Increase of hay crop, 2,500 pounds, 35 cents. 7 75 Total increase of crop per acre..$35 00 Cost of drainage...$20 50 Extra, threshing oats 1 80 Extra, threshing wheat 1 50 23 80 Balance to credit drainage.$11 20 The Acme Harrow. One of the best of inventions for the farmer's use is an Acme harrow. It both pulverizes and levels the soil. A good workman does' not merely smooth over the top of the ground with his har? row, breaking only tbe surface clods. He sets the barrow teeth well down into tbe ground and breaks tbe clods aod lumps all tbe way to the bottom of the furrow. An intelligent farmer writes of tbe Acme: "It is not only a harrow, but under cer? tain conditions of the soil it is to all in? tents and purposes a gang of small plows. In a soft or light soil you can plow the ground just as thoroughly for six feet wide as you can do it with tbe ordinary plow.eight inches." Another farmer says: "After plowing, the soil is worked over with tbe Acme harrow, and is thoroughly broken up; tbe furrows are leveled, the whole soil to the depth of four inches at least is dis? turbed as though a series of small pro? peller screws passed through it; it is thoroughly mingled; the upper portion, which has been exposed to the air, is turned under and buried, and the whole soil is loosened up, broken and made mellow. This is the only implement, so far as I know, that does this necessary work, and with this the best preparation for crops is easily possible." The depth of the teeth of this tool can be regulated at will, which makes it first class for working in manure. The teeth are set in at such an inclination that after sod has been plowed up they cut it to pieces and leave it, instead of drag? ging it. Crozier says that a man cannot harrow more than four to five acres a day and do it thoroughly. I Preparation of Soil. Proper preparation of the soil to fit it for a crop involves a variety of processes, the most important of which are the loosening of tbe soil by ploughing or digging, and the comminution or pulver? izing of it to allow the roots easily to run through it and to take up their nutriment from it. Subsoil ploughing is a most necessary operation whenever the subsoil is heavy and retentive. Vegetables and fruits, a9 much as thegmin crops, require deep working of the soil. A moderately heavy soil that has been under-drained and subsoiled, and then carefully worked, is capable of producing the heaviest crops. A deep, rich soil is wonderfully favorable"to a bank account. All the processes in the preparation of a piece of land for a crop require good tools, and in their purchase the aim should be to get the best. A good tool will quickly pay for itself, but a poor one is very expensive A man must be well off who can afford to use poor tools. While a good plough will do better work than a poor one, it also enables the team to do more of it. Tools and implements should not only be of the best kinds, but they should be carefully kept in order, and be clean and bright, and be stored in a proper place where they can always be found when wanted, without running across lots to find them where they were thrown when last used.? Vick's Magazine. A Poultry Farm. There is a poultry farm of 8,000 Plymouth Kocks at Lancaster, Mass. Mr. Hawkins, its owner, calculates to have about 8,000 fowls every fall, and carries over 2,500 laying hens through the winter. His farm contains twenty five acres, and his poultry buildings occupy an acre and a half. These com? prise six or seven sheds 200 feet in length. Each shed is divided into apartments of twelve by twenty feet, and about twenty five hens are kept in each division. A yard is made in front of each apartment. Mr. H. believes that if confined poultry have their wants attended to tbey will do as well as if allowed free range. He bases this belief upon several actual tests. In hatching time he sets 200 hens on one day, and puts 500 eggs in an in? cubator which is due to hatch on the same day, the chickens from which will be distributed among the 200 hens. His sales of fowl and'eggs for hatching at fancy prices are large, about 90 per cent, j boing profit. He also has a standing order for sixty to ninety dozen of eggs daily, for which he gets the highest mar? ket price. Mr. Hawkins began, at the age of 21, with 100 hens, and by careful management and economy bis business has enlarged so that, at the age of 29, he has a very handsome income. The poultry manure is quite an item; he sold last year 500 barrels, at $1.50 per barrel. Fruit in the Southern States. A vast opening lies ready for enterpris? ing men in growing fruit in the South.' Peaches grow with surprising rapidity, and the fruit is of the finest quality. A Mr. John H. Parnell, brother of the famous Irish leader, Charles S. Parnell, ? has a peach plantation in Georgia of 150,000 trees, from which be has shipped in one year $11,000 worth of fruit. His markets are New York, Philadelphia and Cincinnatti. His earliest shipment to New York the past season was on May 16 and the latest on August 10. Bell flower, golden russet, Rhode Island greening, and some other varieties of apples succeed well; the Lirabertwig keeps one, and even two years, in good condition ; but a large number of native Seedings furnish an assortment which, if known in the markets, would become very popular. Of these,;the Buff grows to an immense size, and is a fine Fall and. early Winter fruit;- the Howard, Bache? lor, Winter Sweet, Cullasaga?the origi? nal tree of which is still living and beariog at the age of seventy years?and many others are of excellent quality, and, being red in color, are adapted for the English market. Pears, apricots, nectarines and plums are equally valua? ble, and furnish to the grower a large variety from which he can choose his special kind.. The Curculio is very rare, and in many places has not appeared.? American Agriculturist. Baising Onions. Of the many kinds of onion seed sown, I consider the red globe best, both in regard to productiveness and keeping qualities. Next to that comes the yellow danvere. I have planted three kinds of red onion seed at the same date, and they matured as follows: Early cracker red, August 5 toll; Wethersfieldred,August 20; red globe, August 30 to September 6. Potatoe onions are easy to raise and bring a good return for the outlay. Phil? adelphia sets also do well, though it Is rather more work to plant them than potato onions, as they are smaller. Small red sets, from early red onions, ripen about a week earlier than the first ones from seed. One man can take care of about three acres of land, if he attends to his busi? ness. My brother and myself had seven acres of land on Long Island, in 1861-2, which yielded 3,200 bushels of the best onions I ever saw.? Vick's Magazine. Dishorning Calves. In the genus Bos, the horn proper is a hollow appendage of the skin, and in the young calf this is merely the matrix of the future born. At the age of 10 to 15 days, this matrix is hut a small, movable prominence, which may be removed by one sweep of a strong pocketknife. This operation causes hut little pain, and soreness for only a1 day fir so. The calf is not injured or stunted, and the wound heals more quickly than those caused by castrating. It is probable that this plan will be quite as painless as the more common process of searing the young horn with a hot iron. In either case, there is apt to be a small bunch or horn at the side of the head. Where this practice is continued for several genera? tions, the horn often entirely disappears, and, in many instances, polled calves are produced. But do not attempt the pro? cess with grown cattle. Pure Milk by a New Process, It is said that a company has been formed in New York city for securing pure milk by a new process. Fresh, pure milk, made in localities where feed is cheap, is canned, bottled, and corked when first drawn from the cow, and im? mediately heated in water or steam, both being under the pressure of the atmos? phere. It is then cooled, after which it may be kept a year without undergoing any change. Heating destroys all germs, and bottling prevents all connection with the outside air. Should the new method prove equal to the expectations of the projectors it will work a revolution in the milk business of the country.? Chicago Times. ? Farmers have an idea that only an expert professional can paint a wagon. Thi3 is a mistake. Any man who knows how to mark a sheep with red chalk can paint a wagon so that no water will get into the wood. ? "Can't you drive faster, John?" said a farmer's wife ; "we'll never git to the village at this rate." "Can't help it" replied John. "Them hosses has pl,owed all the week, an' I want to save what life they is got left for a dash past the tavern." AROUND PETERSBURG. A Story of the Bnttlo of the Crater. The Constitution of December 1 pub? lishes what purports to be an account of tbe battlj of the Crater. It is perfectly evident to the writer, as to every other participant in that struggle, that F. D. M. knows nothing about what he^at tempts to describe. Nor does be believe that F. D. M. belonged to tbe gallant Virginia brigade, which had been com? manded by General Mahone, and which at that time was commanded by Colonel Weisiger. Tbe exploits of that brigade were too glorious to need bolstering by claiming everything done upon a battle? field as the result of its action, to the disparagement of other troops. The writer does not wish to detract one iota of glory from the bright halo surround? ing this brigade, believing, as he does, after witnessing many of its gallant feats, that it was tbe equal of any body of men that ever faced a foe upon the battlefield. -Indeed, be believes that, on a charge, it surpasses any brigade of the army of Northern Virginia. This is saying a great deal, as by its side on many a stubbornly fought field stood Harris' Mississippi and Wilcox's Alabama. These three, during the last year of the war, gave that reputation to Mahone's division, which made it as famous ou the side of the euemy as upon that of North? ern Virgiuia. The writer bos not seen the scene of conflict around Petersburg since the Fall of 1864, hut it is as vivid in his memory as if but yesterday. F. M. D. locates Fort Monroe on the Jerusalem .plank road, and Fort Stead man just op? posite. Duriog the last half of June, the whole of July, August and Septem? ber, 1864, tbe Alabama brigade of Ma? hone's division occupied tbe main line of fortifications in rear of Fort Mahone, which was an advance work, aud which was, occupied only during attacks upon the enemy, it being completely command? ed by the main line. During the time above mentioned tbe Eighth Alabama, in connection with the Washington Ar? tillery, ef New Orleans, garrisoned battery No. 45, about one hundred yards imme? diately to the rear of said fort. It is located about one mile to tbe right of the point, where tbe works crossed the Jerusalem road,, Fort Steadman about ope thousand'yards to its left, and about the same distance from said road. Op? posite to.Fort .Steadman the Southern works make an abrupt turn, forming a considerable angle. Fort Steadmau was built with two faces; one commanding the side of tbe angle extending to Southwest, the other, that which extend? ed to Northwest, It also had an enfilade fire upon Fort Mahone. The day before the explosion of the mine on the Jerusalem road severe fight? ing had taken place in the vicinity of Fort Harrison, North of the James. Tbe whole of the army of Northern Virginia, except the division of Mahone, of A. P. Hill's corps, had been concen? trated there under tbe command of General Longstieet. Beau regard's troops occupied the line at Petersburg, from the Appomattox to the angle and Mahone extended this line to near tbe shot tower South of the city. General Grant's plan of campaign was an excellent one, and ought to have suc? ceeded. He concentrated tbe greater part of his army to the North of the James in front of Richmond, intending to take that place by direct assault, if not. met by an opposing force strong enough to prevent; but, in case he found too strong an opposition to over? come, to march back to the front of Petersburg during tbe night, explode the mine, and carry Petersburg, thus forcing the evacuation of Richmond by severing its communication with the South. He soon discovered tbe army of Virginia in such force in his front as to render tbe first part of this plan hopeless, and pro? ceeded to the execution of tbe second. The facts show, that although General Lee did not know of the intended explo? sion of the mine, nor of the concentra? tion in front of the place to be blown up, yet be expected an attack at Petersburg. Only Mahone's division of his army of Virginia was at that place; yet he aud General A. P. Hill both remained, when tbe army marched to the North of tbe James. The whole force at Petersburg received orders the night previous to take their places in the fortifications at 2 a. m., and to remain in line until further orders. The troops were accordingly aroused at that hour, and formed ready for action. About the break of day, they began to struggle back into their blankets, grumbling, as usual, about being disturbed. All of a sudden, a furious cannonade was opened upon their lines by the enemy, from Ft. Mahone to the Appomattox. Those who had crawl? ed into their blankets, lost no time in getting under the cover of the breast? works, as a perfect hurricane of shot and shell came plunging through their ranks. In about fifteen minutes, several men came down in rear of the works, covered with red clay, and reported the explosion of the mine. This occurred just before the commencement of the bombardment, the artillerymen having orders to be ready and open as soon as they saw the explosion take place. They opened so promptly as to drown the sound of the explosion before it reached us, we being about one mile away. At this time Generals Lee, Hill, and Mahone formed a group on the rising ground at the left of battery No. 45, busily peering through their field glasses in the direction of the mine. It now being broad daylight they could fee what was taking place at that point. General Lee soon took his glasses from his eyes and said something to General Hill. After parlying a little, General Hill turned to General Mahone, and said something. The men of the eighth Alabama, nearest where they were standing, reported the following conversation: General Lee?General Hill, take your command, and retake that position. General Hill?General Beauregard lost the position, and military etiquette requires that he have an opportunity to retake it. I will stretch out Mahone's division and relieve his troops, and let him retake it. General Lee?You retake the position, and we will talk about military etiquette afterward* General Hill?General Mahone, take your command and recapture that posi? tion. General Mabone?I do not need my whole division. I can retake it with two brigades. General Mahone then strode to bis horse, mounted and rode off towards the right of bis command. Weisiger's Vir? ginia and Wright's Georgia brigades soon moved out of the works and moved off in a direction to bring them upon the scene of conflict facing the captured position. The tremendous cannonade of the enemy so completely drowned out every sound from the scene of the conflict that those out of sight of it could not tell how the battle was going. Stragglers reported the works blowD-up, the com? mands in and around the position de? stroyed, and the enemy in full possession. Orders soon came for the Alabama bri? gade to report at the scene of conflict as speedily as possible. When it arrived, the crater and works for some distance to the right were found in the enemy's possession. Wiesiger's brigade had charged with its usual gallantry driviug, with great slaughter, the attacking column, which was formed in four lines, back to the works; and bad recaptured these to the left of the crater. It was intended that Wright's brigade should retake the remainder, but half of the regiments failing to come to the scratch, the others, upon charging, found them? selves too weak to cope with the force i'i possession. They obliqued to the left, and entered the works retaken by Weni? ger. General Mahone, upon seeing this, ordered up the Alabama brigade. When it arrived he conducted it up a covered way and placed it opposite that portion of the line still in the possession of the enemy. It remained in tbis position for some lime before being ordered forward. Near 12 m. the following instructions were received from General Mabone, and by their strict observance the fire of the artillery was very nearly avoided, as the artillerymen failed to observe the ad? vance until close upon the infantry: "Advance as rapidly asposoiule, charging with the bayonet, without halting to fire, and without cheering." As soon as these bad been transmitted to the whole line, the order forward was given. Jumping out of the covered way at a single bound, a wild rush was made for the captured works. One gun, which had been dug out of the debris of the explosion, open? ed upon the line, and the enemy's infan 'try poured in a heavy fire. The forts in the rear of their line opened more than a hundred guns, but were so late in doing so that their fire mostly passed over our beads and did but little damage. Paying no attention to all this, the brigade dash? ed up bo close that the enemy was almost within reach of its bayonets. , Pausing then for an instant, a well directed volley from the whole line was, sent right into their faces. The brigade then sprang upon them with the bayonet, and swept them from the works to the right of the crater as quickly at. 2 as effectually as the forest is swept from the path of a cyclone. But the crater was so densely packed that to spring upou the bayonet was to be impaled. Seeing this, when upon the point of springing into it, the Eighth Alabama closed around the South side of it, while tho Eleventh took up a similar position on the opposite side. Every man on tbe inside, who dared to raise his head above tbe edge, was instantly killed. When no head was in sight, the rifles were laid over the edge and tbe balls sent into tbe dense mass packed so closely that not one could pass without striking several persons. Tbe Cohorn martar batteries, which had b^oo brought forward and placed in tbe cover? ed way from which the brigade started on its charge, aud which had been firing all tbe while the brigade occupied thet position, continued to drop their shells amid this masa of flesh. Those of tbe enemy who attempted to flee from the crater and from tbe line to tbe right were compelled to pass in full view of a portion of Weisiger's line, and very few escaped the well directed fire that greeted them from that quarter. As socn as tie crater was surrounded, a white flag wns displayed; but no attention was paid 1,0 this, as "no quarter" had beeu tie enemy's battle cry at the beginning of the battle, and our stunned and wounded men had been mercilessly bayonted by the negro troops. The brigade had been informed of this before it entered upon the charge, and instructed by General Mahone to show them what this cry meant. Soon after the appearance of tbe first flag a second made its appear? ance, and then a third. But they weie not heeded until General Mahone carae along aud remarked that we bad better let them surrender, us enough had been done to show the meaning of the cry of no quarter. The firing ceased, and these able to travel were ordered to the reir. But comparatively few of these escaped, as Weisiger's brigade turned in the works and fired upon them as they ran across the field for more than a quarter of a mile. The large forts upon the other side opened all their guns upon tbem, being led to believe by the action of Weisiger's men that they were our men I repulsed. Out of about nine hundred that sur? rendered only three hundred reached the i shelter to the rear. Weisiger's brigade killed with the bayonet everything it met during its charge. The field in rear of the crater was thickly dotted with the slaiu, aud in many places aloug the trenches they were piled three and four deep. When these were thrown out, the blood remained shoe mouth deep. The day was the hottest that the Alabama troops ever had experienced, and was said to be the hottest in Virginia for thir? ty years. Under the rays of the sun, tbe stench of powder and blood which arose was terrible to endure. In an hour not more than one in ten of the troops remained in the line, and many of tbese were vomiting. If the attack of the enemy had been renewed the position, and the city would have been taken. If the enemy up n entering after the explosion had dashed upon the only bat? tery left to oppose them ; and had pro? ceeded in the usual manner, to 3weep the line to the right and to the left of the break : instead of hailing to dress tbe lines, and advance in dress parade style, the day would have ended in great disas? ter to the Confederates. Only two batteries of artillery and six companies of infantry belonging to a South Carolina regiment were destroyed by the explosion. The batteries were immediately over the mine, and were blown into the air; the earth, etc., from the explosion, all fell to the North, on the infantry, destroying all out of the bombproofs. The infantry to the right and the left were more or less unnerved by tbe shock, and retreated, making but slight resistance. The losses of the ene? my were stated at more than 6,000, nearly all in killed. Mahone's two brigades lost 580 in killed and wounded. This loss was greatly in disproportion to the undertaking, but was no greater because of the rapid and desperate way in which the attack was made. Tbe enemy were paralyzed as soon as they perceived the nature of tbe charge they were about to receive.?By L. L. McCurdy, late Sergeant Company D., Eighth Regiment Alabama Volunteers. Marriage by Degrees. A polish wedding and honeymoon has just been celebrated on Josephine street. The ceremony, owing to its protracted nature and the wedding customs peculiar to the Polish people, attracted considera? ble attention in that section of the city. The bride is a pleasant little woman and speaks Euglish fluently, but the groom has not been in the country long enough to have full command of the language. They were married at the Polish church by their priest, Father Myskavi, in the presence of a number of friends. After the formal ceremony the party repaired to the bride's home, wheiea reception wav given which lasted for three days. The wedding took place in the morning and a fine breakfast was served to the company at 8 o' clock, after which the dancing and merry making began, and was not allowed to stop or even flag until midnight. The company then dispersed to meet again at noon of the next day, and the same programme was executed from day to day until the marriage feast was euded. The bride and groom separated each night of the festivities., bidding everyone good night, and only arter the marriage feast is ended is the happy couple consid ered married. One of the unique feature* of tbe nuptial feast is the manner in which the bride receives tbe presents. 7Every gentleman present is expected to dance with her at least once, and as much ofteoor as he chooses, and each time be asks her to assist bim in the dance he must give her either a handsome present or a some of money. So if tbe tender bride is good looking, amiable and a good dancer she can not fail to realize a rich benefit from the feast. The bride received over $150 in money, and her presents were both substantial and pretty. The dancing is of a wild, furious nature, in which any one but a thorough expert would be foolhardy to engage, for when the orchestra gets property wound up and the dancers began to gyrate in time to the exciting music they remind an on-looker of the frail leaves which are caught up and madly tossed by an amateur cyclone. One of the Polish gentlemen who participated in the recent festivity was asked if three days was not a pretty long time to continue a wedding. "Oh, no," he said. "If you want to see a genuiue wedding go to Poland, were they last never less than a week or ten days. We workingmen don't get time to have a good wedding here.? nittsburg Times. A Belated Confederate. Shortly after the Confederates began their struggle for independence, Win ship Upchurch, of Chatham County, N. C, joiued a volunteer company and went to the front. He made a good sol? dier and fought on until tbe lost year of the conflict. The Federals captured him in one of tbe bloody battles in Virginia, and be was sent to one of tbe prisons in tbe Northwest. At the close of the war be was discharged. He was without money and had heard nothing from home in many months. His relatives, be knew, had good reason to believe him dead. Despondent, and proverty stricken the poor fellow drifted about from place to place wherever be could obtain work. His wanderings carried him all the time westward, and when he found himself in San Francisco he yielded to a temptation to visit tbe Sandwich Islands. The voluntary exile intended some day to return borne, but many things in? terfered. He also intended to write and notify bis people of his- whereabouts, but from time to time he delayed. Almost before be knew it twenty years flitted by. A few weeks ago he felt an uncontrollable desire to see the old North State again. He arranged his business, packed bis trunk and started on bis long journey. Last week he turned up in Chatham County with the announcement that he had come to pay a short visit to his old friends. It is easy to imagine the astonishment cieated by*the reappearance of the be lated Confederate. The intelligence of his return spread like wildfire, and hundreds of farmers who were total strangers to him rode many miles to interview bim. The Sandwich Islander will be tbe lion of the hour and a nine days' wonder. Unfortunately for tbe symmetrical rounding off of the story, the adventurous soldier doe9 not propose to settle down in his old home. He has prospered among his heathen friends and will go back to spend his days among them. Perhaps all the points in the story have not been made public. There may be a woman in the case. Upchurch may have been drawn to North Carolina by a sneaking desire to again look upon the face of the girl be left behind him when he went to the tented field. He cay find her, not the buxom lassie of twenty years ago, but a faded matron, happy in the ceaseless duties and cares of wifehood and mother hood. This may be the end of the little romance. Who knows??Atlanta Con? stitution. ? The example of the London aud Northwestern Railway Company in sub? stituting metal crossties for wooden ones will have to be followed by some of the railroads of this country before long. Already wooden crossties are becoming scarce in many sections, and a5 they have to be frequently replaced they are very expensive. The substitution of metal ties would give a great stimulus to the iron trade; but care should be taken so to revise the tariff that manufacturers will not have consumers at their mercy. ? A number of Hartford, Conn., young ladies have organized a club called "The Tongue Guard." Each member has to put a cent into the treasury when she says anything against any one. It is under? stood that several banks in Hartford are eagerly bidding for the privilege of taking care of the club's money. ? The clergy, you have noticed, are much more forcibly reminded of the "uncertainty of life" when a millionaire dies suddenly than when a poor man drop3 dead. THE HORSE OF THE MOUNTAINS. Tho Wild Steed of tho West nnd His Hab? its? "Boss of the Herd." When I apeak of a wild horse, you will understand that the word "wild" implies its full meaning, for certainly no animal in existence is so thoroughly un? approachable. Their superior intellect to other animals when partly bred to good stock, their faculties of hearing, seeing and smelling, coupled with their fleetness and courage and their ability to stand days and weeks of running, make them the most difficult of animals to capture. Confining themselves almost entirely to the inaccessible mountains, only coming down to water once a day, makes it almost impossible to follow, much less capture them, aid when a band or a portion of a band goes wild it is rarely in these days that the owner ever tries to recapture them, knowing full well that it nearly takes horse for horse in tbe business, and the wild horse once captured has been so run down and abused to bring him into subjection that be is hardly worth the success THE LEADER OF THE HERD. With the wild horses a stallion is at the head, and the leader of every herd, having such full control over them that no band of cowboys are able to drr e a band of horses so fast or well as a stall? ion can. All in the band are so thoroughly afraid of him they keep in a bunch, and their speed is gauged by bis own, be running behind with his head low, scarcely above the ground. He ad? vances quickly on the hindermost ones, giving them a sharp bite on tbe rump, thereby giving thorn to understand they must keep up. Should one turn out he follows him, much after tbe fashion of tbe shepherd dog, and runs him back. Until his band are out of sight in tbe mountains be keeps this up. Here they seem to understand that he can not fol? low them all, and they scatter in all di? rections, in ravines, canyons and inac? cessible places, so that when the rider arrives at tbe place he last saw them (usually around some sharp point or on some high peak) be is mortified to find his own horpt almost exhausted and his herd so scattered (probably only two or three in sight) that he gives up the chase in disgust. It is surprising bow easily and thor? oughly domestic horses go wild under the influence of these wild stallions. Many is the emigrant or horse-raiser who has gone to bed at night full of con? fidence and often pride at the conditon and numbers of his stock, only to wake up in the morning to find nothing left but the ono horse on tbe picket rope and the train of their fleeing animals, driven or coaxed away by these wild horses?gone, and forever. I recall to mind now an ,:quaintance of mine in Nevada, one Joseph Gilbert, who lived in Reese River Valley, in Louder Coun? ty, who took a pride in the quality and quantity of bis horses. His herd num? bered about 500 bead, and was generally conceded to be tbe best in that section. Joe was in fine circumstances, and bore the reputation of being well off and an excellent man, but somehow a band of wild horses began to prey upon bis herd, finally securing to themselves a beautiful stallion recently purchased by Joe at an expense of $1,000. After his capture Joe'? herd was of short duration, as with the assistance of this stallion they nearly or quite all went wild, and though re? wards of $5, and afterward $10 per bead was offered for the horses in any corral, with an additional offer of $500 for the stallion, I never beard of more than fifteen or twenty horses being returned. A DANGEROUS ENCOUNTER. Horse-raising, ho?, ever, on the plains is very profitable, and horses will live where cattle will die .".od never have diseases that assume the character of an epidemic barring the continued danger of their going wild, there is no such profitable business in stock raising on the plains or mountains. Wild stallions often become aggressive and even dangerous. Mr. Blossom, a friend of mine, was going on a trip with his family partly hunting and partly to look over the range to see the condition of his stock. One night while in camp at Antelope Valley bis team of horses (two fine mares) disappeared. Awaking the next morning he found himself without his horses, and starting his two boys to follow some tracks in one direc? tion, he and his wife started in another. Presently he came in sight of bis lost horses in company with several wild ones, and, to bis horror, he saw coming toward him tbe stallion "Boss of tbe Herd," and although he had his double barreled shot gun, he knew it was loaded with fine shot, and these two loads were the only things standing between him and destruction, nad he been a "ten? der foot," uudoubtedly he would have been injured. Being, however, an old timer, he stood bis ground, telling his wife to keep continually behind him. On came the infuriated beast, bead down, ears back and mouth open, to within a few paces of Blossom, who, at this criti? cal moment, began to swing his arms in the manner done when throwing a lasso. This recalled to his horaesbip the un? merciful and uncontrollable character of these ropes when once in their fold, and fearing his own captivity, he stopped on his charge, but continually circling around just out of reach of a rope, he endeavored to scare his enemies away. Blossom kept swinging bis arm and yelling constantly, working toward his own horses, until finally he reached them. Fortunately they were the gent? lest possible, and not yet under the in? fluence of their wild companions. Assisting his wife to mount one, he mounted the other, and as he started back to camp the stallion saw his efforts were hopeless and went back to bis wild herd in the distance, assisted by the two loads of small shot before mentioned. Had Blossom, when first attacked, shot this horse and failed to kill him, as he did after being mounted, he would un? doubtedly never have lived to tell the tale. Should he have killed him, the report of the gun would have stampeded the band, and in all probability his team would have followed ; but once on their backs he had them, beside forming a combination, viz: "Horseaud rider," of which all horses and cattle are afraid in the far west.?Chicago Journal. Truths Tersely Put. The foundation of three-fourths of all cases of consumption is laid before the age of twenty-five year;; in women during their teens. The hereditary element is not of special account as a cause of consump? tion, as less than twenty five per cent, of cases are clearly of consumptive parent ap? One of the ruling causes of disease and premature death in large cities is found in that exhaustive strain of mental ener? gies in the struggle for subsistence, a death race for bread. A current of the purest air from the poles, for half an hour, on a person sleeping, sitting still or over heated, is a thousand fold more destructive of health and fatal to life than the noisomeness of a crowded room or vehicle, or the stench of a pig-stye for thrice the time. To exercise in weariness, increased by every step, is not only not beneficisl it is useless and worse than useless; it is positively destructive. As no good traveler, after having fed his horse, renews bis journey in a trot, but with a slow wallr. gradually increas? ing his pace, so in getting up to address an assembly for a continued effort, the first few sentences should be uttered in a low, slow tone, gradually intensified, otherwise the voice will break down in a few minutes with coughing or hoarseness. A growing inability to sleep in sickness is ominous of a fatal result; in apparent health, it indicates the failure of the mind and madness; so on the other hand in disease or dementia, a very slight improvement in the sleeping should be hailed as the harbinger of restoration. Water can not satisfy the thirst which attends cholera, dysentery, diarrhoea and some other forms of disease; in fact, drinking cold water seems to increase the thirst and induce other disagreeable sensations; but this thirst will be perfectly pleasantly subdued by eating a comparatively small amount of ice, swallowing it in as large pieces as practi? cable and as much a??? n wanted. Very excessive effort iu a short space of time, as in running or jumping a rope, etc., has repeatedly caused instant death by apoplexy of the lungs, the exercise I sending the blood there faster than it can be purified by tbe more infrequent breathing on such occasions. No disease ever comes without a cause or without a warning, hence endeavor to think back fcr the cause, with a view to avoid it in the future, and on the instant, of any unpleasant bodily sensation, cease eating until it has disappeared, at least i for twenty-four hours; if still remaining, consult a pbysican. The more clothes a man wears, the' i closer he keeps bis chamber, tbe closer j be confines'himself to bia house, the j more readily will he take cold, as the j more a thriftless youth is helped the less } able does be become to help himself.? I Boston Budget. Reasons Why the Baby Cries. The young bachelor who volunteered an opinion as to the reason for a baby's smile, and the summary justice which he received at tbe hands of tbe babv's nurse, are well known, but why the baby cries is a matter as to which few men haveri any curiosity, provided it is not too late to have an engagement down town when the concert begins. Tbe "Mother's Manual of Children's Diseases" explains the matter thus : "Cries are the only language which ar] young baby has to express its distress; as smiles avd laughter and merry antics tell without a word its gladness. Tbe baby must be ill, is all that its cries tell one person; another, who has seen much of-} sick children, will gather from them more, and will be able to judge whether its suffering is in the bead, or stomach.' The cries of a bab) with the stomach ache are long and ioud and passionate; it sheds a profusion of tears; now stops for a moment, and then begins again, drawing up its legs to its stomach; and as the pain passes off stretches them out again, and with many little sobs passes off into a quiet sleep. If it has inflam? mation of the chest, it does not cry aloud, it sheds no tears, but every fe w minutes^ especiaally after drawing a deeper brestnj than before, or after each short, hacking I cough it gives a little cry, which it checks! apparently before it is half finished, anal this, either because it has no breath to] waste in cries, or because the effort makes its breathing more painful. If disease is-Jj going on in tbe head the child utter?J sharp, piercing shrieks, and then between^ whiles a low moan or wail, or perhapsr no sound at all, but lies quiet, apparently I dozing, till pain wakes it up again."-^| Exchange. _ _ _ An Orchard Fertilizer. The best fertilizer I have ever used for fruit trees is made of chip dirt from the! woodpile and old asbes. I mix in the! proportion of one bushel of ashes tor three of the chip dirt, stirring them welll with the shovel. About two bushels of J this mixture is to be spread around each] young tree, giving the large, well growM trees more. The manure is applied at] any season. Do not pile around the tree? any litter or rubbish that would harbfl mice. In summer keep the weeds from! the trees. Experience has taught me| that this fertilizer serves a very impor? tant purpose, not only in supplying tbe|| trees with suitable food, but in mellowing| tbe soil and helping on such crops -asu^j may choose to plant in my orchard. Iffit is excellent for any crop, annual orj perennial, and the ashes (from hard wood) supply the trees with the element they most need and the soil lacks, and that is potash. It is a pleasure to see how a young orchard will thrive after an application of this fertilizer. Sometimes I burn logs to get asbes for this purpose,' and if I have no chip dirt I go to a dead oak or a hickory and scrape together bits of bark and rich earth around the tree. It is a very good substitute for the chipf dirt. It is obvious that this material is rich in the elements of food of trees I believe in keeping fruit trees well fedj and that a large space around each tret! should be given exclusively to the tree from which to draw its supplies. I nevei Elant close to my trees, preferring to ave them branch low and to trim dowr, rather than up.?American Agriculturist Result of Fishing with Dynamite. 1 Not long ago a couple of well knowK gentlemen, one a resident of this town and the other of the Fork, concluded b$ try dynamite cartridges on fish. Armin? themselves with the necessary ammuni| tion they procured a bateau and naddlei" out to the centre of a large mill ponc&i not many miles from Orangeburg, to trj their first experiment. Everything bein| ready the fuse to the cartridge was ligbte*} and tbe combustible gently dropped ififl the pond. This being done the gentleel men thought it prudent to paddle thy| bateau away out of danger and give th cartridge a fair chance. But it attempting to do this they discovered that the boat was bard stuck on a sturc^ After working a little while and nndij it impossible to get the boat off, one cjji tbe gentlemen remarked to the othe? that he did not want his wife to be SI widow just yet and jumped overboarO closely followed by his friend. It was m pretty cold day, but our friends managej to reach the shore just in time to he* the explosion of their cartridge, whic killed two fish. We have not hear I what their opinion is concerning thm dynamite experiment on fish, but we ai II satisfied tbey feel assured that it is a h excellent thing to make a fellow take bath on a cold day against his wilK Orangebury Times-Democrat.